1262

2025-02-14T14:40:35Z

209.56.196.3: /* MONGOL EMPIRE */

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
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[[File:Bataille du Terek (1262).jpeg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Hulagu Khan]] is defeated by his cousin [[Berke Khan]] at the [[Terek (river)|Terek River]] (1262).]]
Year '''1262''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCLXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Mongol Empire ====
* [[Berke–Hulagu war]]: Mongol forces under [[Berke Khan]], ruler of the [[Golden Horde]], raid territory in the [[Caucasus]] belonging to his cousin [[Hulagu Khan]], ruler of the [[Ilkhanate]]. Berke supports the Georgian rebels and allies with the Mamluks. He defeats the Ilkhanate forces on the [[Terek (river)|Terek River]], together with the Mamluk army led by [[Baibars]] (or Abu al-Futuh), saving [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] from Ilkhanate occupation.

==== Europe ====
* [[March 8]] – [[Battle of Hausbergen]]: The [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] of [[Strasbourg]] defeat a German army of knights (some 5,000 men) under Bishop [[List of bishops, prince-bishops and archbishops of Strasbourg|Walter of Geroldseck]]. Strasbourg becomes an [[imperial Free City]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
* May – King [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso X]] ("the Wise") of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]], at a meeting in [[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]], demands military support from [[Muhammad I of Granada|Muhammad I]], ruler of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]], and relinquishes the ports of [[Tarifa]] and [[Algeciras]] to prepare an invasion of [[North Africa]].
* [[September 14]] – ''[[Reconquista]]'': Castilian-Leonese forces led by Alfonso X conquer [[Cádiz]]. The city has been under Moorish rule since [[AD 711|711]]. The Muslims are ousted, and Alfonso repopulates the region (also called the [[Repoblación]]).<ref>O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 32. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-4302-4}}.</ref>
* The [[Icelandic Commonwealth]] enters into the [[Old Covenant (Iceland)|Old Covenant]] (''Gissurarsáttmáli''), establishing a union with [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]], and acknowledges King [[Haakon IV of Norway]] ("the Old") as its ruler.
* King [[Mindaugas]] of [[Lithuania]] perhaps renounces [[Christianity]], returning to the country's [[Paganism|pagan]] roots, and reverting to Grand Duke.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|editor=Sužiedėlis, Simas|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Lituanica]]|title=Mindaugas|year=1970–1978|publisher=Juozas Kapočius|volume=III|location=Boston, Mass.|pages=538–543|lccn=74-114275}}</ref>

==== Levant ====
* [[Al-Hakim I]], a member of the [[Abbasid dynasty]], travels to [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]] and is proclaimed as caliph of [[Cairo]] in succession to his former rival [[Al-Mustansir II]]. After his arrival, he is imprisoned at the [[Cairo Citadel|Citadel of Cairo]] by orders of Sultan [[Baibars]] but released in [[1296]] by Sultan [[Lajin]].

==== Asia ====
* King [[Mangrai]] of [[Lan Na]] (modern [[Northern Thailand]]) founds the city of [[Chiang Rai]] as the kingdom's capital.

=== By topic ===

==== Arts and Culture ====
* [[Adam de la Halle]], French [[trouvère]] and musician, writes the first [[operetta]], ''Le Jeu de la Feuillee''.

==== Markets ====
* The [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] Senate starts consolidating all of the Republic's outstanding debt into a single fund, later known as the ''Monte Vecchio''. The holders of the newly created ''prestiti'' are promised a 5% annual coupon. These claims can be sold, and quickly (before [[1320]]) give rise to the first recorded secondary market for financial assets, in [[Middle Ages|Medieval Europe]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Munro|first=John H.|title=The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution|journal=The International History Review|year=2003|volume=15|issue=3|pages=506–562}}</ref>

==== Religion ====
* [[January 25]] – [[Richard of Chichester]] in England (d. [[1253]]) is [[Canonization|canonized]] as a saint; he is best known for authoring the prayer adapted into the song "[[Day by Day (Godspell song)|Day by Day]]" in the musical ''[[Godspell]]'' (1971).

==== Science and Technology ====
* [[Alfonso X of Castile]] ("the Wise") commissions [[Yehuda ben Moshe]] and [[Isaac ibn Sid]] to compile the [[Alfonsine Tables]], describing the movement of the planets.<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 145. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[May 6]] – [[John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings|John Hastings]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] and knight (d. [[1313]])
* [[August 5]] – [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary|Ladisslaus IV]] ("the Cuman"), king of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] (d. [[1290]])
* [[October 18]] – [[Ranulph Neville, 1st Baron Neville|Ranulph Neville]] (or Ralph), English nobleman (d. [[1331]])
* [[Bérenger de Landore]], French preacher and archbishop (d. [[1330]])
* [[Elisabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Germany|Elisabeth of Carinthia]] (or Tyrol), queen consort of [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]] (d. [[1312]])
* [[Guan Daogao]], Chinese calligrapher, poet and painter (d. [[1319]])
* [[Guan Daosheng]], Chinese painter, poet and writer (d. 1319)
* [[John II of Trebizond|John II]] (''Megas Komnenos''), emperor of [[Empire of Trebizond|Trebizond]] (d. [[1297]])
* [[John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos]], Spanish prince (''[[infante]]'') and [[regent]] (d. 1319)
* [[Takatsukasa Kanetada]], Japanese nobleman (''[[kugyō]]'') (d. [[1301]])
* [[U T'ak]] (or Woo Tak), Korean scholar and philosopher (d. [[1342]])
* [[William de Cantilupe, 1st Baron Cantilupe|William de Cantilupe]], Anglo-Norman nobleman and knight (d. [[1308]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 23]] – [[Giles of Assisi]], companion of [[Francis of Assisi]] (b. [[1190]])
* [[May 18]] – [[John Climping]], English cleric, chancellor and bishop
* [[June 23]] – [[Siemowit I of Masovia]], Polish nobleman and knight ([[Piast dynasty|House of Piast]])
* [[July 13]] – [[Henry Wingham]], English [[Lord Chancellor]] and bishop
* [[July 14]] – [[Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester]], English nobleman and knight (b. [[1222]])
* [[August 24]] – [[Robert de Mariscis]], English priest and archdeacon
* [[September 1]] – [[Blessed Giuliana of Collalto|Giuliana of Collalto]], Italian [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] abbess and Blessed
* [[September 12]] – [[Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon]], English nobleman (b. [[1236]])
* [[October 5]] – [[Princess Teruko|Teruko]], Japanese princess and empress (b. [[1224]])
* [[December 13]] – [[Giles of Bridport]], English archdeacon and bishop
* [[December 21]] – [[Bahauddin Zakariya]], Ghurid scholar and poet
* [[Ibn al-Adim]], Syrian diplomat, biographer and historian (b. [[1192]])
* [[Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam]], Syrian jurist and theologian (b. [[1181]])
* [[Matilda II, Countess of Nevers]] (or Maud of Dampierre), French noblewoman and regent (b. c. [[1235]])
* [[Mem Soares de Melo, 1st Lord de Melo]], Portuguese nobleman and knight (b. [[1200]])
* [[Peter de Rivaux]], Poitevin-born English High Sheriff and [[Lord High Treasurer]]

== References ==
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1262