Mars 2MV-4 No.1

2025-09-13T08:08:36Z

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{{Short description|Soviet space mission}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = 2MV-4 No.1
| image = Mars 1 NASA.jpg
| image_caption =

| mission_type = [[Mars]] flyby
| operator = [[Soviet Union]]
| COSPAR_ID = 1962-057A
| SATCAT = 443
| mission_duration = 5 days

| spacecraft_type = [[2MV]]-4
| manufacturer = [[OKB-1]]
| dry_mass =
| launch_mass = {{convert|893.5|kg}}
| power =

| launch_date = {{start-date|24 October 1962, 17:55:05|timezone=yes}} UTC
| launch_rocket = [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya]] 8K78 {{nowrap|[[serial number|s/n]] T103-15}}
| launch_site = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Gagarin's Start|1/5]]
| launch_contractor =
| decay_date = {{nowrap|29 October 1962}} – {{nowrap|{{end-date|26 February 1963}}}}

| orbit_epoch =
| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]] (achieved)<br/>[[Heliocentric orbit|Heliocentric]] (intended)
| orbit_periapsis =
| orbit_apoapsis =
| orbit_inclination =
| orbit_period =
| apsis = gee

| programme = '''[[Mars program]]'''
| previous_mission = ''[[Mars 1M No.2|Mars 1960B]]''
| next_mission = [[Mars 1]]
}}

'''Mars 2MV-4 No.1'''<ref name="LL"/><ref name="GSP"/> also known as '''Sputnik 22''' in the West, was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the [[Mars program]]me, and was intended to make a [[flyby (spaceflight)|flyby]] of [[Mars]],<ref name="RSW">{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_mars.html |title=Russia's unmanned missions to Mars |last=Zak |first=Anatoly |publisher=RussianSpaecWeb |access-date=29 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720011556/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_mars.html |archive-date=20 July 2010 }}</ref> and transmit images of the planet back to Earth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/mars2mv4.htm|title=Mars 2MV-4|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=29 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129154117/http://astronautix.com/craft/mars2mv4.htm|archive-date=29 November 2010}}</ref> Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it was destroyed in low Earth orbit.<ref name="EA">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/project/mars.htm|title=Mars|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=29 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208124224/http://www.astronautix.com/project/mars.htm|archive-date=8 December 2010}}</ref> It was the first of two Mars 2MV-4 spacecraft to be launched, the other being the [[Mars 1]] spacecraft which was launched eight days later.<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-2mv-4.htm|title=Mars 1 (2MV-4 #1, 2)|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref>

== Launch ==
With the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] unfolding, the USSR spacecraft ''Mars 2MV-4 No.1'' was launched at 17:55:04 UTC on 24 October 1962, atop a Molniya 8K78 carrier rocket flying from [[Gagarin's Start|Site 1/5]] at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.<ref name="LL">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref> The lower stages of the rocket performed nominally, placing the payload and the [[Blok L]] upper stage into low Earth orbit. When the Blok L ignited following a [[coast phase]], lubricant leaked out of the [[turbopump]], which consequently seized up and disintegrated. This caused the main engine to explode,<ref name="EA-R7">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/soyuz.htm |title=Soyuz |last=Wade |first=Mark |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=29 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107163113/http://astronautix.com/lvs/soyuz.htm |archive-date=7 January 2010 }}</ref> destroying the upper stage and spacecraft.<ref name="GSP"/> Twenty two pieces of debris from the spacecraft and upper stage were catalogued, which decayed between 29 October 1962 and 26 February 1963.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt |title=Satellite Catalog |last=McDowell |first=Jonathan |publisher=Jonathan's Space Page |access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref>

== Designations ==
The designations Sputnik 29, and later Sputnik 22, were used by the United States [[Naval Space Command]] to identify the spacecraft in its [[Satellite Situation Summary]] documents, since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time, and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart geocentric orbit.<ref name="RSW"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-057A |title=Sputnik 22|publisher=NASA NSSDC|access-date=28 July 2010}}</ref> A [[United States]] [[Ballistic Missile Early Warning System]] station in [[Alaska]] detected the debris from the launch, and initially identified it as incoming [[nuclear weapon|nuclear warheads]], since the launch had occurred during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/advanced/20th_soviet_mars.html |title=Soviet Craft – Mars |last=Mihos |first=Chris |date=11 January 2006 |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |access-date=29 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013211415/http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/advanced/20th_soviet_mars.html |archive-date=13 October 2013 }}</ref>

== Scientific Instruments ==
The spacecraft carried two instruments on board:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/298/deep-space-chronicle-a-chronology-of-deep-space-and-planetary-probes-1958-2000|title=Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-01-20}}</ref>

* [[Imaging system|Imaging System]]
* [[Magnetometer]]
{{-}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Spaceflight|Solar System}}
* [[List of missions to Mars]]
*[[List of Mars landers|List of Mars Landers]]
*[[List of artificial objects on Mars|List of artificial object on Mars]]
*[[List of missions to Venus|List of Venus Missions]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Mars spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1962}}
{{Mars programme}}

[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Mars program]]
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1962]]
[[Category:Destroyed space probes]]

Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Mars 2MV-4 No.1