View source for Wikipedia:Administrators' guide/Blocking

{{short description|Guide to blocking users}}
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{{Shortcut|WP:ADMINGUIDE/B}}
{{outdated|reason=to reflect the 2019 layout changes to the blocking form}}
[[File:MediaWiki's Special-Block interface, taken February 21, 2019.png|thumb|500px|A screenshot of the [[Special:Block|blocking form]], 2019]]
Blocks exist to protect the project from harm, and reduce likely future problems. Appropriate use of a block can help prevent imminent problematic conduct and disruption to Wikipedia.

==When not to block==
{{main|WP:INVOLVED}}

Do not block someone where you have, or may seem to have, a conflict of interest with regards to the editor in question or the topic in dispute – known as being "involved". This is generally construed very broadly by the community, to include current or past conflicts with an editor (or editors) and disputes on topics, regardless of the nature, age, or outcome of the dispute.  However, issuing warnings, calm and reasonable discussion and explanation of those warnings, advice about communal norms, and suggestions on possible wordings and approaches, do not make an administrator 'involved'. 

In cases which are straightforward, (e.g. [[WP:VAND|blatant vandalism]]), the community has historically endorsed the obvious action of any administrator – even if involved – on the basis that any reasonable administrator would have probably come to the same conclusion. When in doubt, however, raise the matter at the relevant [[WP:NOTICEBOARDS|noticeboard]] and let other administrators take action, if appropriate.

Remember that even if you issue a block in a completely uninvolved, nonpartisan manner and perfectly in-line with policy and past precedent, you are stopping another person from being able to contribute to the world's largest encyclopedia project, and they are unlikely to react to the block positively. '''If you have ''any'' doubts - don't block.'''

==[[Image:Admin mop.PNG|25px| ]]When to block==
{{hatnote|For the full information on this policy, see [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy]]}}
{| style="width:auto; border:1px solid #88A; float: right; padding:3px; font-size:0.9em; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="4" | Common [[WP:BLOCKT|User block templates]]
|-
|style="text-align:right;"| 
! Temporary
! Indefinite
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Vandalism: 
| {{tlx|uw-vblock}} || {{tlx|uw-voablock}}
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| 3RR:
| {{tlx|uw-3block}} || {{N/A}}
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Spamming:
| {{tlx|uw-sblock}} || {{tlx|Spamblock}}
|-
!style="text-align: right;| UserName:
| {{N/A}} || {{tlx|uw-ublock}}
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Legal threats:
| {{N/A}} || {{tlx|uw-lblock}}
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Sockpuppetry:
| {{N/A}} || {{tlx|uw-spoablock}}
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Harassment:
|colspan="2"|  {{tlx|uw-hblock}} 
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Generic Block:
| {{tlx|uw-block}} || {{tlx|uw-blockindef}}
|}
One critical point to remember is that we block users to protect the encyclopedia from harm; blocks should not be [[WP:NOPUNISH|punitive]]. Blocks are most often used for:
* persistent [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]];
* [[Wikipedia:Three-revert rule|3RR]] violations;
* persistent [[Wikipedia:Civility|gross incivility]];
* persistent [[Wikipedia:Harassment|harassment]];
* persistent [[Wikipedia:Spam|spamming]];
* [[Wikipedia:Edit war|edit warring]] or [[Wikipedia:Three revert rule|revert warring]];
* breaching the [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry#Forbidden_uses_of_sock_puppets|sock puppetry policy]];
* persistently violating other [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|policies or guidelines]];
* persistently making [[Wikipedia:No personal attacks|personal attacks]];
* making personal, professional or [[Wikipedia:No legal threats|legal]] threats (including outside the Wikipedia site);
* persistently posting material contrary to the [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|biographies of living persons]] policy;
* accounts that appear to have been compromised, as an emergency measure.

Blocking may be used in other situations (not just the above), where particular situations are addressed by more specific policies dealing with particular issues.

Blocks sometimes are used to allow discussions (such as AfD discussions) to proceed without interruption. The block length is usually based on how long you think the block needs to be in place to protect the encyclopedia. '''31 hours''' is the standard duration for most blocks. Edit warring blocks (including [[WP:3RR]]) are usually 24 hours (some administrators prefer 31 hours). Registered sockpuppet accounts receive indefinite blocks, however, IP sockpuppet accounts only receive temporary blocks. Discussion blocks might last long enough to conclude the discussion. If you use [[WP:TW|Twinkle]] to block, it will automatically supply the standard durations based on the preset chosen.

Blocks are most often used after a user continues to vandalize despite repeated warnings. Such blocks generally are imposed when a user continues to vandalize after a final warning (corresponding to a level 4 warning template) but this is a guideline, not a hard and fast rule. Template warnings are often used but are not required. [[Wikipedia:Single-purpose account|Single purpose accounts]] or vandalism-only accounts may warrant blocking with fewer warnings. In cases of gross or extreme vandalism a warning is not needed at all, such as in the case of promotion of hate and racism, or uploading [[shock site|shock images]]. Some users will deserve only one warning, others more warnings. Decide on the severity of the behavior and the likelihood of salvaging a good user. No hard and fast rule will do; use your good judgment.

==[[Image:Admin mop.PNG|25px| ]]When to unblock==
<div style="border: 2px solid #990000; background-color: #FFCCCC; border-radius: 1em; padding: 10px;">
You '''must not''' unblock any user who has been blocked as a [[WP:CHECKUSER|CheckUser]], [[WP:OVERSIGHT|Oversight]], or [[WP:ARBCOM|Arbitration Committee]] action, as this can result in '''the removal of your admin rights''', even for a first-time offense.
</div>
You may want to consider unblocking a user in a number of circumstances. These can include:
* The blocked user writing an appropriate [[WP:GAB|unblock request]]
* The block has been discussed on the [[WP:AN|Administrators' noticeboard]] or the [[WP:ANI|Administrators' noticeboard for incidents]] and you believe there is a consensus to unblock
* The user wants to take the [[WP:OFFER|standard offer]]

Administrators should not normally unblock users blocked in good faith by another administrator. If you plan on undoing another admin's block, ask them to consider unblocking ''first''. The blocking administrator may have further information and history (e.g.,: action taken at [[WP:ANI]] or [[WP:AE]]) that is not immediately visible on an unblock request. If that is not possible (e.g.,: if the blocking admin has since retired) and there is good reason to unblock, notify the original blocking admin and consider posting a note at [[WP:AN]] to let other administrators review your intended actions. This will prevent [[WP:WHEEL|wheel warring]] which would otherwise escalate into a dispute.

If you think the blocking administrator has a [[WP:INVOLVED|conflict of interest]], you should still [[WP:AGF|assume good faith]] that the block is correct, and discuss it at [[WP:AN]].

==[[Image:Admin mop.PNG|25px| ]]How to block==

Blocking a user is accomplished by filling out the [[Special:Blockip|blocking form]]. For the purposes of this guide we will use this form provided by the MediaWiki software. However, in practice you may more often use semi-automated tools for blocking such as [[WP:TW|Twinkle]], which can make the process considerably easier, and add an appropriate message to the user's talk page that explains why they have been blocked, and how to appeal.

The blocking form can seem complicated at first with all of its checkboxes and options; however, once you understand what these options do, it is easy to determine which are needed and which aren't. Below is a step by step guide on how to make blocks to different groups of users. Follow the instructions through and then '''block''' the users as the guide says. 

'''Yes, it's fine for you to block [[User:ThisIsaTest]], [[User:192.0.2.16]], [[User:2001:DB8:10:0:0:0:0:1]] and [[User:Keegagan]] ''!!'''''

'''''Note:''''' ''<span style="background:#fff990">After you are done, please make sure to unblock the users/IPs that you have test-blocked and removed the block messages from their talk page so that these steps may be repeated by the next Admin.</span>''

==[[File:Admin mop.PNG|25px|link=]]User blocks/unblocks==
{{hatnote|[[User:ThisIsaTest]] is a test account and is available for testing purposes. [[User:ThisIsaTest]] will NOT be editing the encyclopedia.}}

[[User:ThisIsaTest]] has been causing massive disruption since he created his account 5 minutes ago. He has sequentially received the four warnings {{tl|uw-vandalism1}}, {{tl|uw-vandalism2}}, {{tl|uw-vandalism3}}, and {{tl|uw-vandalism4}} (which is more than adequate warning), yet he still continues his rampage. With his continued rampage after adequate warning, he needs to be blocked to stop any further disruption.
[[Image:ThisIsaTestB-NAS.PNG|right|thumb|500px |Typical Admin blocking form]] 

#View ThisIsaTest's [[User talk:ThisIsaTest|talk page]], verify that they have been adequately warned and that the warnings are recent.
#Click on ThisIsaTest's [[Special:Contributions/ThisIsaTest|contributions]].
#Verify that ThisIsaTest has continued to vandalize after being adequately warned.
#Directly under the title you should see "{{mono|talk{{!}}block{{!}}block log{{!}}uploads}}" among other links – click on '''''block'''''. This will bring you to ThisIsaTest's blocking form. (see diagram on the right)
#Scroll to the bottom of the blocking form page, you will see the blocking form that is to be filled in. The username of the user to be blocked should already be there.
#Click on the '''Expiry:''' drop down menu – as ThisIsaTest is a vandalism-only account, select '''indefinite'''. ( {{red|'''''A'''''}}</font> )
#*directly underneath this drop down menu ( {{red|'''''B'''''}} ), you can specify your own length of block. You can type in just about anything here e.g. 1 week, 2 months, 71 hours etc., or enter a specific end date (useful if modifying an existing block) – use either the drop down menu, or type your own length in, '''not both.'''
#Click on the '''Reason:''' drop down menu ( {{red|'''''C'''''}} ) – select '''Vandalism only account''' (you may use the other reasons in different situations as well as enter a custom reason in the '''''D''''' field). 
#You then come to several check boxes: ( {{red|'''''E'''''}} )
#*'''Block account creation''' stops the user from creating a new account for 24 hours after the block is made – '''this typically should be left {{red|ticked}}'''.
#*'''Block user from sending e-mail'''  prevents the user from sending email – '''this should be left {{red|un-ticked}} unless the blocked user abuses the email function'''.
#*'''Prevent this user from editing their own talk page while blocked''' self-explanatory – '''this should be left {{red|unticked}} unless the blocked user disruptively edits their talk page or posts unblock abuse'''.
#*'''[[WP:Autoblock|Autoblock]] any IP addresses used''' blocks all IP addresses the editor may use in the future whilst blocked. Autoblocks last for 24 hours, except in the case of dynamic IP pools such as those used by residential ISPs – '''this typically should be left {{red|ticked}}'''.
#*'''Watch this user's user and talk pages''' adds the blocked user's page to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]] – '''you may wish to tick this checkbox to be informed if the user adds an unblock rationale on their talk page'''. 
#Now click '''Block'''.
#Leave {{tls|uw-voablock}} on ThisIsaTest's [[User talk:ThisIsaTest|talk page]] to explain that he has been indefinitely blocked.

[[User:ThisIsaTest]]'s block settings may need to be changed.

#Once again go to ThisIsaTest's [[Special:Contributions/ThisIsaTest|contributions]] – click on '''block'''.  This will bring you to the block form again.
#You will see a message at the top that says: "ThisIsaTest is already blocked. Do you want to change the settings?" – enter the new settings in the fields below.
#Now click '''Re-block the user with these settings'''.
#Leave a message on ThisIsaTest's [[User talk:ThisIsaTest|talk page]] explaining that the block settings have been changed.
  
[[User:ThisIsaTest]] now says he is sorry – no, he says he is {{underline|really}} sorry and has waited six months (per the [[WP:SO|standard offer]]) and you wish to unblock him:

#Click on ThisIsaTest's [[Special:Contributions/ThisIsaTest|contributions]].
#Directly underneath the title you should see "{{mono|talk{{!}}change block{{!}}unblock{{!}}block log}}" (among other links) – click on '''''unblock'''''. This will bring you to the unblock form for ThisIsaTest.
#Under the reason field, give the reason you are unblocking [[User:ThisIsaTest]]. 
#Click '''Unblock'''. You then see the message "You have unblocked ThisIsaTest".

For the purpose of these practice steps, please remove the {{tls|uw-voablock}} post from ThisIsaTest's [[User talk:ThisIsaTest|talk page]].

==[[Image:Admin mop.PNG|25px| ]]IP blocks/unblocks==
{{hatnote|[[User:192.0.2.16]] is a [[reserved IP address]] and will not be editing the encyclopedia.}}

[[User:192.0.2.16]] has been causing massive disruption today and has received warnings from {{tl|uw-vandalism1}} to {{tl|uw-vandalism4}}, yet she still continues her rampage. The IP needs to be blocked to stop any further disruption.
#Click on 192.0.2.16's [[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.16|contributions]].
#Directly underneath the title you should see "{{mono|talk{{!}}block{{!}}block log{{!}}uploads}}" among other links – click on '''''block'''''. This will bring you to 192.0.2.16's blocking form. [[Image:SensitiveIP-NAS.PNG|right|thumb|400px |If you block ''any'' IP in the ranges listed under "Sensitive IP addresses", you ''must'' notify the [[m:Communications_committee|Wikimedia Foundation Communications Committee]] immediately (see contact instructions there or use the [[m:Communications_committee/Notifications|notifications page]]).]]
#Scroll to the bottom of the page, you will see the blocking form that is to be filled in. The IP of the user to be blocked should already be there.
#Click on the '''Expiry:''' drop down menu – as 192.0.2.16 has received no previous blocks, select a short amount of time: '''31 hours'''.
#*directly underneath this drop down menu, you can specify your own length of block. You can type in just about anything here e.g. 1 week, 2 months, 71 hours etc. – use either the drop down menu, or type your own length in, '''not both.'''
#Click on the '''Reason:''' drop down menu – select '''Vandalism'''.
#You then come to several check boxes:
#*'''Block account creation''' stops users from this IP creating an account – '''this should be left {{red|ticked}}'''.
#*'''Block user from sending e-mail''' prevents users from this IP from sending email – '''this should be left {{red|unticked}} unless the user is abusing this function'''.
#*'''Prevent this user from editing their own talk page while blocked''' self-explanatory – '''this should be left {{red|unticked}} unless the blocked user disruptively edits their talk page or posts unblock abuse'''.
#*'''Watch this user's user and talk pages''' adds the blocked user's page to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]] – '''you may wish to tick this checkbox to be informed if the user adds an unblock rationale on their talk page'''. 
#*'''Prevent logged-in users from editing from this IP address''' blocks all users, registered and unregistered, from editing from the IP address. This may cause collateral damage so should be '''left {{red|unticked}}'''.
#Now click '''Block'''.
#Leave {{tls|uw-ablock}} on the IP's talk page to explain that it has been blocked for a short period of time.

[[User:192.0.2.16]] now says she is sorry and you wish to unblock her:

#Click on 192.0.2.16's [[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.16|contributions]].
#Directly underneath the title you should see "{{mono|talk{{!}}block{{!}}block log{{!}}uploads}}" (among other links) – click on '''''unblock'''''. This will bring you to the unblock form for 192.0.2.16.
#Under the reason field, give the reason you are unblocking 192.0.2.16.
#Click '''Unblock'''. You will then see "You have unblocked 192.0.2.16".

For the purpose of these practice steps, please remove the {{tls|uw-ablock}} from 192.0.2.16's [[User talk:192.0.2.16|talk page]].

==[[Image:Admin mop.PNG|25px| ]]Blocking a range of IPs==
{{hatnote|{{red|'''Do NOT test this feature'''}}. The information below is purely for reference. More information at [[WP:RANGE]]}}
{{See also|User:Jasper Deng/IPv6|User:TonyBallioni/Just block the /64|meta:Help:Range blocks/IPv6}}

Sometimes disruption persists from a small range of IPs, where blocking each individually is ineffective. In such cases it may be feasible to perform a [[mw:Help:Range blocks|range block]]. This however should be '''avoided if at all possible''', as it '''will''' cause collateral damage. It is suggested you discuss range blocks before making them, and if you aren't familiar with the [[Internet protocol suite]] and [[Classless Inter-Domain Routing|CIDR]] ranges, you shouldn't be making them.

Things to do '''before''' considering a range block:
* Ensure [[WP:ADMINGUIDE/P|page protection]] is not a viable alternative, for instance, if only one or two pages are affected.
* Check the contributions from the range and ensure there are not good-faith editors that will be blocked from editing.

Tools for computing the range of IPs:
* {{u|NativeForeigner}}'s [http://nativeforeigner.com/calc range calculator]
* [[toollabs:blockcalc|blockcalc]] on tool labs

Tools to check range contributions:
* Range calc gadget (recommended). Go to your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|gadgets]] and enable "Allow /16, /24 and /27 – /32 CIDR ranges on Special:Contributions". From here you can go to [[Special:Contribs]] and enter the CIDR range in just as you would any user or IP. If you have [[WP:POPUPS]] turned on, you can hover over the "diff" links to verify you won't be blocking any constructive users
* [[toollabs:xtools/rangecontribs|xtools]]
* {{u|HelloAnnyong}}'s [[toollabs:rangecontrib|rangecontrib tool]]

Blocking ranges works much the same way as you would block any IP, except you provide the CIDR range. If you feel a range block is warranted but are uncomfortable doing it yourself, you may wish to contact one of the admins in [[:Category:Wikipedia administrators willing to make range blocks]].

==[[Image:Admin mop.PNG|25px| ]]Username blocks/unblocks==
{{hatnote|[[User:Keegagan]] is a test account and is available for testing purposes. Keegagan will NOT be editing the encyclopedia.}}

[[User:Keegagan]] is an inappropriate username due to it being [[Wikipedia:U#Similar_usernames|too similar]] to [[User:Keegan|an existing user]]. Assume that this is a clearly inappropriate username of the kind that can be blocked on sight by any administrator. To block,
# Click on Keegagan's [[Special:Contributions/Keegagan|contributions]].
# Directly underneath the title you should see "{{mono|talk{{!}}block{{!}}block log{{!}}uploads}}" among other links – click on '''''block'''''. This will bring you to Keegagan's blocking form.
# Scroll to the bottom of the page, you will see the blocking form that is to be filled in. The username of the user to be blocked should already be there.
# Click on the '''Expiry:''' drop down menu – as Keegagan's username is inappropriate, select '''indefinite'''.
#* directly underneath this drop down menu, you can specify your own length of block. You can type in just about anything here e.g. 1 week, 2 months, 71 hours etc. – use either the drop down menu, or type your own length in, '''not both.'''
# Click on the '''Reason:''' drop down menu – select '''<nowiki>{{uw-uhblock}}</nowiki>'''
# You then come to several check boxes:
#* '''Block account creation''' stops the user from creating a new account for 24 hours after the block is made – '''this tick should be {{red|changed to unticked}}'''.
#* '''Block user from sending e-mail'''  prevents the user from sending email – '''this should be {{red|left unticked}}'''.
#* '''Prevent this user from editing their own talk page while blocked''' self-explanatory – '''this should be {{red|left unticked}}'''.
#* '''Autoblock any IP addresses used''' blocks all IP addresses the editor may use in the future whilst blocked – '''this should be {{red|changed to unticked}}'''.
#* '''Watch this user's user and talk pages''' adds the blocked user's page to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]].
# Now click '''Block'''.
# Leave {{tls|uw-uhblock-double}} on Keegagan's [[User talk:Keegagan|talk page]] to explain that he has been indefinitely blocked.

[[User:Keegagan]] now says Keegagan is a family name and you wish to unblock him:
[[Image:ThisIsaTestU-NAS.PNG|right|thumb|400px |Typical Admin Un-block form]]
# Click on Keegagan's [[Special:Contributions/Keegagan|contributions]].
# Directly underneath the title you should see "{{mono|talk{{!}}change block{{!}}unblock{{!}}block log}}" (among other links) – click on '''''block'''''. This will bring you to the unblock form for Keegagan.
# Under the reason field, give the reason you are unblocking Keegagan.
# Click '''Unblock''' You then see the message "You have unblocked Keegagan".

For the purpose of these practice steps, please remove the {{tls|uw-uhblock-double}} post from Keegagan's [[User talk:Keegagan|talk page]].

==[[Image:Admin mop.PNG|25px]]Partial blocks==
{{see|Wikipedia:Partial blocks}}

Partial blocks can prevent a user from:
* Editing specific pages or all pages within a specific namespace.
* Emailing other users or creating other accounts, while still being allowed to edit normally

To partially block a user, the following additional fields are used on the blocking form:
* To allow the user to continue to edit pages normally while blocking other actions:
*# Uncheck the '''Editing''' checkbox.
*# Check the other actions to block where appropriate.
* To prevent the user from editing specific pages or within a namespace:
*# Select the '''Partial''' radio button below the ''Editing'' checkbox.
*# Enter the specific pages in the '''Pages''' box.
*# Enter the specific namespaces in the '''Namespaces''' box.

==Tools==
{{/Tools}}

==See also==
*[[Wikipedia:Blocking IP addresses]]
*[[Wikipedia:Autoblock]]
*[[mw:Help:Blocking users]]

{{admin guide}}
{{Wikipedia accounts|collapsed}}