View source for Nasjonal Samling

== History ==
=== Pre-war politics ===
[[File:Vidkun Quisling på talerstolen, ukjent datering. (8616425227).jpg|left|thumb|Vidkun Quisling on the podium during a party meeting in the 1930s.]]
The party never gained direct political influence, but it made its mark on Norwegian politics nonetheless. Despite the fact that it never managed to get more than 2.5% of the vote and failed to elect even one candidate to the [[Storting]], it became a factor by polarising the political scene.<ref>Tor Myklebost, ''They Came as Friends'' (1943), p. 43</ref> The established parties in Norway viewed it as a Norwegian version of the German [[Nazi Party|Nazis]], and generally refused to cooperate with it in any way. Several of its marches and rallies before the war were either banned, or marred by violence when communists and socialists clashed with the Hird.

A significant trait of the party throughout its existence was a relatively high level of internal conflict. [[Antisemitism]], [[anti-Masonry]] and differing views on religion, as well as the party's association with the Nazis and [[Nazi Germany|Germany]], were hotly debated, and factionalized the party. By the time the [[World War II|Second World War]] broke out, the party had around 2,000 members.<ref>[https://www.norgeshistorie.no/andre-verdenskrig/1701-ns-medlemmene-hvem-var-de.html NS-medlemmene: Hvem var de?] ''Norgeshistorie''</ref>

Strong belief in [[Romantic nationalism]] and [[authoritarianism]] dominated the NS ideology. It also relied heavily on Nordic symbolism in its propaganda and speeches. It asserted that its symbol (shown at the head of this article), a golden [[sun cross]] on a red background (colours of the [[coat of arms of Norway]]), had been the symbol of [[Olaf II of Norway|St. Olaf]], painted on his shield.<ref>John Randolph Angolia, David Littlejohn, C. M. Dodkins, ''Edged weaponry of the Third Reich'' (1974), p. 133</ref>

=== During the German occupation ===
[[File:Fo60000002029395 Nazi occupied Norway Forsvar Norge i Finnland Quisling taler Universitetsplassen Oslo kommune 1941-07-04 folkemøte NS Hirden Nasjonal Samlings glassplatesamling digitalarkivet.no Riksarkivet NTBs krigsarkiv CC BY.jpg|thumb|On 4 July 1941, [[Vidkun Quisling]] gave a speech at [[Universitetsplassen]] in Oslo aimed to recruit volunteers for the [[Norwegian Legion]] to fight on the Eastern Front in Finland]]
When [[Operation Weserübung|Germany invaded Norway]] on 9 April 1940, Quisling later that day marched into the [[NRK|Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation]] studios in [[Oslo]] and made a radio broadcast proclaiming himself [[Prime Minister of Norway|Prime Minister]] and
ordering all anti-German resistance to end immediately. He claimed that Germany was simply offering Norway "peaceful help" after the Allies [[Operation Wilfred|mined Norwegian waters]], but Prime Minister [[Johan Nygaardsvold]] had "irresponsibly fled."<ref>[https://www.nrk.no/norge/hor-quisling-erklaere-statskupp-pa-nrk-1.12302434 Hør Quisling erklære statskupp i NRK radio] ''NRK''</ref> However, [[Haakon VII of Norway|King Haakon VII]], in unoccupied territory along with the [[Nygaardsvold government]], let it be known he would abdicate rather than appoint any government headed by Quisling. The Nygaardsvold government refused to step down in Quisling's favour and confirmed that resistance was to be continued. With no popular support, the German forces of occupation quickly thrust Quisling aside. 

In December 1940, Nasjonal Samling membership rose to 22,000, and peaked with around 44,000 in November 1943.<ref>[https://snl.no/Nasjonal_Samling Nasjonal Samling] ''Store norske leksikon''</ref>

After a brief period with a civilian caretaker government (''[[Administrasjonsrådet]]'') appointed by the [[Supreme Court of Norway|Supreme Court]], the Germans took control through [[Reichskommissar#Norway|Reichskommissar]] [[Josef Terboven]]. He appointed a government responsible to himself, with most ministers from the ranks of Nasjonal Samling. However, the party leader, Quisling, was controversial in Norway as well as among the occupiers, and was denied a formal position until 1 February 1942, when he became "minister president" of the "[[Quisling regime|national government]]". Other important ministers were [[Jonas Lie (government minister)|Jonas Lie]] (also head of the Norwegian wing of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] from 1941) as minister of police, [[Gulbrand Lunde]] as minister of "popular enlightenment and [[propaganda]]", and the [[opera]] singer [[Albert Viljam Hagelin]], who was Minister of Home Affairs. The NS administration had a certain amount of autonomy in purely civilian matters, but it was in reality controlled by Reichskommissar Terboven as "head of state", subordinate only to [[Adolf Hitler]].

=== Post-war ===
The post-war authorities proscribed the party and prosecuted its members as collaborators. Nearly 50,000 were brought to trial, approximately half of whom received prison sentences.<ref>[https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_xi_179.pdf SSB statistikk p.13] ''SSB statistikk''</ref> The authorities executed Quisling for treason as well as a few other high-profile NS members, and prominent German officials in Norway, for war crimes. The sentences' lawfulness has been questioned, however, as Norway did not have [[capital punishment]] in peace-time, and the [[Constitution of Norway|Norwegian constitution]] at the time stipulated that capital punishment for war crimes had to be carried out during actual wartime.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}

Another issue of post-war treatment has been the ongoing Hamsun debate in Norway. The author [[Knut Hamsun]], although never a member, was a well-known NS sympathiser.<ref>Monika Žagar, ''Knut Hamsun: The Dark Side of Literary Brilliance'' (2009), p. 182</ref> After the war, Hamsun was, however, deemed mentally unfit to stand trial, and the issue of his links to the party has never been properly resolved. Hamsun's status as a [[Nobel Prize]] laureate also results in his ties to NS being a sensitive subject.