View source for 39 BC

=== By place ===

==== Roman Republic ====
* [[Marcus Antonius]] dispatches [[Publius Ventidius Bassus]] with 11 [[Roman legion|legions]] to the East and drives [[Quintus Labienus]] out of [[Asia Minor]]. Labienus retreats into [[Syria]], where he receives [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] reinforcements. Ventidius finally defeats him in the battle at the [[Taurus Mountains]].
* Publius Ventidius defeats Pharnastanes with his [[cataphract]]s at the Amanus Gates, and goes on to reclaim Syria, [[Phoenicia]] and [[Judea]]. Labienus flees to [[Cilicia]], where he is captured and executed.
* [[Sextus Pompey]], {{cn span|styles himself "son of [[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]]",|date=December 2025}} controls [[Sicily]], [[Sardinia]], [[Corsica]] and the [[Peloponnesus]], and is recognized by the [[Triumvirate]] in the [[Pact of Misenum]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Cadoux |first1=Theodore John |last2=Seager |first2=Robin J. |author2-link=Robin Seager |date=2003 |title=Pompey |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192801074.001.0001/acref-9780192801074-e-431 |encyclopedia=Who's Who in the Classical World |location= |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=6 December 2025}}</ref> The pact helps to assure Rome's [[grain]] supply, and the [[blockade]] on [[Roman Italy]] is lifted.

==== Western Han Empire ====
* [[39 BC Yellow River flood]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Loewe |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Loewe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A2HKxK5N2sAC |title=The Cambridge History of China, ''Vol. I:'' The Ch'in and Han Empires, ''221{{nbsp}}B.C.{{nbsp}}{{ndash}} A.D.{{nbsp}}220'' |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |editor=Denis Twitchett |editor2=Michael Loewe |display-editors=0 |date=1986 |isbn= 978-0-521-24327-8|contribution=The Former Han Dynasty |pages=103–222; 205–206}}</ref>