View source for El Cid

==Title==
[[File:Carmen campidoctoris 1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|First paragraph of the ''[[Carmen Campidoctoris]]'', the earliest literary treatment of El Cid's life, written to celebrate El Cid's defeat of some counts and champions]]

The name ''El Cid'' ({{IPA|es|el ˈθið|lang}}) is a modern Spanish denomination composed of the article ''el'' meaning "the" and ''Cid'', which derives from the Old Castilian loan word ''Çid'' borrowed from the dialectal Arabic word سيد ''[[sidi|sîdi]]'' or [[sayyid]], which means "lord" or "master". The [[Mozarabs]] or the Arabs that served in his ranks may have addressed him in this way, which the Christians may have transliterated and adopted. It has been conjectured that he received the honorific title and respectful treatment of contemporaries in [[Zaragoza]] because of his victories in the service of the King of the Taifa of Zaragoza between 1081 and 1086; however, he more likely received the epithet after his conquest of Valencia in 1094.

Historians have not found contemporary records referring to Rodrigo as ''Cid''. Arab sources use instead ''Rudriq'', ''Ludriq al-Kanbiyatur'' or ''al-Qanbiyatur'' (''Rodrigo el Campeador'').<ref>María Jesús Viguera Molins, «El Cid en las fuentes árabes», in César Hernández Alonso (coord.), ''Actas del Congreso Internacional el Cid, Poema e Historia (12–16 de julio de 1999)'', Ayuntamiento de Burgos, 2000, pp. 55–92. {{ISBN|84-87876-41-2}}</ref> The title appears for the first time as {{lang|osp|Meo Çidi}} in the {{lang|es|Poema de Almería}}, composed between 1147 and 1149.<ref>{{Cite book |title=El Cid : del hombre a la leyenda: Claustro bajo de la Catedral de Burgos, septiembre–noviembre 2007 |date=2007 |publisher=Junta de Castilla y León |author=Juan Carlos Elorza Guinea |author2=María Pilar Alonso Abad |author3=Castilla y León Junta |isbn=978-84-935781-4-5 |location= Valladolid |page=46 |oclc=433366647}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ignacio Ruiz Rodríguez |first=Félix Martínez Llorente |title=Recuerdos literarios en honor a un gran historiador de Castilla: Gonzalo Martínez Díez (1924–2015) |date=2016 |isbn=978-84-9085-787-8 |location=Madrid |pages=315 |oclc=964290692}}</ref>

The cognomen ''Campeador'' derives from Latin ''campi doctor'', literally meaning "teacher of the field", but translatable as "master of the battlefield". He probably gained it during the campaigns of [[Sancho II of Castile and León|King Sancho II of Castile]] against his brothers, kings [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso VI of León]] and [[García II of Galicia]]. While his contemporaries left no historical sources that would have addressed him as ''Cid'', they left plenty of Christian and Arab records, some even signed documents with his autograph, addressing him as ''Campeador'', which prove that he used the Christian cognomen himself.<ref name=egoruderico>See Ramón Menéndez Pidal, [http://bibliotecadigital.jcyl.es/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=4240 «Autógrafos inéditos del Cid y de Jimena en dos diplomas de 1098 y 1101»], ''Revista de Filología Española'', t. 5 (1918), Madrid, Sucesores de Hernando, 1918. Digital copy Valladolid, Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo. Dirección General de Promociones e Instituciones Culturales, 2009–2010. Original in Archivo de la Catedral de Salamanca, caja 43, legajo 2, n.º 72.</ref><ref>Alberto Montaner Frutos y Ángel Escobar, «El ''Carmen Campidoctoris'' y la materia cidiana», in ''Carmen Campidoctoris o Poema latino del Campeador'', Madrid, Sociedad Estatal España Nuevo Milenio, 2001, p. 73 [lam.]. {{ISBN|978-84-95486-20-2}}</ref><ref>Alberto Montaner Frutos, [http://e-spania.revues.org/20201 «Rodrigo el Campeador como ''princeps'' en los siglos XI y XII»]</ref><ref>Georges Martin [http://e-spania.revues.org/20087 «El primer testimonio cristiano sobre la toma de Valencia (1098)»], en el [http://e-spania.revues.org/19945 número monográfico «Rodericus Campidoctor»] de la revista electrónica [http://e-spania.revues.org/ ''e-Spania''], n.º 10 (diciembre de 2010). Online since 22 January 2011. Last time visited November 28th 2011. Complete text (Edition of the Latin text) in José Luis Martín Martín ''& al.'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=r0qwxJMJ7zoC&pg=PA79 ''Documentos de los Archivos Catedralicio y Diocesano de Salamanca (siglos XII–XIII)'', Salamanca, Universidad, 1977, doc. 1, pp. 79–81].</ref> Arabic sources from the late 11th century and early 12th century call him {{lang|ar|الكنبيطور}} ({{Transliteration|ar|al-Kanbīṭūr}}), {{lang|ar|القنبيطور}} ({{Transliteration|ar|al-Qanbīṭūr}}), also preceded by {{Transliteration|ar|Rudrīq}} or {{Transliteration|ar|Ludrīq}}, which are Arabized forms of his title and name, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |last=gigatos |date=2022-03-12 |title=El Cid |url= https://www.trenfo.com/en/history/biographies/el-cid |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=Trenfo.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230223071517/https://www.trenfo.com/en/history/biographies/el-cid |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The combination of ''Cid Campeador'' is documented from 1195 in {{lang|es|Linaje de Rodrigo Díaz}} ("The Lineage of Rodrigo Díaz") in Navarro-Aragonese, which form part of the {{lang|la|Liber regum}} written as {{lang|osp|mio Cit el Campiador}}; and in {{lang|osp|El Cantar de mio Cid}}.<ref>{{Citation |last=Deyermond |first=Alan |title=El Cantar de mio Cid y la épica anglosajona |date=2013 |work=Sonando van sus nuevas allent parte del mar |pages=217–226 |publisher=Presses universitaires du Midi |doi=10.4000/books.pumi.38431 |isbn=978-2912025852 |doi-access=free }}</ref>