View source for Mortlake

==History==
[[File:Temple of British Worthies Sir John Barnard.jpg|thumb|This is a contemporary bust of Sir [[John Barnard (British politician)|John Barnard]] who lived much of his adult life as MP in one of a few Georgian mansions built in Mortlake for London's upper class. It is kept at [[Stowe House]], Buckinghamshire.]]

The place-name 'Mortlake' is first attested in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, where it appears as ''Mortelaga'' and ''Mortelage'', a name with two possible derivations. If the second element is the [[Old English]] ''lacu'' meaning a stream, then the first element is very likely the fish-name ''mort'' meaning a young salmon, hence 'salmon stream'. If the second element is the dialect ''lag'' meaning a long, narrow marshy meadow, then the name means 'Morta's meadow'.<ref>[[Eilert Ekwall|Ekwall, Eilert]], ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names'', p.331.</ref>

Mortlake historically lay in the [[hundred (county subdivision)|hundred]] of [[Brixton]].<ref name = "Hundred">{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43023 |title=The hundred of Brixton: Introduction and map |editor=[[Henry Elliot Malden|Malden, H E]] |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |date=1912 |work=A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4 |access-date=21 December 2013 }}</ref>

According to the Domesday Book, the [[Manorialism|manor]] and [[parish]] of ''Mortlage'' <ref name="Lysons"/> was held by [[Lanfranc|Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury]] when its assets were: 25 [[hide (unit)|hides]]; 1 church, 2 [[Mill (grinding)|mills]] worth £5, 1 [[fishery]], 33 [[plough]]s, {{convert|20|acre|ha|0|abbr=off}} of [[meadow]], wood worth 55 [[hog (swine)|hogs]]. It rendered a large £38 plus 4[[shilling (British coin)|s]] 4d from 17 houses in [[London]], 2s 3d from houses in [[Southwark]] and £1 from tolls at [[Putney]] per year to its [[feudal system]] overlords.<ref name="Lysons">{{cite web | url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45385 | title=Mortlake | publisher=[[British History Online]] | work=The Environs of London: volume 1: County of Surrey | date=1792 | access-date=27 July 2013 | author=[[Daniel Lysons (antiquarian)|Lysons, Daniel]]}}</ref> The manor belonged to the [[Archbishop of Canterbury|Archbishops of Canterbury]] until the time of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], when it passed by exchange to the Crown. From the early part of the 17th century until after the [[English Civil War]], Mortlake was celebrated for the manufacture of [[tapestry]], founded during the reign of [[James VI and I|James I]] at the [[Mortlake Tapestry Works]].

Mortlake was reduced by {{convert|732|acre|ha|abbr=off}} when Richmond Park was created by [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] in 1637. Other parishes also lost smaller amounts of land to the new [[Deer park (England)|deer park]].<ref name="Brown 18">{{cite book | title=Barnes and Mortlake Past, with East Sheen | publisher=Historical Publications | author=Brown, Maisie | year=1997 | page=18 | isbn=0-948667-46-X}}</ref>

Colston House's forebear was built by [[Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex]] then acquired by [[Edward Colston]], major benefactor and investor to the port city of [[Bristol]]. This was pulled down in 1860. John Barber, Lord Mayor in 1733, a suspected Jacobite opposed to the 'Georgian' [[House of Hanover]] but Member of Parliament for the [[City of London (UK Parliament constituency)|City]] on the strength of his opposition to [[Robert Walpole|Walpole]]'s protectionist [[Excise Bill|excise scheme]], was buried in Mortlake in 1741. He had given land to extend the churchyard. Sir [[Henry Taylor (dramatist)|Henry Taylor]], [[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]], the dramatic poet, lived in Mortlake in the 19th century.<ref name=m/>

Sir [[John Barnard (British politician)|John Barnard]], [[Lord Mayor of London]] in the year 1737 and also an MP, used public addresses and private campaigns to outstanding effect in supporting the government against the Jacobite movement in 1745.<ref name=m/>

Since 1845, the [[Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race]] has had its finish point at Mortlake, marked by the [[University Boat Race Stones|University Boat Race stone]] just downstream of [[Chiswick Bridge]]. Several other important [[sport rowing|rowing]] races over the [[The Championship Course|Championship Course]] also either start or finish at the stone. The first National School in Mortlake was built providing compulsory education at primary level in 1869, followed by an infants school in 1890 and county level, into secondary level school in 1906. [[James Chuter Ede]] taught there in the years leading up to his election to [[Surrey County Council]] in 1914, when he became the leading figure in the development of education in Surrey; he eventually became [[Home Secretary]] throughout the [[Attlee]] administration.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hart |first=Stephen |title=James Chuter Ede: Humane Reformer and Politician |year=2021 |publisher=Pen & Sword |isbn=9781526783721}}</ref>

[[File:John Dee memorial plaque at S Mary the Virgin Mortlake.jpg|thumb|[[John Dee (mathematician)|John Dee]] memorial plaque in the church of [[St Mary the Virgin Mortlake]]]]
[[File:Sir Richard Burton's Tomb.jpg|thumb|[[Mausoleum of Sir Richard and Lady Burton|Sir Richard Burton's tomb]] at [[St Mary Magdalen Roman Catholic Church Mortlake|St Mary Magdalen's Roman Catholic Church]] cemetery]]