View source for Poales

===Evolution and phylogeny===
The earliest fossils attributed to the Poales date to the late [[Cretaceous]] period about {{period start|Paleogene}} million years ago, though some studies (e.g., Bremer, 2002) suggest the origin of the group may extend to nearly 115 million years ago, likely in [[South America]]. The earliest known fossils include [[pollen]] and fruits.

The phylogenetic position of Poales within the commelinids was difficult to resolve, but an analysis using complete [[chloroplast DNA]] found support for Poales as sister group of [[Commelinales]] plus [[Zingiberales]].<ref name="BarrettBaker2015">{{cite journal|last1=Barrett|first1=Craig F.|last2=Baker|first2=William J.|last3=Comer|first3=Jason R.|last4=Conran|first4=John G.|last5=Lahmeyer|first5=Sean C.|last6=Leebens-Mack|first6=James H.|last7=Li|first7=Jeff|last8=Lim|first8=Gwynne S.|last9=Mayfield-Jones|first9=Dustin R.|last10=Perez|first10=Leticia|last11=Medina|first11=Jesus|last12=Pires|first12=J. Chris|last13=Santos|first13=Cristian|last14=Wm. Stevenson|first14=Dennis|last15=Zomlefer|first15=Wendy B.|last16=Davis|first16=Jerrold I.|title=Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots|journal=New Phytologist|year=2015|pages=855–870|issn=0028-646X|doi=10.1111/nph.13617|volume=209|issue=2|pmid=26350789|doi-access=free}}</ref> Major lineages within the Poales have been referred to as [[Bromeliad clade|bromeliad]], [[Cyperid clade|cyperid]], [[Xyrid clade|xyrid]], [[Graminid clade|graminid]], and [[restiid clade]]s. A phylogenetic analysis resolved most relationships within the order but found weak support for the monophyly of the cyperid clade.<ref name="Bouchenak-KhelladiMuasya2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bouchenak-Khelladi|first1=Yanis|last2=Muasya|first2=A. Muthama|last3=Linder|first3=H. Peter|title=A revised evolutionary history of Poales: origins and diversification|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=175|issue=1|year=2014|pages=4–16|issn=0024-4074|doi=10.1111/boj.12160|doi-access=free}} {{open access}}</ref> The relationship between Centrolepidaceae and Restoniaceae within the restiid clade remains unclear; the first may actually be embedded in the latter.<ref name="Bouchenak-KhelladiMuasya2014"/><ref name="BriggsMarchant2014">{{cite journal|last1=Briggs|first1=Barbara G.|last2=Marchant|first2=Adam D.|last3=Perkins|first3=Andrew J.|title=Phylogeny of the restiid clade (Poales) and implications for the classification of Anarthriaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Australian Restionaceae|journal=Taxon|volume=63|issue=1|year=2014|pages=24–46|issn=0040-0262|doi=10.12705/631.1|bibcode=2014Taxon..63...24B }}</ref>

{{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:75%;width:600px;
|1={{clade
   |1=[[Commelinales]]
   |2=[[Zingiberales]]
   }}
|label2='''Poales'''
|2={{clade
  |label1=[[Bromeliad clade]]
  |1={{clade
     |1=[[Bromeliaceae]]
     |2=[[Typhaceae]]
     }}
  |2={{clade
    |1={{clade
       |label1=[[Cyperid clade]]
       |1={{clade
          |1={{clade
             |1=[[Mayacaceae]]
             |2=[[Rapateaceae]]
             }}
          |2={{clade
             |1=[[Thurniaceae]]
             |2={{clade
                |1=[[Cyperaceae]]
                |2=[[Juncaceae]]
                }}
             }}
          }}
       |2={{clade
          |label1=[[Xyrid clade]]
          |1={{clade
             |1=[[Eriocaulaceae]]
             |2=[[Xyridaceae]]
             }}
          |2={{clade
             |label1=[[Graminid clade]]
             |1={{clade
                |1=[[Flagellariaceae]]
                |2={{clade
                   |1=[[Poaceae]]
                   |2={{clade
                      |1=[[Ecdeiocoleaceae]]
                      |2=[[Joinvilleaceae]]
                      }}
                   }}
                }}
             |label2=[[Restiid clade]]
             |2={{clade
                |1=[[Anarthriaceae]]
                |2={{clade
                   |1=[[Centrolepidaceae]]|state1=dashed
                   |2=[[Restionaceae]]|state2=dashed
                   }}
                }}
             }}
          }}
       }}
     }}
  }}
}}