View source for Glasnost

==Outside the Soviet Union==
Gorbachev's policy of glasnost received mixed reception in communist states, especially outside the [[Eastern Bloc]].

===Support===
Glasnost had a trickle-down effect on Eastern Europe and led to democratic reforms, namely in Poland and Czech Republic.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2000-04-01 |title=Gorbachev's glasnost: the Soviet media in the first phase of perestroika |journal=Choice Reviews Online |volume=37 |issue=8 |pages=37–4301–37-4301 |doi=10.5860/choice.37-4301 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Glasnost and similar reforms were applied in the following communist states:
* Bulgaria<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/03/world/back-seat-for-glasnost-amid-bulgarian-drive.html | title=Back Seat for Glasnost Amid Bulgarian Drive | work=The New York Times | date=3 October 1987 | last1=Kamm | first1=Henry }}</ref>
* Czechoslovakia
* East Germany<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hager |first1=Kurt |title=Glasnost Comes to East Germany |journal=World Affairs |date=1990 |volume=152 |issue=4 |pages=198–207 |jstor=20672242 }}</ref>
* Hungary<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.afr.com/politics/hungary-jumps-gun-on-glasnost-19881206-k35a9 | title=Hungary Jumps Gun on Glasnost | date=6 December 1988 }}</ref>
* Mongolia<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P7598.html | title=Mongolia faces glasnost and perestroika | date=January 1989 | last1=Henze | first1=Paul B. }}</ref>
* Poland<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/gorbachevs-policy-openness-cheered-polish-leaders_19870224.html|title=GORBACHEV'S POLICY OF OPENNESS CHEERED BY POLISH LEADERS|date=24 February 1987|journal=The Journal of Commerce|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109235526/https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/gorbachevs-policy-openness-cheered-polish-leaders_19870224.html}}</ref>
* Vietnam (see [[đổi mới]])<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last1=Thu |first1=Huong Le |url=https://www.aspi.org.au/opinion/can-vietnams-doi-moi-reforms-be-inspiration-north-korea |title=Can Vietnam's Doi Moi Reforms Be an Inspiration for North Korea? &#124; Australian Strategic Policy Institute &#124; ASPI |access-date=9 November 2022 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109235514/https://www.aspi.org.au/opinion/can-vietnams-doi-moi-reforms-be-inspiration-north-korea |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Furthermore, in the socialist state of [[Yugoslavia]], similar reforms also existed, with the first major reforms beginning in [[Slovenia]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1988/0913/ociv2.html | title=Slovenes set reform pace. In Yugoslavia, there is a group for nearly every cause as activists test limits of one-party state | journal=Christian Science Monitor | date=13 September 1988 }}</ref>

===Opposition===
Glasnost or similar reforms were not applied in the following communist states:
* China
** In the 1980s, [[History of the People's Republic of China#Political reforms|political reforms]] were discussed, with some reforms being established in the [[Constitution of China#1982 constitution|1982 Constitution]]. Political reform ceased following the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre]], but strong non-Soviet-inspired liberal economic reforms took place including the [[Four Modernizations]] and [[Reform and opening up|Reform and Opening Up]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/chinas-gorbachev-phobia/ | title=China's Gorbachev phobia | date=2 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/a-glasnost-moment-unlikely-the-chinese-remember-what-happened-to-the-soviets-8943270.html | title=A glasnost moment? Unlikely. The Chinese remember what happened to the | website=[[Independent.co.uk]] | date=16 November 2013 }}</ref>
* Cuba
** Cuban officials rejected perestroika and glasnost, and instead pursued conservative economic reforms as part of the [[Rectification process|Rectification]] movement, which involved ending existing free market reforms, tightening nationalization, and [[Guevarism|promotion of Che Guevara]] as a moral example.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1987-12-16 |title=Glasnost in Havana : Openness Is Tried, but 'Reform' Awaits a Cuban Definition |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-12-16-me-19385-story.html |access-date=2026-05-13 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Laos
* North Korea<ref name="auto"/>
* Romania
** Reforms were opposed by [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=TISMANEANU |first1=VLADIMIR |title=Ceausescu Against Glasnost |journal=World Affairs |date=1987 |volume=150 |issue=3 |pages=199–203 |jstor=20672144 }}</ref>