View source for Toyota

===1960s–1970s===
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[[File:Toyota 2000GT 1968 (4120827306).jpg|thumb|[[Toyota 2000GT]] (1967–1969)]]

At the start of the 1960s, the Japanese economy was booming, a period that came to be known as the [[Japanese economic miracle]]. As the economy grew, so did the income of everyday people, who now could afford to purchase a vehicle. At the same time, the Japanese government heavily invested in improving road infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 2, Chapter 1, Section 2, Item 1: The High Rate of Economic Growth and Motorization |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/entering_the_automotive_business/chapter1/section2/item1.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} To take advantage of the moment, Toyota and other automakers started offering affordable economy cars like the [[Toyota Corolla]], which became [[List of best-selling automobiles|the world's all-time best-selling automobile]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Corolla |url=http://www.toyota.com/vehicles/2006/corolla/key_features/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620034142/http://www.toyota.com/vehicles/2006/corolla/key_features/history.html |archive-date=June 20, 2006 |access-date=March 20, 2013 |publisher=Toyota |location=USA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 2, Chapter 1, Section 3, Item 1: Corolla |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/entering_the_automotive_business/chapter1/section3/item1.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

Toyota also found success in the United States in 1965 with the [[Toyota Corona]] compact car, which was redesigned specifically for the American market with a more powerful engine. The Corona helped increase U.S. sales of Toyota vehicles to more than 20,000 units in 1966 (a threefold increase) and helped the company become the third-best-selling import brand in the United States by 1967. Toyota's first manufacturing investment in the United States came in 1972 when the company struck a deal with Atlas Fabricators, to produce truck beds in Long Beach, in an effort to avoid the 25% "[[chicken tax]]" on imported light trucks. By importing the truck as an incomplete [[chassis cab]] (the truck without a bed), the vehicle only faced a 4% tariff.<ref name="ending chicken2">{{Cite web |last=Ikenson |first=Daniel |date=June 18, 2003 |title=Ending the 'Chicken War': The Case for Abolishing the 25 Percent Truck Tariff |url=http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921113753/http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6806 |archive-date=September 21, 2011 |access-date=November 29, 2011 |website=The Cato Institute}}</ref> Once in the United States, Atlas would build the truck beds and attach them to the trucks. The partnership was successful and two years later, Toyota purchased Atlas.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Toyota's TABC Plant Celebrates 40 Years of Manufacturing in California |date=August 21, 2012 |url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/toyota-tabc-plant-celebrates-40-years-manufacturing-california/ |access-date=June 2, 2021 |website=[[Toyota Motor North America]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gardnerweb.com/articles/toyota-manufacturing-in-america-40-years-on |title=Toyota Manufacturing in America 40 Years On |last=Vasilash |first=Gary S. |date=August 23, 2012 |website=gardnerweb.com |publisher=Gardner Business Media |access-date=December 15, 2023 |quote=}}</ref>

In Southeast Asia, Toyota made efforts to establish domestic production in the Philippines and Indonesia in early 1970s. In the Philippines, it partnered with local company [[Delta Motors Corporation]]. Toyota assisted Delta Motors with capital procurement and technology transfers. In 1973, Delta Motors commenced operations at a new plant, beginning local production of engine blocks for the Toyota Corona [[Toyota R engine#12R|12R]] engine and other parts. In Indonesia, Toyota established [[Toyota Astra Motor]] as a joint venture with local partner [[Astra International]] in 1971, and conducted significant retooling at the PT Gaya Motor assembly plant. The plant began assembling various models, including the Toyota Corona, Toyota Land Cruiser, large trucks, and the Toyota Corolla, with production surpassing 10,000 vehicles by 1973. For both countries, Toyota developed a [[basic utility vehicle]] (BUV) with the local partners to meet local needs and support technology transfers, in response to domestic production policies in Asia. The first prototype of the BUV was completed in January 1975. The BUV was launched as the Toyota Tamaraw in the Philippines in December 1976, and as the [[Toyota Kijang]] in June 1977. The vehicle was well received in both countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Item 6. Reinforcement of Local Assembly Systems |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/entering_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section5/item6.html |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=Toyota Global}}</ref><ref name="Toy752">{{cite web |title=Overall Chronological Table: 1971-1980 |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/overall_chronological_table/1971.html |access-date=2014-01-18 |work=75 Years of Toyota |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Introduces BUV in the Philippines |url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/7595172 |access-date=2021-07-24 |website=Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website}}</ref>

The [[1970s energy crisis|energy crisis of the 1970s]] was a major turning point in the American auto industry. Before the crisis, large and heavy vehicles with powerful but inefficient engines were common. But in the years after, consumers started demanding high-quality and fuel-efficient small cars. Domestic automakers, in the midst of their [[malaise era]], struggled to build these cars profitably, but foreign automakers like Toyota were well positioned. This, along with growing [[Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States|anti-Japanese sentiment]], prompted the U.S. Congress to consider import restrictions to protect the domestic auto industry.

The 1960s also saw the slight opening of the Japanese auto market to foreign companies. In an effort to strengthen Japan's auto industry ahead of the market opening, Toyota purchased stakes in other Japanese automakers. That included a stake in [[Hino Motors]], a manufacturer of large commercial trucks, buses and diesel engines, along with a 16.8 percent stake in [[Daihatsu]], a manufacturer of [[kei car]]s, the smallest highway-legal passenger vehicles sold in Japan.<ref name="NYT1995">{{Cite news |last=Pollack |first=Andrew |date=September 21, 1995 |title=Toyota Doubles Its Holdings in Daihatsu Motor of Japan |work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/21/business/international-business-toyota-doubles-its-holdings-in-daihatsu-motor-of-japan.html |access-date=December 27, 2016}}</ref> That began what became a long-standing partnership between Toyota and the two companies.