View source for Kubera

==Beyond Hinduism==
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| image1 = Jambhala.jpg
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| caption1 = Jambhala, the Buddhist Kubera, depicted similar to Kubera
| image2 = Matanga Yaksha (God of Prosperity) Ellora Cave 32.jpg
| caption2 = Kubera on an elephant in the Jain caves of Ellora.
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| image3 = Stamp of Indonesia - 1963 - Colnect 260592 - National Banking Day.jpeg
| caption3 = Indonesia often uses Hindu symbolism, such as Daneswara or Kuwera, to symbolise bank and wealth
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Kubera is also recognized outside India and outside Hinduism. Kubera is a popular figure in Buddhist and Jain mythology.<ref name = "Britannica">Kubera.(2010). In Encyclopædia Britannica.  Retrieved July 08, 2010, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/324235/Kubera {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506144901/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/324235/Kubera |date=6 May 2015 }}</ref> The [[Oriental studies|orientalist]] Nagendra Kumar Singh remarked that, "Every [[Indian religion]] has a Kubera after the Hindu prototype."<ref name="jain"/>

=== Buddhism ===
{{see also|Jambhala|Vaiśravaṇa}}

Kubera is identified as the Buddhist Vaiśravaṇa (or Jambhala) and the Japanese Bishamon. The Buddhist Vaisravana, like the Hindu Kubera, is the regent of the North, a ''lokapala,'' and the Lord of yakshas. He is one of the [[Four Heavenly Kings]], who are each associated with a cardinal direction.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chaudhuri|first=Saroj Kumar|title=Hindu gods and goddesses in Japan  |year=2003|publisher=Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd|isbn=81-7936-009-1|chapter=Chapter 2: Vaisravana, the Heavenly King}}</ref> In Buddhist legends, Kubera is also equated with [[Pañcika]], whose wife [[Hariti]] is a symbol of abundance.<ref>Sutherland pp. 63–4, 66</ref> A. Getty comments that the iconography of Kubera and Pancika is so similar that in certain cases it is extremely difficult to distinguish between them.<ref name = "Thomas">{{cite book|last=Donaldson|first=Thomas E. |title=Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa|year=2001|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=81-7017-406-6|pages=329–30|chapter=Jambhala/Pancika}}</ref> The Japanese Bishamon, also known as Tamon-Ten,<ref name=biswas184/> is one of the [[Twelve Devas|Jūni-ten]] (十二天), a group of twelve Hindu deities adopted in Buddhism as guardian deities (''[[deva (Buddhism)|deva]]'' or ''ten'') who are found in or around Buddhist shrines. The Juni-Ten group of twelve deities were created by adding four deities to the older grouping of Happou-Ten, the eight guardians of the directions. Bishamon rules over the north, like his Hindu counterpart Kubera.<ref name=biswas184>S Biswas (2000), Art of Japan, Northern, {{ISBN|978-8172112691}}, page 184</ref><ref>[http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100031/000/000?mode=detail&d_lang=en Twelve Heavenly Deities (Devas)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201634/http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100031/000/000?mode=detail&d_lang=en |date=4 March 2016 }} Nara National Museum, Japan</ref><ref>[[Adrian Snodgrass]] (2007), The Symbolism of the Stupa, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120807815}}, pages 120–124, 298–300</ref>

=== Jainism ===
In Jainism, Kubera is the attendant yaksha of the 19th [[Tirthankar]] [[Mallinath]].<ref name="jain">{{cite book|editor=Nagendra Kumar Singh|title=Encyclopaedia of Jainism|volume=1|year=2001|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|isbn=81-261-0691-3|page=7280}}</ref> He is usually called ''Sarvanubhuti'' or ''Sarvahna'', and may be depicted with four faces, rainbow colours and eight arms. The [[Digambara]] sect of Jainism gives him six weapons and three heads, while the [[Śvetāmbara]]s portray him with four to six arms and numerous choices of weapons. However, his attributes such as the money bag and citron fruit are consistent. He may ride a man or an elephant.<ref name="jain"/><ref name = "Jose">{{cite book|last=Pereira|first= José|title=Monolithic Jinas The Iconography of the Jain Temples of Ellora|year=1977|publisher=Motilal Banarsidas|isbn=0-8426-1027-8|pages=60–1}}</ref> He is related to the Buddhist Jambhala rather than the Hindu Kubera.<ref name = "Jose"/>
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