View source for 2008

{{About year|2008}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Events by month|2008|prefix=Portal:Current events/}}
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*[[2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks|Terrorist attacks]] in [[Mumbai]] kill 166 people and injure more than 300 people;
*[[Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers|The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers]] occurs during the [[2008 financial crisis]] and [[Great Recession]]; it is also known as the climax of the crisis;
*The [[Russo-Georgian War]] took place between [[Russia]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]];
*[[2008 Sichuan earthquake|An earthquake in]] [[Sichuan]], [[China]] kills 88,000;
*The [[2008 Summer Olympics]] took place in [[Beijing]], [[China]];
*[[Cyclone Nargis]] kills 138,000 people in [[Myanmar]];
*The [[one million voices against FARC]] civic mobilizations in different parts of the world under the slogan {{lang|es|[[Colombia]] soy yo}};
*The [[Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill]], a major environmental disaster that occurred in [[Roane County, Tennessee]];
*The [[2008 Tibetan unrest]], a series of protests and demonstrations against Chinese rule in [[Tibet]].
}}
{{Year nav|2008}}
{{Year in various calendars|year=2008}}
{{C21 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|2008}}

2008 is designated as:
*[[International Year of Languages]]<ref name="Ow0tF" />
*[[International Year of Planet Earth]]<ref name="UN_ARES60192">{{UN document|docid=A-RES-60-192|type=Resolution|body=General Assembly|session=60|resolution_number=192|accessdate=2008-09-17|date=22 December 2005}}</ref>
*[[International Year of the Potato]]<ref name="UN_ARES60191_page1">{{UN document|docid=A-RES-60-191|type=Resolution|body=General Assembly|session=60|resolution_number=191|highlight=rect_230,647_688,680|page=1|accessdate=2007-11-18|date=22 December 2005|title=International Year of the Potato, 2008}}</ref>
*[[International Year of Sanitation]]<ref name="UN_ARES61192_page2">{{UN document|docid=A-RES-61-192|type=Resolution|body=General Assembly|session=61|resolution_number=192|highlight=rect_220,490_733,518|page=2|accessdate=2007-11-13|date=20 December 2006}}</ref>

The [[Great Recession]], a worldwide recession which began in [[2007]], continued through the entirety of 2008.
{{TOC limit|2}}

== Population ==
The [[world population]] on January 1, 2008 was estimated to be 6.801&nbsp;billion people and increased to 6.888&nbsp;billion people by January 1, 2009.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2024}} An estimated 141.8&nbsp;million births and 54.0&nbsp;million deaths took place in 2008.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2024}} The average global [[life expectancy]] was 69.3 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2007.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2024}} The estimated number of global refugees decreased from 11.4&nbsp;million to 10.5&nbsp;million by the end of the year.{{Sfn|UN High Commissioner for Refugees|2009|p=8}} The largest sources of refugees were Afghanistan with 2.8&nbsp;million people and Iraq with 1.9&nbsp;million people.{{Sfn|UN High Commissioner for Refugees|2009|p=9}}

== Conflicts ==
{{Main category|Conflicts in 2008}}
There were 37 conflicts in 2008 that resulted in at least 25 fatalities, five of which resulted in at least 1,000 fatalities: the [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)|Iraqi insurgency]], the [[Taliban insurgency]], conflict with the [[Pakistani Taliban]], [[Eelam War IV]] in Sri Lanka, and the [[Somali Civil War]].{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|pp=577, 579, 583–586}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harbom |first1=Lotta |last2=Wallensteen |first2=Peter |date=2010 |title=Armed Conflicts, 1946-2009 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20752204 |journal=[[Journal of Peace Research]] |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=501–509 |doi=10.1177/0022343310376887 |jstor=20752204 |issn=0022-3433|url-access=subscription }}</ref><!--The 2010 source contains an update increasing the number of conflicts from 36 to 37.--> [[Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict|A border conflict]] broke out for two days between Djibouti and Eritrea, ending with Eritrean occupation of the disputed area, [[Ras Doumeira]]. This was the first conflict in four years where two sovereign states fought each other directly.{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|p=579}} The [[Russo-Georgian War]] occurred in August when Georgia engaged in warfare with the breakaway state South Ossetia following a series of skirmishes. Russia backed South Ossetia and sent 10,000 soldiers into the fight, progressing further into Georgia until a ceasefire was established.{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|pp=580–581}} Two separatist rebel groups escalated conflict in India: [[Dima Halam Daogah]] sought a [[Dimasa people|Dimasa]] state and the [[United National Liberation Front]] sought a [[Manipur]]i state.{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|p=581}} Ten armed militants, claimed by the Pakistani organization [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], [[2008 Mumbai attacks|captured several targets]] in [[Mumbai]] on November 26, and battles with Indian soldiers led to approximately 160 deaths.{{Sfn|Podelco|2008}}

Peace talks were held between Uganda and the [[Lord's Resistance Army]] (LRA) to end [[Lord's Resistance Army insurgency|the LRA's insurgency]], but LRA leader [[Joseph Kony]] refused to attend a final peace agreement and government operations against the LRA resumed in December.{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|pp=580, 582}} Peace talks were also held for the [[Central African Bush War]] and the [[Somali Civil War]], but rebels were unable to reach final agreements in these conflicts. The [[National Forces of Liberation]] resumed its insurgency in Burundi when peace talks collapsed in January, but a ceasefire was established in December. Progress was made toward peace in the [[First Ivorian Civil War]] with preparations to integrate the [[Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire]] into the Ivorian military.{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|p=580}}

== Culture ==
{{Main|2008 in film|2008 in music|2008 in video games|2008 in sports}}

The highest-grossing film globally in 2008 was ''[[The Dark Knight]]'', followed by ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]'' and ''[[Kung Fu Panda (film)|Kung Fu Panda]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2008 Worldwide Box Office |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2008/ |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> The best-selling album globally in 2008 was ''[[Viva La Vida Or Death And All His Friends]]'' by [[Coldplay]], followed by ''[[Black Ice (album)|Black Ice]]'' by [[AC/DC]] and ''[[Mamma Mia! The Movie Soundtrack]]''.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.musicaememoria.com/docs/IFPI-top50-2008.pdf |title=Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2008 |date=2008 |publisher=IFPI}}</ref> Most popular video games that were released in the year of 2008 were ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl|Super Smash Bros Brawl]]'', ''[[Mario Kart Wii]]'',  ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]],'' ''and [[Fallout 3]]''.

The [[2008 Summer Olympics]] were held in [[Beijing]], making them the first [[Olympic Games]] to take place in China.{{Sfn|Podelco|2008}}

== Economy ==
{{Main category|2008 in economic history}}
The economy underwent [[2008 financial crisis|a global financial crisis]] in 2008 following the American [[subprime mortgage crisis]] from the previous year, [[Great Recession|causing the worst recession]] since the [[Great Depression]]. The economy was affected by [[bank failure]]s, [[stock market crash]]es, and [[credit freeze]]s.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009|p=iii}} A dramatic escalation in September prompted international efforts to restore [[consumer confidence]] and resolve credit freezes. Measures such as [[bailout]]s for financial institutions and [[liquidity injection]]s were implemented throughout the year.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009|pp=v–vi}} [[Banking in Iceland]] collapsed in October.{{Sfn|Podelco|2008}}

[[Gross world product]] increased by approximately 2.5% in 2008.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009|p=iii}} [[International trade]] grew by 4.3%, slowing from the 6.4% growth in 2007. Commodity prices continued their [[2000s commodities boom|previous upward trajectory]] until halfway into the year when they dropped sharply. The [[price of oil]] was especially affected with its 60% drop.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009|p=vi}}

The [[Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus]] was held in November and December in [[Doha]] to continue talks on global economic reform.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009|p=xiv}}

== Environment and weather ==
{{Main|2008 in the environment|Weather of 2008}}

The year 2008 was the eighth hottest year on record, tied with [[2001]]. The year began with a [[La Niña]] that continued from late [[2007]], with unusually cold temperatures occurring the Middle East, central Asia, and China. Australia had its warmest January on record, followed by a heat wave in South Australia later in March. The year had above average precipitation, with [[Guangzhou]], [[Hong Kong]], and [[Macau]] experiencing their wettest month on record in June. A severe drought persisted in central South America from January until September.{{Sfn|NOAA|2009}} Approximately 87,500 people were killed by [[2008 Sichuan earthquake|a magnitude 7.9 earthquake]] in [[Sichuan]], China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline: World's deadliest earthquakes since 2000 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/6/the-worlds-deadliest-earthquakes-since-2000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005031552/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/6/the-worlds-deadliest-earthquakes-since-2000 |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref>

The [[2008 Atlantic hurricane season]] was more intense than usual due to La Ninã earlier in the year combined with above average [[sea surface temperature]]s. There were sixteen tropical storms, including eight hurricanes.{{Sfn|Brown et al.|2010|p=1975}} The year's [[major hurricane]]s were [[Hurricane Gustav]], [[Hurricane Ike]], [[Hurricane Paloma]], [[Hurricane Omar]], and [[Hurricane Bertha (2008)|Hurricane Bertha]].{{Sfn|Brown et al.|2010|p=1977}} The [[2008 Pacific typhoon season]] was less intense than usual with the fourth lowest [[accumulated cyclone energy]] index on record. There were twenty-six tropical cyclones, including twelve typhoons.{{Sfn|Lea|Saunders|2009|p=1}} The year's intense typhoons were [[Typhoon Jangmi (2008)|Typhoon Jangmi]], [[Typhoon Rammasun (2008)|Typhoon Rammasun]], [[Typhoon Nakri (2008)|Typhoon Nakri]], [[Typhoon Sinlaku (2008)|Typhoon Sinlaku]], and [[Typhoon Hagupit (2008)|Typhoon Hagupit]].{{Sfn|Lea|Saunders|2009|p=2}} The tropical cyclones caused severe floods and landslides in the Philippines and southern China.{{Sfn|NOAA|2009}} The season was the first since 1984 where no tropical cyclones made landfall in Japan.{{Sfn|Lea|Saunders|2009|p=1}}

== Health ==
{{Main category|2008 in health}}
[[2007–2008 world food price crisis|An ongoing food price crisis]] meant that there were nearly one billion undernourished people in the world.{{Sfn|Podelco|2008}} [[2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak|An outbreak]] of [[salmonella]] occurred in the United States after the importation of contaminated peppers. Baby formula in China was mixed with [[melamine]] as a cost-cutting measure, [[2008 Chinese milk scandal|affecting thousands of infants]]. Two first-time [[trachea transplant]]s occurred in 2008; one used a woman's own stem cells to prevent [[transplant rejection]], and one using a trachea donated from a deceased human.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Park |first=Madison |title=The top health stories of 2008 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/12/26/year.review.health/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712024124/https://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/12/26/year.review.health/ |archive-date=July 12, 2012 |website=CNN}}</ref>

== Politics and law ==
{{Main category|2008 in politics}}
The global financial crisis dominated the political world in 2008, and [[2008 G20 Washington summit|a summit]] was held by the [[G20]] in November.{{Sfn|Podelco|2008}}

[[Barack Obama]] was elected president of the United States in November. [[Dmitry Medvedev]] was elected president of Russia in March, but his predecessor [[Vladimir Putin]] retained power through the office of prime minister. The Russo-Georgian War negatively affected [[Foreign relations of Russia|Russian relations]] with the Western world. During the conflict, it recognized [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] as independent countries from Georgia. Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on February 17; Serbia did not recognize Kosovo's independence, but it received support and recognition from many Western countries. The [[European Union]] initiated the [[EULEX]] mission to assist in a stable transition to independence.{{Sfn|Podelco|2008}}

Former Bosnian politician [[Radovan Karadžić]] was captured and [[Trial of Radovan Karadžić|put on trial]] for his involvement in the [[Bosnian genocide]].{{Sfn|Podelco|2008}}

== Events ==

===January===
* [[January 1]] – [[Cyprus]] and [[Malta]] adopt the [[euro]] currency.<ref name="vgEan" /><ref name="qxkbC" />
* [[January 14]] – At 19:04:39 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]], the uncrewed [[MESSENGER]] [[space probe]] is at its closest approach during its first flyby of the planet [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]].<ref name="45JNK" />
* [[January 21]]
**Stock markets around the world plunge amid growing fears of a [[Great Recession in the United States|U.S. Great Recession]], fueled by the 2007 [[subprime mortgage crisis]].<ref name="UdyTv" />
**[[Online activist]] group [[Anonymous (hacker group)|Anonymous]] initiates [[Project Chanology]], after a [[News leak|leaked interview]] of [[Tom Cruise]] by the [[Church of Scientology]] is published on [[YouTube]], and the Church of Scientology issued a [[DMCA takedown|"copyright infringement" claim]]. In response, Anonymous sympathizers took to the streets to [[protest]] outside the church (after February 10), while the church's websites and centres were getting [[Denial-of-service attack|DoS attacks]], [[Prank call|phone line nukes]], and [[black fax]]es.<ref name="muTyR" /><ref name="LwGGz" />
<!-- Heath Ledger is already listed under *DEATHS* for this date, do not double list him here under *EVENTS* -->
* [[January 24]] – A peace deal is signed in [[Goma]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], ending the [[Kivu conflict]].<ref name="cAfgG" />

===February===
* [[February 4]] – Civic mobilizations in [[Colombia]] against [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia|FARC]], under the name ''[[One million voices against FARC]]''.<ref name=tiempo>{{cite web |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-3945957 |title=Marcha contra las Farc, mayor movilización en la historia del país |access-date=March 22, 2023 |last= |first= |date=February 4, 2008 |work=El Tiempo |publisher=Casa Editorial El Tiempo |location=Bogotá |language=Spanish |quote= |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322193642/https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-3945957 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[February 14]] –  A [[Belavia]] CRJ-100 [[Belavia Flight 1834|crash lands]] at [[Zvartnots International Airport]] in Yerevan, Armenia. 7 people are injured.
* [[February 17]] – [[Kosovo]] formally [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declares independence]] from [[Serbia]], to a mixed response from the international community.<ref name="4ZgIr" /><ref name="bKUR8" />
*[[February 18]] – [[WikiLeaks]] releases [[allegation]]s of [[Tax evasion|illegal activities]] carried out by the [[Cayman Islands]] branch of [[Swiss banking]] corporation [[Julius Baer Group|Julius Baer]]; a subsequent [[Bank Julius Baer v. WikiLeaks|lawsuit against WikiLeaks]] prompts a [[Web domain|temporary suspension]] of the website, but uproar about violations of [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|freedom of speech]] causes WikiLeaks to be brought back online.<ref name="UHHp2" /><ref name="L7ZF1" />

===March===
* [[March 2]] – [[Venezuela]] and [[Ecuador]] [[2008 Andean diplomatic crisis|move troops to the Colombian border]], following a Colombian raid against [[FARC]] guerrillas inside Ecuadorian territory, in which senior commander [[Raúl Reyes]] is killed.<ref name="2V4dj" /><ref name="WUuhE" />
* [[March 8]] – [[Barisan Nasional]] loses [[Supermajority|two-thirds majority]], for the first time since [[1969 Malaysian general election|1969]], to opposition during the [[2008 Malaysian general election]] but still retains control of government. The coalition also loses [[State legislative assemblies of Malaysia|majority control]] of five states to the opposition.<ref name="setback">{{cite news |date=2008-03-08 |title=Election setback for Malaysia PM |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7284682.stm |access-date=2024-06-05 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
* [[March 9]] – The first [[European Space Agency]] [[Automated Transfer Vehicle]], a cargo spacecraft for the [[International Space Station]], launches from [[Guiana Space Centre]] in [[French Guiana]].<ref name="zmjBL" />
* [[March 10]] – [[2008 Tibetan unrest|Protests in Tibet]] against China's treatment of [[Tibetans]] begin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-03-14 |title=Tibet protests |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2008/mar/14/1 |access-date=2025-07-23 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-03-16 |title=Tibetan riots spread outside region |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/16/world/asia/16iht-tibet.1.11134870.html |access-date=2025-07-23 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*[[19 March|March 19]] – An [[Energy]] release of a [[Gamma-ray burst]] called the [[GRB 080319B]] is the [[Brightness|brightest]] event ever recorded in the [[Universe]].<ref name="09YRh" />
* [[March 24]] – [[Bhutan]] holds its [[2008 Bhutanese National Assembly election|first-ever general elections]] following the adoption of a new [[Constitution of Bhutan|Constitution]] which changed the country from an [[absolute monarchy]] to a multiparty democracy.<ref name="a339d" />
* [[March 25]] – [[African Union]] and [[Comoros]] forces [[2008 invasion of Anjouan|invade]] the rebel-held island of [[Anjouan]], returning the island to Comorian control.<ref name="zp1Ze" />

===April===
* [[April 19]] – The [[Quito Ultratumba nightclub fire]] in [[Quito]], [[Ecuador]], kills 19 people and injures at least 24 more.<ref name=":25">{{Cite news |date=2008|title=Incendio trágico en The Factory|url=http://www.expreso.ec/html/hechos088.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502145350/http://www.expreso.ec/html/hechos088.asp|archive-date=May 2, 2010|access-date=January 22, 2025|work=Diario Expreso}}</ref>
* [[April 29]] – ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]]'' is released worldwide, selling over 3.6 million units and earning $310 million during the first day, becoming not only the highest grossing video game release of all time, but also the highest grossing entertainment product release ever.<ref>{{Cite web |author=I. G. N. Staff |date=2008-05-13 |title=Grand Theft Auto IV Breaks Guinness World Records with Biggest Entertainment Release of All-Time |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/13/grand-theft-auto-iv-breaks-guinness-world-records-with-biggest-entertainment-release-of-all-time |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref>

===May===
* [[May 2]] – ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'' is released in theaters, starting the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]].
* [[May 3]] – [[Cyclone Nargis]] passes through [[Myanmar]], killing more than 138,000 people.<ref name="n1gHV" />
* [[May 12]]
** An earthquake measuring 7.9 on the [[moment magnitude scale]] [[2008 Sichuan earthquake|strikes Sichuan, China]], killing an estimated 87,000 people.<ref name="qTiUB" />
** The mummified body of [[Death of Hedviga Golik|Hedviga Golik]] is found in her apartment in [[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]] 42 years after her death.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Panić |first1=Velibor |last2=Vlašić |first2=Boris |date=2008-05-13 |title=Ležala mrtva u stanu 35 godina! |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/naslovnica/lezala-mrtva-u-stanu-35-godina-3931044 |newspaper=[[Jutarnji list]] |language=hr |archive-date=2025-02-24 |access-date=2025-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224235733/https://www.jutarnji.hr/naslovnica/lezala-mrtva-u-stanu-35-godina-3931044 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman's Body Found In Her Apartment 42 Years After She Died |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2008/05/16/womans-body-found-in-her-apartment-42-years-after-she-died/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=CityNews Toronto |date=May 16, 2008 |archive-date=2023-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103221043/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2008/05/16/womans-body-found-in-her-apartment-42-years-after-she-died/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[May 20]]–[[May 24|24]] – The [[Eurovision Song Contest 2008]] takes place in [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]], and is won by [[Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008|Russian]] entrant [[Dima Bilan]] with the song "[[Believe (Dima Bilan song)|Believe]]".
* [[May 21]]
** [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] wins their third [[UEFA European Cup|European Cup]] and second [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] after they beat [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] in the first all-English final in the history of the competition. Manchester United won the match 6–5 on penalties, following a 1–1 draw after extra time.
** The [[Union of South American Nations]], an intergovernmental organization between states in [[South America]], is founded.<ref name="ammdU" />
** The [[International Court of Justice]] awards [[Middle Rocks]] to [[Malaysia]] and [[Pedra Branca, Singapore|Pedra Branca]] to [[Singapore]], ending a 29-year [[Pedra Branca dispute|territorial dispute]] between the two countries.<ref name="xu7ho" />
* [[May 25]] – [[NASA]]'s uncrewed [[Phoenix (spacecraft)|''Phoenix'']] spacecraft becomes the first to land on the northern polar region of [[Mars]].<ref name="Gltzt" />
* [[May 28]] – The [[2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|Legislature Parliament of Nepal]] votes overwhelmingly in favor of abolishing the country's [[King of Nepal|240-year-old monarchy]], turning the country into a republic.<ref name="VCANV" />
* [[May 30]] – International [[Convention on Cluster Munitions]] is adopted in Dublin.<ref name="cluster" />

===June===
* [[June 7]]–[[June 29|29]] – [[Austria]] and [[Switzerland]] jointly host the [[UEFA Euro 2008]] football tournament, which is won by [[Spain national football team|Spain]].
* [[June 11]]
** The [[Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope]] is launched.<ref name="PDVLU" />
** Canadian Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]] formally apologizes, on behalf of the Canadian government, to the country's [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] for the [[Canadian Indian residential school system]].<ref name="oFlGQ" />
* [[June 14]] – [[Expo 2008]] opens in [[Zaragoza]], Spain, lasting to September 14, with the topic "Water and sustainable development".<ref name="jPCeD" />
* [[June 14]] – A [[2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake|6.9 magnitude earthquake]] in [[Iwate Prefecture]], [[Japan]], kills 12 and injures more than 400.<ref name="USGS">{{cite news |date=2008-06-14 |title=Magnitude 6.9 - EASTERN HONSHU, JAPAN |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2008/us2008tfdp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922141641/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2008/us2008tfdp/ |archive-date=2008-09-22 |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 21]] – The ''[[MV Princess of the Stars|Princess of the Stars]]'', a passenger ferry owned by Filipino shipping company [[Sulpicio Lines]], capsizes and sinks off the coast of [[San Fernando, Romblon]], at the height of [[Typhoon Fengshen]], resulting in 814 deaths.<ref>{{cite news |date=2008-06-23 |title=Hundreds missing in ferry tragedy |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7468493.stm |access-date=2026-02-20 |publisher=BBC News |language=en}}</ref>

===July===
* [[July 1]] – [[2008 riot in Mongolia|Riots erupt in Mongolia]] in response to allegations of fraud surrounding the 2008 legislative elections.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-07-03 |title=Mongolia Enforces Martial Law in Capital Amid Political Unrest |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/03/world/asia/03mongolia.html |access-date=2022-09-10 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* [[July 2]] – [[Íngrid Betancourt]] and 14 other hostages are [[Operation Jaque|rescued]] from [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia|FARC]] rebels by [[Colombia]]n security forces.<ref name="rQFjN" />
* [[July 10]] – [[Apple Inc.]] launches the [[App Store (Apple)|App Store]] with 500 apps available at launch.<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple's App Store launches with more than 500 apps |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/08/07/10/apples_app_store_launches_with_more_than_500_apps |website=AppleInsider |date=July 10, 2008 |access-date=March 31, 2017 |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401055207/http://appleinsider.com/articles/08/07/10/apples_app_store_launches_with_more_than_500_apps |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[July 11]] – [[South Korea]] suspends all trips to [[North Korea]]'s [[Mount Kumgang]] after a 53-year-old South Korean tourist is shot and killed by a North Korean sentry.<ref name="bbc march 2010" />
* [[July 21]] – [[Radovan Karadžić]], the first president of the [[Republika Srpska]], is arrested in [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]], on allegations of war crimes, following a 12-year-long [[Manhunt (law enforcement)|manhunt]].<ref name="7KMHp" />

===August===
*[[August 1]]
** India and United States sign the historic [[India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement|Civil Nuclear deal]].
** Eleven mountaineers from international expeditions die on [[K2]], the second-highest mountain on Earth, in the [[2008 K2 disaster|worst single accident]] in the history of K2 mountaineering.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowley |first=Graham |date=2010-11-13 |title=K2 tragedy: 'We had no body, no funeral, no farewell ...' |url=https://theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/nov/13/k2-accident-himalayas-climbers-families |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
* [[August 6]] – President [[Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi]] of [[Mauritania]] is deposed in a [[2008 Mauritanian coup d'état|military coup d'état]].<ref name="nuVDF" />
* [[August 7]] – [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] intervenes against Russian-backed separatists in its [[South Ossetia|South-Ossetia]] and [[Abkhazia]] regions, causing [[Russia]] to invade Georgia and spark the [[Russo-Georgian War|Russo-Georgian war]], the first major European land war of the 21st century.
* [[August 8]]–[[August 24|24]] – The [[2008 Summer Olympics]] take place in [[Beijing]], China.<ref name="zc8qK" />
* [[August 20]] – [[Spanair Flight 5022]] crashes at [[Madrid–Barajas Airport]], killing 154 people on board.

===September===
* [[September 5]] – [[Quentin Bryce]] becomes the first female [[Governor-General of Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.gov.au/biography-honourable-dame-quentin-bryce-ad-cvo| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819144932/https://www.gg.gov.au/biography-honourable-dame-quentin-bryce-ad-cvo| archive-date=2021-08-19|title=Biography – The Honourable Dame Quentin Bryce AD CVO|website=The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=August 19, 2021}}</ref>
* [[September 10]] – The [[proton beam]] is circulated for the first time in the [[Large Hadron Collider]], the [[List of accelerators in particle physics#Hadron colliders|world's largest and highest-energy]] [[particle accelerator]], located at [[CERN]], near [[Geneva]], under the Franco-Swiss border.<ref name="JdQh8" /><ref name="1tfei" />
* [[September 12]] – A [[2008 Chatsworth train collision|train collision]] occurred in [[Chatsworth, California]], when a [[Metrolink (California)|Metrolink]] train and [[Union Pacific]] local collided head-on.
* [[September 13]] –  [[Hurricane Ike]] makes landfall as a category 2 hurricane in [[Texas]], killing 113 and causing over $30 billion in damages.
* [[September 15]] – [[2008 financial crisis]]: Stocks fall sharply Monday on a triptych of Wall Street woe: [[Lehman Brothers]]' bankruptcy filing, [[Merrill Lynch]]'s acquisition by [[Bank of America]], and [[American International Group|AIG]]'s unprecedented request for short-term financing from the [[Federal Reserve]].<ref name="VxePx" />
* [[September 16]] – The first two ten-million-digit primes, M<sub>43,112,609</sub> and M<sub>37,156,667</sub>, discovered on August 23 and September 6, respectively, are officially revealed. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mersenne.org/primes/?press=M43112609|title=GIMPS Discovers 45th and 46th Mersenne Primes: Titanic Primes Raced to Win $100,000 Research Award|date=September 16, 2008}}</ref>
* [[September 20]] – A [[Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing|suicide truck bomb explosion]] destroys the [[Marriott International|Marriott Hotel]] in [[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]], killing at least 54 and injuring 266.<ref name="mk4OZ" /><ref name="XWUWx" /><ref name="3fIg2" /> 
* [[September 23]] – [[HTC Dream]], the first smartphone powered by [[Android (operating system)|Android]], was launched.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Jacqui |date=2008-09-23 |title=T-Mobile, Google finally unveil the first Android phone |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2008/09/t-mobile-google-finally-unveil-the-first-android-phone/ |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sholtz |first=Matthew |date=2024-09-23 |title=This day in tech: The HTC Dream was revealed as the first Android phone |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/thread/this-day-in-tech-htc-dream-revealed-to-the-masses/ |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Android Police |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 27]] - The Professional Bounceball Association's first Final Cup game ended with the Penguards defeating the Rams with a final score of 32–29.
* [[September 28]] – [[SpaceX]] [[Falcon 1]] becomes the world's first privately developed [[Launch vehicle|space launch vehicle]] to successfully [[Falcon 1 Flight 4|make orbit]].<ref name="bUbIg" /><ref name="mJgTp" />

===October===
* [[October 3]] – [[2008 financial crisis]]: [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[George W. Bush]] signs the revised [[Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008|Emergency Economic Stabilization Act]] into law, creating a [[Troubled Asset Relief Program|700 billion dollar Treasury fund]] to purchase failing bank [[asset]]s.<ref name="Associated Press-Raum-2008-10-03" />
* [[October 6]] – A controversial [[Peruvian]] tape regarding a [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[oil company]] causes the [[2008 Peru oil scandal]], sparking [[protest]]s which cause [[Jorge del Castillo|Jorge de Castillo]] to [[Resignation|resign from office]].<ref name="s5fxV" /><ref name="4KSLa" /><ref name="1X31j" /><ref name="1xnhk" />
* [[October 13]] – Microsoft announces the name Windows 7 to the public.
* [[October 21]] – The [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC) is officially [[Inauguration|inaugurated]] at [[Geneva]].<ref name="lgOCn" /><ref name="exux6" /><ref name="j2gWy" /><ref name="tnapI" />
* [[October 22]] – The [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation]] successfully launches the [[Chandrayaan-1]] spacecraft on a [[Exploration of the Moon|lunar exploration]] mission.<ref name="1wmbS" /><ref name="hLQzh" />
* [[October 30]] – [[2008 Vietnam floods|Floods]] affected in [[Northern Vietnam]] and [[Central Vietnam]] and lasted 5 days causing flooding in many [[Provinces of Vietnam|provinces]] and [[Municipalities of Vietnam|cities]].
* October
** The [[Easyswap]] on-line local exchange trading system (LETS) website is officially launched in Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news|last=Monnier|first=Philippe D.|title=Le troc remis au goût du jour|url=http://www.pme.ch/de/artikelanzeige/artikelanzeige.asp?pkBerichtNr=177504|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906050925/http://www.pme.ch/de/artikelanzeige/artikelanzeige.asp?pkBerichtNr=177504|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 6, 2012|accessdate=17 January 2012|newspaper=PME Magazine|date=February 27, 2009}}</ref>

===November===
*[[November 1]] – [[Satoshi Nakamoto]] publishes "[[Bitcoin]]: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System".<ref name="uHmQu" />
*[[November 2]] – In a race won by [[Brazil]]ian driver [[Felipe Massa]], [[United Kingdom|British driver]] [[Lewis Hamilton]] ends in 5th place in [[2008 Brazilian Grand Prix]] and becomes the first [[Black people|black]] driver to win the [[Formula One]] World Championship, and the second youngest driver to achieve the feat at the age of 23.
*[[November 4]] – [[2008 United States presidential election]]: [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] U.S. Senator [[Barack Obama]] defeats [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidate [[John McCain]] and is elected the 44th [[President of the United States]], making him the first [[African Americans|African-American]] to be elected to the office.<ref name="4bO8c" /><ref name="ES3XU" /><ref name="os5oq" />
*[[November 19]] – Claudia Castillo of Spain becomes the first person to have a successful [[trachea]] [[Organ transplant|transplant]] using a [[Tissue engineering|tissue-engineered]] [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]].<ref name="aVL5l" />
* [[November 20]] – The [[Buzzard Coulee meteorite]] falls in [[Saskatchewan]]. Reported to be 5 times brighter than the full moon and is seen in Alberta, Manitoba, and even North Dakota.
* [[November 26]]–[[November 29|29]] – Ten terrorists of the [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], a Pakistan-based terror group, carry out four days of coordinated bombing and shooting [[2008 Mumbai attacks|attacks]] across [[Mumbai]], killing 166 people. One terrorist, [[Ajmal Kasab]], was captured alive and executed in 2012.<ref name="Mumbai" />
* [[November 27]] – [[XL Airways Germany Flight 888T]]. An [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320]] due to be redelivered to [[Air New Zealand]] stalls and crashes over [[Mediterranean Sea]]  resulting the deaths of 7
* [[November 30]] - [[İzmir Wildlife Park]] has opened.

===December===
*[[December 6]] – The [[Murder of Alexandros Grigoropoulos|police shooting of 15-year-old Alexandros Grigoropulos]] lead to [[2008 Greek riots|riots across Greece]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-12-09 |title=Protests as Athens funeral held |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7772645.stm |access-date=2025-11-12 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[December 10]] – The [[Channel Islands|Channel Island]] of [[Sark]], a British [[Crown Dependencies|Crown dependency]], holds its [[2008 Sark general election|first fully democratic elections]] under a new constitutional arrangement, becoming the last European territory to abolish [[feudalism]].<ref name="jGiwP" />
*[[December 11]] – [[Bernie Madoff|Bernard Madoff]] is arrested for [[securities fraud]] after he was turned in by his sons for operating the largest [[Ponzi scheme]] in history, later known as the [[Madoff investment scandal]].
*[[December 18]] –  The [[International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda]] finds [[Théoneste Bagosora]] and two other senior Rwandan army officers guilty of [[genocide]], [[crimes against humanity]] and [[war crime]]s and sentences them to [[life imprisonment]] for their role in the [[Rwandan genocide]].<ref name="o0EEh" />
* [[December 22]] – An ash dike [[Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill|ruptured]] at a solid waste containment area for a [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] [[Kingston Fossil Plant|coal-fired power plant]] in [[Roane County, Tennessee]], releasing {{convert|1.1|e9USgal|e6m3|order=flip|abbr=unit}} of [[coal fly ash]] [[slurry]] in the largest industrial spill in U.S. history.<ref name=natgeo19>{{cite news |last=Bourne |first=Joel K. |date=February 19, 2019 |title=Coal's other dark side: Toxic ash that can poison water, destroy life and toxify people |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/02/coal-other-dark-side-toxic-ash |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219140212/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/02/coal-other-dark-side-toxic-ash/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 19, 2019 |work=National Geographic |access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref>
*[[December 23]] – A [[2008 Guinean coup d'état|military coup d'état]] deposes the government of [[Guinea]] shortly after the death of longtime [[List of presidents of Guinea|President]] [[Lansana Conté]].<ref name="S5uh2" />
*[[December 27]] – Israel [[Gaza War (2008–2009)|invades]] the [[Gaza Strip]], in response to rockets being fired into Israeli territory by [[Hamas]], and due to weapons being smuggled into the area.<ref name="47sj5" /><ref name="xKVxz" /><ref name="guardian.co.uk" />
*[[December 31]] – An extra [[leap second]] (23:59:60) is added to end of the year. The last time this occurred was in [[2005]].

=== Date unknown ===
*[[European Certification and Qualification Association]] is founded.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Messnarz |first1=Richard |last2=and |first2=others |title=The Architecture of the ECQA – European Certification and Qualification Association |url=https://www.etcaats.eu/resources/2_chapter1-part2-eu-certificates-architecture-v3a.pdf?i=etcaats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524160301/https://www.etcaats.eu/resources/2_chapter1-part2-eu-certificates-architecture-v3a.pdf?i=etcaats |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=ETCAATS}}</ref>
*[[National Disaster Recovery Fund]], a disaster management fund is established by the [[Government of Jamaica]].<ref name="Diaspora">{{cite web |url= http://jamaicandiaspora.gov.jm/diaspora/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=14&Itemid=28&limit=5&limitstart=5 |title= US-Based Jamaicans Urged to Support National Disaster Recovery Fund |publisher= The Jamaican Diaspora |date= September 2008 |accessdate= April 17, 2009 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722070709/http://jamaicandiaspora.gov.jm/diaspora/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=14&Itemid=28&limit=5&limitstart=5 |archivedate= July 22, 2011 }}</ref>

== Births and deaths ==
{{Main|Category:2008 births|Deaths in 2008}}

== Nobel Prizes ==
[[File:Nobel medal.png|right|120px]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Martin Chalfie]], [[Osamu Shimomura]], and [[Roger Y. Tsien]]
* [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] – [[Paul Krugman]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] – [[J. M. G. Le Clézio]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] – [[Martti Ahtisaari]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)|Makoto Kobayashi]], [[Toshihide Maskawa]], and [[Yoichiro Nambu]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] – [[Françoise Barré-Sinoussi]], [[Harald zur Hausen]], and [[Luc Montagnier]]

== See also ==
* [[2008 in economics]]
* [[2008 in politics]]

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<ref name="ammdU">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7417896.stm|title=South America nations found union|website=BBC News|date=May 23, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123113542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7417896.stm|archive-date=January 23, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="Gltzt">{{cite web
  | url          = http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu/
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<ref name="PDVLU">{{Cite news
  | url          = https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-the-fermi-telescope-k4.html
  | title        = What Is the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope?
  | last         = MSFC
  | first        = Jennifer Wall
  | date         = 2015-05-21
  | newspaper    = NASA
  | language     = en
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<ref name="oFlGQ">{{Cite web
  | url          = https://www.ctvnews.ca/harper-apologizes-for-residential-school-abuse-1.301603
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080709021317/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080610/native_apology_080611/20080611?hub=TopStories
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  | archive-date = July 9, 2008
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  | date         = June 11, 2008
  | website      = CTV
  | access-date  = January 13, 2017
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<ref name="jPCeD">{{Cite news
  | url          = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spain-expo-idUSL1381481020080614
  | title        = Spain's Expo 2008 on world water opens
  | date         = 2017-06-14
  | newspaper    = Reuters
  | access-date  = 2017-01-13
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170808172500/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-spain-expo-idUSL1381481020080614
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<ref name="rQFjN">{{Cite news
  | url          = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-jul-04-fg-hostagetictoc4-story.html
  | title        = The ultimate fake-out
  | last         = Kraul
  | first        = Chris
  | date         = 2008-07-04
  | newspaper    = Los Angeles Times
  | language     = en-US
  | issn         = 0458-3035
  | access-date  = 2017-01-13
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<ref name="7KMHp">{{Cite news
  | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7518543.stm
  | title        = Serbia captures fugitive Karadzic
  | website      = BBC News
  | date         = 2008-07-22
  | access-date  = 2010-01-01
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<ref name="nuVDF">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7544834.stm|title=Troops stage coup in Mauritania|website=BBC News|date=August 6, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807011413/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7544834.stm|archive-date=August 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="zc8qK">{{Cite news
  | url          = https://boston.com/bigpicture/2008/08/beijing_2008_its_a_wrap.html
  | title        = Beijing 2008 – It's a wrap
  | work         = The Boston Globe
  | date         = August 25, 2008
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<ref name="JdQh8">{{cite web
  | url          = http://press.cern/press-releases/2008/09/first-beam-lhc-accelerating-science
  | title        = First beam in the LHC – accelerating science
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<ref name="1tfei">{{Cite news
  | url          = http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/09/10/lhc.collider/
  | title        = Large Hadron Collider fired up in 'God particle' hunt
  | work         = CNN
  | access-date  = April 14, 2010
  | date         = September 10, 2008
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090801123615/http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/09/10/lhc.collider/
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<ref name="VxePx">{{Cite web
  | url     = https://www.cnbc.com/2009/09/14/the-financial-crisis-this-dayone-year-ago-sept-15-2008.html
| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/https://www.cnbc.com/2009/09/14/the-financial-crisis-this-dayone-year-ago-sept-15-2008.html
| archive-date=2021-10-14  | title   = The Financial Crisis: This Day—One Year Ago, Sept. 15, 2008
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<ref name="mk4OZ">{{Cite news
  |last         = Gall
  |first        = Carlotta
  |author-link  = Carlotta Gall
  |date         = September 20, 2008
  | url         = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/21/world/asia/21islamabad.html
  | title       = Bombing at Hotel in Pakistan Kills at Least 40
  | work        = The New York Times
  | access-date = January 13, 2026
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  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090416024958/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/21/world/asia/21islamabad.html
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="XWUWx">{{Cite news
  | url          = http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/09/20/pakistan.islamabad.marriott.blast/
  | title        = Deadly blast targets Marriott Hotel in Islamabad
  | work         = CNN
  | access-date  = April 14, 2010
  | date         = September 21, 2008
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<ref name="3fIg2">{{Cite news
  | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7627135.stm
  | title        = Dozens killed in Pakistan attack
  | work         = BBC News
  | date         = 2008-09-20
  | access-date  = 2010-01-01
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080921075454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7627135.stm
  | archive-date = September 21, 2008
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="bUbIg">{{cite web
  | url          = http://spacex.com/F1-004.php
  | title        = Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Falcon 1 Flight 4
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<ref name="mJgTp">{{Cite news
  | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7641287.stm
  | title        = Falcon rocket success for SpaceX
  | work         = BBC News
  | date         = 2008-09-29
  | access-date  = 2010-01-01
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090929222326/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7641287.stm
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<ref name="s5fxV">{{Cite news
  | date        = 2008-10-07
  | title       = Oil contract scandal shakes Peru
  | language    = en-GB
  | url         = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7656500.stm
  | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7656500.stm
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  }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="4KSLa">{{Cite web
  | title       = Bloomberg Politics – Bloomberg
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  | website     = Bloomberg.com
  | language    = en
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<ref name="1X31j">{{Cite news
  | date        = 2008-10-08
  | title       = Protesters decry Peru corruption
  | language    = en-GB
  | url         = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7658360.stm
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  }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="1xnhk">{{Cite news
  | date        = 2008-10-10
  | title       = Oil row brings down Peru cabinet
  | language    = en-GB
  | url         = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7664803.stm
  | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7664803.stm
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  }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="lgOCn">{{cite web
  | url          = http://press.cern/press-releases/2008/10/cern-inaugurates-lhc
  | title        = CERN inaugurates the LHC
  | date         = October 21, 2008
  | publisher    = CERN
  | access-date  = 2016-11-20
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="exux6">{{cite web
  | url          = http://press.cern/press-releases/2008/10/lhc-be-inaugurated-21-october-2008
  | title        = LHC to be inaugurated on 21 October 2008
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="j2gWy">{{cite web
  | url          = https://lhc-first-beam.web.cern.ch/lhc%2Dfirst%2Dbeam/News/FinalLHCsyncTest.html
  | title        = Final LHC Synchronization Test a Success
  | access-date  = July 8, 2011
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  | archive-date = August 30, 2008
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="tnapI">{{cite news
  | last         = Lynn
  | first        = Jonathan
  | title        = Big Bang experiment inaugurated despite glitch
  | url          = http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-science-cern-idUKTRE49K5YQ20081021
  | newspaper    = Reuters
  | date         = October 21, 2008
  | access-date  = September 29, 2012
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150114022253/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/10/21/us-science-cern-idUKTRE49K5YQ20081021
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="1wmbS">{{Cite news
  | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7679818.stm
  | title        = India launches first Moon mission
  | date         = October 22, 2008
  | work         = BBC News
  | access-date  = 2008-10-22
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081022003924/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7679818.stm
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="hLQzh">{{cite web
  | url          = http://planetary.org/explore/topics/space_missions/chandrayaan_1/
  | title        = Chandrayaan-1
  | access-date  = July 8, 2011
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<ref name="uHmQu">{{Cite web|last=Matonis|first=Jon|date=2010-03-13|title=Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System|url=https://themonetaryfuture.blogspot.com/2010/03/bitcoin-peer-to-peer-electronic-cash.html|access-date=2022-12-31|website=The Monetary Future|archive-date=December 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231192059/https://themonetaryfuture.blogspot.com/2010/03/bitcoin-peer-to-peer-electronic-cash.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="4bO8c">{{cite news
  | url          = https://nytimes.com/2008/11/05/us/politics/05elect.html
  | title        = Obama Elected President as Racial Barrier Falls
  | last         = Nagourney
  | first        = Adam
  | date         = November 4, 2008
  | work         = The New York Times
  | access-date  = 2008-11-05
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081209030024/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/05/us/politics/05elect.html
  | archive-date = December 9, 2008
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="ES3XU">{{cite news
  | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/us_elections_2008/7709978.stm
  | title        = Obama wins historic US election
  | date         = November 5, 2008
  | work         = BBC News
  | access-date  = 2008-11-05
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081106010551/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/us_elections_2008/7709978.stm
  | archive-date = November 6, 2008
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="os5oq">{{cite news
  | url          = http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/election.president/
  | title        = Obama inspires historic victory
  | date         = November 5, 2008
  | publisher    = CNN
  | access-date  = 2008-11-05
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217003318/http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/election.president/
  | archive-date = December 17, 2008
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="aVL5l">{{Cite news
  | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7735696.stm
  | title        = Windpipe transplant breakthrough
  | work         = BBC News
  | date         = 2008-11-19
  | access-date  = 2010-01-01
  | first        = Michelle
  | last         = Roberts
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20100115221324/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7735696.stm
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="jGiwP">{{cite web
  | title        = Sark Election: the candidates
  | work         = [[BBC News Online|BBC Guernsey]]
  | date         = December 9, 2008
  | url          = https://www.bbc.co.uk/guernsey/content/articles/2008/11/18/sark_election_candidates_2008_feature.shtml
  | access-date  = December 11, 2008
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081212134434/http://www.bbc.co.uk/guernsey/content/articles/2008/11/18/sark_election_candidates_2008_feature.shtml
  | archive-date = December 12, 2008
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="o0EEh">{{Cite news |date=December 18, 2008 |title=Trio found guilty of Rwandan genocide |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/12/18/rwanda.tribunal/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219170115/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/12/18/rwanda.tribunal/index.html |archive-date=December 19, 2008 |access-date=December 18, 2008 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
<ref name="S5uh2">{{Cite news
  | title        = Coup fear as Guinea president dies
  | work         = [[CNN]]
  | date         = December 24, 2008
  | url          = http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/12/23/guinea.president.dead/index.html
  | access-date  = December 24, 2008
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  }}</ref>
<ref name="47sj5">{{cite web
  | url          = https://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0113/p01s04-wome.html
  | first        = Ilene R.
  | last         = Prusher
  | title        = Hamas remains defiant despite pounding
  | website      = Christian Science Monitor
  | date         = 2009-01-13
  | access-date  = 2010-06-05
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220151839/http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0113/p01s04-wome.html
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<ref name="xKVxz">{{Cite news|title=Report: Israel set to launch 'limited operation' in Gaza|work=Christian Science Monitor|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2008/1226/p99s01-duts.html|date=December 26, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|issn=0882-7729|archive-date=August 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805025058/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2008/1226/p99s01-duts.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

}}

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* {{Cite journal |last1=Harbom |first1=Lotta |last2=Wallensteen |first2=Peter |date=2009 |title=Armed Conflicts, 1946–2008 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25654437 |journal=[[Journal of Peace Research]] |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=577–587 |doi=10.1177/0022343309339112 |jstor=25654437 |issn=0022-3433}}
* {{cite report |last1=Lea |first1=Adam |last2=Saunders |first2=Mark |url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRNWP2008Verification.pdf |title=Summary of 2008 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Authors' Seasonal Forecasts |date=January 8, 2009 |publisher=[[University College London]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617203435/http://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRNWP2008Verification.pdf |archive-date=June 17, 2025 |url-status=live |website=Tropical Storm Risk}}
* {{Cite report |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/200813 |title=Annual 2008 Global Climate Report |date=2009 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916065419/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/200813 |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |url-status=live |ref={{harvid|NOAA|2009}}}}
* {{Cite web |last=Podelco |first=Grant |date=December 31, 2008 |title=2008 In Review: Top 10 News Stories Of The Year |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/Year_In_Review_Top_10_News_Stories_2008/1362453.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928165535/https://www.rferl.org/a/Year_In_Review_Top_10_News_Stories_2008/1362453.html |archive-date=September 28, 2016 |url-status=live |website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]}}
* {{Cite report |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/downloads?folder=Standard%20Projections&group=Most%20used |title=World Population Prospects 2024 |date=2024 |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |ref={{harvid|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2024}} |archive-date=October 27, 2025 |access-date=August 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251027180324/https://population.un.org/wpp/downloads?folder=Standard%20Projections&group=Most%20used |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite report |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/wesp_archive/2009wesp.pdf |title=World Economic Situation and Prospects 2009 |date=2009 |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |isbn=9789211560480 |ref={{harvid|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009}}}}
* {{Cite report |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/666895?ln=en&v=pdf |title=2008 Global Trends |date=2009 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |ref={{harvid|UN High Commissioner for Refugees|2009}}}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.accuracyproject.org/2008calendar.html 2008 Calendar] at Internet Accuracy Project
{{portal bar|2000s}}
{{Events by month links}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2008| ]]
[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]