View source for 70 Virginis

{{short description|Star in the constellation Virgo}}
{{Starbox begin}}
{{Starbox image
| image =
{{Location mark
|image=Virgo constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=280
|label=|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=10|mark_link=70 Virginis
|x=342|y=150
}}
| caption = Location of 70 Virginis (circled in red)
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000.0
| constell = [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]<ref name=Anderson2012/>
| ra = {{RA|13|28|25.8086}}<ref name="Gaia DR3"/>
| dec = {{DEC|+13|46|43.638}}<ref name="Gaia DR3"/>
| appmag_v = +4.97<ref name=Anderson2012/>
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [[subgiant]]<ref name="Gaia DR3"/>
| class = G4&nbsp;V-IV<ref name="Strassmeier2017"/>
| r-i = 0.36{{cn|date=March 2026}}
| v-r = 0.39{{cn|date=March 2026}}
| b-v = {{Val|0.714|0.007}}<ref name=Anderson2012/>
| u-b = 0.26{{cn|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = {{Val|4.44|0.13}}<ref name=Anderson2012/>
| prop_mo_ra = {{val|−235.951|(75)}}
| prop_mo_dec = {{val|−575.969|(32)}}
| pm_footnote = <ref name="Gaia DR3"/>
| parallax = 55.2511
| p_error = 0.0779
| parallax_footnote = <ref name="Gaia DR3"/>
| absmag_v = {{Val|+3.70|0.01}}<ref name="Holmberg">{{cite web | url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V/130/gcs3&recno=9191 | title=HD 117176 | work=Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood III | author=Holmberg | date=2009 | access-date=2010-02-02|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age_gyr = {{val|7.77|0.51}}<ref name=Kane2015/>
| metal_fe = {{val|-0.06|0.01}}<ref name=soubiran/>
| mass = {{val|1.09|0.02}}<ref name=Kane2015/>
| radius = {{val|1.942|0.008}}<ref name=soubiran/>
| gravity = {{val|3.94|0.08}}<ref name=soubiran/>
| luminosity = {{val|3.047|0.043}}<ref name=soubiran/>
| temperature = {{val|5473|32|fmt=commas}}<ref name=soubiran/>
| rotational_velocity = {{val|1.56|0.50}}<ref name=Kane2015/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
|names = {{odlist | F=70 Vir | BD=+14°2621 | GJ=512.1 | GJ2=9446 | HD=117176 | HIP=65721 | HR=5072 | SAO=100582 | WDS=13284+1347A }}<ref name="Simbad"/>
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = 70+Vir
| NSTED = 70 Vir
| ARICNS = 01056
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''70 Virginis''' is a binary<ref name=Fontanive/> [[star]] located 59<ref name="Gaia DR3"/>&nbsp;[[light year]]s from the Sun in the [[celestial equator|equatorial]] [[constellation]] of [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]], near the northern constellation border with [[Coma Berenices]]. ''70 Virginis'' is its [[Flamsteed designation]]. The star is visible to the naked eye as a faint, yellow-hued point of light with an [[apparent visual magnitude]] of +4.97.<ref name=Anderson2012/>  It is drifting further away with a heliocentric [[radial velocity]] of +4.4&nbsp;km/s<ref name=Anderson2012/> and has a high [[proper motion]], traversing the [[celestial sphere]] at the rate of 0.621&nbsp;[[arc second]]s per annum.<ref name=Lepine2005/>

This object has a [[stellar classification]] of G4&nbsp;V-IV,<ref name="Strassmeier2017"/> being rather unusually bright for a [[main sequence]] star of its type and thus may be just starting to evolve into the [[Subgiant star|subgiant]] phase. It is an estimated 7.9<ref name="apj771_1_40"/>&nbsp;billion years old and is spinning with a [[projected rotational velocity]] of 4.8&nbsp;km/s.<ref name="MartínezArnáiz2010"/> The star has 1.09<ref name=Kane2015/> times the [[mass of the Sun]] and 1.94 times the [[Sun's radius]]. It is radiating 3.05 times the [[luminosity of the Sun]] from its [[photosphere]] at an [[effective temperature]] of 5,473&nbsp;K.<ref name=soubiran/> The [[metallicity]] – a term astronomers use to describe the abundance of elements heavier than helium – is near solar.<ref name="apj771_1_40"/><ref name=soubiran/>

In 2011, a star was discovered 2.86 arcseconds away from the primary, and is likely associated with 70 Virginis. Based on its properties, it has a spectral type later than M5V, and has a mass of about 8% that of the Sun.<ref name=Fontanive>{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/mnras/stz671|title=A high binary fraction for the most massive close-in giant planets and brown dwarf desert members|first1=C.|last1=Fontanive|first2=K.|last2=Rice|first3=M.|last3=Bonavita|first4=E.|last4=Lopez|first5=K.|last5=Muzic|first6=B.|last6=Biller|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=485|issue=4|pages=4967–4996|date=2019|doi-access=free |arxiv=1903.02332|bibcode=2019MNRAS.485.4967F}}</ref> There is also an L-type [[brown dwarf]] 42.7 arcseconds away from the primary, but it is unclear whether this is bound to the system.<ref name=Fontanive/>

In 1996, 70 Virginis was discovered to have an [[extrasolar planet]] in orbit around it.<ref name="Marcy1996"/> There is also an orbiting [[debris disk|dusty disc]] with an average temperature of 153&nbsp;[[Kelvin|K]] located at a mean distance of 3.4 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] from the star.<ref name="Trilling2008"/>

==Planetary system==
The discovery of the planet around 70 Virginis was announced on January 17, 1996 at the meeting of the [[American Astronomical Society]] in San Antonio, Texas. The planet was detected using [[radial velocity]] measurements taken with the [[C. Donald Shane telescope]] at [[Lick Observatory]]. It has an [[orbital period]] of 117&nbsp;days, an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.4, and a mass at least 7.4 times that of [[Jupiter]].<ref name="berkeley"/><ref name="Marcy1996"/>

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin
| table_ref = <ref name="Kane2015"/> 
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[70 Virginis b|b]]
| mass = {{val|7.40|0.02|p=>}}
| period = {{val|116.6926|0.0014}}
| semimajor = {{val|0.481|0.003}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.399|0.002}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet disk
| disk = Dust disc
| periapsis = >3.4
}}
{{Orbitbox end}}

==References==
<references>
<ref name=Anderson2012>{{cite XHIP|65721}}</ref>

<ref name="apj771_1_40">{{cite journal
 | display-authors=1
 | last1=Boyajian | first1=Tabetha S. | last2=von Braun | first2=Kaspar
 | last3=van Belle | first3=Gerard | last4=Farrington | first4=Chris
 | last5=Schaefer | first5=Gail | last6=Jones | first6=Jeremy
 | last7=White | first7=Russel | last8=McAlister | first8=Harold A.
 | last9=ten Brummelaar | first9=Theo A. | last10=Ridgway | first10=Stephen
 | last11=Gies | first11=Douglas | last12=Sturmann | first12=Laszlo
 | last13=Sturmann | first13=Judit | last14=Turner | first14=Nils H.
 | last15=Goldfinger | first15=P. J. | last16=Vargas | first16=Norm
 | title=Stellar Diameters and Temperatures. III. Main-sequence A, F, G, and K Stars: Additional High-precision Measurements and Empirical Relations
 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=771 | issue=1
 | id=40 | pages=31 | date=July 2013
 | arxiv=1306.2974 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/40
 | bibcode=2013ApJ...771...40B | s2cid=14911430
}} See Table 3.</ref>

<ref name="soubiran">{{cite journal |last1=Soubiran |first1=C. |last2=Creevey |first2=O. L. |last3=Lagarde |first3=N. |last4=Brouillet |first4=N. |last5=Jofré |first5=P. |last6=Casamiquela |first6=L. |last7=Heiter |first7=U. |last8=Aguilera-Gómez |first8=C. |last9=Vitali |first9=S. |last10=Worley |first10=C. |last11=de Brito Silva |first11=D. |date=2024-02-01 |title=Gaia FGK benchmark stars: Fundamental Teff and log g of the third version |bibcode=2024A&A...682A.145S |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=682 |pages=A145 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202347136 |arxiv=2310.11302 |issn=0004-6361}} [https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=J/A%2BA/682/A145&HIP=HIP65721 70 Virginis's database entry] at [[VizieR]].</ref>

<ref name="berkeley">{{cite press release | title=Discovery of two new planets -- the second and third within the last three months -- proves they aren't rare in our galaxy | last=Sanders | first=Robert | date=January 17, 1996 | publisher=University of California, Berkeley | url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/96legacy/releases.96/14301.html | access-date=December 22, 2017 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gaia DR3">{{Cite Gaia DR3|3740176925743994752}}</ref>

<ref name="Kane2015">{{cite journal | title=A Comprehensive Characterization of the 70 Virginis Planetary System | last1=Kane | first1=Stephen R. | last2=Boyajian | first2=Tabetha S. | last3=Henry | first3=Gregory W. | last4=Feng | first4=Y. Katherina | last5=Hinkel | first5=Natalie R. | last6=Fischer | first6=Debra A. | last7=Braun | first7=Kaspar von | last8=Howard | first8=Andrew W. | last9=Wright | first9=Jason T. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=806 | issue=1 | at=60 | year=2015 | arxiv=1504.04066 | bibcode=2015ApJ...806...60K | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/60 | s2cid=42414832 }}</ref>

<ref name=Lepine2005>{{cite journal
 | last1=Lépine | first1=Sébastien | last2=Shara | first2=Michael M.
 | title=A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0.15" (LSPM-NORTH Catalog)
 | journal=The Astronomical Journal
 | volume=129 | issue=3 | pages=1483–1522 | date=March 2005
 | doi=10.1086/427854 | bibcode=2005AJ....129.1483L
 | arxiv=astro-ph/0412070 | s2cid=2603568 }}</ref>

<ref name="Marcy1996">{{cite journal | title=A Planetary Companion to 70 Virginis | last1=Marcy | first1=Geoffrey W. | last2=Butler | first2=R. Paul | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters | volume=464 | issue=1 | pages=L147–L151 | date=1996 | bibcode=1996ApJ...464L.147M | doi=10.1086/310096 | s2cid=9528214 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="MartínezArnáiz2010">{{cite journal
 | display-authors=1 | last1=Martínez-Arnáiz | first1=R.
 | last2=Maldonado | first2=J. | last3=Montes | first3=D.
 | last4=Eiroa | first4=C. | last5=Montesinos | first5=B.
 | title=Chromospheric activity and rotation of FGK stars in the solar vicinity. An estimation of the radial velocity jitter
 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
 | volume=520 | page=A79 | date=September 2010
 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200913725 
 | bibcode=2010A&A...520A..79M | arxiv=1002.4391 | s2cid=43455849 }}</ref>

<ref name="Simbad">{{cite simbad | title=70 Vir |access-date=2023-11-25}}</ref>

<ref name="Strassmeier2017">{{cite journal | title=PEPSI deep spectra. II. Gaia benchmark stars and other M-K standards | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=612 | pages=A45 | last1=Strassmeier | first1=K. G. | last2=Ilyin | first2=I. | last3=Weber | first3=M. | year=2018 | arxiv=1712.06967 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201731633 | bibcode=2018A&A...612A..45S | s2cid=119244142 }}</ref>

<ref name="Trilling2008">{{cite journal | title=Debris Disks around Sun-like Stars | last1=Trilling | first1=D. E. | last2=Bryden | first2=G. | last3=Beichman | first3=C. A. | last4=Rieke | first4=G. H. | last5=Su | first5=K. Y. L. | last6=Stansberry | first6=J. A. | last7=Blaylock | first7=M. | last8=Stapelfeldt | first8=K. R. | last9=Beeman | first9=J. W. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=674 | issue=2 | pages=1086–1105 | date=2008 | arxiv=0710.5498 | bibcode=2008ApJ...674.1086T | doi=10.1086/525514 | s2cid=54940779 }}</ref>
</references>

==External links==
* {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=70+Vir&showPubli=yes&sortByDate#a_publi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407211421/http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=70+Vir&showPubli=yes&sortByDate#a_publi |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 7, 2010 |title=Notes for star 70 Vir |author=Jean Schneider |date=2011 |encyclopedia=[[Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]] |access-date=10 October 2011}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20011122171133/http://www.solstation.com/stars2/70virgin.htm SolStation: 70 Virginis]

{{Virgo}}
{{Sky|13|28|25.8|+|13|46|43.5|59.1}}

[[Category:G-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:G-type subgiants]]
[[Category:Planetary systems with one confirmed planet]]
[[Category:Circumstellar disks]]
[[Category:Virgo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects|BD+14 2621]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Virginis, 070]]
[[Category:Gliese and GJ objects|0512.1]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|117176]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|065721]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|5072]]