View source for Brewster Kahle

{{short description|American computer engineer and founder of the Internet Archive}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Brewster Kahle
| image              = Brewster Kahle (cropped).jpg
| alt                = 
| caption            = Kahle in 2015
| birth_name         = Brewster Lurton Kahle<ref>{{cite news |title=Paid Notice: Deaths KAHLE, MARGARET LURTON |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/06/classified/paid-notice-deaths-kahle-margaret-lurton.html |work=The New York Times |date=March 6, 1998 |access-date=January 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108051410/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/06/classified/paid-notice-deaths-kahle-margaret-lurton.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1960|10|21}}<ref name="juggle" />
| birth_place        = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| education          = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])
| employer           = [[Internet Archive]], [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]
| occupation         = Digital librarian<br/>Computer engineer<br/>Internet entrepreneur
| known_for          = Development of [[Wide area information server|WAIS]]<br/>Co-founder of [[Alexa Internet]]<br/>Founder of [[Internet Archive]]
| spouse             = Mary Austin
| children           = 2<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Archiving-the-Internet-Brewster-Kahle-makes-3006888.php|title=Archiving the Internet / Brewster Kahle makes digital snapshots of Web|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle|SFGate]]|date=May 7, 1998|access-date=January 29, 2016|archive-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402161247/https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Archiving-the-Internet-Brewster-Kahle-makes-3006888.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|https://brewster.kahle.org}}
| module             = {{Listen| embed=yes |filename = Brewster Kahle - voice - en.flac |title =Brewster Kahle introducing himself |type = speech |description = recorded April 2015}}
}}

'''Brewster Lurton Kahle''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|r|uː|s|t|ɚ|_|k|eɪ|l}} {{respell|BROO|-|stər|_|KAYL|'}};<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Schwartz |first=John |date=2001-10-29 |title=New Economy; A library of Web pages that warms the cockles of the wired heart and beats the Library of Congress for sheer volume. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/29/business/new-economy-library-web-pages-that-warms-cockles-wired-heart-beats-library.html |access-date=2023-10-09 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073325/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/29/technology/ebusiness/29NECO.html |url-status=live }}</ref> born October 21, 1960)<ref name="juggle">{{Cite web |date=November 24, 2010 |title=Alexa Internet Profiles, Brand Logos and Top Lists – Juggle.com |url=http://www.juggle.com/alexa-internet |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717045807/http://www.juggle.com/alexa-internet |archive-date=2011-07-17 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Juggle}}</ref> is an American digital librarian, computer engineer, and internet entrepreneur.<ref>{{cite news |author=Evangelista |first=Benny |date=October 13, 2012 |title=Brewster Kahle's Internet Archive |url=http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/Brewster-Kahle-s-Internet-Archive-3946898.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225121209/https://www.sfgate.com/default/article/Brewster-Kahle-s-Internet-Archive-3946898.php |archive-date=December 25, 2019 |access-date=October 13, 2012 |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> He graduated from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in 1982 with a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in [[computer science and engineering]]. Kahle founded the [[Internet Archive]] (including [[Wayback Machine]]) and co-founded [[Alexa Internet]] in 1996. He was inducted into the [[Internet Hall of Fame]] in 2012.<ref name=":0" />

==Biography==

=== Early life and education ===
Kahle was born in [[New York City]] and raised in [[Scarsdale, New York]], the son of Margaret Mary (Lurton) and Robert Vinton Kahle, a [[mechanical engineer]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/02/classified/paid-notice-deaths-kahle-robert-vinton.html |title=Paid Notice: Deaths KAHLE, ROBERT VINTON|date=May 2, 2001|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 22, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205121414/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/02/classified/paid-notice-deaths-kahle-robert-vinton.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Heather |date=February 28, 2002 |title=A Library as Big as the World |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/feb2002/tc20020228_1080.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020601134105/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/feb2002/tc20020228_1080.htm |archive-date=June 1, 2002 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=BusinessWeek Online}}</ref> He went to [[Scarsdale High School]]. He graduated from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in 1982, receiving a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree with a major in [[computer science and engineering]], where he was a member of [[Chi Phi]] fraternity.<ref name="edu" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=M. '12 |first=Chris |date=2008-10-04 |title=Internet Nostalgia |url=https://mitadmissions.org/blogs/entry/internet_nostalgia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121084226/https://mitadmissions.org/blogs/entry/internet_nostalgia/ |archive-date=November 21, 2019 |access-date=July 11, 2011 |website=MIT Admissions |language=en-US}}</ref> The emphasis of his studies was [[artificial intelligence]]; he studied under [[Marvin Minsky]] and [[W. Daniel Hillis]].<ref name="edu">{{Cite web |last=Kahle |first=Brewster |date=July 11, 2011 |title=About {{!}} Brewster Kahle's Blog |url=http://brewster.kahle.org/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812051411/http://brewster.kahle.org/about/ |archive-date=2011-08-12 |access-date=July 11, 2011 }}</ref>

=== Career ===
After graduation, Kahle joined the [[Thinking Machines Corporation|Thinking Machines]] team, where he was the lead engineer on the company's main product, the [[Connection Machine]], for six years (1983–1989).<ref name="nieman">{{cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |date=March 24, 2022 |title=After 25 years, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive are still working to democratize knowledge |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2022/03/after-25-years-brewster-kahle-and-the-internet-archive-are-still-working-to-democratize-knowledge/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324190727/https://www.niemanlab.org/2022/03/after-25-years-brewster-kahle-and-the-internet-archive-are-still-working-to-democratize-knowledge/ |archive-date=March 24, 2022 |access-date=October 22, 2022 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref> There, he and others developed the [[Wide area information server|WAIS]] system, the first Internet distributed search and document retrieval system, a precursor to the [[World Wide Web]].<ref name="nieman" /><ref name="york" /> In 1992, he co-founded, with [[Bruce Gilliat]], WAIS, Inc. (sold to [[AOL]] in 1995 for $15 million<ref>{{Cite web |last=Engst |first=Adam |date=5 June 1995 |title=AOL Buys Everyone |url=https://tidbits.com/article/1459 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524022333/https://tidbits.com/article/1459 |archive-date=2017-05-24 |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=tidbits.com |language=en}}</ref>), and, in 1996, [[Alexa Internet]]<ref name="york" /><ref name="LAtimes">{{cite news|last=Kellogg|first=Carolyn|title=Archiving every book ever published|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/08/archiving-every-book-ever-published.html|access-date=August 18, 2011|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=August 5, 2011|archive-date=May 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524103349/https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/08/archiving-every-book-ever-published.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (sold to [[Amazon.com]] in 1999<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 24, 1999 |title=Agreement and Plan of Merger - Amazon.com Inc. and Alexa Internet |url=https://corporate.findlaw.com/contracts/planning/agreement-and-plan-of-merger-amazon-com-inc-and-alexa-internet.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419073139/https://corporate.findlaw.com/contracts/planning/agreement-and-plan-of-merger-amazon-com-inc-and-alexa-internet.html |archive-date=April 19, 2019 |access-date=April 19, 2019 |work=Findlaw}}</ref> for $250 million in stock<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hardy |first1=Quentin |date=Nov 27, 2009 |title=The Big Deal: Brewster Kahle |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/11/25/alexa-amazon-entrepreneur-intelligent-technology-kahle-big.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207185323/https://www.forbes.com/2009/11/25/alexa-amazon-entrepreneur-intelligent-technology-kahle-big.html |archive-date=February 7, 2024 |access-date=7 February 2024 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>). At the same time as he started Alexa, he founded the [[Internet Archive]], which he continues to direct.

In 2001, he implemented the [[Wayback Machine]], which allows public access to the World Wide Web archive that the Internet Archive has been gathering since 1996.<ref name="nieman" /><ref name="york">{{cite web |date=April 25, 2022 |title=Brewster Kahle and Tony Marx: The Internet Archive at 25 |url=https://www.nypl.org/events/programs/2022/04/25/internet-archive |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022163741/https://www.nypl.org/events/programs/2022/04/25/internet-archive |archive-date=October 22, 2022 |access-date=October 22, 2022 |website=New York Public Library}}</ref> Kahle was inspired to create the Wayback Machine after visiting the offices of [[Alta Vista]], where he was struck by the immensity of the task being undertaken and achieved: to store and index everything that was on the Web. Kahle states: "I was standing there, looking at this machine that was the size of five or six [[vending machine|Coke machine]]s, and there was an 'aha moment' that said, 'You can do everything.'{{-"}}<ref name="NYtimes">{{cite news|last=TONG|first=JUDY|title=RESPONSIBLE PARTY – BREWSTER KAHLE; A Library Of the Web, On the Web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/08/business/responsible-party-brewster-kahle-a-library-of-the-web-on-the-web.html |access-date=August 18, 2011|newspaper=New York Times|date=September 8, 2002|archive-date=February 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220181725/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/08/business/responsible-party-brewster-kahle-a-library-of-the-web-on-the-web.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Kahle and his wife, Mary Austin, run the Kahle/Austin Foundation. The Foundation supports the Free Software Foundation for its [[GNU Project]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/thankgnus/2011supporters.html |title=Thank GNUs 2011 |publisher=Free Software Foundation |access-date=January 19, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018041426/http://www.gnu.org/thankgnus/2011supporters.html |url-status=live }}</ref> among other projects, with a total giving of about $4.5 million in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2020 |title=Kahle/Austin Foundation {{!}} Find Grantmakers & Nonprofit Funders {{!}} Foundation Directory Online |url=https://fconline.foundationcenter.org/fdo-grantmaker-profile?key=KAHL009 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108051506/https://fconline.foundationcenter.org/fdo-grantmaker-profile?key=KAHL009 |archive-date=January 8, 2021 |access-date=March 22, 2020 |website=fconline.foundationcenter.org}}</ref> In 2012, Kahle and banking veteran Jordan Modell established Internet Archive Federal Credit Union to serve people in [[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick, New Jersey]] and [[Highland Park, New Jersey]], as well as participants in programs that alleviate poverty in those areas.<ref>{{cite news |last=Morrison |first=David |date=September 5, 2012 |title=Internet Pioneer, Former Banker Behind Newest CU |url=http://www.cutimes.com/2012/09/02/newest-credit-union-backed-by-internet-pioneer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106183248/https://www.cutimes.com/2012/09/02/newest-credit-union-backed-by-internet-pioneer/ |archive-date=November 6, 2018 |access-date=September 4, 2012 |newspaper=Credit Union Times |page=3}}</ref> Following legal violations and a cease-and-desist from the [[National Credit Union Administration]], the credit union was liquidated in December 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Strozniak |first1=Peter |date=December 18, 2015 |title=Death of a Credit Union: Internet Archive FCU Voluntarily Liquidates |url=http://www.cutimes.com/2015/12/18/death-of-a-credit-union-internet-archive-fcu-volun?eNL=56744103160ba0fc50433aca |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106181339/https://www.cutimes.com/2015/12/18/death-of-a-credit-union-internet-archive-fcu-volun/?eNL=56744103160ba0fc50433aca |archive-date=November 6, 2018 |access-date=December 18, 2015 |work=Credit Union Times}}</ref>

=== Memberships ===
Kahle was elected a member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] (2010) for archiving, and making available, all forms of digital information. He is also a member of the [[Internet Hall of Fame]], a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]. Kahle serves on the boards of the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]], [[Public Knowledge]], the [[European Archive]] (now [[Internet memory]]) and the Television Archive. He is a member of the advisory board of the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program of the [[Library of Congress]], and is a member of the [[National Science Foundation]] Advisory Committee for Cyberinfrastructure. In 2010, Kahle received an honorary doctorate from [[Simmons University]].<ref>{{Cite press release |last=College |first=Simmons |title=Inaugural Poet to Deliver 2010 Simmons College Commencement Address, May 14 in Boston |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/inaugural-poet-to-deliver-2010-simmons-college-commencement-address-may-14-in-boston-88827632.html |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Career emphasis ==

===Advocacy for digital preservation accessibility and digitization ===
[[File:Internet-archive-brewster-kahle-2013-0329.webm|thumb|thumbtime=20|right|320px|Kahle of the Internet Archive talking about archiving operations in 2013]]

In 1997, Kahle explained that apart from the value for [[historian]]s' use of these digital archives, they might also help resolve some common infrastructure complaints about the Internet, such as adding reliability to "404 Document not found" errors, contextualizing information to make it more trustworthy, and maintaining navigation to aid in finding related content. Kahle also explained the importance of packaging enough meta-data (information about the information) into the archive, since it is unknown what future researchers will be interested in, and that it might be more problematic to find data than to preserve it.<ref name="ArchivingInternet">{{Cite web |last=Kahle |first=Brewster |date=11 April 1997 |title=Brewster Kahle (March 1997): Archiving the Internet |url=https://www.uibk.ac.at/voeb/texte/kahle.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403042627/http://www.uibk.ac.at/voeb/texte/kahle.html |archive-date=April 3, 2012 |access-date=August 19, 2011 |website=uibk.ac.at}}</ref>

Kahle has been critical of [[Google Books|Google]]'s [[book digitization]], especially of Google's exclusivity in restricting other search engines' digital access to the books they archive. In a 2011 talk, Kahle described Google's "snippet" feature as a means of tiptoeing around [[copyright]] issues, and expressed his frustration with the lack of a decent [[Controlled digital lending|lending system]] for digital materials. He said the digital transition has moved from local control to central control, non-profit to for-profit, diverse to homogeneous, and from "ruled by law" to "ruled by contract". Kahle stated that even [[public-domain]] material published before 1923, and not bound by copyright law, is still bound by Google's contracts and requires permission to be distributed or copied. Kahle reasoned that this trend has emerged for a number of reasons: distribution of information favoring centralization, the economic cost of digitizing books, the issue of library staff without the technical knowledge to build these services, and the decision of administrators to [[Outsourcing|outsource]] information services.<ref name="Archive">
{{cite video
| people      = Brewster Kahle
| title      = Brewster Kahle's Michigan Talk
| url      = https://archive.org/details/BrewsterKahlesMichiganTalk
| format      = SWF FLV FLASH OGG MPEG4 WMA WindowsMedia
| medium      = Videotape
| publisher      = si.umich.edu
| location      = Ann Arbor, MI at the John Seely Brown Symposium
| archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20110818144414/http://www.archive.org/details/BrewsterKahlesMichiganTalk
| archive-date      = August 18, 2011
| access-date      = August 18, 2011
| url-status      = dead
}}
</ref>

Kahle advocated in 2009:

<blockquote>It's not that expensive. For the cost of 60 miles of highway, we can have a 10 million-book [[digital library]] available to a generation that is growing up reading on-screen. Our job is to put the best works of humankind within reach of that generation. Through a simple [[Web search]], a student researching the life of John F. Kennedy should be able to find books from many libraries, and many booksellers—and not be limited to one private library whose titles are available for a fee, controlled by a corporation that can dictate what we are allowed to read.<ref name="Wired">{{Cite magazine |last=Singel |first=Ryan |date=May 19, 2009 |title=Stop the Google Library, Net's Librarian Says |url=https://www.wired.com/2009/05/stop-the-google-library-nets-librarian-says/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108051343/https://www.wired.com/2009/05/stop-the-google-library-nets-librarian-says/ |archive-date=January 8, 2021 |access-date=August 18, 2011 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref></blockquote>

===Physical media===
[[File:Brewster Kahle - Lecture on the Internet Archive and Copyright 2025.jpg|thumb|Kahle at [[Leiden University]] (2025)]]
"Knowledge lives in lots of different forms over time," Kahle said in 2011. "First it was in people's memories, then it was in [[codex|manuscript]]s, then [[printing press|printed]] books, then [[microfilm]], [[CD-ROM]]s, now on the digital internet. Each one of these generations is very important."  Voicing a strong reaction to the idea of books simply being thrown away, and inspired by  the [[Svalbard Global Seed Vault]], Kahle envisioned collecting one physical copy of every book ever published. "We're not going to get there, but that's our goal," he said. "We want to see books live forever."  Pointing out that even digital books have a physical home on a hard drive somewhere, he sees saving the physical artifacts of information storage as a way to hedge against the uncertainty of the future. Alongside the books, Kahle plans to store the Internet Archive's old servers, which were replaced in 2010.<ref name=":1" />

Kahle began by having conventional [[Intermodal container|shipping container]]s modified as [[Climate control|climate-controlled]] storage units. Each container can hold about 40,000 volumes, the size of a branch library. As of 2011, Kahle had gathered about 500,000 books. He thinks the warehouse is large enough to hold about a million titles, with each one given a barcode that identifies the cardboard box, [[shipping pallet|pallet]] and shipping container in which it resides. A given book may be retrieved in about an hour, not to be loaned out but to be used to verify contents recorded in another medium. [[Preservation (library and archival science)|Book preservation]] experts commented he will have to contend with [[The Enemies of Books|vermin]] and about a century's worth of books printed on [[Pulp (paper)|wood pulp paper]] that disintegrates over time because of its own acidity. Peter Hanff, deputy director of [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]]'s [[Bancroft Library]], said that just keeping the books on the west coast of the US will save them from the climate fluctuations that are the norm in other parts of the country.<ref name=":1">
{{cite news |date=August 1, 2011 |title=Internet Archive founder turns to new information storage device – the book |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/aug/01/internet-archive-books-brewster-kahle |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619013509/http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/aug/01/internet-archive-books-brewster-kahle |archive-date=June 19, 2012 |access-date=August 22, 2012 |work=[[The Guardian]] |quote=Brewster Kahle, the man behind a project to file every webpage, now wants to gather one copy of every published book}}</ref>

In 2024, Kahle shipped 350,000 (mainly European) dissertations from the stacks of [[Leiden University Library]] to storage of the Internet Archive in Pennsylvania. These dissertations, from the period 1850-1990, were deselected by the Leiden Library.<ref>[https://www.library.universiteitleiden.nl/news/2024/10/he-internet-archive-takes-over-foreign-dissertations-from-ubl Leiden University Library, 8 Oct. 2024]</ref><ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4170213 Jos Damen: 'Oude wetenschap in de uitverkoop'. In: ''Informatieprofessional'', 2024, 8, p.21-24] (in Dutch)</ref>

===Blogging on current affairs===
Kahle maintains a [[blog]], described as "Thoughts about Housing, Education, Food and Health in the United States".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://brewster.kahle.org/|access-date=14 June 2025|title=Brewster Kahle's Blog: Thoughts about Housing, Education, Food and Health in the United States}}</ref>

==Awards and appointments==
*2004: Paul Evan Peters Award from the [[Coalition of Networked Information]] (CNI)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-04 |title=Paul Evan Peters 2004 Award Winner {{!}} EDUCAUSE |url=https://www.educause.edu/Professional%2BDevelopment/PaulEvanPetersAwardWinnersspan/PaulEvanPeters2004AwardWinner/1514inner/1514 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404184316/http://www.educause.edu/Professional+Development/PaulEvanPetersAwardWinnersspan/PaulEvanPeters2004AwardWinner/1514 |archive-date=April 4, 2011 |access-date=April 4, 2011 |website=Educause.edu}}</ref>
*2005: American Academy of Arts and Sciences
*Library of Congress NDIIP advisory board
*NSF Cyber Infrastructure advisory board
*2007: Knowledge Trust Honors award recipient
*2008: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722145541/http://www.lis.illinois.edu/articles/2008/12/2008-downs-intellectual-freedom-award-given-brewster-kahle-and-internet-archive Robert B. Downs Intellectual Freedom Award] from the University of Illinois
*Public Knowledge, IP3 award recipient
*2009: "50 Visionaries Changing Your World", [[Utne Reader]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reader |first=Utne, Staff |date=October 12, 2009 |title=50 Visionaries Who Are Changing Your World – Utne |url=https://www.utne.com/Politics/50-Visionaries-Changing-Your-World-Hope-2009/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012618/http://www.utne.com/politics/50-visionaries-changing-your-world-hope-2009.aspx |archive-date=April 19, 2014 |access-date=April 19, 2014 |website=www.utne.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
*2010: National Academy of Engineering
*2010: Honorary Doctor of Laws, University of Alberta<ref>{{Cite web |date=Spring 2011 |title=Current Honorary Degree Recipients - Senate - University of Alberta |url=http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/senate/nav02.cfm?nav02=70455&nav01=12498 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128221418/http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/senate/nav02.cfm?nav02=70455&nav01=12498 |archive-date=November 28, 2011 |access-date=November 28, 2011 |website=uofaweb.ualberta.ca}}</ref>
*2010: [[Zoia Horn#Zoia Horn Intellectual Freedom Award|Zoia Horn Intellectual Freedom Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zoia_Horn_Intellectual_Freedom_Award |url=http://www.cla-net.org/awards/zoia.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120235520/http://cla-net.org/awards/zoia.php |archive-date=November 20, 2010 |website=[[California library association]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaplan |first=Jeff |date=January 4, 2011 |title=Brewster Kahle receives the Zoia Horn Intellectual Freedom Award &#124; Internet Archive Blogs |url=http://blog.archive.org/2011/01/04/brewster-kahle-receives-the-zoia-horn-intellectual-freedom-award/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107105053/https://blog.archive.org/2011/01/04/brewster-kahle-receives-the-zoia-horn-intellectual-freedom-award/ |archive-date=January 7, 2011 |access-date=April 21, 2024 |website=Internet Archive Blogs}}</ref>
*2012: Software and Information Industry of America Peter Jackson Award [http://www.editorandpublisher.com/Awards/Article/SIIA-Presents--Peter-E--Jackson-Innovation-Award--to-Internet-Archive-Founder-Brewster-Kahle?+media,+new+media,+social+media SIIA Peter Jackson Award]
*2012: Inducted into the [[Internet Hall of Fame]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=September 26, 2017 |title=2012 INTERNET HALL of FAME INDUCTEES {{!}} Internet Hall of Fame |url=http://www.internethalloffame.org/inductees/year/2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426020129/http://www.internethalloffame.org/inductees/year/2012 |archive-date=April 26, 2012 |access-date=September 26, 2017 |website=internethalloffame.org}}</ref>
*2013: LITA/Library Hi Tech Award for Outstanding Communication in Library and Information Technology<ref>{{cite web |last= |date=May 14, 2013 |title=Brewster Kahle to be Honored with 2013 LITA/Library Hi Tech Award |url=http://www.ala.org/news/press-releases/2013/05/brewster-kahle-be-honored-2013-litalibrary-hi-tech-award |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108051413/http://www.ala.org/news/press-releases/2013/05/brewster-kahle-be-honored-2013-litalibrary-hi-tech-award |archive-date=January 8, 2021 |access-date=July 10, 2013 |website=Ala.org}}</ref>
* 2016: Fellowship of the Digital Preservation Coalition<ref>{{cite web |last1=DPC |date=December 1, 2016 |title=Brewster Kahle awarded Digital Preservation Coalition Fellowship |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwGzSAqGGqE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430084359/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwGzSAqGGqE |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=YouTube |publisher=DPC}}</ref>
* 2024: Kahle received the Lifetime Achievement in Building Internet Infrastructure Award from the Internet Infrastructure Coalition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=i2Coalition 2024 Internet Leadership Award Winners Announced |url=https://i2coalition.com/i2coalition-2024-internet-leadership-award-winners-announced/ |website=i2Coalition |date=2024-04-02 |access-date=2025-04-14}}</ref>
* 2026: Honored with the Fellow Award from the Computer History Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brewster Kahle |url=https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260324153449/https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle-2/ |website=Computer History Museum |date=January 5, 2026 |access-date=2026-04-25 |archive-date=2026-03-24}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of archivists]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Library resources box|about=yes|by=yes}}

===Articles===
* "[https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/08/business/responsible-party-brewster-kahle-a-library-of-the-web-on-the-web.html Responsible Party: Brewster Kahle: A Library of the Web on the Web]". ''The New York Times'', September 8, 2002.
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20050325101307/http://webservices.xml.com/pub/a/ws/2002/01/18/brewster.html How the Wayback Machine Works]". O'Reilly Network, January 21, 2002.
* "[http://www.openp2p.com/pub/a/p2p/2004/01/22/kahle.html Brewster Kahle on the Internet Archive and People's Technology]". O'Reilly Network, interview by Lisa Rein, January 22, 2004.
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20050414114847/http://www.acmqueue.org/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=163 ACM Queue: "A Conversation with Brewster Kahle"], June 2004
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050409042532/http://slate.msn.com/id/2116329/ The Archivist: Brewster Kahle made a copy of the Internet. Now, he wants your files]". ''Slate'', April 7, 2005.
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20051130100843/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/11/22/MNGQ0FSCCT1.DTL "A Man's vision: World Library Online]". ''San Francisco Chronicle'', November 22, 2005.
* "[https://archive.org/iathreads/post-view.php?id=89140  Grant Funds Open-Source Challenge to Google Library]". [[CNET]], December 21, 2006.
* "[http://www.economist.com/science/tq/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13174399 The Internet's Librarian]". ''The Economist'', March 5, 2009.
* Brewster Kahle. "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/18/AR2009051802637.html A Book Grab by Google]". ''Washington Post'', May 19, 2009.
* "[https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/1116/opinions-brewster-kahle-google-ideas-opinions.html Lend Ho! Brewster Kahle Is a Thorn in Google's Side]". ''Forbes'', November 16, 2009.
* "[http://www.utne.com/Politics/50-Visionaries-Changing-Your-World-Hope-2009.aspx Brewster Kahle named one of the '50 Visionaries Who Are Changing Your World']". ''Utne Reader'', November–December 2009.
* "[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/aug/01/internet-archive-books-brewster-kahle Internet Archive founder turns to new information storage device – the book]". ''[[The Guardian]]'', August 1, 2011.
* Patt Morrison. "[https://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-morrison-brewster-kahle-20120128,0,4242619.column Patt Morrison Asks: The Internet Archive’s Brewster Kahle]". ''Los Angeles Times'', January 28, 2012.
* "[https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/01/26/cobweb Cobweb: Can the Internet Be Archived?]". ''The New Yorker'', January 26, 2015.
* "[http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/09/10/brewster_kahle_creator_of_the_internet_archive_should_be_the_next_librarian.html The Creator of the Internet Archive Should Be the Next Librarian of Congress]".  ''Slate'', September 10, 2015.

===Book chapters===
* {{Cite book |title=Living library: Wiel Arets: Utrecht University Library |publisher=Prestel Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=3791334557 |editor-last=Beek |editor-first=Marijke |pages=61–62 |chapter=The Internet Archive, Brewster Kahle, a man with a mission, discusses the digital library of the future |lccn=2005905470}}

===Audio/Video===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101129094656/http://www.sciencefriday.com/program/archives/201011263 "The Future of the Internet" (archived 2010)], audio ([https://web.archive.org/web/20101129203212/http://public.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/totn/2010/11/20101126_totn_03.mp3?_kip_ipx=654117878-1291062729 archived mp3]), ''Science Friday'', 1993, Brewster Kahle, then President of [[Wide area information server|WAIS]] Inc., participant.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040609110800/https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/lectures/kahle.html "Public Access to Digital Materials" (archived 2004)], Library of Congress, [[RealVideo]] (video link permanently dead) and slides, November 20, 2002
* [https://archive.org/movies/details-db.php?collection=opensource_movies&collectionid=cspan_brewster_kahle Digital Futures: "Universal Access to All Knowledge"], [[C-SPAN]], video, December 13, 2004, available on archive.org
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130729231218/http://itc.conversationsnetwork.org/shows/detail400.html "Universal Access to All Knowledge" (archived 2013)], IT Conversations, audio ([https://web.archive.org/web/20071003051838/http://cdn.conversationsnetwork.org/ITC.SDF-BrewsterKahle-2004.12.16.mp3 archived mp3]), with Brewster Kahle, Recorded December 16, 2004
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080105051110/https://www.pbs.org/cringely/nerdtv/shows/#4 Episode #4 "An Interview with Brewster Kahle" (archived 2008)], PBS NerdTV, by [[Robert X. Cringely]], video ([https://web.archive.org/web/20070308222300/https://www.pbs.org/cringely/nerdtv/player/?show=004&ext=mp4 archived video download links]), audio, and transcript, September 27, 2005
* [http://www.itconversations.com/shows/detail974.html Tech Nation interview], IT Conversations, with Dr. Moira Gunn, audio ([https://web.archive.org/web/20060303130537/http://cdn.itconversations.com/ITC.TN0606a-BrewsterKahle-2006.02.07.mp3 archived mp3]), February 7, 2006
* {{Triangulation|98|Brewster Kahle}} (2013)

==External links==
{{Commons category|Brewster Kahle}}
{{wikiquote}}
* [https://brewster.kahle.org Brewster.Kahle.org] {{--}} His personal blog
* {{Twitter|id=}}
* {{Bluesky|brewster.kahle.org}}
;Public appearances
* {{TED speaker}}
* {{C-SPAN|1012454}}
;Works
* {{IMDb name|nm1796186|Brewster Kahle}}
* {{OL author}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=26183| name=Brewster Kahle}}
* {{Librivox author |id=4195}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Brewster Kahle}}
** [https://archive.org/about/bios.php#brewster Biography] at The Internet Archive
** [https://archive.org/search?query=creator%3A%22Brewster%20Kahle%22 Search result of items created by Brewster Kahle] at the Internet Archive

{{Internet Hall of Fame}}
{{Internet Archive navbox}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kahle, Brewster}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Access to Knowledge activists]]
[[Category:American businesspeople in the computer industry]]
[[Category:American Internet celebrities]]
[[Category:American technology company founders]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from San Francisco]]
[[Category:American businesspeople in information technology]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Intellectual property activism]]
[[Category:Digital archivists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:MIT School of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:People from Scarsdale, New York]]
[[Category:Philanthropists from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Scarsdale High School alumni]]
[[Category:Thinking Machines Corporation]]
[[Category:American free speech activists]]