View source for Geography of Morocco

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{About|the geography of internationally recognized Moroccan territory|the Geography of the Southern Provinces|Geography of Western Sahara}}
{{Infobox country geography
|name = Morocco
|map = LocationMorocco.svg
|continent = Africa
|region = [[North Africa]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|27|00|N|1|00|W|type:country}}
|km area = 446,300
|km coastline = 1,835
|highest point = [[Toubkal]], 4,167 m
|lowest point = [[Sebkha Tah]], −55 m
|longest river = [[Draa River]]
|largest lake = [[Lake Aguelmame Sidi Ali]]
|climate = [[Mediterranean climate]], [[Desert climate]]
}}

[[File:Modis morocco lrg.jpg|thumb|310px|True-colour image of Morocco from [[Terra (satellite)|Terra]] spacecraft]]
[[File:Morocco Topography.png|thumb|310px|[[Topography]] of Morocco]][[Morocco]] is the northwesternmost country which spans from the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and [[Atlantic Ocean]] on the north and the west respectively, into large mountainous areas in the interior, to the [[Sahara]] desert in the far south. Morocco is a [[Northern Africa]]n country, located in the extreme northwest of Africa on the edge of continental Europe. The [[Strait of Gibraltar]] separates Spain from Morocco with a {{convert|13|km|mi}} span of water. Morocco borders the [[North Atlantic Ocean]] to the west, and the western [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the north, and has borders with [[Algeria]] and disputed [[Western Sahara]].

The terrain of Morocco is largely mountainous. The [[Atlas Mountains]] stretch from the central north to the southwest. It expands to about {{convert|1350|km|mi}} and is the dorsal spine of the country. To the north of the Atlas Mountains, there are the [[Rif Mountains]], a chain that makes part of the [[Sierra Nevada (Spain)|Sierra Nevada]] mountain range in Andalusia, Spain. The massive range expands to about {{convert|250|km|mi}} from [[Tangier]] in the west to [[Nador]] eastward.

In the west of the country, along the Atlantic coast, the Moroccan Plateau stretches from Tangier to [[Essaouira]] and get inward to Saiss Plains near [[Fez, Morocco|Fez]] and Tansift-Alhaouz near [[Marrakesh]]. These vast plains promotes fertile agricultural lands and support 15% of the local economy.

In the extreme southeast of the country, the lands are arid due to their proximity to the Sahara Desert. Palm trees oasis are developed in many regions, notably in [[Figuig]] and [[Mount Zagora|Zagora]].

==Geography statistics==
[[File:MoroccoWesternSaharaOMC.png|thumb|350x350px|Morocco's and Western Sahara's cities and main towns]][[Geographic coordinates|Coordinates]]:
{{coord|32|00|N|5|00|W|type:country}}

'''Area''':
<br>''total:''
446,550km²
<br>''land:''
446,302km² (or 712,200km²)
<br>''water:''
250km²

'''Land boundaries:'''
<br>''total:''
2,018.9km
<br>''border countries:''
[[Algeria]] 1 559km, [[Western Sahara]] 444km, [[Spain]] ([[Ceuta]]) 6.3km, Spain ([[Melilla]]) 9.6km

'''Coastline:'''
1835&nbsp;km

'''Maritime claims:'''
<br>''Territorial sea:''
{{convert|12|nmi|km mi|1|abbr=on}}
<br>''Contiguous zone:''
{{convert|24|nmi|km mi|1|abbr=on|lk=in}}
<br>''[[Exclusive economic zone]]:''
{{convert|575,230|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} with {{convert|200|nmi|km|1|abbr=on}}
<br>''Continental shelf:''
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

==Climate==
[[File:Morocco Köppen.svg|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] in Morocco]]

Morocco's climate can be divided into two parts: The northwest and the southeast. In the southeast, the climate is arid and poorly populated. The northwest has a mild climate, and 95% of the Moroccan population lives in these regions.

The largely populated areas of the northwest of the country mostly have a [[Mediterranean climate]], but since the country is heavily mountainous, [[continental climate|continental]] and [[alpine climate|alpine]] influence is evident, as well as the [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] influence along the Atlantic coastline. And finally, the semi-arid lands, that cover few regions in the northeast, the central-south, and the southwest.

Along the Mediterranean coast, the climate is typically Mediterranean and supports all types of typical Mediterranean vegetation. The summers are moderately hot and the winters are mild. Further away from the coast, into the Rif Mountain range, the climate starts to become more continental in character, with colder winters and hotter summers. At elevations above {{convert|1000|m}}, the climate is alpine with warm summers and cold winters. Rainfall is much higher on the west side than it is on the east side. The average annual precipitation is between {{convert|600|and|1500|mm|abbr=on}}, and {{convert|300|and|700|mm|abbr=on}} respectively. Snow is abundant at higher elevations.

# Typical Mediterranean climate cities: [[Tangier]], [[Tétouan]], [[Al Hoceima]], [[Nador]]
# Typical continental-influenced cities: [[Chefchaouen]], [[Issaguen]], [[Targuist]], [[Taza]]
# Typical alpine-influenced cities: [[Bab Berred]]

Along the Atlantic coast, the climate is Mediterranean with oceanic influence. The imprint of the oceanic climate differs along the coastline from region to region. It is generally present from [[Asilah]] to [[Essaouira]]. The summers are warm to moderately hot, and winters are cooler than on the Mediterranean coast. Further away from the coastal lands, into the Atlas Mountain range, the climate starts to become more continental in character, with colder winters and hotter summers. At elevations above {{convert|1000|m}}, the climate is typically alpine, with warm summers and cold winters. Rainfall is generally high. The average annual precipitations is between {{convert|500|and|1800|mm|abbr=on}} on the north, but as you move southward, the average drops by about {{convert|100|to|200|mm|abbr=on}}. Snow is abundant at higher elevations. There are two ski stations, one in the middle-Atlas [[Mischliffen]], and the other in the High-Atlas [[Oukaïmeden]].

# Typical oceanic-influenced cities: [[Rabat]], [[Casablanca]], [[Essaouira]], [[Larache]]
# Typical continental-influenced cities: [[Fez, Morocco|Fez]], [[Meknès]], [[Khenifra]], [[Beni Mellal]]
# Typical alpine-influenced cities: [[Ifrane]], [[Azrou]], [[Midelt]], [[Imouzzer Kandar]]

The southern regions of the northwest are semi-arid. Rainfall is lower, and is between {{convert|250|and|350|mm|abbr=on}} annually. Although temperature ranges generally do not change in comparison with the upper provinces, a slight increase in high averages is not to be dismissed. Largely due to the lower latitudes where they fall.

Typical cities with such climate are [[Agadir]] and [[Marrakesh]].

{{Weather box
|location = Casablanca (1981–2010)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 31.1
|Feb record high C = 29.4
|Mar record high C = 32.2
|Apr record high C = 32.8
|May record high C = 36.6
|Jun record high C = 37.8
|Jul record high C = 40.1
|Aug record high C = 39.5
|Sep record high C = 40.5
|Oct record high C = 36.6
|Nov record high C = 34.7
|Dec record high C = 30.3
|year record high C = 40.5
|Jan high C = 17.3
|Feb high C = 18.0
|Mar high C = 19.6
|Apr high C = 20.3
|May high C = 21.9
|Jun high C = 24.1
|Jul high C = 25.9
|Aug high C = 26.3
|Sep high C = 25.8
|Oct high C = 23.9
|Nov high C = 21.0
|Dec high C = 18.7
|year high C = 21.9
|Jan mean C = 12.8
|Feb mean C = 13.8
|Mar mean C = 15.3
|Apr mean C = 16.4
|May mean C = 18.5
|Jun mean C = 21.2
|Jul mean C = 23.0
|Aug mean C = 23.4
|Sep mean C = 22.4
|Oct mean C = 20.0
|Nov mean C = 16.7
|Dec mean C = 14.5
|year mean C = 18.2
|Jan low C = 8.3
|Feb low C = 9.5
|Mar low C = 11.0
|Apr low C = 12.5
|May low C = 15.0
|Jun low C = 18.2
|Jul low C = 20.1
|Aug low C = 20.5
|Sep low C = 19.1
|Oct low C = 16.1
|Nov low C = 12.5
|Dec low C = 10.2
|year low C = 14.4
|Jan record low C = -1.5
|Feb record low C = -0.7
|Mar record low C = 2.3
|Apr record low C = 5.0
|May record low C = 7.4
|Jun record low C = 10.0
|Jul record low C = 13.0
|Aug record low C = 13.0
|Sep record low C = 10.0
|Oct record low C = 7.0
|Nov record low C = 4.6
|Dec record low C = -2.7
|year record low C = -2.7
|Jan rain mm = 64.4
|Feb rain mm = 54.7
|Mar rain mm = 36.6
|Apr rain mm = 31.8
|May rain mm = 13.1
|Jun rain mm = 3.0
|Jul rain mm = 0.9
|Aug rain mm = 0.5
|Sep rain mm = 9.8
|Oct rain mm = 37.0
|Nov rain mm = 76.8
|Dec rain mm = 69.7
|year rain mm = 398.3
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain days = 9
|Feb rain days = 9
|Mar rain days = 7
|Apr rain days = 8
|May rain days = 6
|Jun rain days = 2
|Jul rain days = 1
|Aug rain days = 1
|Sep rain days = 3
|Oct rain days = 7
|Nov rain days = 9
|Dec rain days = 11
|year rain days = 72
|Jan humidity = 83
|Feb humidity = 83
|Mar humidity = 82
|Apr humidity = 80
|May humidity = 79
|Jun humidity = 81
|Jul humidity = 82
|Aug humidity = 83
|Sep humidity = 83
|Oct humidity = 82
|Nov humidity = 82
|Dec humidity = 84
|year humidity = 82
|Jan sun = 203.0
|Feb sun = 200.0
|Mar sun = 246.8
|Apr sun = 269.4
|May sun = 305.4
|Jun sun = 296.0
|Jul sun = 305.1
|Aug sun = 297.2
|Sep sun = 263.1
|Oct sun = 240.8
|Nov sun = 208.0
|Dec sun = 195.2
|year sun = 3030.0
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60155.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 10 November 2021
| archive-date = 11 November 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211111001949/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60155.csv
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Pogoda.ru.net (humidity, rain days and extremes)<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate2/60155.htm
|title = Climate Averages for Casablanca
|language = ru
|publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
|access-date = 15 October 2016}}</ref> 
}}

{{Weather box
| location = Fez ([[Fès–Saïs Airport]]), altitude: {{convert|579|m|abbr=on}} 1981–2010
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 25.0
| Feb record high C = 30.5
| Mar record high C = 33.3
| Apr record high C = 37.0
| May record high C = 40.8
| Jun record high C = 44.0
| Jul record high C = 46.7
| Aug record high C = 44.4
| Sep record high C = 41.7
| Oct record high C = 37.5
| Nov record high C = 31.2
| Dec record high C = 27.0
| year record high C = 46.7
| Jan high C = 15.4
| Feb high C = 17.0
| Mar high C = 19.8
| Apr high C = 21.2
| May high C = 25.0
| Jun high C = 30.4
| Jul high C = 34.7
| Aug high C = 34.2
| Sep high C = 30.3
| Oct high C = 25.4
| Nov high C = 19.9
| Dec high C = 16.5
| year high C = 24.1
| Jan mean C = 9.3
| Feb mean C = 10.7
| Mar mean C = 13.1
| Apr mean C = 14.5
| May mean C = 17.8
| Jun mean C = 22.4
| Jul mean C = 26.1
| Aug mean C = 25.9
| Sep mean C = 22.8
| Oct mean C = 18.7
| Nov mean C = 13.9
| Dec mean C = 10.8
| year mean C = 17.2
| Jan low C = 3.2
| Feb low C = 4.5
| Mar low C = 6.3
| Apr low C = 7.8
| May low C = 10.7
| Jun low C = 14.4
| Jul low C = 17.5
| Aug low C = 17.6
| Sep low C = 15.4
| Oct low C = 11.9
| Nov low C = 8.0
| Dec low C = 5.1
| year low C = 10.2
| Jan record low C = -8.2
| Feb record low C = -4.9
| Mar record low C = -2.5
| Apr record low C = -0.5
| May record low C = 0.0
| Jun record low C = 4.9
| Jul record low C = 8.5
| Aug record low C = 9.2
| Sep record low C = 5.9
| Oct record low C = 0.0
| Nov record low C = -1.4
| Dec record low C = -5.0
| year record low C = -8.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 55.7
| Feb rain mm = 55.8
| Mar rain mm = 52.3
| Apr rain mm = 57.2
| May rain mm = 33.9
| Jun rain mm = 10.6
| Jul rain mm = 1.0
| Aug rain mm = 4.5
| Sep rain mm = 18.9
| Oct rain mm = 50.1
| Nov rain mm = 61.2
| Dec rain mm = 69.2
| year rain mm = 470.4
| Jan rain days = 12.1
| Feb rain days = 13.2
| Mar rain days = 13.5
| Apr rain days = 13.5
| May rain days = 10.2
| Jun rain days = 5.3
| Jul rain days = 1.6
| Aug rain days = 1.8
| Sep rain days = 4.7
| Oct rain days = 9.1
| Nov rain days = 12.7
| Dec rain days = 12.1
| year rain days = 
| Jan snow days = 0.2
| Feb snow days = 0.0
| Mar snow days = 0.0
| Apr snow days = 0.0
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 0.0
| Dec snow days = 0.0
| year snow days = 0.2
| Jan sun = 210.6
| Feb sun = 201.1
| Mar sun = 244.0
| Apr sun = 246.5
| May sun = 278.0
| Jun sun = 315.0
| Jul sun = 338.0
| Aug sun = 320.4
| Sep sun = 382.5
| Oct sun = 245.5
| Nov sun = 205.2
| Dec sun = 199.8
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 60
| Feb percentsun = 55
| Mar percentsun = 58
| Apr percentsun = 62
| May percentsun = 64
| Jun percentsun = 71
| Jul percentsun = 79
| Aug percentsun = 77
| Sep percentsun = 75
| Oct percentsun = 64
| Nov percentsun = 60
| Dec percentsun = 60
| year percentsun = 
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]],<ref name=WMOCLINOFez>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60141.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 10 November 2021}}</ref> NOAA (precipitation days 1961–1990)<ref name= "ftp.atdd.noaa.gov">{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG__I/FM/60141.TXT
| title = Fes–Sais Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 10 November 2021}}</ref>
| source 2 = Meoweather.com,<ref name=Meoweatherfez>{{cite web|title=Weather history for Fez, Figuig, Morocco : Fez average weather by month|url=http://www.meoweather.com/history/Morocco/na/34.0527778/-4.9827778/Fez.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605060443/http://www.meoweather.com/history/Morocco/na/34.0527778/-4.9827778/Fez.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 June 2012|website=Meoweather.com|access-date=20 July 2014}}</ref> Voodoo skies for extremes<ref name="voodooskies.com">{{cite web|url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/morocco/fes/monthly/temperature|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006064153/http://voodooskies.com/weather/morocco/fes/monthly/temperature|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-10-06|title=Voodoo Skies - Fes Monthly Temperature weather history|date=October 6, 2015}}</ref> Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/morocco/fes-climate |title=Fes, Morocco - Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=March 2, 2017 |archive-date=March 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302025735/http://www.weather-atlas.com/en/morocco/fes-climate |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box|location = Marrakesh, Morocco ([[Marrakesh Menara Airport]]) 1981–2010, extremes 1900–present
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 30.1
|Feb record high C = 34.3
|Mar record high C = 37.0
|Apr record high C = 39.6
|May record high C = 44.4
|Jun record high C = 46.9
|Jul record high C = 49.6
|Aug record high C = 48.6
|Sep record high C = 44.8
|Oct record high C = 38.7
|Nov record high C = 35.2
|Dec record high C = 30.0
|year record high C = 49.6
|Jan high C = 18.6
|Feb high C = 20.5
|Mar high C = 23.5
|Apr high C = 25.0
|May high C = 28.3
|Jun high C = 32.8
|Jul high C = 37.2
|Aug high C = 36.6
|Sep high C = 32.5
|Oct high C = 27.9
|Nov high C = 22.9
|Dec high C = 19.6
|year high C = 27.1
|Jan mean C = 12.2
|Feb mean C = 14.2
|Mar mean C = 17.0
|Apr mean C = 18.4
|May mean C = 21.3
|Jun mean C = 25.1
|Jul mean C = 28.9
|Aug mean C = 28.6
|Sep mean C = 25.6
|Oct mean C = 21.6
|Nov mean C = 16.8
|Dec mean C = 13.5
|year mean C = 20.3
|Jan low C = 5.8
|Feb low C = 8.0
|Mar low C = 10.4
|Apr low C = 11.9
|May low C = 14.4
|Jun low C = 17.5
|Jul low C = 20.5
|Aug low C = 20.6
|Sep low C = 18.7
|Oct low C = 15.3
|Nov low C = 10.7
|Dec low C = 7.3
|year low C = 13.4
|Jan record low C = -2.3
|Feb record low C = -3.0
|Mar record low C = 0.4
|Apr record low C = 2.8
|May record low C = 6.8
|Jun record low C = 9.0
|Jul record low C = 10.4
|Aug record low C = 6.0
|Sep record low C = 10.0
|Oct record low C = 1.1
|Nov record low C = 0.0
|Dec record low C = -1.6
|year record low C = -3.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 29.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 29.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 36.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 24.4
|May precipitation mm = 10.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 4.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 2.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 2.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 9.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 17.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 28.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 24.6
|year precipitation mm = 220.3
|Jan precipitation days = 7.6
|Feb precipitation days = 6.8
|Mar precipitation days = 7.5
|Apr precipitation days = 7.7
|May precipitation days = 4.8
|Jun precipitation days = 1.2
|Jul precipitation days = 0.6
|Aug precipitation days = 1.2
|Sep precipitation days = 2.8
|Oct precipitation days = 5.5
|Nov precipitation days = 6.6
|Dec precipitation days = 6.5
|year precipitation days = 58.8
|Jan humidity = 65
|Feb humidity = 66
|Mar humidity = 61
|Apr humidity = 60
|May humidity = 58
|Jun humidity = 55
|Jul humidity = 47
|Aug humidity = 47
|Sep humidity = 52
|Oct humidity = 59
|Nov humidity = 62
|Dec humidity = 65
|year humidity = 58
|Jan sun = 230.1
|Feb sun = 216.5
|Mar sun = 252.8
|Apr sun = 270.2
|May sun = 303.1
|Jun sun = 359.7
|Jul sun = 330.4
|Aug sun = 315.1
|Sep sun = 268.8
|Oct sun = 251.5
|Nov sun = 228.9
|Dec sun = 226.6
|year sun = 
|Jan percentsun = 71
|Feb percentsun = 68
|Mar percentsun = 67
|Apr percentsun = 65
|May percentsun = 66
|Jun percentsun = 75
|Jul percentsun = 77
|Aug percentsun = 78
|Sep percentsun = 73
|Oct percentsun = 72
|Nov percentsun = 65
|Dec percentsun = 71
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]],<ref name=WMOCLINOmarrakesh>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60230.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 10 November 2021
| archive-date = 11 November 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211111003524/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60230.csv
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> NOAA (precipitation days 1961–1990),<ref name= NOAAmarrakesh>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG__I/FM/60230.TXT
| title = Marrakech (Marrakesh) Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = January 26, 2016
| archive-date = June 8, 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200608012601/http://ftp//ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/FM/60230.TXT/
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Weather Atlas (percent sunshine) <ref name="Weather Atlasmarrakesh">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/morocco/marrakesh-climate |title=Marrakesh, Morocco - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=8 February 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123948/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/morocco/marrakesh-climate |url-status=live}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (record highs for February, April, May, September and November, and humidity),<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_602300_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Marrakech / Marokko
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = January 26, 2016
| archive-date = March 27, 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190327132654/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_602300_kt.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref>  Meteo Climat (record highs and record lows for June, July and August only)<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1557
| title = Station Menara
| publisher = Météo Climat
| language = fr
| access-date = October 14, 2016
| archive-date = November 17, 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181117124910/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1557
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box
|location = Ouarzazate (1981–2010, extremes 1941–1963 and 1965–present){{efn|The record highs and lows are based on the Deutscher Wetterdienst link for the period 1941–1963 while records beyond 1965 come from the Meteo Climat link. As a result, the most extreme values from either source are used.}}
|single line = yes
|metric first = yes
|Jan record high C = 26.6
|Feb record high C = 29.8
|Mar record high C = 32.0
|Apr record high C = 34.8
|May record high C = 39.2
|Jun record high C = 43.6
|Jul record high C = 43.4
|Aug record high C = 44.0
|Sep record high C = 43.2
|Oct record high C = 34.9
|Nov record high C = 30.5
|Dec record high C = 27.0
|year record high C = 44.0
|Jan high C = 16.8
|Feb high C = 19.1
|Mar high C = 22.6
|Apr high C = 25.9
|May high C = 29.8
|Jun high C = 34.9
|Jul high C = 38.2
|Aug high C = 37.1
|Sep high C = 32.8
|Oct high C = 27.0
|Nov high C = 21.5
|Dec high C = 17.4
|year high C = 26.9
|Jan mean C = 9.4
|Feb mean C = 12.0
|Mar mean C = 15.5
|Apr mean C = 18.7
|May mean C = 22.5
|Jun mean C = 27.1
|Jul mean C = 30.3
|Aug mean C = 29.4
|Sep mean C = 25.5
|Oct mean C = 20.1
|Nov mean C = 14.4
|Dec mean C = 10.4
|year mean C = 19.6
|Jan low C = 2.0
|Feb low C = 4.8
|Mar low C = 8.4
|Apr low C = 11.5
|May low C = 15.1
|Jun low C = 19.3
|Jul low C = 22.5
|Aug low C = 21.7
|Sep low C = 18.1
|Oct low C = 13.1
|Nov low C = 7.3
|Dec low C = 3.3
|year low C = 12.3
|Jan record low C = -7.0
|Feb record low C = -5.4
|Mar record low C = -2.0
|Apr record low C = -1.0
|May record low C = 3.6
|Jun record low C = 7.6
|Jul record low C = 13.0
|Aug record low C = 12.6
|Sep record low C = 9.0
|Oct record low C = 4.0
|Nov record low C = -2.6
|Dec record low C = -4.9
|year record low C = -7.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 8.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 18.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 13.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 7.0
|May precipitation mm = 4.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 6.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 3.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 9.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 11.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 15.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 10.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 12.7
|year precipitation mm = 120.9
|Jan precipitation days = 2.9
|Feb precipitation days = 2.8
|Mar precipitation days = 2.2
|Apr precipitation days = 2.0
|May precipitation days = 2.3
|Jun precipitation days = 1.3
|Jul precipitation days = 1.6
|Aug precipitation days = 3.3
|Sep precipitation days = 4.9
|Oct precipitation days = 3.4
|Nov precipitation days = 3.8
|Dec precipitation days = 2.4
|year precipitation days = 32.9
|Jan humidity = 54
|Feb humidity = 46
|Mar humidity = 42
|Apr humidity = 38
|May humidity = 33
|Jun humidity = 27
|Jul humidity = 22
|Aug humidity = 27
|Sep humidity = 34
|Oct humidity = 42
|Nov humidity = 61
|Dec humidity = 64
|year humidity = 41
|Jan sun = 261.8
|Feb sun = 251.5
|Mar sun = 291.7
|Apr sun = 317.8
|May sun = 343.2
|Jun sun = 336.7
|Jul sun = 316.3
|Aug sun = 294.9
|Sep sun = 273.2
|Oct sun = 273.1
|Nov sun = 256.5
|Dec sun = 250.3
|year sun = 
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]],<ref name=WMOCLINOouarz>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60265.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 10 November 2021
| archive-date = 11 November 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211111004259/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60265.csv
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> NOAA (precipitation days 1961–1990)<ref name= NOAAouarz>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG__I/FM/60265.TXT
| title = Ouarzazate Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = March 16, 2015}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (record highs for February, May, July, August, and November, record lows, and humidity)<ref name = ouarzDWD>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_602650_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Ouarzazate / Marokko
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = October 14, 2016}}</ref> Meteo Climat (all other record highs and record lows for June, July, September and October only)<ref name = meteoclimatouarz>
{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=747
| title = Station Ouarzazate
| publisher = Météo Climat 
| language = fr 
| access-date = October 14, 2016}}</ref>
|date=November, 2011
}}

=== Climate change ===
{{Excerpt|Climate change in Morocco}}
As of 2020, Morocco has been hit with unseasonal heatwaves.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://phys.org/news/2021-07-morocco-swelters-heatwave.html | title=Morocco swelters in a record heatwave }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/05/348918/morocco-to-experience-heatwave-until-wednesday | title=Morocco to Experience Heatwave Until Wednesday }}</ref>

==Physical geography==
[[File:Valley of Ammeln.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Anti-Atlas]] mountain range]]
The northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains. The northern mountains are geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes.

Morocco occupies a strategic location along the [[Strait of Gibraltar]], the waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean.

'''Elevation extremes:'''
<br>''Lowest point:''
[[Sebkha Tah]] −55 m
<br>''Highest point:''
[[Toubkal]] mountain 4,165 m

'''Longest river:''' [[Draa River]] (1,100&nbsp;km)

==Land use and natural resources==
'''Natural resources:'''
[[Phosphates]], [[Iron]] ore, [[Manganese]], [[Lead]], [[Zinc]], [[Fish]], [[Salt]]

'''Land use:'''
<br>''Arable land:''
17.5%
<br>''Permanent crops:''
2.9%
<br>''Permanent pastures:''
47.1%
<br>''Forests:''
11.5%
<br>''Other:''
21.61% (2011)

'''Irrigated land:'''
14,850&nbsp;km² (2004)

'''Total renewable water resources:'''
29&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup> (2011)

'''Natural hazards:'''
periodic droughts

==Environment==

===Ecoregions===
{{main|List of ecoregions in Morocco}}

====[[Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub]]====
* [[Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe]]
* [[Mediterranean woodlands and forests]]
* [[Mediterranean Acacia-Argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets]]

====[[Temperate coniferous forests]]====
* [[Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests]]

====[[Montane grasslands and shrublands]]====
* [[Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe]]

====[[Deserts and xeric shrublands]]====
* [[North Saharan steppe and woodlands]]

====Freshwater ecoregions====
* [[Permanent Maghreb]]
* [[Temporary Maghreb]]

====Marine ecoregions====
* [[Alboran Sea]]
* [[Saharan Upwelling]]

===Current environmental issues===
Land degradation/[[desertification]] (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, [[overgrazing]], destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters.

===International environmental agreements===
''Morocco is party to:''
[[Biodiversity]], [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|Climate Change]], [[Kyoto Protocol|Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol]], [[Desertification]], [[Endangered Species]], [[Hazardous Wastes]], [[Law of the Sea]], [[Marine Dumping]], [[Ozone Layer Protection]], Ship Pollution ([[MARPOL 73/78]]), [[Wetlands]], [[Whaling]]
<br>''signed, but not ratified:''
[[Environmental Modification]]

=== Tree cover extent and loss ===
[[Global Forest Watch]] publishes annual estimates of tree cover loss and 2000 tree cover extent derived from time-series analysis of [[Landsat program|Landsat]] satellite imagery in the Global Forest Change dataset.<ref name="GFWMARdashboard">{{cite web
 |title=Morocco Deforestation Rates & Statistics
 |website=Global Forest Watch
 |url=https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/MAR/
}}</ref><ref name="HansenEtAl2013">{{cite journal
 |last1=Hansen
 |first1=Matthew C.
 |last2=Potapov
 |first2=Peter V.
 |last3=Moore
 |first3=Rebecca
 |last4=Hancher
 |first4=Matt
 |last5=Turubanova
 |first5=Svetlana A.
 |last6=Tyukavina
 |first6=Alexandra
 |display-authors=3
 |title=High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change
 |journal=Science
 |volume=342
 |issue=6160
 |year=2013
 |pages=850-853
 |doi=10.1126/science.1244693
}}</ref><ref name="GFWTCLossAbout">{{cite web
 |title=Tree cover loss
 |website=Global Forest Watch Open Data Portal
 |url=https://data.globalforestwatch.org/documents/gfw::tree-cover-loss/about
}}</ref><ref name="GFWTCCover2000About">{{cite web
 |title=Tree cover (2000)
 |website=Global Forest Watch Open Data Portal
 |url=https://data.globalforestwatch.org/documents/gfw::tree-cover-2000/about
}}</ref> In this framework, tree cover refers to vegetation taller than 5 m (including natural forests and tree plantations), and tree cover loss is defined as the complete removal of tree cover canopy for a given year, regardless of cause.<ref name="GFRTreeCoverLoss2023">{{cite web
 |title=How much forest was lost in 2023?
 |website=Global Forest Review
 |url=https://gfr.wri.org/global-tree-cover-loss-data-2023
}}</ref>

For Morocco, country statistics report cumulative tree cover loss of {{convert|60012|ha|km2|abbr=on}} from 2001 to 2024 (about 9.3% of its 2000 tree cover area).<ref name="GFWMARdashboard" /> For tree cover density greater than 30%, country statistics report a 2000 tree cover extent of {{convert|648566|ha|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="GFWMARdashboard" /> The charts and table below display this data. In simple terms, the annual loss number is the area where tree cover disappeared in that year, and the extent number shows what remains of the 2000 tree cover baseline after subtracting cumulative loss. Forest regrowth is not included in the dataset.<ref name="GFWMARdashboard" /><ref name="GFRTreeCoverLoss2023" />

{{ChartDirect
 |type=bar
 |align=center
 |width=100%
 |x=2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024
 |xType=integer
 |y1=18.68,39.22,20.43,14.41,15.26,22.22,25.13,34.09,11.97,9.89,33.92,16.90,8.36,16.82,9.52,20.41,23.67,20.78,12.51,36.20,15.39,120.17,40.06,14.11
 |y1Title=Annual tree cover loss (km²)
 |caption=Annual tree cover loss in Morocco, 2001–2024.<ref name="GFWMARdashboard" />
}}

{{ChartDirect
 |type=line
 |align=center
 |width=100%
 |x=2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024
 |xType=integer
 |y1=6466.98,6427.76,6407.33,6392.92,6377.66,6355.44,6330.31,6296.22,6284.25,6274.36,6240.44,6223.54,6215.18,6198.36,6188.84,6168.43,6144.76,6123.98,6111.47,6075.27,6059.88,5939.71,5899.65,5885.54
 |y1Title=Extent minus cumulative loss (km²)
 |caption=Tree cover extent in 2000 minus cumulative tree cover loss in Morocco, 2001–2024 (loss-only residual; does not account for gain).<ref name="GFWMARdashboard" />
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:right;"
|+ Annual tree cover extent and loss<ref name="GFWMARdashboard" />
! Year
! Tree cover extent (km2){{efn|name=regrowth|This residual measure does not include forest regrowth.}}
! Annual tree cover loss (km2)
|-
| 2001 || 6,466.98 || 18.68
|-
| 2002 || 6,427.76 || 39.22
|-
| 2003 || 6,407.33 || 20.43
|-
| 2004 || 6,392.92 || 14.41
|-
| 2005 || 6,377.66 || 15.26
|-
| 2006 || 6,355.44 || 22.22
|-
| 2007 || 6,330.31 || 25.13
|-
| 2008 || 6,296.22 || 34.09
|-
| 2009 || 6,284.25 || 11.97
|-
| 2010 || 6,274.36 || 9.89
|-
| 2011 || 6,240.44 || 33.92
|-
| 2012 || 6,223.54 || 16.90
|-
| 2013 || 6,215.18 || 8.36
|-
| 2014 || 6,198.36 || 16.82
|-
| 2015 || 6,188.84 || 9.52
|-
| 2016 || 6,168.43 || 20.41
|-
| 2017 || 6,144.76 || 23.67
|-
| 2018 || 6,123.98 || 20.78
|-
| 2019 || 6,111.47 || 12.51
|-
| 2020 || 6,075.27 || 36.20
|-
| 2021 || 6,059.88 || 15.39
|-
| 2022 || 5,939.71 || 120.17
|-
| 2023 || 5,899.65 || 40.06
|-
| 2024 || 5,885.54 || 14.11
|}

== Extreme points ==

This is a list of the extreme points of Morocco, the points that are farther north, east or west than any other location.
* Northernmost point – [[Pointe Leona]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Geographical Names: Pointe Leona, Morocco|url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-61992&fid=3969&c=morocco|access-date=29 April 2021|publication-date=}}</ref> [[Tangier-Tétouan-Al Hoceima]] region
* Easternmost point – unnamed point on the border with [[Algeria]] immediately east of the town of [[Iche, Morocco|Iche]], [[Oriental, Morocco|Oriental]] region
* Westernmost point –  the point at which the border with [[Western Sahara]] enters the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Guelmim-Oued Noun]] region
** ''Note: Morocco does not have a southernmost point, its southern border with Western Sahara following latitude 27° 40′ north.''

==See also==
* [[Climate of Morocco]]
* [[List of rivers of Morocco]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{wikiatlas|Morocco}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070906065141/http://eusoils.jrc.it/esdb_archive/EuDASM/africa/lists/cma.htm European Digital Archive on the Soil Maps of the world] Soil Maps of Morocco
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121014053842/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html CIA Factbook: Morocco]

{{Geography of Africa}}
{{Africa topic|Climate of}}

[[Category:Geography of Morocco| ]]
[[Category:Climate change in Morocco]]