View source for Hanworth

{{Short description|District of west London, England}}
{{about|the area of London}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2015}}
{{infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| region                   = London
| official_name            = Hanworth
| coordinates              = {{coord|51.431|-0.381|display=inline,title}}
| population               = {{#expr:{{london ward populations|00ATGF|population}}+{{london ward populations|00ATGG|population}}}}
| population_ref           = ({{london ward populations|00ATGF|ward}}, {{london ward populations|00ATGG|ward}} wards {{London ward populations|year}})<ref name=ons>[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030211201309/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/ |date=11 February 2003 }} 2011 census ''[[Office for National Statistics]]''</ref>
| area_total_km2           = 6.89
| civil_parish             = <!-- Unparished area -->
| static_image_2_name      = Tudor House, Castle Way, Hanworth - geograph.org.uk - 1750752.jpg
| static_image_2_caption   = Tudor House in Castle Way, Hanworth.
| constituency_westminster = [[Feltham and Heston (UK Parliament constituency)|Feltham and Heston]]
| post_town                = HOUNSLOW
| postcode_area            = TW
| postcode_district        = TW4
| post_town1               = FELTHAM
| postcode_area1           = TW
| postcode_district1       = TW13
| london_borough           = Hounslow
| dial_code                = 020
| os_grid_reference        = TQ3682
| static_image_name        =
| static_image_caption     =  
}}
'''Hanworth''' is a district of [[West London]], England. Historically in [[Middlesex]], it has been part of the [[London Borough of Hounslow]] since 1965. Hanworth adjoins [[Feltham]] to the northwest, [[Twickenham]] to the northeast and [[Hampton, London|Hampton]] to the southeast, with [[Sunbury-on-Thames]] to the southwest.

The name is thought to come from the [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] words ''haen/han'' and ''worth'', meaning "small homestead".{{sfn |Cameron |2002}}

==History==
During [[Edward the Confessor]]’s time, Hanworth was a sparsely populated [[Manorialism|manor]] and [[parish]] held by Ulf, a "huscarl" of the King. [[Housecarl|Huscarls]] were the bodyguards of Scandinavian Kings and were often the only professional soldiers in the Kingdom. The majority of huscarls in the kingdom were killed at [[Battle of Hastings|Hastings]] in 1066, and [[William the Conqueror]] granted Hanworth to Robert under [[Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury|Roger de Montgomery]], the Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury. After his death, his second son held the land until his death in the Mowbray conspiracy of 1098, after which it passed to his eldest son, [[Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury|Robert de Bellesme]], who also rebelled against the Crown in 1102 with the result that the lands were confiscated.

Towards the end of the 14th century, the manor was occupied by [[Nicholas Brembre|Sir Nicholas Brembre]], who was [[Mayor of London]] in 1377 and 1378. Sir Nicholas was hanged at Tyburn in 1387, having been accused of treason.

{{anchor|Assurance of Manor of Hanworth Act 1514}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Assurance of Manor of Hanworth Act 1514
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of England
| long_title            = Thassurance of the titles of the Kinges Manour of Hanworth.
| year                  = 1514
| citation              = {{ubli|[[6 Hen. 8]]. c. 23{{efn|name=StatutesOfTheRealm|reference=This is the citation in ''[[The Statutes of the Realm]]''.}}|[[6 Hen. 8]]. c. ''5'' {{small|Pr.}}{{efn|name=StatutesAtLarge|reference=This is the citation in ''[[The Statutes at Large]]''.}}}}
| territorial_extent    = [[England and Wales]]
| royal_assent          = 31 March 1515
| commencement          = 5 February 1515{{efn|Start of session.}}
| repeal_date           = 31 July 1978
| repealing_legislation = [[Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1978]]
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = Repealed
| original_text         = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017915533&seq=199
| collapsed             = yes
}}
In 1512, Hanworth came to the Crown, and [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], who enjoyed hunting on [[Hounslow Heath|the heath surrounding the village]], gave the manor to [[Anne Boleyn]] for life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Warnicke |first=Retha |title=The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn |date=1989 |pages=116}}</ref> After her execution, the manor returned to the King who held it until his death in 1547 but passing to [[Katherine Parr]], who lived in the house with her stepdaughter [[Elizabeth I of England|Princess Elizabeth]]. When the princess became Queen, she stayed at Hanworth Manor several times, often hunting on the heath.

In June 1544, when her sister [[Anne Herbert, Countess of Pembroke|Anne Parr]] had a baby, Queen Katherine Parr offered her sister the use of her own manor at Hanworth for the childbirth. The Queen frequently dispatched messengers to Hanworth to check on her sister's well-being and arranged for a sisable group from her household to attend the baby's christening. By July, there were still exchanges of messages between the Queen in London and her sister at Hanworth. Shortly thereafter, Anne made the short journey to the Hertfords' new residence, Syon House, to visit [[Anne Seymour, Duchess of Somerset|Anne Stanhope, Countess of Hertford]], and her newborn.<ref>''Kateryn Parr: The Making of a Queen'' (1999) by Susan E. James, p. 153</ref>
[[Image:Charles Tomkins - Hanworth Park, Middlesex - B1975.2.7 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|thumb|Undated painting of Hanworth Park by Charles Tomkins (1757-1823).]]

In 1784, [[William Roy|General Sir William Roy]], the military draughtsman, supervised the [[Principal Triangulation of Great Britain]] project. That measured a base line from King's Arbour, across [[Hounslow Heath]] passing through Hanworth Park, to [[Hampton, London|Hampton]] Poor House. This measurement, which earned the General the [[Copley medal]] of the [[Royal Society]], was the origin of all subsequent surveys of the [[United Kingdom]], and still forms the basis of the [[Ordnance Survey]] maps today.{{sfn |Cameron |2002}}

In 1797, the manor house was destroyed by fire, leaving only the stable block, which survives today as flats, and the coach house, which was converted into homes. ''c.'' 1799 a new house was built on the same site known as Hanworth House. In 1827 the house and estate of ''c.'' 680 acres (known as Hanworth Great Park), including three farms was sold outright to Henry Perkins.<ref>''The Morning Post'' 6 June 1827</ref> During the 1830s the current building known as Hanworth Park House was built.<ref>The Articles of Sale for the auction of 19 June 1873 (London Metropolitan Archive ref. ACC/1023/383) state that Hanworth Park House was built ''c.''1832.</ref> This building is currently sitting derelict in the middle of [[Hanworth Park]]. A local campaign is running to restore the house.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-41971387 Hanworth Park House: Listed building 'could fall down' without restoration], ''BBC News''</ref>

By the end of the 19th century, [[William Whiteley]], of [[Whiteleys]] in [[Bayswater]], had bought {{convert|200|acre|km2}} of farmland that had previously been Butts and Glebe farms. Renamed Hanworth Farms, these supplied all the produce for the store's food hall having been transported daily by horse and cart. Following Whiteley's murder by his illegitimate son in 1907, his legitimate sons sold the farm to a jam manufacturer who operated there until selling the land for new homes in 1933.{{sfn |Cameron |2002}}
[[Image:War Memorial, Hanworth (geograph 1828965).jpg|thumb|Hanworth War Memorial]]

===Manors===
{{main article|Hanworth Park}}
The Ambassador to [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], negotiating the secret treaty of 1631 with Spain, who had good knowledge of the country, was raised to the peerage as [[Baron Cottington]] of Hanworth, referring to his Hanworth Park estate, receiving the honour 'at Greenwich in a very solemn manner.' As the Civil War drew near he declared himself an active Royalist, and after hostilities had broken out he joined the king at Oxford. He was excepted by Parliament from 'indemnity and composition', and spent the remainder of his life abroad, dying in Spain in 1652. His estates were assigned in 1649 to [[John Bradshaw (judge)|John Bradshaw]] who had earlier insisted on Charles's execution and were recovered at the [[English Restoration]] by his nephew and heir Charles Cottington who sold it in 1670 to [[Sir Thomas Chamber]].

Chamber died in 1692, and was succeeded by his son Thomas. Thomas Chamber left two daughters and co-heiresses, and Hanworth passed, through agreement on marriage of the elder, to Vere Beauclerk, who was created [[Baron Vere]], of Hanworth in 1750. The manor was inherited by his son and heir, Aubrey, in 1781, who succeeded his cousin as [[Duke of St. Albans]] six years later but who sold it shortly after 1802 to James Ramsey Cuthbert. Frederick John Cuthbert was lord of the manor in 1816 from whom it passed to [[Henry Perkins (brewer)|Henry Perkins]]. After the death of his heir Algernon Perkins it passed to a firm of solicitors, and the main home was acquired in the early part of the next century by Court of Appeal judge turned politician [[Ernest Murray Pollock, 1st Viscount Hanworth]].

===Churches===
[[Image:St George's Church, Hanworth - geograph.org.uk - 2887674.jpg|thumb|St. George's Church]]
====Saint George's Church====
{{main article|St George's Church, Hanworth}}

Hanworth's main parish church is dedicated to [[Saint George]]. There has been a church on the site, in Castle Way, since at least the fourteenth century; the church was first mentioned in 1293. The first known rector was [[Adam de Brome]], founder of [[Oriel College, Oxford]], in 1309.<ref name="church">{{cite web |title=St. George's Church – History |url=http://www.s-george.org.uk/history.html |access-date=2 February 2015 |publisher=St. George's Church, Hanworth}}</ref>

====All Saints' Church====
[[File:All Saints, Uxbridge Road, Hanworth.jpg|thumb|All Saints' Church]]
In 1935, Hanworth had a jam factory belonging to Whiteley's. It was decided that a [[chapel of ease]] should be set up. It was founded by [[Bertram Pollock]], Bishop of Norwich, and the Rector of Saint George's. Bishop Pollock had been born at Woodlawn, a house in Hanworth, near Hampton Road West, and part of it was used as the chapel.<ref name="saints">{{cite web|url=http://www.allsaintshanworth.com/AllSaintsJubilee_History.htm|last=Papfield|first=Wyn|title=All Saints Jubilee History|publisher=All Saints Church|date=2007|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202164537/http://www.allsaintshanworth.com/AllSaintsJubilee_History.htm|archive-date=2 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

After the Second World War, in 1947, it was originally decided that a [[Nissen hut]] should be used to house the chapel. However, when the architect [[Nugent Cachemaille-Day]] was approached, he decided that a proper church should be built, and a site on the opposite side of Hampton Road West was chosen.<ref name="saints"/>

The Parish of All Saints was split off from Saint George's in 1950, and the foundation stone of the new church was laid on 14 July 1951 by the Bishop of Guildford, [[Henry Montgomery Campbell]], in the presence of [[Charles Latham, 1st Baron Latham|Lord Latham]], Lord-Lieutenant of Middlesex. The church was finally consecrated on 28 September 1957 by Campbell, who by then was Bishop of London.<ref name="saints"/>

The church now also offers an "International Service" in Ukrainian.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allsaintshanworth.com/internationalservice.html |title=International Service |access-date=24 April 2017 |archive-date=25 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425030250/http://www.allsaintshanworth.com/internationalservice.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====St. Richard's Church====

Hanworth's third church, St. Richard's, was built in 1965 and is located at the end of Forge Lane, near the village boundary with Hampton. It is currently fundraising to completely renovate \ refurbish the church.<ref name="strichards">{{cite web |title=St. Richard's Church – Project Grow |url=http://www.strichardshanworth.church/project-grow |access-date=23 November 2020 |publisher=St. Richard's Church, Hanworth}}</ref>

===Hanworth Aerodrome===
{{main article|London Air Park}}
[[London Air Park|Hanworth Aerodrome]] was a grass airfield, operational from 1917 to 1919 and 1929 to 1947. It was located in Hanworth Park, and included the grounds of Hanworth Park House, an 1802 rebuild of Hanworth Palace, but currently empty and disused. It was used as a clubhouse in the 1930s, and more recently as an old people's home. In the 1930s, named London Air Park, it was best known as a centre for private flying, society events, aircraft manufactured by [[General Aircraft Limited]] (GAL) 1934–1949, and the visit by the [[LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin|Graf Zeppelin]] airship in 1932.{{sfn|Sherwood, P|1999|p=47}} [[Amelia Earhart]] flew to Hanworth after landing in Ireland at the end of her 1932 crossing of the Atlantic; [[Walter Sickert]] recorded ''Miss Earhart's Arrival'' in a painting now owned by the [[Tate Gallery]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/sickert-miss-earharts-arrival-t03360 | title='Miss Earhart's Arrival', Walter Richard Sickert 1932 | publisher=Tate|date=August 2004}}</ref> There is a public house nearby named "The Airman" in recognition of its close proximity to the aerodrome, and a large aircraft propeller sculpture marks the site of the General Aircraft factory. Feltham District Council purchased the park in 1956. Feltham Swimming Baths was built on parkland beside the Uxbridge Road in 1965, later refurbished and renamed Feltham Airparcs Leisure Centre.{{sfn|Sherwood, T|1999}}{{sfn|Feltham Arts Association|1997}} That public sports facility was renamed in 2010 as Hanworth Air Park Leisure Centre & Library<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hounslow.info/libraries/hanworth/index.htm|title=Hanworth Library |publisher=[[London Borough of Hounslow]] |access-date=17 September 2011}}</ref>

===1970s===
The construction of an elevated [[M3 motorway (Great Britain)|M3]] feeder road (now part of the [[A316 road|A316]]) in the 1970s cut Hanworth in two; in preparation for this, the library was relocated to ''Mount Corner'', so-named for being opposite the Hanworth Park House icehouse mound.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london-footprints.co.uk/articehse.htm|title=Ice Houses and Ice Wells |access-date=21 June 2014}}</ref>{{better source needed |reason=self published site |date=June 2014}} Forge Lane Infants and Junior School was built on the south side of the new road, and the war memorial was relocated.
[[Image:Rex House, Hampton Road West, Hanworth - geograph.org.uk - 2125961.jpg|thumb|Rex House and shops on Hampton Road West.]]

==Sport and leisure==

Hanworth has two [[Non-League football]] clubs, [[Hanworth Villa F.C.]] who play at Rectory Meadow and play in the Isthmian league and Feltham FC who play at Feltham Rugby Club and play in the Middlesex County Football League. 

[[Hanworth Air Park]] is the home of [[Feltham Rugby Football Club]], founded 1947; and a reincarnation of Feltham Football Club, originally founded 1946. 

Hanworth Airpark is also the home of Hanworth Sports FC, since 2002.

Hanworth Air Park Leisure Centre & Library (formerly Feltham Airparcs), also in Hanworth Air Park, has a gym and a swimming pool.

[[Staines Rugby Football Club]] '''The Reeves''' play home games and train at a rugby ground in Snakey Lane.

==Geography==

===Soil, watercourses and elevation===
Soil in Hanworth varies between gravel close to the surface and a clay-rich loam, with very narrow belts of [[alluvium]] closest to the streams. The land is relatively flat and drained by two watercourses heading southward and eastward respectively to meet the [[River Thames|Thames]] in neighbouring historic parishes, the [[River Crane, London|River Crane]] marking much of the northern border with [[Twickenham]], and the Port Lane stream matching approximately the western boundary. Elevations range from 11m to 16m [[Ordnance Datum|OD]].

===Neighbouring localities===

{{Geographic location
|title     = '''Nearest Settlements'''
|Centre    = Hanworth
|North     = [[Twickenham]]<br /><small>[[Whitton, London|Whitton]]</small>
|Northeast = [[Twickenham]]<br /><small>[[Fulwell, London|Fulwell]]</small>
|East      = [[Hampton, London|Hampton]]<br /><small>[[Hampton Hill]]</small>
|Southeast = [[Hampton, London|Hampton]]
|South     = [[Sunbury-on-Thames]]<br /><small>[[Kempton Park, Surrey|Kempton Park]]</small>
|Southwest = [[Sunbury-on-Thames]]
|West      = [[Feltham]]
|Northwest = [[Hounslow Heath]]
}}

==Transport==
The nearest railway stations serving the area are: [[Feltham railway station]], [[Hampton railway station, London|Hampton]] and [[Kempton Park railway station|Kempton Park]].  Feltham railway station is on the northern edge of the district, situated on the boundary between Feltham and Hanworth in the Hanworth Park ward.

There are no underground ('tube') stations serving the area, but the nearest ones are [[Hounslow East tube station|Hounslow East]] (to the north) and [[Hatton Cross tube station|Hatton Cross]] (to the west); both stations are on the Heathrow branch of the [[Piccadilly line]].

[[List of London bus routes|London bus routes]] serving Hanworth are: the [[London Buses route 111|111]], [[London Buses route 285|285]], [[London Buses route 290|290]], [[London Buses route 490|490]], [[London Buses route H25|H25]] and [[London Buses route R70|R70]].

==Notable people==
* [[Henry Killigrew (playwright)|Henry Killigrew]] (1613–1700), playwright and chaplain to [[James II of England|James, Duke of York]] (the future king), was born in Hanworth.
* [[Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford]] (1539–1621) was in 1563 removed to Hanworth from the [[Tower of London]], where he had been imprisoned on account of his marriage with [[Lady Katherine Grey]].<ref name="History">{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22214 |title=Spelthorne Hundred: Hanworth |editor-first=William |editor-last=Page |editor-link=William Page (historian)|publisher=Institute of Historical Research |date=1911 |work=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 2: General; Ashford, East Bedfont with Hatton, Feltham, Hampton with Hampton Wick, Hanworth, Laleham, Littleton |access-date=12 December 2011}}</ref>
*The [[Viscount Hanworth|Viscounts Hanworth]], particularly the 1st Viscount, a former Court of Appeal judge, who established his [[family seat]] at Hanworth Park until his estate parted with it as liable to considerable [[inheritance tax (United Kingdom)|inheritance tax]].
*[[Bertram Pollock]] (1863–1943), Bishop of Norwich, was born in Hanworth.
*[[Elizabeth I]], who lived there in the 1540s in the household of her stepmother, [[Katherine Parr]], the [[Wives of Henry VIII|sixth wife]] of [[Henry VIII]], and Katherine's fourth husband, [[Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley|Thomas Seymour]].<ref>[[Elizabeth Norton]], ''The Temptation of Elizabeth Tudor'', 2015, St. Ives: Head of Zeus Ltd.</ref>
*[[Anne Herbert, Countess of Pembroke|Anne Parr]], who gave birth to her second son, Edward, at Hanworth manor
* [[David Copeland]] was a mass murderer who lived here for a while.

==Demography and housing==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''2011 Census Homes'''
|-
!Ward !!Detached  !!Semi-detached!!Terraced!!Flats and apartments!!Caravans/temporary/mobile homes/houseboats!!Shared between households<ref name=ons/>
|-
|Hanworth||	175	||	1,347	||	1,370	||	1,748	||	4	||	7
|-
|Hanworth Park||309	||	1,534	||	1,146	||	1,479	||	8	||	9
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''2011 Census Households'''
!Ward !!Population !!Households !!% Owned outright !!% Owned with a loan!!hectares<ref name=ons/>
|-
|Hanworth||12,155	||	4,651	||	18	||	29	||	325
|-
|Hanworth Park||11,408	||	4,485	||	25	||	36	||	364	
|- 
|}

The 2011 ethnic groups of Hanworth were:

*58.5% White British
*9% Other White (Not covering Irish/Gypsy)
*17.9% Asian
*6.9% Black

==See also==
{{Portal-inline|London}}
{{Commons category-inline|Hanworth, London|Hanworth}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite book |last=Cameron|first=Andrea |year=2002 |title=Feltham, Bedfont and Hanworth|publisher=Phillimore |isbn=1-86077-209-9}}
*{{cite book |ref={{harvid|Feltham Arts Association|1997}} |publisher=Feltham Arts Association |year=1997 |title=Hanworth Air Park 1916-1949}}
*{{cite book |ref={{harvid|Sherwood, P|1999}} |last=Sherwood |first=Philip |year=1999 |title=Heathrow: 2000 Years of History |publisher=The History Press |isbn=978-0750950862}}
*{{cite book |ref={{harvid|Sherwood, T|1999}} | last=Sherwood |first=Tim |year=1999 |title=Coming in to Land: A Short History of Hounslow, Hanworth and Heston Aerodromes 1911-1946 |publisher=Heritage Publications (Hounslow Library) |isbn=1899144307}} 
*{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=John E.B.C. |last2=Finnis |first2=John H.B. |title=A Book of Hanworth |publisher=Tucann Design & Print |asin=BX61156571}}
*{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=John E.B.C. |last2=Finnis |first2=John H.B. |title=Hanworth 2. |publisher=Tucann Design & Print <!-- isbn=T000092713 -->}} <!-- same as previous reference? alleged ISBN may be Library reference number? -->

==External links==
* Friends of Hanworth Park House Official Website - [https://www.friendsofhanworthparkhouse.com/ friendsofhanworthparkhouse.com]
* Kenny Farmer's new Hanworth History website [http://www.hanworthnowandthen.co.uk Hanworth Now And Then]
* Hanwoth Park House website [http://www.hanworthparkhouse.co.uk Hanworth Park House] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320043630/http://www.hanworthparkhouse.co.uk/ |date=20 March 2018 }}
* [http://www.s-george.org.uk/ St George's Church]
* [http://www.allsaintshanworth.com/ All Saints Church]
* [http://www.strichardshanworth.church/ St Richards Church]

{{LB Hounslow}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Districts of the London Borough of Hounslow]]
[[Category:Places formerly in Middlesex]]
[[Category:Tudor royal palaces in England]]
[[Category:Palaces in England]]
[[Category:Royal residences in England]]
[[Category:Royal residences in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Former palaces in England]]
[[Category:Elizabeth I]]
[[Category:Catherine Parr]]