View source for Kuomintang

{{About|the party in the Republic of China (Taiwan)|the political party currently active in the People's Republic of China|Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang}}
{{Redirect|KMT}}
{{Distinguish|Minkuotang|Kumintang (historical polity){{!}}Kumintang|Kulintang}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
<!--- Traditional Chinese shown as per [[MOS:ZH]], our guideline on display of Chinese text --->
{{Infobox political party
| name = Kuomintang
| native_name = {{langn|zh|中國國民黨}}<br />{{tlit|zh|Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng}}<br />{{tlit|zh|Chungkuo Kuomintang}}
| logo_size = 150
| colorcode = {{party color|Kuomintang}}
| leader1_title = Eternal Premier
| leader1_name = [[Sun Yat-sen]]
| leader2_title = Eternal President
| leader2_name = [[Chiang Kai-shek]]
| logo = Emblem of the Kuomintang.svg
| lang1 = Other
| name_lang1 = Chinese Nationalist Party<ref name="Taiwan - The World Factbook">{{cite web |title = Taiwan – The World Factbook |url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/taiwan/#government |date = January 2021 |access-date = 2021-07-11 |publisher = [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location=Langley, Virginia, U.S. |archive-date = 9 January 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210109223447/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/taiwan/#government |url-status = dead }}</ref>
| abbreviation = KMT<!-- only keep the most common abbr. -->
| founder = [[Sun Yat-sen]]
| leader3_title = [[Chairman of the Kuomintang|Chairperson]]
| leader3_name = [[Cheng Li-wun]]
| leader4_title = [[Secretary-General of the Kuomintang|Secretary-General]]
| leader4_name = [[Lee Chien-lung]]
| foundation = {{ubli|{{Start date and age|df=y|1894|11|24|br=y}}<br />[[Honolulu]], [[Republic of Hawaii]] (original form)|{{start date and age|df=y|1919|10|10|br=y}}<br />[[Shanghai French Concession]] (current form)}}
| predecessor = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Revive China Society]] (1894)
  | [[Tongmenghui]] (1905)
}}
| headquarters = No. 232–234, Sec. 2, Bade Rd., [[Zhongshan District, Taipei|Zhongshan District]], Taipei City 104, [[Taiwan]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.kmt.org.tw/english/index.aspx |title = Kuomintang Official Website |publisher = Kuomintang |access-date = 13 September 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150703160339/http://www1.kmt.org.tw/english/index.aspx |archive-date = 3 July 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref>
| newspaper = ''[[Central Daily News]]''
| think_tank = [http://www.npf.org.tw/ National Policy Foundation]
| wing1_title = Education wing
| wing1 = [[Institute of Revolutionary Practice]]
| wing2_title = Military wing
| wing2 = [[National Revolutionary Army]] (1925{{nbnd}}1947)
| wing3_title = Paramilitary wing
| wing3 = [[Blue Shirts Society]] (1932{{nbnd}}1938)<ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/14341/chapter-abstract/168278705 |url=https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/14341 |chapter=Ideological Rivalries: The Blue Shirts and the 'CC' Clique |editor-first=Frederic |editor-last=Wakeman |title=Spymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service |publisher=University of California Press |pages=98–109 |year=2003 |doi=10.1525/california/9780520234079.003.0009 |last=Wakeman |first=Frederic |author-link=Frederic Wakeman |isbn=978-0-520-23407-9 |access-date=18 July 2023 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718174302/https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/14341 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| wing4_title = Overseas wing
| youth_wing = [[Kuomintang Youth League]]<br>[[Three Principles of the People Youth Corps]] (1938{{nbnd}}1947)
| membership = {{increase}} 451,174<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nownews.com/news/6206391 |script-title=zh:最大在野黨實力！ 國民黨資產202億、黨員45萬人 |trans-title=The greatest opposition party strength! The KMT has assets of NT$20.2 billion and 450,000 members.|agency=NOWnews |access-date=14 October 2024 |language=zh |date=23 July 2023 }}</ref>
| ideology = {{ubl
 | [[Three Principles of the People]]
 | [[Conservatism]] ([[Conservatism in Taiwan|Taiwanese]])

}}
| membership_year = 2022
| position = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
 |[[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]<ref name="Qi-Shim">
* {{cite news|title=New face for KMT in Taiwan|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/world/eric-chu-to-lead-kuomintang-in-presidential-election/news-story/d47cb4b78a3806e9700509f2b79f2d74|url-access=subscription|work=[[The Australian]]|quote=The problems for the centre-right KMT in retaining the presidency over the centre-left DPP...|access-date=26 December 2019|archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109081847/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnation%2Fworld%2Feric-chu-to-lead-kuomintang-in-presidential-election%2Fnews-story%2Fd47cb4b78a3806e9700509f2b79f2d74&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&nk=18865bb0b0fd95f14b8ccbc48f1c1d7c-1610180326|url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Qi |first1=Dongtao |title=Globalization, Social Justice Issues, Political and Economic Nationalism in Taiwan: An Explanation of the Limited Resurgence of the DPP during 2008–2012 |journal=[[The China Quarterly]] |date=December 2013 |volume=216 |pages=1018–1044 |doi=10.1017/S0305741013001124 |quote=Furthermore, the studies also suggest that the DPP, as a centre-left party opposed to the centre-right KMT, has been the leading force in addressing Taiwan's various social justice issues. }}
* {{cite journal|url=https://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/publication/mind-the-gap-comparing-gender-politics-in-japan-and-taiwan|title=Mind the Gap! Comparing Gender Politics in Japan and Taiwan|last=Shim|first=Jaemin|publisher=[[German Institute for Global and Area Studies]]|journal=GIGA Focus {{!}} Asia |year=2018|issue=5|access-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226021639/https://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/publication/mind-the-gap-comparing-gender-politics-in-japan-and-taiwan|archive-date=26 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> to [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]]<ref name="Fell-Rigger-Ogasawara">
* {{cite book|author1-link=Dafydd Fell|last=Fell|first=Dafydd|date=2005|title=Party Politics in Taiwan: Party Change and the Democratic Evolution of Taiwan, 1991–2004|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0rp_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 98], [https://books.google.com/books?id=0rp_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA117 117]|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=1-134-24021-X}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Rigger |first1=Shelley |title=Kuomintang Agonistes: Party Politics in the Wake of Taiwan's 2016 Elections |journal=[[Orbis (journal)|Orbis]] |date=2016 |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=488–503 |doi=10.1016/j.orbis.2016.08.005 |quote=Instead of reshaping its priorities to fit the expectations of a changing society, the KMT (at least for the moment) seems to be doubling down on its self-marginalizing approach. The new party chair is Hung Hsiu-chu, the erstwhile presidential candidate whose far-right views made it necessary to replace her. }}
* {{cite magazine |author-first1=Yoshiyuki |author-last1=Ogasawara |title=Taiwan's 2020 Presidential Elections |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/12/taiwans-2020-presidential-elections/ |quote=These supporters, called 'Han maniacs,' elevated Han to presidential nominee. Ultimately, though, they were a minority, possibly some twenty percent of the overall electorate, and Han’s political position, friendly to Beijing and inclined to right-wing populism, started to erode his support. |magazine=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |access-date=12 February 2021 |date=12 December 2019 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20220901221821/https://thediplomat.com/2019/12/taiwans-2020-presidential-elections/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |'''Historical:'''
 |[[Big tent]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 October 1946 |title=GENERALS OUTBID CHINESE LIBERALS; Their Military Success Makes Compromise Less Likely |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/10/06/archives/generals-outbid-chinese-liberals-their-military-success-makes.html |access-date=3 February 2026 |work=[[The New York Times]] |quote=Although China has a one-party Government, the Kuomintang is actually a '''catch-all''' of coalition groups ranging from the diehard Right to the pink Left. On the Right are such men as Gen. Ho Ying-chin and Minister of Organization Chen Li-fu; on the Left are such men as Dr. Sun Fo and Shao Li-tze, Secretary General of the People's Political Council. }}</ref>
}}
| anthem = "[[National Anthem of the Republic of China|Three Principles of the People]]"
| national = [[Pan-Blue Coalition]]<ref name="centre-right">{{cite book |editor=M. Troy Burnett |title=Nationalism Today: Extreme Political Movements around the World [2 volumes] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OprzDwAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+Pan-Blue+Coalition&pg=PA201 |quote=The center-right Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the KMT, maintains that the ROC is the sole legitimate government for all of China (including Taiwan) and that the aim of the government should be the eventual reunification of the mainland ... |date=2020 |page=201 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1-4408-5000-4 |access-date=2 July 2022 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414145229/https://books.google.com/books?id=OprzDwAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+Pan-Blue+Coalition&pg=PA201 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| regional = [[Asia Pacific Democracy Union]]
| international = {{unbulleted list
 | [[Centrist Democrat International]]
 | [[International Democracy Union]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idu.org/member-parties/|title=Members|publisher=IDU|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716031006/http://idu.org/member-parties/|archive-date=16 July 2015}}</ref>
}}
| seats1_title = [[Legislative Yuan]]
| seats1 = {{composition bar|52|113|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
| seats2_title = [[Special municipality (Taiwan)|Municipal]] mayors
| seats2 = {{composition bar|4|6|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
| seats3_title = Magistrates/mayors
| seats3 = {{composition bar|10|16|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
| seats4_title = Councillors
| seats4 = {{composition bar|367|910|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
| seats5_title = [[Township (Taiwan)|Township]]/[[County-administered city|city]] mayors
| seats5 = {{composition bar|83|204|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Kuomintang}}}} [[Blue]]
| flag = Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg
| website = {{URL|https://www.kmt.org.tw|kmt.org.tw}}
| country = the Republic of China (Taiwan)
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = KMT_(Chinese_characters).svg
| piccap = "Kuomintang" in traditional (top) and simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
| picupright = 0.4
| title = Kuomintang
| t = 中國國民黨
| s = 中国国民党
| p = Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng
| l = China Nationals' Party
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|.|g|uo|2|-|g|uo|2|.|m|in|2|.|d|ang|3}}
| w = {{tone superscript|Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3}}
| bpmf = ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄤˇ
| xej = {{Script/Nastaliq|ﺟْﻮﻗُﻮَع ﻗُﻮَعمٍدْا}}
| zh-dungan = Җунгуй Гуймин Дон
| wuu = tson<sup>平</sup> koh<sup>入</sup> koh<sup>入</sup> min<sup>平</sup> taon<sup>上</sup>
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|z|ung|1|-|gw|ok|3|-|gw|ok|3|-|m|an|4|-|d|ong|2}}
| y = Jūnggwok Gwokmàhndóng
| j = zung1 gwok3 gwok3 man4 dong2
| poj = Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng
| h = dung<sup>24</sup> gued<sup>2</sup> gued<sup>2</sup> min<sup>11</sup> dong<sup>31</sup>
| phfs = Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng
| altname = Abbreviation
| t2 = 國民黨
| s2 = 国民党
| p2 = Guómíndǎng
| l2 = Nationals' Party
| gr2 = Gwomindaang
| mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|g|uo|2|.|m|in|2|.|d|ang|3}}
| w2 = {{tone superscript|Kuo2-min2-tang3}}
| bpmf2 = ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄤˇ
| xej2 = {{Script/Nastaliq|ﻗُﻮَعمٍدْا}}
| wuu2 = koh<sup>{{lang|zh|入}}</sup>min<sup>{{lang|zh|平}}</sup>taon<sup>{{lang|zh|上}}</sup>
| ci2 = {{IPAc-yue|gw|ok|3|-|m|an|4|-|d|ong|2}}
| y2 = Gwokmàhndóng
| j2 = gwok3 man4 dong2
| poj2 = Kok-bîn-tóng
| h2 = gued<sup>2</sup>min<sup>11</sup>dong<sup>31</sup>
| phfs2 = Guók-mìng-dōng
}}
{{History of the Republic of China}}
The '''Kuomintang''' ('''KMT'''){{efn native lang|tw|name=word1|t = 中國國民黨|p = Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng|m = Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng|s = Chûng-koet Koet-mìn-tóng|ma = Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng}}{{Refn|Also written '''Guomindang''' ('''GMD'''),<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title = Brill's Encyclopedia of China |url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-china/guomindang-COM_00058 |access-date = 2021-11-26 |encyclopedia = referenceworks.brillonline.com |date = 10 November 2008 |archive-date = 26 November 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211126170910/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-china/guomindang-COM_00058 |url-status = live }}</ref> the '''Chinese Nationalist Party''' ('''CNP'''),<ref name="Taiwan - The World Factbook" /> the '''Nationalist Party of China''' ('''NPC'''),<ref name=abbr>{{cite news |first=Munir |last=Ahmed |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/781269/wishing-chinas-communist-party-a-happy-birthday/ | title=Wishing China's Communist Party a happy birthday |newspaper=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |location=Islamabad, Pakistan | date=28 June 2021 | access-date=8 December 2022 | archive-date=7 July 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707002823/https://dailytimes.com.pk/781269/wishing-chinas-communist-party-a-happy-birthday/ | url-status=live }}</ref> or the '''National People's Party of China''' ('''NPPC''').<ref>{{Cite web |first=Clarence E. |last=Gauss |author-link=Clarence E. Gauss |title=Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1942, China Document 177 893.00/14876 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1942China/d177 |publisher=[[Office of the Historian]], United States Department of State |location=[[Chungking]], China |date=30 July 1942 |access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Owen |last1=Lattimore |first2=Eleanor |last2=Gauss |author1-link=Owen Lattimore |author2-link=Eleanor Frances Lattimore |title=The Chinese Revolution – from GI Roundtable 42: Our Chinese Ally (1944) |url=https://www.historians.org/resource/the-chinese-revolution/ |publisher=[[American Historical Association]] |location=Washington, D.C., United States |date=1 August 1944 |access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} is a major [[political party]] in the [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan). It was the [[one party state|sole ruling party]] of the country [[Nationalist government|from 1928 to 1949]] in [[Mainland China]] until [[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|its relocation to Taiwan]], and in Taiwan [[Martial law in Taiwan|ruled under martial law]] until 1987. The KMT is a [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] to [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] party and the largest in the [[Pan-Blue Coalition]], one of Taiwan's two main political groups. Its primary rival is the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] (DPP), the largest party in the [[Pan-Green Coalition]]. As of 2025, the KMT is the largest single party in the [[Legislative Yuan]] and is chaired by [[Cheng Li-wun]].

The party was founded by [[Sun Yat-sen]] in 1894 in [[Honolulu]], [[Republic of Hawaii]], as the [[Revive China Society]]. He reformed the party in 1919 in the [[Shanghai French Concession]] under its current name. From 1926 to 1928, the KMT under [[Chiang Kai-shek]] [[Northeast Flag Replacement|unified China]] in the [[Northern Expedition]] against [[Warlord Era|regional warlords]], leading to the fall of the [[Beiyang government]]. After initially allying with the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) in the [[First United Front]], the party under Chiang purged communist members. It was the [[One-party state|sole ruling party]] of China from 1928 to 1949 but gradually lost control while fighting the [[Empire of Japan]] in the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] and the CCP in the [[Chinese Civil War]]. In December 1949, the [[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan]] following its defeat by the communists.

From 1949 to 1987, the KMT ruled Taiwan as a [[one-party state]] after the [[February 28 incident]]. During this period (known as the [[White Terror (Taiwan)|White Terror]]), [[Martial law in Taiwan|martial law]] was in effect and [[Period of mobilization for the suppression of Communist rebellion|civil liberties were curtailed]] as part of its [[anti-communism]] efforts. The party oversaw [[Taiwan Miracle|Taiwan's rapid economic development]] but later experienced [[Foreign relations of Taiwan|diplomatic setbacks]], including the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758|loss of the country's seat in the United Nations]] and loss of international diplomatic recognition to the CCP-led [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) in the 1970s. In the late 1980s, party leader [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] lifted martial law and the ban on opposition parties. His successor, [[Lee Teng-hui]], continued democratic reforms and was reelected [[1996 Taiwanese presidential election|in 1996 in the first direct presidential election]]. The [[2000 Taiwanese presidential election|2000 presidential election]] ended 72 years of KMT presidencies. The party reclaimed power with the landslide victory of [[Ma Ying-jeou]] in the [[2008 Taiwanese presidential election|2008 presidential election]], then lost the presidency and its legislative majority in the [[2016 Taiwanese general election|2016 election]], but regained a legislative plurality in the [[2024 Taiwanese legislative election|2024 election]].

The party's guiding ideology is the [[Three Principles of the People]], advocated by Sun Yat-sen and organized on a basis of [[Democratic centralism (Kuomintang)|democratic centralism]]. As the KMT supports the ROC as the only representative of China, it opposes both [[Chinese unification]] under the PRC and formal [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwan independence]]. As the KMT opposes non-peaceful means to resolve the [[Cross-strait relations|cross-strait disputes]] while still strongly adhering to the [[Constitution of the Republic of China|ROC constitution]], the party favors a closer relationship with the PRC and accepts the [[1992 Consensus]], which defines both sides of the [[Taiwan Strait]] as "[[one China]]" but maintains its ambiguity to different interpretations. It seeks to maintain [[Political status of Taiwan|Taiwan's status quo]] rather than formal independence or unification.

== History ==
{{main|History of the Kuomintang}}

=== Founding and Sun Yat-sen era ===
[[File:Sun Yat Sen portrait 2 (9to12).jpg|thumb|upright|left|The KMT reveres its founder, [[Sun Yat-sen]], as the "Father of the Nation"]]

The KMT traces its ideological and organizational roots to the work of the Chinese revolutionary [[Sun Yat-sen]], a proponent of [[Chinese nationalism]] and democracy who founded the [[Revive China Society]] at the capital of the [[Republic of Hawaii]], [[Honolulu]], on 24 November 1894.<ref>See (Chinese) [http://www.kmt.org.tw/hc.aspx?id=10 "Major Events in KMT" ''History Official Site of the KMT''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126201029/http://www.kmt.org.tw/hc.aspx?id=10 |date=26 November 2012 }} last accessed 30 August 2009</ref> On 20 August 1905, Sun joined forces with other [[Anti-Qing sentiment|anti-monarchist societies]] in Tokyo, [[Empire of Japan]], to form the [[Tongmenghui]], a group committed to overthrowing the [[Qing dynasty]] and establishing a republic in China.

[[File:The revolutionary army attacks Nanking and crosses a stream Wellcome V0047152 (cropped).jpg|thumb|The Revolutionary Army attacking [[Nanjing]] in 1911]]
The group supported the [[Xinhai Revolution]] of 1911 and the founding of the [[Beiyang government|Republic of China]] on 1 January 1912. Sun and the Tongmenghui are often depicted as the principal organizers of the Xinhai Revolution, but this is disputed by scholars who argue that the Revolution broke out in a leaderless and decentralized way and that Sun was only later elected provisional president of the new Chinese republic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Spence |title=[[The Search for Modern China]] |year= 2012 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton]] |isbn=978-0-393-93451-9 |pages=249–254 |edition=3rd}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=Mary Clabaugh |title=Introduction, China in Revolution |date=4 September 2009 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-01460-0 |pages=52–53 |url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300014600/china-revolution |access-date=11 March 2021 |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107013131/https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300014600/china-revolution |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Sun did not have military power and ceded the [[President of the Republic of China|provisional presidency]] of the republic to [[Yuan Shikai]], who arranged for the [[abdication]] of [[Puyi]], the last Emperor, on 12 February.

On 25 August 1912, the Nationalist Party was established at the [[Huguang Guild Hall]] in [[Beijing]], where the [[Tongmenghui]] and five smaller pro-revolution parties merged to contest the first national elections.<ref>{{cite book |last=Strand |first=David |editor1-last=Goldman |editor1-first=Merle |editor2-last=Perry |editor2-first=Elizabeth |editor2-link=Elizabeth J. Perry |title=Changing Meanings of Citizenship in Modern China |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YF-ftHbw59sC&pg=PA389 |year=2002 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=978-0-674-00766-6 |chapter=Chapter 2: Citizens in the Audience and at the Podium |pages=59–60 |access-date=24 September 2016 |archive-date=5 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205103119/https://books.google.com/books?id=YF-ftHbw59sC&pg=PA389 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sun was chosen as the party chairman with [[Huang Xing]] as his deputy.

The most influential member of the party was the third-ranking [[Song Jiaoren]], who mobilized mass support from gentry and merchants for the Nationalists to advocate a constitutional parliamentary democracy. The party opposed [[Progressive Party (China)|constitutional monarchists]] and sought to check the power of Yuan. The Nationalists won an overwhelming majority in the first [[1912 Chinese National Assembly election|National Assembly election]] in December 1912.

Yuan soon began to ignore the parliament in making presidential decisions. Song was assassinated in Shanghai in 1913. Members of the Nationalists, led by Sun Yat-sen, suspected that Yuan was behind the plot and thus staged the [[Second Revolution (Republic of China)|Second Revolution]] in July 1913, a poorly planned and ill-supported armed uprising to overthrow Yuan, which failed. In November, claiming subversion and betrayal, Yuan expelled KMT adherents from [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|parliament]]<ref>{{cite book |author-first1=Hugh |author-last1=Chisholm |title=The Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bAooAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA658 |access-date=13 June 2011 |year=1922 |publisher=The Encyclopædia Britannica, Company ltd. |page=658 |editor=Hugh Chisholm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205085023/https://books.google.com/books?id=bAooAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA658 |archive-date=5 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Hugh |author-last1=Chisholm|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: Abbe to English history ("The first of the new volumes")|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lf9aAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA658|access-date=13 June 2011|year=1922|publisher=The Encyclopædia Britannica, Company ltd|page=658|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205024143/https://books.google.com/books?id=lf9aAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA658|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and dissolved the Nationalists, whose members had largely fled into exile in Japan. In early 1914, he dismissed the parliament.

Yuan proclaimed himself emperor in December 1915. While exiled in Japan, Sun established the Chinese Revolutionary Party on 8 July 1914,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nationalist Party – Chinese political party |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nationalist-Party-Chinese-political-party |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |location=[[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S. |date=15 March 2025 |access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref> but many of his old revolutionary comrades, including Huang Xing, [[Wang Jingwei]], [[Hu Hanmin]], and [[Chen Jiongming]], refused to join him or support his efforts in inciting armed uprising against Yuan. To join the Revolutionary Party, members had to take an oath of personal loyalty to Sun, which many old revolutionaries regarded as undemocratic and contrary to the spirit of the revolution. As a result, he became largely sidelined within the Republican movement during this period.

Sun returned to China in 1917 to establish a military junta at [[Guangzhou|Canton]] to oppose the [[Beiyang government]] but was soon forced out of office and exiled to [[Shanghai]]. There, with renewed support, he resurrected the KMT on 10 October 1919, under the name Kuomintang of China ({{lang-zh|t=中國國民黨|labels=no}}) and established its headquarters in Canton in 1920.

In 1923, the KMT and its Canton government accepted aid from the [[Soviet Union]] after being denied recognition by the western powers. Soviet advisers—the most prominent of whom was [[Mikhail Borodin]], an agent of the [[Comintern]]—arrived in China in 1923 to aid in the reorganization and consolidation of the KMT along the lines of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]], establishing a [[Leninist]] party structure that lasted into the 1990s.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=413}} The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was under Comintern instructions to cooperate with the KMT, and its members were encouraged to join while maintaining their separate party identities, forming the [[First United Front]] between the two parties. [[Mao Zedong]] and early members of the CCP also joined the KMT in 1923.

[[File:1st National Congress of Kuomintang of China.jpg|thumb|Venue of the [[1st National Congress of Kuomintang]] in 1924]]
Soviet advisers also helped the KMT to set up a political institute to train propagandists in mass mobilization techniques, and in 1923 [[Chiang Kai-shek]], one of Sun's lieutenants from the [[Tongmenghui]] days, was sent to Moscow for several months' military and political study. At the [[1st National Congress of Kuomintang|first party congress in 1924]] in [[Guangzhou]], which included non-KMT delegates such as members of the CCP, they adopted Sun's political theory, which included the [[Three Principles of the People]]: nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood.

=== Under Chiang Kai-shek in mainland China  ===
[[File:Detail without script, 国军编遣委员会大会闭幕摄影 19290125 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Closing ceremony of the National Army Reorganization and Disbandment Conference at National Government compound, Nanjing, January 25, 1929.]]
When Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, the political leadership of the KMT fell to [[Wang Jingwei]] ("[[Reorganization Group]]") and [[Hu Hanmin]] ("[[Western Hills Group]]"), respectively the left-wing and right-wing leaders of the party. However, the real power was in the hands of Chiang Kai-shek, who was in near complete control of the military as the superintendent of the [[Whampoa Military Academy]]. With their military superiority, the KMT confirmed their rule on Canton, the provincial capital of [[Guangdong]]. The Guangxi warlords pledged loyalty to the KMT. The KMT now became a rival government in opposition to the [[Warlord era|warlord]] [[Beiyang government]] based in [[Beijing]].<ref name="Nationalist China">{{cite web|url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MODCHINA/NATIONAL.HTM|title=Nationalist China|publisher=Washington State University|date=6 June 1996|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906095406/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MODCHINA/NATIONAL.HTM|archive-date=6 September 2006}}</ref>

Chiang assumed leadership of the KMT on 6 July 1926.<ref>Thomas C. T. Kuo, ''Chʻen Tu-Hsiu (1879-1942) and the Chinese Communist Movement'' (Seton Hall University Press, 1975) p.143</ref> Unlike Sun Yat-sen, whom he admired greatly and who forged all his political, economic, and revolutionary ideas primarily from what he had learned in Hawaii and indirectly through [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] and [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] under the [[Meiji Restoration]], Chiang knew relatively little about the West. He also studied in Japan, but he was firmly rooted in his ancient [[Han Chinese]] identity and was steeped in [[Chinese culture]]. As his life progressed, he became increasingly attached to ancient Chinese culture and traditions. His few trips to the West confirmed his pro-ancient Chinese outlook and he studied the ancient [[Chinese classics]] and ancient Chinese history assiduously.<ref name="Nationalist China"/> In 1923, after the formation of the [[First United Front]], Sun Yat-sen sent Chiang to spend three months in Moscow studying the political and military system of the Soviet Union. Although Chiang did not follow the Soviet Communist doctrine, he, like the Communist Party, sought to destroy [[warlordism]] and foreign [[Western imperialism in Asia|imperialism in China]], and upon his return established the [[Whampoa Military Academy]] near Guangzhou, following the Soviet Model.<ref name="China in the 20th Century">{{cite web |last1=Bowblis |first1=J |title=China in the 20th Century |url=https://departments.kings.edu/history/20c/china.html#Chiang |website=Kings College History |publisher=King's College History Department |access-date=31 October 2020 |archive-date=5 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105231856/https://departments.kings.edu/history/20c/china.html#Chiang |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chiang was also particularly committed to Sun's idea of "political tutelage". Sun believed that the only hope for a unified and better China lay in a military conquest, followed by a period of political tutelage that would culminate in the transition to democracy. Using this ideology, Chiang built himself into the dictator of the Republic of China, both in the [[Chinese mainland]] and after the [[Government of the Republic of China|national government]] relocated to [[Taiwan]].<ref name="Nationalist China"/>

Following the death of Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek emerged as the KMT leader and launched the [[Northern Expedition (1926–1927)|Northern Expedition]] to defeat the [[Warlord era (China)|northern warlords]] and unite China under the party. With its power confirmed in the southeast, the [[Nationalist Government]] appointed Chiang Kai-shek commander-in-chief of the [[National Revolutionary Army]] (NRA), and the [[Northern Expedition]] to suppress the warlords began. Chiang had to defeat three separate warlords and two independent armies. Chiang, with Soviet supplies, conquered the southern half of China in nine months.

A split erupted between the Chinese Communist Party and the KMT, which threatened the Northern Expedition. Wang Jing Wei, who led the KMT leftist allies, took the city of [[Wuhan]] in January 1927. With the support of the Soviet agent [[Mikhail Borodin]], Wang declared the National Government as having moved to Wuhan. Having taken Nanjing in March, Chiang halted his campaign and prepared a violent break with Wang and his communist allies. Chiang's expulsion of the CCP and their Soviet advisers, marked by the [[Shanghai massacre]] on 12 April, led to the beginning of the [[Chinese Civil War]]. Wang finally surrendered his power to Chiang. Once this split had been healed, Chiang resumed his Northern Expedition and managed to take Shanghai.<ref name="Nationalist China"/>

[[File:Countermand concession.jpg|thumb|The [[National Revolutionary Army]] soldiers marched into the British concessions in [[Hankou]] during the [[Northern Expedition]]]]
During the [[Nanking incident of 1927|Nanjing incident]] in March 1927, the NRA stormed the consulates of the United States, the United Kingdom and [[Empire of Japan|Imperial Japan]], looted foreign properties and almost assassinated the Japanese consul. An American, two British, one French, an Italian and a Japanese were killed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Foreign News: NANKING|magazine=Time|date=4 April 1927 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,722979,00.html|access-date=11 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426030922/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,722979,00.html|archive-date=26 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> These looters also stormed and seized millions of dollars' worth of British concessions in [[Hankou]], refusing to hand them back to the UK government.<ref>{{cite news|title=China: Japan & France |magazine=Time|date=11 April 1927|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,730304,00.html|access-date=11 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426030508/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,730304,00.html|archive-date=26 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Both Nationalists and Communist soldiers within the army participated in the rioting and looting of foreign residents in Nanjing.<ref name="beede">{{cite book|last=Beede|first=R. Benjamin|title=The War of 1898, and U.S. interventions, 1898–1934: an encyclopedia|year=1994|publisher=Taylor & Francis Publishing|isbn=0-8240-5624-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/americanrevoluti0000unse_o8w2/page/355 355]|url=https://archive.org/details/americanrevoluti0000unse_o8w2/page/355}}</ref>

NRA took Beijing in 1928. The city was the internationally recognized capital, even when it was previously controlled by warlords. This event allowed the KMT to receive widespread diplomatic recognition in the same year. The capital was moved from Beijing to Nanjing, the original capital of the [[Ming dynasty]], and thus a symbolic purge of the final Qing elements. This period of KMT rule in China between 1927 and 1937 was relatively stable and prosperous and is still known as the [[Nanjing decade]].

After the [[Northern Expedition]] in 1928, the [[Nationalist government]] under the KMT declared that China had been exploited for decades under the [[Unequal treaty|unequal treaties]] signed between the foreign powers and the Qing dynasty. The KMT government demanded that the foreign powers renegotiate the treaties on equal terms.<ref>{{cite news|title=CHINA: Nationalist Notes|magazine=Time|date=25 June 1928|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,786420,00.html|access-date=11 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426030536/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,786420,00.html|archive-date=26 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Before the Northern Expedition, the KMT began as a heterogeneous group advocating American-inspired federalism and provincial autonomy. However, the KMT under Chiang's leadership aimed at establishing a centralized [[one-party state]] with one ideology. This was even more evident following Sun's elevation into a cult figure after his death. The control by one single party began the period of "political tutelage", whereby the party was to lead the government while instructing the people on how to participate in a democratic system. The topic of reorganizing the army, brought up at a military conference in 1929, sparked the [[Central Plains War]]. The cliques, some of them former warlords, demanded to retain their army and political power within their own territories. Although Chiang finally won the war, the conflicts among the cliques would have a devastating effect on the survival of the KMT. Muslim Generals in [[Gansu]] waged war against the [[Guominjun]] in favor of the KMT during the [[Muslim conflict in Gansu (1927–1930)|conflict in Gansu in 1927–1930]].<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Andrew D. W. |author-last1=Forbes|title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1986|publisher=CUP Archive|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=978-0-521-25514-1|page=108|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704173905/http://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ|archive-date=4 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:kmtarmy.JPG|thumb|upright|[[National Revolutionary Army|Nationalist soldiers]] during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]]]
In 1931, Japanese aggression resumed with the [[Mukden Incident]] and occupation of Manchuria, and the CCP founded the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]] (CSR) in [[Jiangxi]] while secretly recruiting within the KMT government and military. Chiang was alarmed by the expansion of communist influence; he wanted to suppress internal conflicts before confronting foreign aggression. The KMT were aided by German military advisors. The CSR was destroyed in 1934 after a series of KMT offensives. The communists abandoned bases in southeast China for Shaanxi in a military retreat called the [[Long March]]; less than 10% of the communist army survived. A new base, the [[Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region]], was created with Soviet aid.

KMT secret police persecuted suspected communists and political opponents with [[Terror (politics)|terror]]. In ''The Birth of Communist China'', C.P. Fitzgerald describes China under the rule of the KMT thus: "the Chinese people groaned under a regime Fascist in every quality except efficiency."<ref>{{Cite book|author-first1=C.P. |author-last1=Fitzgerald|title=The Birth of Communist China|publisher=Penguin Books|orig-year=1964|year=2006|page= 106|isbn=978-0140206944}}</ref>

In 1936, Chiang was kidnapped by [[Zhang Xueliang]] in the [[Xi'an Incident]] and forced into the [[Second United Front]], an anti-Japanese alliance with the CCP; the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] started the following year. The alliance brought little coordination and was treated as a temporary cease fire in the civil war. The [[New Fourth Army incident]] in 1941 ended the alliance.

[[File:19451025 中國戰區臺灣省受降典禮後 臺灣省警備總司令部全體官兵合影.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[retrocession of Taiwan]] in [[Taipei]] on 25 October 1945]]
[[Surrender of Japan|Japan surrendered]] in 1945, and [[Retrocession of Taiwan|Taiwan was returned]] to the Republic of China on 25 October of that year. The brief period of celebration was soon shadowed by the possibility of a civil war between the KMT and CCP. The Soviet Union declared war on Japan just before it surrendered and occupied [[Manchuria]], the north eastern part of China. The Soviet Union denied the KMT army the right to enter the region but allowed the CCP to take control of the Japanese factories and their supplies.

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-S-13-14-22, Tibetexpedition, Haus mit Glückszeichen.jpg|thumb|upright|left|KMT flag displayed in Lhasa, Tibet in 1938]]
[[File:Kuomintang Party in Xinjiang 1942.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The KMT in [[Ürümqi|Tihwa (Ürümqi)]], Xinjiang in 1942]]
Full-scale civil war between the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communists]] and the [[Nationalist government|Nationalists]] erupted in 1946. The Communist Chinese armies, the [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA), previously a minor faction, grew rapidly in influence and power due to several errors on the KMT's part. First, the KMT reduced troop levels precipitously after the Japanese surrender, leaving large numbers of able-bodied, trained fighting men who became unemployed and disgruntled with the KMT as prime recruits for the PLA.

Secondly, the KMT government proved thoroughly unable to manage the economy, allowing the [[hyperinflation in China |hyperinflation in China to go uncontrolled in the late 1930s]]. Among the most despised and ineffective efforts it undertook to contain inflation was the conversion to the gold standard for the national treasury and the [[Chinese gold yuan]] in August 1948, outlawing private ownership of gold, silver and foreign exchange, collecting all such precious metals and foreign exchange from the people and issuing the Gold Standard Scrip in exchange. As most farmland in the north were under CCP's control, the cities governed by the KMT lacked food supply and this added to the hyperinflation. The new scrip became worthless in only ten months and greatly reinforced the nationwide perception of the KMT as a corrupt or at best inept entity. Third, Chiang Kai-shek ordered his forces to defend the urbanized cities. This decision gave CCP a chance to move freely through the countryside. At first, the KMT had the edge with the aid of weapons and ammunition from the United States (US). But with the country suffering from [[hyperinflation]], widespread corruption, and other economic ills, the KMT continued to lose popular support. Some leading officials and military leaders of the KMT hoarded material, armament and military-aid funding provided by the US. This became a hindrance to its relationship with [[Federal government of the United States|US government]]. US President [[Harry S. Truman]] wrote, "[[Chiang family|the Chiangs]], [[HH Kung|the Kungs]] and [[Soong sisters|the Soongs]] [were] all thieves", having taken $750 million in US aid.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Wesley Marvin |author-last1=Bagby|title=The Eagle-Dragon Alliance: America's Relations With China in World War II|year=1992|isbn=978-0-87413-418-6|page=65|publisher=University of Delaware Press }}</ref>

[[File:Cina1948.JPG|thumb|Territories under the control of the Kuomintang/warlords (orange/grey) and communists (yellow) in 1948]]
At the same time, the suspension of American aid and tens of thousands of deserted or decommissioned soldiers being recruited to the PLA cause tipped the balance of power quickly to the CCP side, and the overwhelming popular support for the CCP in most of the country made it all but impossible for KMT forces to carry out successful assaults against the Communists.

By the end of 1949, the CCP controlled almost all of [[mainland China]], as the KMT [[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|retreated to Taiwan]] with a significant amount of China's national treasure and 2 million people, including [[Waishengren|military forces and refugees]]. Some party members stayed in the mainland and broke away from the main KMT to found the [[Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang]] (also known as the Left Kuomintang), which is still one of the [[list of political parties in the People's Republic of China|eight minor registered parties]] of the People's Republic of China.

=== In Taiwan: 1945–present ===
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2018}}<!--many paragraphs without citations-->
{{see also|Chinese Civil War|North–South divide in Taiwan}}
{{Politics of the Republic of China}}
In 1895, Formosa (now called Taiwan), including the [[Penghu]] islands, became a Japanese colony via the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] following the [[First Sino-Japanese War]].

After Japan's defeat at the end of [[World War II]] in 1945, [[General Order No. 1]] instructed Japan to surrender its troops in Taiwan to Chiang Kai-shek. On 25 October 1945, KMT general [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]] acted on behalf of the Allied Powers to accept Japan's surrender and proclaimed that day as [[Retrocession Day|Taiwan Retrocession Day]].

Tensions between the local Taiwanese and [[waishengren|mainlanders]] from mainland China increased in the intervening years, culminating in a flashpoint on 27 February 1947 in [[Taipei]] when a dispute between a female cigarette vendor and an anti-smuggling officer in front of [[Tianma Tea House]] triggered civil disorder and protests that would last for days. The uprising turned bloody and was shortly put down by the [[Military of the Republic of China|ROC Army]] in the [[February 28 Incident]]. As a result of the 28 February Incident in 1947, Taiwanese people endured the "[[White Terror (Taiwan)|White Terror]]", a KMT-led political repression that resulted in the death or disappearance of over 30,000 Taiwanese intellectuals, activists, and people suspected of opposition to the KMT.<ref>[http://englishnews.ftv.com.tw/read.aspx?sno=5B33122680FD5E65A32B8E335FE5727A "Ceremonies held to commemorate 228 Incident victims (2014/02/28)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211124818/http://englishnews.ftv.com.tw/read.aspx?sno=5B33122680FD5E65A32B8E335FE5727A |date=11 December 2014}}. ''englishnews.ftv.com.tw''.</ref>

Following the [[Proclamation of the People's Republic of China|establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC)]] on 1 October 1949, the commanders of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) believed that [[Kinmen]] and [[Matsu Islands|Matsu]] had to be taken before a final assault on Taiwan. The KMT fought the [[Battle of Guningtou]] on 25–27 October 1949 and stopped the PLA invasion. The KMT headquarters were set up on 10 December 1949 at No. 11 Zhongshan South Road.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=para&mnum=108|title=Party's History|publisher=Kuomintang|quote=Following the government of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang relocates to Taiwan. Kuomintang Party headquarters are set up at No. 11 Zhongshan South Road.|access-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232702/http://www1.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=para&mnum=108|archive-date=26 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1950, Chiang took office in Taipei under the [[Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion]]. The provision declared [[martial law in Taiwan]] and halted some democratic processes, including presidential and parliamentary elections, until the mainland could be recovered from the CCP. The KMT estimated it would take three years to defeat the Communists. The slogan was "prepare in the first year, start fighting in the second, and conquer in the third year." Chiang also initiated the [[Project National Glory]] to retake the mainland in 1965, but dropped it in 1972 after many unsuccessful attempts. Various factors, including international pressure, are believed to have prevented the KMT from militarily engaging the CCP full-scale. The KMT backed Muslim insurgents formerly belonging to the [[National Revolutionary Army]] during the [[Kuomintang Islamic insurgency in China (1950–58)|KMT Islamic insurgency in 1950–1958]] in mainland China. A cold war with a couple of minor military conflicts resulted in the early years. The various government bodies previously in [[Nanjing]] that were reestablished in Taipei as the KMT-controlled government actively claimed sovereignty over all China. The Republic of China in Taiwan retained [[China and the United Nations|China's seat in the United Nations]] until 1971 as well as recognition by the United States until 1979.[[File:蔣中正總統玉照.png|thumb|Official portrait of President [[Chiang Kai-shek]] of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]], 1955]]

In response to widespread corruption, factionalism, and bureaucratic inefficiency that had plagued the KMT and were viewed as key contributors to its defeat in the Chinese Civil War, Chiang Kai-shek initiated a sweeping modernization campaign, the [[Party Reform Program]], between 1950 and 1952. The reform aimed to consolidate party discipline and centralize authority under Chiang's leadership. The campaign was led by the newly established Central Reform Committee, which sought to eliminate defeatism, factionalism, bureaucratism, and dependency within the party ranks. It also emphasized institutionalization, organizational cohesion, and the transformation of party culture. At the KMT's National Congress in October 1952, Chiang declared the reform a success. As a result, the party charter was amended to redefine the KMT as a revolutionary democratic party, drawing its social base from youth, intellectuals, and the working and agricultural classes while positioning patriotic revolutionaries among these classes as the core of party membership. The program marginalized rival factions such as the [[CC Clique]], paving the way for the rise of figures like [[Chen Cheng]] and later Chiang Ching-kuo, who dominated party leadership in the decades to come.<ref>{{cite book |last=Chen |first=Cheng-mao |title=日治及戰後初期臺灣政黨與政治團體史論 (1900–1960) |publisher=Yuan Hua Wen Chuang Co., Ltd. |date=2020 |isbn=9789577111586 |language=zh-hant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Nz2EAAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Slater |first1=Dan |last2=Wong |first2=Joseph |title=從經濟發展到民主：現代亞洲轉型之路的不同面貌 |publisher=春山出版有限公司 |year=2024 |isbn=9786267478080 |pages=141–143 |language=zh-hant}}</ref>

Until the 1970s, the KMT continued land reforms, developed the economy, implemented a democratic system in a lower level of the government, improved [[Cross-Strait relations|relations between Taiwan and the mainland]] and created the [[Taiwan economic miracle]]. The KMT controlled the government under a one-party authoritarian state until reforms in the late 1970s through the 1990s. The ROC in Taiwan was once synonymous with the KMT and known simply as Nationalist China after its ruling party. In the 1970s, the KMT began to allow for "supplemental elections" in Taiwan to fill the seats of the aging representatives in the [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]].

Although opposition parties were not permitted, the pro-democracy movement ''[[Tangwai]]'' ("outside the KMT") created the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] (DPP) on 28 September 1986. Outside observers of Taiwanese politics expected the KMT to clamp down and crush the illegal opposition party, but this did not occur, and instead the party's formation marked the beginning of Taiwan's [[democratization]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-052318-025732|doi-access=free|title=Authoritarian-Led Democratization|year=2020|last1=Riedl|first1=Rachel Beatty|last2=Slater|first2=Dan|last3=Wong|first3=Joseph|last4=Ziblatt|first4=Daniel|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|volume=23|pages=315–332}}</ref>

[[Martial law]] ceased in 1987 and the President [[Lee Teng-hui]] terminated the [[Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion]] in 1991. All parties started to be allowed to compete at all levels of elections, including the presidential election. [[Lee Teng-hui]], the ROC's first democratically elected president and the leader of the KMT during the 1990s, announced his advocacy of "special state-to-state relations" with the PRC. The PRC associated this idea with [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwan independence]].

The KMT faced a split that led to the formation of the [[New Party (Taiwan)|New Party]] in August 1993, alleged to be a result of Lee's "corruptive ruling style". After Lee was purged, the New Party largely reintegrated into the KMT. A much more serious split in the party occurred as a result of the [[2000 Taiwan presidential election|2000 presidential election]]. Upset at the choice of [[Lien Chan]] as the party's presidential nominee, former party Secretary-General [[James Soong]] launched an independent bid, which resulted in the expulsion of Soong and his supporters and the formation of the [[People First Party (Taiwan)|People First Party]] (PFP) on 31 March 2000. The KMT candidate placed third behind Soong in the elections. After the election, Lee's strong relationship with the opponent became apparent. To prevent defections to the PFP, Lien moved the party away from Lee's pro-independence policies and became friendlier to [[Chinese unification]]. This led to Lee's expulsion from the party and the formation of the [[Taiwan Solidarity Union]] (TSU) by Lee supporters on 24 July 2001.

Before that, the party's voters had defected to both the PFP and TSU, and the KMT did poorly in the [[2001 Taiwan legislative election|December 2001 legislative elections]] and lost its position as the largest party in the [[Legislative Yuan]]. But the party did well in the 2002 mayoral and council elections, with [[Ma Ying-jeou]], its candidate for Taipei mayor, reelected by a landslide and its candidate for [[Kaohsiung]] mayor narrowly losing but doing surprisingly well. Since 2002, the KMT and PFP have coordinated electoral strategies. In 2004, the KMT and PFP ran a joint presidential ticket, with Lien running for president and Soong for vice-president.

The loss of the presidential election of 2004 to DPP President [[Chen Shui-bian]] by merely over 30,000 votes was a bitter disappointment to party members, leading to large scale rallies for several weeks protesting alleged electoral fraud and the "odd circumstances" of the [[3-19 shooting incident|shooting of President Chen]]. However, the fortunes of the party were greatly improved when the KMT did well in the [[2004 Taiwan legislative election|legislative elections]] held in December 2004 by maintaining its support in southern Taiwan achieving a majority for the [[Pan-Blue Coalition]].

Soon after the election, there appeared to be a falling out with the KMT's junior partner, the People First Party and talk of a merger seemed to have ended. This split appeared to widen in early 2005, as the leader of the PFP, James Soong appeared to be reconciling with President [[Chen Shui-Bian]] and the [[Democratic Progressive Party]]. Many PFP members including legislators and municipal leaders have since defected to the KMT, and the PFP is seen as a fading party.

In 2005, Ma Ying-jeou became KMT chairman defeating speaker [[Wang Jin-pyng]] in the [[2005 Kuomintang chairmanship election|first public election for KMT chairmanship]]. The KMT won a decisive victory in the [[2005 Taiwanese local elections|3-in-1 local elections]] of December 2005, replacing the DPP as the largest party at the local level. This was seen as a major victory for the party ahead of legislative elections in 2007. There were elections for the two municipalities of the ROC, Taipei and [[Kaohsiung]] in December 2006. The KMT won a clear victory in Taipei, but lost to the DPP in the southern city of [[Kaohsiung]] by the slim margin of 1,100 votes.[[File:KMT Headquarters, Taipei.JPG|thumb|The former KMT headquarters in [[Taipei City]] (1949–2006), whose imposing structure, directly facing the [[Presidential Office Building (Republic of China)|Presidential Office Building]], was seen as a symbol of the party's wealth and dominance]]On 13 February 2007, Ma was indicted by the Taiwan High Prosecutors Office on charges of allegedly embezzling approximately NT$11 million (US$339,000), regarding the issue of "special expenses" while he was mayor of Taipei. Shortly after the indictment, he submitted his resignation as KMT chairman at the same press conference at which he formally announced his candidacy for ROC president. Ma argued that it was customary for officials to use the special expense fund for personal expenses undertaken in the course of their official duties. In December 2007, Ma was acquitted of all charges and immediately filed suit against the prosecutors. In 2008, the KMT won a landslide victory in the [[2008 Taiwan presidential election|Republic of China presidential election on 22 March 2008]]. The KMT fielded former Taipei mayor and former KMT chairman [[Ma Ying-jeou]] to run against the DPP's Frank Hsieh. Ma won by a margin of 17% against Hsieh. Ma took office on 20 May 2008, with vice-presidential candidate Vincent Siew, and ended 8 years of the DPP presidency. The KMT also won a landslide victory in the [[2008 Taiwan legislative election|2008 legislative elections]], winning 81 of 113 seats, or 71.7% of seats in the [[Legislative Yuan]]. These two elections gave the KMT firm control of both the executive and legislative yuans.

On 25 June 2009, Ma launched a bid to regain the KMT leadership and registered as the sole candidate for the [[2009 Kuomintang chairmanship election|chairmanship election]]. On 26 July, Ma won 93.9% of the vote, becoming the new chairman of the KMT,<ref>[http://english.cna.com.tw/ReadNews/Detail.aspx?pSearchDate=&pNewsID=200907270004&pType1=PD&pType0=xPDCS&pTypeSel=0 President Ma elected KMT chairman]{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} – CNA ENGLISH NEWS</ref> taking office on 17 October 2009. This officially allowed Ma to meet with [[Xi Jinping]], the [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]], and other PRC delegates, as he represented the KMT as leader of a Chinese political party rather than as head-of-state of a political entity unrecognized by the PRC.<ref>[http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=986347&lang=eng_news&cate_img=logo_taiwan&cate_rss=TAIWAN_eng Taiwan President Ma Ying-jeou registers for KMT leadership race] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429035126/http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=986347&lang=eng_news&cate_img=logo_taiwan&cate_rss=TAIWAN_eng |date=29 April 2011 }} – eTaiwan News</ref>

On 29 November 2014, the KMT suffered a heavy loss in the [[2014 Taiwanese local elections|local election]] to the DPP, winning only 6 municipalities and counties, down from 14 in the previous election in [[2009 Taiwanese local elections|2009]] and [[2010 Taiwanese municipal elections|2010]]. Ma Ying-jeou resigned from the party chairmanship on 3 December and was replaced by acting Chairman [[Wu Den-yih]]. [[2015 Kuomintang chairmanship election|Chairmanship election]] was held on 17 January 2015 and [[Eric Chu]] was elected. He was inaugurated on 19 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201411290001.aspx|title=Polls open for 9-in-1 local government elections|date=29 November 2014 |access-date=4 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706061952/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201411290001.aspx|archive-date=6 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2021, KMT elected its former leader [[Eric Chu]] to replace [[Johnny Chiang]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Taiwan's new Kuomintang leader keeps party on China-friendly track |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Taiwan-s-new-Kuomintang-leader-keeps-party-on-China-friendly-track |author-last=Hale|author-first=Erin|date=28 September 2021|work=Nikkei Asia |access-date=12 October 2021 |archive-date=12 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012043849/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Taiwan-s-new-Kuomintang-leader-keeps-party-on-China-friendly-track |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2024, no party won a majority in Taiwan's [[2024 Taiwanese legislative election|legislative election]] for the first time since 2004, with 51 seats for the DPP, 52 for the KMT, and eight for the TPP.<ref>{{cite news |title=No party gets majority in Legislature; KMT wins most seats – Focus Taiwan |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202401130014 |work=Focus Taiwan – CNA English News |date=13 January 2024 |access-date=15 January 2024 |archive-date=4 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204163716/https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202401130014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Current issues and challenges ===
==== Party assets ====
[[File:Pan-blue supporters during 2004 ROC presidential election with ROC flags.jpg|thumb|[[Pan-Blue Coalition|Pan-blue]] supporters at a rally during the [[2004 Republic of China presidential election|2004 presidential election]]|273x273px]]
Upon arriving in Taiwan the KMT occupied assets previously owned by the Japanese and forced local businesses to make contributions directly to the KMT. Some of this real estate and other assets was distributed to party loyalists, but most of it remained with the party, as did the profits generated by the properties.<ref>{{cite web |last=Anaforian |first=Daniel |title=KMT Assets a Barrier to Party Reform and Electoral Success |url=https://globaltaiwan.org/2021/04/vol-6-issue-8/ |work=Global Taiwan Brief |date=21 April 2021 |volume=6 |issue=8 |publisher=Global Taiwan Institute |access-date=25 April 2021 |archive-date=25 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425010359/https://globaltaiwan.org/2021/04/vol-6-issue-8/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Xu |first1=Dianqing |title=The KMT Party's Enterprises in Taiwan |journal=Modern Asian Studies |date=May 1997 |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=399–413 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00014359 }}</ref>

As the ruling party on Taiwan, the KMT amassed a vast business empire of banks, investment companies, petrochemical firms, and television and radio stations, thought to have made it the world's richest political party, with assets once estimated to be around US$2–10&nbsp;billion.<ref name="KMT_asset">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/printedition/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=898158|newspaper=Economist|title=Taiwan's Kuomintang On the brink|date=6 December 2001|access-date=21 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908041252/http://www.economist.com/printedition/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=898158|archive-date=8 September 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> Although this war chest appeared to help the KMT until the mid-1990s, it later led to accusations of corruption (often referred to as "[[Black gold (politics)|black gold]]").

After 2000, the KMT's financial holdings appeared to be more of a liability than a benefit, and the KMT started to divest itself of its assets. However, the transactions were not disclosed and the whereabouts of the money earned from selling assets (if it has gone anywhere) is unknown. There were accusations in the [[2004 Taiwan presidential election|2004 presidential election]] that the KMT retained assets that were illegally acquired. During the 2000–2008 DPP presidency, a law was proposed by the DPP in the [[Legislative Yuan]] to recover illegally acquired party assets and return them to the government. However, due to the DPP's lack of control of the legislative chamber at the time, it never materialized.

The KMT also acknowledged that part of its assets were acquired through extra-legal means and thus promised to "retro-endow" them to the government. However, the quantity of the assets which should be classified as illegal are still under heated debate. DPP, in its capacity as ruling party from 2000 to 2008, claimed that there is much more that the KMT has yet to acknowledge. Also, the KMT actively sold assets under its title to quench its recent financial difficulties, which the DPP argues is illegal. Former KMT chairman [[Ma Ying-Jeou]]'s position is that the KMT will sell some of its properties at below market rates rather than return them to the government and that the details of these transactions will not be publicly disclosed.

[[File:Shilin Division, Kuomintang Taipei City Committee 20161231.jpg|thumb|Kuomintang public service center in Shilin, Taipei]]
In 2006, the KMT sold its headquarters at 11 Zhongshan South Road in [[Taipei]] to [[Evergreen Group]] for [[New Taiwan dollar|NT$]]2.3&nbsp;billion (US$96&nbsp;million). The KMT moved into a smaller building on Bade Road in the eastern part of the city.<ref>Mo, Yan-chih. "[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2006/03/23/2003298738 KMT headquarters sold for NT$2.3bn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413190732/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2006/03/23/2003298738 |date=13 April 2010 }}." ''[[Taipei Times]]''. Thursday 23 March 2006. Page 1. Retrieved 29 September 2009.</ref>

In July 2014, the KMT reported total assets of NT$26.8&nbsp;billion (US$892.4&nbsp;million) and interest earnings of NT$981.52&nbsp;million for the year of 2013, making it one of the richest political parties in the world.<ref>2014-07-24, [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/07/24/2003595820 KMT is again 'world's richest party'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726150524/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/07/24/2003595820 |date=26 July 2014 }}, Taipei Times</ref>

In August 2016, the [[Ill-gotten Party Assets Settlement Committee]] was set up by the ruling DPP government to investigate KMT party assets acquired during the [[Martial law in Taiwan|martial law]] period and recover those that were determined to be illegally acquired.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tai|first1=Ya-chen|last2=Hsieh|first2=Chia-chen|last3=Hsu|first3=Elizabeth|title=Commission to investigate KMT assets launched|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201608310021.aspx|access-date=31 August 2016|agency=Central News Agency|date=31 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901140008/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201608310021.aspx|archive-date=1 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Supporter base ==
Support for the KMT in Taiwan encompasses a wide range of social groups but is largely determined by age. KMT support is concentrated in northern Taiwan in urban areas, where it draws its backing from big businesses due to its policy of maintaining commercial links with mainland China. As of 2020, only 3% of KMT members are under 40 years of age.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20200421/p2g/00m/0in/048000c|title=Taiwan's once-powerful Kuomintang faces make-or-break moment|work=[[The Mainichi]]|date=22 April 2020|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429023403/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20200421/p2g/00m/0in/048000c|archive-date=29 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=January 2024}}

The KMT also has some support in the labor sector because of the many labor benefits and insurance implemented while the KMT was in power. The KMT traditionally has strong cooperation with military officers and veterans, teachers, and government workers. Among ethnic groups in Taiwan, the KMT has stronger support among [[waishengren|mainlanders]] and their descendants for ideological and ethnic reasons and among some [[Taiwanese indigenous peoples]] who do not agree with the Pan-Green political pandering. The support for the KMT generally tend to be stronger in majority-[[Hakka]] and [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]-speaking counties of Taiwan, in contrast to the [[Hokkien]]-majority southwestern counties that tend to support the [[Democratic Progressive Party]].

Hostility between indigenous communities and (Taiwanese) Hoklo and the indigenous communities' robust KMT networks both contribute to the indigenous tendency to vote for the KMT and their skepticism towards the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last1=Damm|first1=Jens|editor1-last=Damm|editor1-first=Jens|editor2-last=Lim|editor2-first=Paul|title=European perspectives on Taiwan|date=2012|publisher=Springer VS|location=Wiesbaden|isbn=978-3-531-94303-9|page=95|chapter=Multiculturalism in Taiwan and the Influence of Europe}}</ref> Indigenous peoples have criticized politicians for abusing the "indigenization" movement for political gains, such as indigenous opposition to the DPP's "[[Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign|rectification]]" by recognizing the [[Taroko people]] for political reasons, with the majority of mountain townships voting for [[Ma Ying-jeou]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOusAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 Simon 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520072855/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOusAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 |date=20 May 2015 }}, p. 28.</ref> In 2005 the Kuomintang displayed a massive photo of the anti-Japanese Seediq leader [[Mona Rudao]] at its headquarters in honor of the 60th anniversary of Taiwan's retrocession from Japan to the Republic of China.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 October 2005 |script-title=zh:國民黨紀念光復稱莫那魯道抗日英雄 |url=http://www.lihpao.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-80741 |newspaper=[[:zh:台湾立报|Lihpao]] |language=zh-hant |access-date=26 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094925/http://www.lihpao.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-80741 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live |title=The Enlightened Mindset – Exploring the World of Knowledge and Understanding }}</ref>

On social issues, the KMT does not take an official position on [[Same-sex marriage in Taiwan|same-sex marriage]], though most members of legislative committees, mayors of cities, and the 2020 presidential candidate [[Han Kuo-yu]] oppose it. The party does, however, have a small faction that supports same-sex marriage, consisting mainly of young people and residents of the [[Taipei metropolitan area]]. The opposition to same-sex marriage comes mostly from [[Christianity in Taiwan|Christian]] groups, who wield significant political influence within the KMT.<ref>{{cite news |author=Agence France-Presse in Taipei |title=Taiwan pins same-sex marriage hopes on political change |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/1892493/taiwan-pins-same-***-marriage-hopes-political-change |newspaper=South China Morning Post |date=18 December 2015 |access-date=17 December 2015 }}{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The party also support [[transnational marriage]]s between mainland Chinese and Taiwanese in an attempt to preserve Chinese culture in Taiwan, although not without controversies over assimilation and [[espionage]].<ref name="taipeitimes.com">{{cite web | title=KMT Legislator Yu Hao proposes changes to Chinese spouse law – Taipei Times | date=14 January 2025 | url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2025/01/14/2003830179 }}</ref>

== Organization ==
[[File:Kuomintang Central Committee 20050405.jpg|thumb|upright|Bade building in Taipei City, before becoming the KMT headquarters. The KMT Central Committee sold the original headquarters to private investors of the [[EVA Air]]ways Corporation, and moved to this more modest building in June 2006.]]
[[File:KMT Kinmen 20141231.JPG|thumb|KMT Kinmen headquarters office in [[Jincheng, Kinmen|Jincheng Township]], Kinmen County]]
[[File:Wongwt_國民黨首爾黨部_(16921318627).jpg|thumb|KMT [[Korea]] headquarters, located in front of the [[Embassy of China, Seoul|Embassy of China]], at [[Myeong-dong]], [[Seoul]]]]
[[File:KMT San Francisco Headquarters (6532).JPG|thumb|upright|The KMT maintains offices in some of the [[Chinatown]]s of the world and its United States party headquarters are located in [[Chinatown, San Francisco|San Francisco Chinatown]], on [[Stockton Street (San Francisco)|Stockton Street]] directly across the [[Chinese Six Companies]]]]
[[File:kmtny.JPG|thumb|upright|KMT Eastern U.S. headquarters, located in [[Chinatown, Manhattan|New York Chinatown]], are the party's earliest offices in the U.S., established in 1909.<ref>{{cite web |title=僑團史略 |url=http://www.ccbala.org/home/productdetail/115890 |website=中國國民黨駐羅省分部 |language=zh-tw}}</ref>]]
[[File:KMT Blg.jpg|thumb|right|KMT Building in [[Vancouver Chinatown|Vancouver's Chinatown]], British Columbia, Canada]]
[[File:Chinese Nationalist Party of Australia building Ultimo Rd in Sydney.jpg|thumb|upright|KMT office of [[Australasia]] in Sydney, Australia]]

=== Leadership ===
The Kuomintang's constitution designated Sun Yat-sen as party president. After his death, the Kuomintang opted to keep that language in its constitution to honor his memory forever, further designating him as "Permanent Prime Minister" and Chiang Kai-Shek as "Permanent President". The party has since been headed by a director-general (1927–1975) and a chairman (since 1975), positions which officially discharge the functions of the president.

==== Current Central Committee Leadership ====
{{further|Chairman of the Kuomintang|Secretary-General of the Kuomintang}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name(s)
|-
| [[Chairperson of the Kuomintang|Chairperson]]
| [[Cheng Li-wun]]
|-
| [[Chairman of the Kuomintang#List of deputy party leaders|Vice Chairpersons]]
| [[Lee Chien-lung]], Ji Linlian, Xiao Xucen, Zhang Ronggong
|-
| [[Secretary-General of the Kuomintang|Secretary-General]]
| [[Lee Chien-lung]]
|-
| Deputy Secretaries-General
| {{ill|Chiang Chun-ting|zh|江俊霆}} (full-time), {{ill|Wang Yu-min|zh|王育敏}} (full-time), [[Lee Yen-hsiu]], [[Hsieh Yi-fong]], [[Alex Fai]]
|-
| Policy Committee Executive Director
| [[Tseng Ming-chung]]
|-
| {{ill|Organizational Development Committee|zh|中國國民黨中央委員會組織發展委員會}} Director
| Hsu Yu-chen
|-
| {{ill|Culture and Communications Committee|zh|中國國民黨中央委員會文化傳播委員會}} Director 
| [[Ling Tao]]
|-
| Administration Committee Director
| {{ill|Chiu Da-chan|zh|邱大展}}
|-
| {{ill|Party Disciplinary Committee|zh|中國國民黨中央委員會考核紀律委員會}} Director
| {{ill|Lee Guei-min|zh|李貴敏}}
|-
| [[Institute of Revolutionary Practice]] Director
| {{ill|Lin Yi-hua|zh|林奕華(台灣)}}
|}

==== Legislative Yuan leader (Caucus leader) ====
<!-- 國會領袖 -->
<ref>{{cite book |date=1994 |title=中國國民黨職名錄 |publisher=中國國民黨中央委員會黨史委員會 |isbn=9575910915}}</ref>，政策委員會秘書長即黨團領袖
* 谷鳳翔 （– 18 August 1965）
* [[Kuo Cheng (politician)|Kuo Cheng]] （18 August 1965 – 6 February 1967）
* 張寶樹 （1967–1968）
* 王任遠 (1968–1970)
* [[Chao Tzu-chi]] (1970–1988)
* [[Liang Su-yung]] (1988–1989)
* [[Yao Eng-chi]] (1993)
* {{ill|Hong Yuh-chin|zh|洪玉欽}} (1 February 1999 – 1 February 2004)
* [[Tseng Yung-chuan]] (1 February 2004 – 1 December 2008)
* [[Lin Yi-shih]] (1 December 2008 – 1 February 2012)
* [[Lin Hung-chih]] (1 February 2012 – 31 July 2014)
* [[Alex Fai]] (31 July 2014 – 7 February 2015)
* [[Lai Shyh-bao]] (7 February 2015 – 7 July 2016)
* [[Liao Kuo-tung]] (7 July 2016 – 29 June 2017)
* [[Lin Te-fu]] (29 June 2017 – 14 June 2018)
* [[Johnny Chiang]] (14 June 2018–2019)
* [[Tseng Ming-chung]] (2019–2020)
* {{ill|Lin Wei-chou|zh|林為洲}} (2020–2021)
* Alex Fai (2021–2022)
* [[Tseng Ming-chung]] (2022–2024)
* [[Fu Kun-chi]] (since 2024)

=== Party organization and structure ===
The KMT is being led by a Central Committee with a commitment to a principle of [[Democratic centralism (Kuomintang)|democratic centralism]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=para&mnum=107|title=Kuomintang News Network|publisher=Kmt.org.tw|date=26 February 2009|access-date=13 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927081830/http://www.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=para&mnum=107|archive-date=27 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[National Congress of the Kuomintang|National Congress]]
** Party chairman
*** Vice-chairmen
** [[Central Committee of the Kuomintang|Central Committee]]
*** Central Steering Committee for Women
** [[Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang|Central Standing Committee]]
** Secretary-General
*** Deputy Secretaries-General
** Executive Director

====Standing committees and departments====

* Policy Committee
** Policy Coordination Department
** Policy Research Department
** [[Mainland Affairs Department of the Kuomintang|Mainland Affairs Department]]
* [[Institute of Revolutionary Practice]], formerly National Development Institute
** [[Kuomintang Youth League]]
** Research Division
** Education and Counselling Division
*Party Disciplinary Committee
** Evaluation and Control Office
** Audit Office
* Culture and Communications Committee
** Cultural Department
** Communications Department
** KMT Party History Institute
* Administration Committee
** Personnel Office
** General Office
** Finance Office
** Accounting Office
** Information Center
* Organizational Development Committee
** Organization and Operations Department
** Elections Mobilization Department
** Community Volunteers Department
** Overseas Department
** Youth Department
** Women's Department

=== Party charter ===

The Kuomintang Party Charter was adopted on January 28, 1924. The current charter has 51 articles and includes contents of General Principles, Party Membership, Organization, The National President, The Director-General, The National Congress, The Central Committee, District and Sub-District Party Headquarters, Cadres and Tenure, Discipline, Awards and Punishment, Funding, and Supplementary Provisions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=para&mnum=109|title=Kuomintang News Network|website=www1.kmt.org.tw|access-date=12 September 2015|archive-date=6 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206204127/http://www.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=para&mnum=109|url-status=live}}</ref> The most recent version was made at the Twentieth National Congress on July 28, 2019. <!-- The following text was in the original page merged over from but I'm not sure it makes sense to just copy over an article of the charter without some kind of context or reason: According to Article 1 of the Charter, the Kuomintang is a democratic, just and innovative political party for all the people. The Party is guided by the Three Principles of the People in its objective to build a developed, secure, people-first society in the Taiwan area, and realize a free, democratic Republic of China where every citizen prospers. The party also follows the [[Three Principles of the People]] and the Five-Power Constitution. It is united in its adherence to the concept of constitutional democracy and seeking a strong, united and prosperous nation.-->

=== Factions ===
====Historical Factions====
* [[Western Hills Group]]
* [[Reorganization Group]]
* {{ill|Left-wing of Kuomintang|lt=|zh|国民党左派}}
* [[Guominjun]] (semi-independent)
* [[Political Science Clique]]
* {{ill|Whampoa Clique|lt=|zh|黃埔系}}
* [[Blue Shirt Society]] (split from the Whampoa Clique)
* [[CC Clique]]
* [[Zhu Jiahua|New Cadre Clique]] (split from CC Clique)
* [[Tsotanhui Clique]] (form from the merger of Whampoa Clique, Blue Shirt Society and [[Three Principles of the People Youth Corps]])
* {{ill|Mainstream Clique|lt=|zh|主流派 (中國國民黨)}}
* {{ill|Non-Mainstream Clique|lt=|zh|非主流派 (中國國民黨)}}

====Contemporary Faction====
* {{ill|Brainstorming Breakfast Clique|lt=|zh|集思會}}
* [[New Kuomintang Alliance]]
* {{ill|Lien Clique|lt=|zh|連系}}
* {{ill|Mǎ Clique|lt=|zh|馬系}}
* {{ill|Chu Clique|lt=|zh|朱系}}<ref>{{cite news |last=李 |first=成蔭 |title=朱立倫交棒續當總教練 朱家軍轉移陣地不缺席2028？ |url=https://vip.udn.com/vip/story/121940/9019472 |newspaper=聯合報 |date=2025-09-21 |language=zh-hant |access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=周 |first=志豪 |title=朱系擬推楊智伃、鄧凱勛選雙北市議員 朱營：不是組朱家軍，是組國民黨軍 |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E6%9C%B1%E7%B3%BB%E6%93%AC%E6%8E%A8%E6%A5%8A%E6%99%BA%E4%BC%83-%E9%84%A7%E5%87%B1%E5%8B%9B%E9%81%B8%E9%9B%99%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1-%E6%9C%B1%E7%87%9F-%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E7%B5%84%E6%9C%B1%E5%AE%B6%E8%BB%8D-%E6%98%AF%E7%B5%84%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8%E8%BB%8D-204126146.html |newspaper=太報 |date=2025-11-02 |language=zh-hant |access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=文訊編輯部 |title=新新聞周刊，第1725期 |date=2020-03-26 |publisher=新新聞文化事業股份有限公司 |pages=44 |language=zh-hant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6rYDwAAQBAJ&dq=%E6%9C%B1%E7%B3%BB&pg=PA44 |access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref>
* {{ill|Huang Fu-hsing Clique|lt=|zh|黃復興工作委員會}}
* {{ill|Regional Clique|lt=|zh|台灣地方派系}}

== Ideology in mainland China ==
{{see also|History of the Kuomintang|Conservatism in China}}
{{Three Principles of the People}}
{{Conservatism in China}}

=== Chinese nationalism ===
{{See also|Chinese nationalism#State nationalism}}
The KMT was a nationalist revolutionary party that had been supported by the Soviet Union. It was organized on the [[Leninist]] principle of [[Democratic centralism (Kuomintang)|democratic centralism]].{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=413}}

The KMT had several influences upon its ideology by revolutionary thinking. The KMT and Chiang Kai-shek used the words [[feudal]] and [[counterrevolutionary]] as synonyms for evil and backwardness, and they proudly proclaimed themselves to be [[revolutionary|revolutionaries]].<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Edgar|author-last1= Snow|title=Red Star Over China – The Rise of the Red Army|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYUABRj8IDwC&pg=PA89|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2008|publisher=Read Books|isbn=978-1-4437-3673-2|page=89|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205143957/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYUABRj8IDwC&pg=PA89|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Jieru |author-last1=Chen|author-first2= Lloyd E. |author-last2=Eastman|title=Chiang Kai-shek's Secret Past: The Memoir of His Second Wife, Ch'en Chieh-ju|url=https://archive.org/details/chiangkaisheksse00chen|url-access=registration|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1993|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-1825-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/chiangkaisheksse00chen/page/19 19]}}</ref> Chiang called the [[warlord]]s feudalists, and he also called for feudalism and counterrevolutionaries to be stamped out by the KMT.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Kai-shek |author-last1=Chiang|author2=Philip Jacob Jaffe|author-link2=Philip Jacob Jaffe|title=China's Destiny & Chinese Economic Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9e9wAAAAMAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1947|publisher=Roy Publishers|page=225|editor=Philip Jacob Jaffe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205051802/https://books.google.com/books?id=9e9wAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="google65">{{cite book|author-first1=Simei |author-last1=Qing|title=From Allies to Enemies: Visions of Modernity, Identity, and U.S.–China Diplomacy, 1945–1960|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PpproKeP7cwC&pg=PA65|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2007|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-02344-4|page=65|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205031825/https://books.google.com/books?id=PpproKeP7cwC&pg=PA65|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kai Shew Chiang Kai Shew 2007 225">{{cite book|author=Kai Shew Chiang Kai Shew|title=China's Destiny and Chinese Economic Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCAjnuU3z-sC&pg=PA225|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2007|publisher=Read Books|isbn=978-1-4067-5838-2|page=225|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205145519/https://books.google.com/books?id=bCAjnuU3z-sC&pg=PA225|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="google268">{{cite book|author-first1=Hongshan |author-last1=Li|author-first2=Zhaohui |author-last2=Hong|title=Image, Perception, and the Making of U.S.–China Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gnmxDpX7ZlsC&pg=PA268|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1998|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=978-0-7618-1158-9|page=268|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205103059/https://books.google.com/books?id=gnmxDpX7ZlsC&pg=PA268|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Chiang showed extreme rage when he was called a warlord, because of the word's negative and feudal connotations.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jieru Chen, Lloyd E. Eastman|author2=Lloyd E. Eastman|title=Chiang Kai-shek's Secret Past: The Memoir of His Second Wife, Ch'en Chieh-ju|url=https://archive.org/details/chiangkaisheksse00chen|url-access=registration|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1993|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-1825-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/chiangkaisheksse00chen/page/226 226]}}</ref> Ma Bufang was forced to defend himself against the accusations, and stated to the news media that his army was a part of "National army, people's power".{{Sfn|Bulag|2002|p=50}}

Chiang Kai-shek, the head of the KMT, warned the Soviet Union and other foreign countries about interfering in Chinese affairs. He was personally angry at the way China was treated by foreigners, mainly by the Soviet Union, Britain, and the United States.<ref name="google65"/>{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=504}} He and his [[New Life Movement]] called for the crushing of Soviet, Western, American and other foreign influences in China. Chen Lifu, a [[CC Clique]] member in the KMT, said "Communism originated from Soviet imperialism, which has encroached on our country." It was also noted that "the white bear of the North Pole is known for its viciousness and cruelty".<ref name="google268"/>

KMT leaders across China adopted nationalist rhetoric. The Chinese Muslim general [[Ma Bufang]] of [[Qinghai]] presented himself as a Chinese nationalist to the people of China who was fighting against [[Western imperialism in Asia|Western imperialism]] to deflect criticism by opponents that his government was feudal and oppressed minorities like Tibetans and Buddhist Mongols. He used his Chinese nationalist credentials to his advantage to keep himself in power.{{Sfn|Bulag|2002|p=48}}{{Sfn|Bulag|2002|p=49}}

=== Fascist influences ===
{{See also|Dang Guo}}
The [[Blue Shirts Society]], a [[Chinese nationalism#Ultranationalism|ultranationalist]] paramilitary organization within the KMT that modeled itself after [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]'s [[blackshirts]], was [[Xenophobia|anti-foreign]] and [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]], and it stated that its agenda was to expel foreign (Japanese and Western) imperialists from China, crush Communism, and eliminate feudalism.<ref name=DaiLi>{{cite book|author-first1=Frederic E. |author-last1=Wakeman|title=Spymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYYYQYK6FAYC&pg=PA75|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2003|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-23407-9|page=75|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205143553/https://books.google.com/books?id=jYYYQYK6FAYC&pg=PA75|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to being anticommunist, some KMT members, like Chiang Kai-shek's right-hand man [[Dai Li]] were anti-American, and wanted to expel American influence.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=414}} Close [[Sino-German cooperation (1926–1941)|Sino-German ties]] also promoted cooperation between [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Nationalist government]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Rodriguez |first=Robyn L. |title=Journey to the East: The German Military Mission in China, 1927–1938 |date=2011 |url=http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1319222757 |oclc=773097163}}</ref> The Kuomintang sought to build a one-party ideological state in China, called ''[[Dang Guo]]'', to solidify its rule and ideological supremacy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sunology.yatsen.gov.tw/detail/7f484043455fe4840e67316e9b493957/ |title=當俄革命時 |website=國父思想總論 |publisher=國立國父紀念館 |access-date=2025-03-01}}</ref>

The [[New Life Movement]] was a government-led civic movement in 1930s China initiated by Chiang Kai-shek to promote cultural reform and Neo-Confucian social morality and to ultimately unite China under a centralised ideology following the emergence of ideological challenges to the status quo. The Movement attempted to counter threats of Western and Japanese imperialism through a resurrection of traditional Chinese morality, which it held to be superior to modern Western values. As such the Movement was based upon [[Confucianism]], mixed with [[Christianity]], [[nationalism]] and [[authoritarianism]] that have some similarities to fascism.<ref name="schok">Schoppa, R. Keith. [https://books.google.com/books?id=M6_tAAAAMAAJ&q=New+Life+Movement The Revolution and Its Past] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403221205/https://books.google.com/books?id=M6_tAAAAMAAJ&q=New+Life+Movement |date=3 April 2023 }} (New York: Pearson Prentic Hall, 2nd ed. 2006, pp. 208–209 .</ref> It rejected [[individualism]] and [[liberalism]], while also opposing [[socialism]] and [[communism]]. Some historians regard this movement as imitating [[Nazism]] and being a neo-[[Nationalism|nationalistic]] movement used to elevate Chiang's control of everyday lives. [[Frederic Wakeman]] suggested that the New Life Movement was "Confucian fascism".<ref>Wakeman, Frederic, Jr. (1997). "A Revisionist View of the Nanjing Decade: Confucian Fascism." ''The China Quarterly'' 150: 395–432.</ref>

According to [[Stanley G. Payne]], Chiang's KMT was "normally classified as a multi-class [[Right-wing populism|populist]] or '[[nation-building]]' party but not a fitting candidate for fascism (except by old-line Communists)." He also stated that, "Lloyd Eastman has called the Blue Shirts, whose members admired [[European fascism]] and were influenced by it, a Chinese fascist organization. This is probably an exaggeration. The Blue Shirts certainly exhibited some of the characteristics of fascism, as did many nationalist organizations around the world, but it is not clear that the group possessed the full qualities of an intrinsic fascist movement....The Blue Shirts probably had some affinity with and for fascism, a common feature of nationalisms in crisis during the 1930s, but it is doubtful that they represented any clear-cut Asian variant of fascism."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Payne |first=Stanley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&q=blue%20shirts%20chiang |title=A History of Fascism 1914–1945 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0299148744 |page=337 |access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref> The [[China–Germany relations (1912–1949)|Sino-German relationship]] also rapidly deteriorated as Germany failed to pursue a détente between China and Japan, which led to the outbreak of the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. China later declared war on [[Axis powers|fascist countries]], including Germany, Italy, and Japan, as part of the [[Declarations of war during World War II]] and Chiang, the head of the KMT, became the most powerful "[[anti-fascist]]" leader in Asia.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Guido Samarani |title=Shaping the Future of Asia: Chiang Kai-shek, Nehru and China-India Relations During the Second World War Period |date=2005 |publisher=Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, Lund University}}</ref>

=== Ideology of the New Guangxi Clique ===
The KMT branch in Guangxi province, led by the [[New Guangxi Clique]] of [[Bai Chongxi]] and [[Li Zongren]], implemented anti-imperialist, anti-religious, and anti-foreign policies. During the Northern Expedition, in 1926 in Guangxi, Muslim General [[Bai Chongxi]] led his troops in destroying most of the Buddhist temples and smashing idols, turning the temples into schools and KMT headquarters. Bai led an anti-foreign wave in Guangxi, attacking American, European, and other foreigners and missionaries, and generally making the province unsafe for non-natives. Westerners fled from the province, and some Chinese Christians were also attacked as imperialist agents.<ref name="google99">{{cite book|author-first1=Diana|author-last1= Lary|title=Region and Nation: The Kwangsi Clique in Chinese Politics, 1925–1937|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCA9AAAAIAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1974|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-20204-6|pages=98–99|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204225209/https://books.google.com/books?id=tCA9AAAAIAAJ|archive-date=4 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The leaders clashed with Chiang Kai-shek, which led to the Central Plains War where Chiang defeated the clique.

=== Socialism and anti-capitalist agitation ===
{{main|Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang|Canton Merchant Volunteers Corps Uprising}}

The KMT had a left wing and a right wing, the left being more radical in its pro-Soviet policies, but both wings equally persecuted merchants, accusing them of being counterrevolutionaries and reactionaries. The right wing under Chiang Kai-shek prevailed, and continued radical policies against private merchants and industrialists, even as they denounced communism.<ref name="Lee"/>

One of the Three Principles of the People of the KMT, Mínshēng, was defined as socialism by Sun Yat-sen. He defined this principle of saying in his last days "it's socialism and it's communism". The concept may be understood as [[social welfare]] as well. Sun understood it as an industrial economy and equality of land holdings for the Chinese peasant farmers. Here he was influenced by the American thinker [[Henry George]] (see [[Georgism]]), the [[land value tax]] in Taiwan is a legacy thereof. He divided livelihood into four areas: food, clothing, housing, and transportation; and planned out how an ideal (Chinese) government can take care of these for its people.<ref name="Lee">{{cite journal |last1=Bing-Shuey Lee |first1=Edward |title=The Three Principles of the Kuomintang |journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |date=November 1930 |volume=152 |issue=1 |pages=262–265 |doi=10.1177/000271623015200130 |jstor=1016560 }}</ref>

The KMT was referred to having a socialist ideology. "Equalization of land rights" was a clause included by Sun in the original Tongmenhui. The KMT's revolutionary ideology in the 1920s incorporated unique Chinese Socialism as part of its ideology.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Arif |author-last1=Dirlik|title=The Marxism in the Chinese Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S-aGLEtx7AYC&pg=PA20|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-3069-0|page=20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205042103/https://books.google.com/books?id=S-aGLEtx7AYC&pg=PA20|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite book|author=Von KleinSmid Institute of International Affairs, University of Southern California. School of Politics and International Relations|title=Studies in comparative communism, Volume 21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VHnmAAAAMAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1988|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|page=134|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205084844/https://books.google.com/books?id=VHnmAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Soviet Union trained KMT revolutionaries in the [[Moscow Sun Yat-sen University]]. In the West and in the Soviet Union, Chiang was known as the "Red General".{{Sfn|Pakula|2009|p=346}} Movie theaters in the Soviet Union showed newsreels and clips of Chiang, at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls, and in the Soviet May Day Parades that year{{when|date=June 2022}}, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of [[Karl Marx]], [[Lenin]], [[Stalin]], and other socialist leaders.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Jay |author-last1=Taylor|title=The Generalissimo's son: Chiang Ching-kuo and the Revolutions in China and Taiwan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5R2fnVZXiwC&pg=PA42|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2000|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-00287-6|page=42|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205144819/https://books.google.com/books?id=_5R2fnVZXiwC&pg=PA42|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The KMT attempted to levy taxes upon merchants in Canton, and the merchants resisted by raising an army, the Merchant's volunteer corps. Sun initiated this anti-merchant policy, and Chiang Kai-shek enforced it, Chiang led his army of [[Whampoa Military Academy]] graduates to defeat the merchant's army. Chiang was assisted by Soviet advisors, who supplied him with weapons, while the merchants were supplied with weapons from the Western countries.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=71}}{{Sfn|Pakula|2009|p=128}}

The KMT was accused of leading a "Red Revolution" in Canton. The merchants were conservative and [[reactionary]], and their Volunteer Corp leader Chen Lianbao was a prominent [[comprador]] trader.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=71}}

The merchants were supported by the [[Western world|Western powers]], who led an international flotilla to support them against the KMT.{{Sfn|Pakula|2009|p=128}} The KMT seized many of Western-supplied weapons from the merchants, using them to equip their troops. A KMT General executed several merchants, and the KMT formed a Soviet-inspired Revolutionary Committee.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=72}} The [[Communist Party of Great Britain|British Communist Party]] sent a letter to Sun, congratulating him on his military successes.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=73}}

In 1948, the KMT again attacked the merchants of Shanghai. Chiang Kai-shek sent his son [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] to restore economic order. Ching-kuo copied Soviet methods, which he learned during his stay there, to start a social revolution by attacking middle-class merchants. He also enforced low prices on all goods to raise support from the [[proletariat]].{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=485}}

As riots broke out and savings were ruined, bankrupting shop owners, Ching-kuo began to attack the wealthy, seizing assets and placing them under arrest. The son of the gangster [[Du Yuesheng]] was arrested by him. Ching-kuo ordered KMT agents to raid the Yangtze Development Corporation's warehouses, which was privately owned by [[H.H. Kung]] and his family. H.H. Kung's wife was [[Soong Ai-ling]], the sister of [[Soong Mei-ling]] who was Ching-kuo's stepmother. H.H. Kung's son David was arrested, the Kung's responded by blackmailing the Chiang's, threatening to release information about them, eventually he was freed after negotiations, and Ching-kuo resigned, ending the terror on the Shanghainese merchants.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=486}}

The KMT also promotes [[government-owned corporation]]s. KMT founder Sun Yat-sen, was heavily influenced by the economic ideas of Henry George, who believed that the rents extracted from [[natural monopoly|natural monopolies]] or the usage of land belonged to the public. Sun argued for Georgism and emphasized the importance of a mixed economy, which he termed "The Principle of Minsheng" in his Three Principles of the People.

"The railroads, public utilities, canals, and forests should be nationalized, and all income from the land and mines should be in the hands of the State. With this money in hand, the State can therefore finance the social welfare programs."<ref>Simei Qing "From Allies to Enemies," 19</ref>

The KMT Muslim Governor of [[Ningxia]], [[Ma Hongkui]], promoted state-owned monopolies. His government had a company, Fu Ning Company, which had a monopoly over commerce and industry in Ningxia.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=A. Doak |author-last1=Barnett|title=China on the Eve of Communist Takeover|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kt0gAAAAIAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1968|publisher=Praeger|page=190|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205042025/https://books.google.com/books?id=kt0gAAAAIAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Corporations such as [[CSBC Corporation, Taiwan]], [[CPC Corporation]] and [[Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation]] are owned by the state in the Republic of China.

[[Marxist]]s also existed in the KMT. They viewed revolution in different terms than the CCP, claiming that China already went past its feudal stage and was in a stagnation period rather than in another mode of production. These Marxists in the KMT opposed the CCP ideology.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=T. J. |author-last1=Byres, Harbans Mukhia|author-first2=Harbans |author-last2=Mukhia|title=Feudalism and non-European Societies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=usOMZjTWrJ0C&pg=PA207|access-date=28 November 2010|year=1985|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7146-3245-2|page=207|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205081542/https://books.google.com/books?id=usOMZjTWrJ0C&pg=PA207|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Left Kuomintang who disagreed with [[Chiang Kai-shek]] formed the [[Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang]] when the KMT was on the edge of defeat in the civil war and later joined the government of the CCP.

=== Confucianism and religion in its ideology ===
[[File:NRA Generals Northern Expedition.jpg|thumb|From left to right, KMT members pay tribute to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Beijing in 1928 after the success of the Northern Expedition: Generals Cheng Jin, [[Zhang Zuobao]], [[Chen Diaoyuan]], [[Chiang Kai-shek]], [[Woo Tsin-hang]], [[Yan Xishan]], General [[Ma Fuxiang]], [[Ma Sida]] and General [[Bai Chongxi]]]]
The KMT used traditional Chinese religious ceremonies. According to the KMT, the souls of party martyrs were sent to heaven. Chiang Kai-shek believed that these martyrs still witnessed events on Earth.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jieru Chen, Lloyd E. Eastman|author2=Lloyd E. Eastman |title=Chiang Kai-shek's Secret Past: The Memoir of His Second Wife, Chʻen Chieh-ju|url=https://archive.org/details/chiangkaisheksse00chen|url-access=registration|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1993|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-1825-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/chiangkaisheksse00chen/page/236 236] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Hans J. |author-last1=Van de Ven|title=War and Nationalism in China, 1925–1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tx5H_DC5V-MC&pg=PA100|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2003|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-14571-8|page=100|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205083832/https://books.google.com/books?id=tx5H_DC5V-MC&pg=PA100|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Linda |author-last1=Chao |author-first2=Ramon H. |author-last2=Myers|title=The First Chinese Democracy: Political Life in the Republic of China on Taiwan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSS4AAAAIAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1998|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5650-1|page=45|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205043822/https://books.google.com/books?id=LSS4AAAAIAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Kai-shek |author-last1=Chiang|title=President Chiang Kai-shek's Selected Speeches and Messages, 1937–1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVNwAAAAMAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1946|publisher=China Cultural Service|page=137|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205084741/https://books.google.com/books?id=TVNwAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The KMT backed the New Life Movement, which promoted Confucianism, and it was also against westernization. KMT leaders also opposed the [[May Fourth Movement]]. Chiang Kai-shek, as a nationalist, and Confucianist, was against the iconoclasm of the May Fourth Movement. He viewed some western ideas as foreign, as a Chinese nationalist, and that the introduction of western ideas and literature that the May Fourth Movement wanted was not welcome. He and [[Sun Yat-sen]] criticized these May Fourth intellectuals for corrupting morals of youth.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Joseph T. |author-last1=Chen|title=The May Fourth Movement in Shanghai: The Making of a Social Movement in Modern China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dc4UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA13|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1971|publisher=Brill Archive|page=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205081556/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dc4UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA13|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The KMT also incorporated [[Confucianism]] in its [[jurisprudence]]. It pardoned [[Shi Jianqiao]] for murdering [[Sun Chuanfang]], because she did it in revenge since Sun executed her father Shi Congbin, which was an example of [[filial piety]] to one's parents in Confucianism.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Eugenia |author-last1=Lean|title=Public Passions: The Trial of Shi Jianqiao and the Rise of Popular Sympathy in Republican China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxG188kNRWUC&pg=PA90|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2007|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24718-5|page=148|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205083802/https://books.google.com/books?id=gxG188kNRWUC&pg=PA90|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The KMT encouraged filial revenge killings and extended pardons to those who performed them.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Eugenia|author-last1= Lean|title=Public Passions: The Trial of Shi Jianqiao and the Rise of Popular Sympathy in Republican China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxG188kNRWUC|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2007|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24718-5|page=150|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011112059/http://books.google.com/books?id=gxG188kNRWUC|archive-date=11 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

In response to the [[Cultural Revolution]], Chiang Kai-shek promoted a [[Chinese Cultural Renaissance]] movement which followed in the steps of the New Life Movement, promoting Confucian values.<ref>
{{cite book
| editor1-last  = De Bary
| editor1-first = William Theodore
| editor1-link   = Ted de Bary
| editor2-last  = Lufrano
| editor2-first = Richard John
| title         = Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 Through the Twentieth Century
| url           = https://books.google.com/books?id=g0aAjW8GU7kC
| access-date    = 2011-11-05
| edition   = 2
| series    = Introduction to Asian civilizations
| volume    = 2
| year      = 2001 
| publisher = Columbia University Press
| isbn      = 978-0-231-11271-0
| page      = 342
| quote         = The meaning of Li, Yi, Lian, and Chi[.] [...] ''li'', ''yi'', ''lian'', and ''chi'' have always been regarded as the foundations of the nation [...] they may be interpreted as follows: ''Li'' means 'regulated attitude.' ''Yi'' means 'right conduct.' ''Lian'' means 'clear discrimination.' ''Chi'' means 'real self-consciousness.'
}}</ref>

==== Education ====
The KMT purged China's education system of Western ideas, introducing Confucianism into the curriculum. Education came under the total control of the state, which meant, in effect, the KMT, via the Ministry of Education. Military and political classes on KMT's ''Three Principles of the People'' were added. Textbooks, exams, degrees and educational instructors were all controlled by the state, as were all universities.<ref>{{cite book|author=Werner Draguhn, David S. G. Goodman|author2=David S.G. Goodman|title=China's Communist Revolutions: Fifty Years of the People's Republic of China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Caknr1VAqMC|access-date=9 April 2011|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7007-1630-2|page=39|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205143203/https://books.google.com/books?id=0Caknr1VAqMC|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Soviet-style military ===
Chiang Ching-kuo, appointed as KMT director of Secret Police in 1950, was educated in the Soviet Union, and initiated Soviet style military organization in the [[Republic of China Armed Forces]], reorganizing and Sovietizing the political officer corps, surveillance, and KMT activities were propagated throughout the whole of the armed forces. Opposed to this was [[Sun Li-jen]], who was educated at the American [[Virginia Military Institute]].<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Jay |author-last1=Taylor|title=The Generalissimo's Son: Chiang Ching-kuo and the Revolutions in China and Taiwan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5R2fnVZXiwC&pg=PA195|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2000|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-00287-6|page=195|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205103039/https://books.google.com/books?id=_5R2fnVZXiwC&pg=PA195|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Chiang Ching-kuo then arrested Sun Li-jen, charging him of conspiring with the American [[CIA]] of plotting to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT, Sun was placed under house arrest in 1955.<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter R. Moody|title=Opposition and Dissent in Contemporary China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AW9yrtekFRkC&pg=PA302|access-date=30 November 2010|year=1977|publisher=Hoover Press|isbn=978-0-8179-6771-0|page=302|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205143937/https://books.google.com/books?id=AW9yrtekFRkC&pg=PA302|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/patternsindustch00tuck|url-access=registration|title=Patterns in the dust: Chinese–American Relations and the Recognition Controversy, 1949–1950|author=Nancy Bernkopf Tucker|year=1983|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/patternsindustch00tuck/page/181 181]|isbn=0-231-05362-2|access-date=28 June 2010|author-link=Nancy Bernkopf Tucker}}</ref>

=== Anti-communism ===
{{See also|Anti-communism in China#Republic of China (1925–1949)}}
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the KMT—then under the leadership of [[Chiang Kai-shek]]—established [[One-party state|one-party control]] over the Republic of China (ROC) after the end of the [[First United Front]]: a period of alliance between the KMT and Communist Party. Between this point and the start of the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], the KMT under Chiang promoted a policy of strong ideological and military opposition to the Chinese Communist Party, the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]] (a predecessor polity to the PRC) and its [[COMINTERN]] supporters (i.e. the [[Soviet Union]]). On 12 April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek violently purged the communists in what was known as the [[Shanghai massacre]], which instigated the [[Chinese Civil War]].<ref>Wilbur, Nationalist Revolution 114</ref> The Chinese Nationalist government then led five military campaigns in an attempt to wipe out Chinese Soviet Republic. Initially, the Kuomintang was successful, eventually forcing the CCP to retreat into the Chinese interior during the ''[[Long March]]'', though this was interrupted by the Second Sino-Japanese War, which forced both the Nationalists and the Communists into another alliance: the [[Second United Front]]. After the war, the two parties were thrown back into a civil war. The Kuomintang were defeated in the mainland and escaped in exile to Taiwan while the rest of [[Proclamation of the People's Republic of China|mainland China became Communist in 1949]].

=== Policy on ethnic minorities ===
{{further|List of ethnic groups in China|Zhonghua minzu|Xinjiang conflict}}
Former KMT leader Chiang Kai-shek considered all the minority peoples of China as descendants of the [[Yellow Emperor]], the semi-mythical initiator of the Chinese civilization. Chiang considered all ethnic minorities in China to belong to the ''[[Zhonghua minzu]]'' (Chinese nation) and he introduced this into KMT ideology, which was propagated into the educational system of the Republic of China, and the Constitution of the ROC considered Chiang's ideology to be true.<ref>{{cite book|author-first=Murray A. |author-last=Rubinstein|title=The Other Taiwan: 1945 to the present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YujNjFgTuGMC&pg=PA416|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1994|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-1-56324-193-2|page=416|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205041927/https://books.google.com/books?id=YujNjFgTuGMC&pg=PA416|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first=James A. |author-last=Millward|title=Eurasian crossroads: a history of Xinjiang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA208|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-13924-3|page=208|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109033724/https://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA208|archive-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Paul Hibbert |author-last1=Clyde|author-first2=Burton F. |author-last2=Beers|title=The Far East: a history of the Western impact and the Eastern response (1830–1970)|url=https://archive.org/details/fareasthistoryof0000clyd|url-access=registration|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1971|publisher=Prentice-Hall|page=[https://archive.org/details/fareasthistoryof0000clyd/page/409 409]|isbn=978-0-13-302976-5 }}</ref> In Taiwan, the president performs a ritual honoring the Yellow Emperor, while facing west, in the direction of the Chinese mainland.<ref>{{cite book|author=Cheong Ching|title=Will Taiwan break away: the rise of Taiwanese nationalism|url=https://archive.org/details/willtaiwanbreaka0000chin|url-access=registration|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2001|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-02-4486-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/willtaiwanbreaka0000chin/page/188 188]}}</ref>

The KMT retained the [[Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission]] for dealing with Mongolian and Tibetan affairs. A Muslim, Ma Fuxiang, was appointed as its chairman.{{Sfn|Lipman|2004|p=266}}

The KMT was known for sponsoring Muslim students to study abroad at Muslim universities like [[Al-Azhar University]] and it established schools especially for Muslims, Muslim KMT warlords like Ma Fuxiang promoted education for Muslims.<ref name="Masumi">{{cite web|url=http://science-islam.net/article.php3?id_article=676&lang=fr |title=The Completion of the Idea of Dual Loyalty towards China and Islam |last=Masumi |first=Matsumoto |access-date=28 June 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724054724/http://science-islam.net/article.php3?id_article=676&lang=fr |archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> KMT Muslim Warlord [[Ma Bufang]] built a girls' school for Muslim girls in [[Linxia City]] which taught modern secular education.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Maria |author-last1=Jaschok|author-first2=Jingjun |author-last2=Shui|title=The History of Women's Mosques in Chinese Islam: A Mosque of Their Own|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jV9_YvgUmpsC&pg=PA96|access-date=29 June 2010|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7007-1302-8|page=361|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728100745/http://books.google.com/books?id=jV9_YvgUmpsC&pg=PA96|archive-date=28 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tibetans and Mongols refused to allow other ethnic groups like [[Kazakhs]] to participate in the Kokonur ceremony in Qinghai, but KMT Muslim General [[Ma Bufang]] allowed them to participate.{{Sfn|Bulag|2002|p=273}}

Chinese Muslims were among the most hardline KMT members. [[Ma Chengxiang]] was a Muslim KMT member, and he refused to surrender to the Communists.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Jeremy |author-last1=Brown|author-first2=Paul |author-last2=Pickowicz|title=Dilemmas of Victory: The Early years of the People's Republic of China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SK7Jdfnf9RIC&pg=PA192|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2007|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-02616-2|page=462|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205025333/https://books.google.com/books?id=SK7Jdfnf9RIC&pg=PA192|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first1=David D. |author-last1=Wang|title=Under the Soviet Shadow: The Yining Incident: Ethnic Conflicts and International Rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944–1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XeBxAAAAMAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1999|publisher=The Chinese University Press|location=Hong Kong|isbn=978-962-201-831-0|page=577|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704172901/http://books.google.com/books?id=XeBxAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=4 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

The KMT incited anti-[[Yan Xishan]] and [[Feng Yuxiang]] sentiments among [[Hui people]] and Mongols, encouraging for them to topple their rule during the Central Plains War.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Hsiao-ting |author-last1=Lin|title=Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLQdBUgyMUC|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2010|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-58264-3|page=22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205103201/https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLQdBUgyMUC|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Masud Sabri]], a Uyghur was appointed as Governor of [[Xinjiang]] by the KMT, as was the [[Tatars|Tatar]] [[Burhan Shahidi]] and the Uyghur [[Yulbars Khan]].<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Andrew D. W. |author-last1=Forbes|title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang, 1911–1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1986|publisher=CUP Archive|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=978-0-521-25514-1|page=376|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704173905/http://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ|archive-date=4 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Muslim General Ma Bufang also put KMT symbols on his mansion, the [[Ma Bufang Mansion]] along with a portrait of party founder Sun Yat-sen arranged with the KMT flag and the Republic of China flag.

General Ma Bufang and other high ranking Muslim Generals attended the [[Kokonuur Lake]] Ceremony where the God of the Lake was worshipped, and during the ritual, the Chinese national anthem was sung, all participants bowed to a Portrait of KMT founder Sun Yat-sen, and the God of the Lake was also bowed to, and offerings were given to him by the participants, which included the Muslims.{{Sfn|Bulag|2002|p=51}} This cult of personality around the KMT leader and the KMT was standard in all meetings. Sun Yat-sen's portrait was bowed to three times by KMT party members.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=325}} Sun's portrait was arranged with two flags crossed under, the [[Blue Sky with a White Sun|KMT flag]] and the [[flag of the Republic of China]].

The KMT also hosted conferences of important Muslims like Bai Chongxi, Ma Fuxiang, and Ma Liang. Ma Bufang stressed "racial harmony" as a goal when he was Governor of Qinghai.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nihon Gaiji Kyōkai|title=Chiang Contemporary Japan: A Review of Japanese affairs, Volume 11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K0nVAAAAMAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1942|publisher=The Foreign Affairs Association of Japan|page=1626|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205024059/https://books.google.com/books?id=K0nVAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1939, [[Isa Yusuf Alptekin]] and Ma Fuliang were sent on a mission by the KMT to the Middle Eastern countries such as [[Egypt]], [[Turkey]] and [[Syria]] to gain support for the [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Chinese War against Japan]], they also visited Afghanistan in 1940 and contacted [[Muhammad Amin Bughra]], they asked him to come to [[Chongqing]], the capital of the Nationalist Government. Bughra was arrested by the British government in 1942 for spying, and the KMT arranged for Bughra's release. He and Isa Yusuf worked as editors of KMT Muslim publications.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Hsiao-ting |author-last1=Lin|title=Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLQdBUgyMUC|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2010|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-58264-3|page=90|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205103201/https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLQdBUgyMUC|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ma Tianying ({{lang|zh-hant|馬天英}}) (1900–1982) led the 1939 mission which had 5 other people including Isa and Fuliang.<ref>{{cite book|author=Aliya Ma Lynn|title=Muslims in China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4Lp8tgr3esC&pg=PA27|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2007|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-0-88093-861-7|page=45|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205143128/https://books.google.com/books?id=s4Lp8tgr3esC&pg=PA27|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Anti-separatism ===
[[File:Republic of China Administrative Subdivisions.svg|thumb|The claimed sovereign borders of the Republic of China, as inherited from the Great Qing in 1912 and claimed by the Kuomintang.]]
The KMT, being anti-separatist, claims sovereignty over [[Outer Mongolia]] and [[Tuva]] as well as the territories of the modern People's Republic and Republic of China.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320|title= Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview|date= 8 October 2008|access-date= 26 May 2020|archive-date= 25 May 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200525131807/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320|url-status= live|website=Taipei Times|author-last1=Ko|author-first1=Shu-Ling}}</ref>

KMT Muslim General Ma Bufang waged war on the invading Tibetans during the [[Sino-Tibetan War of 1930–1932|Sino-Tibetan War]] with his Muslim army, and he repeatedly crushed Tibetan revolts during bloody battles in Qinghai provinces. Ma Bufang was fully supported by President Chiang Kai-shek, who ordered him to prepare his Muslim army to invade Tibet several times and threatened aerial bombardment on the Tibetans. With support from the KMT, Ma Bufang repeatedly attacked the Tibetan area of [[Golog]] seven times during the [[Golok conflicts (1917–1949)|KMT Pacification of Qinghai]], eliminating thousands of Tibetans.{{Sfn|Bulag|2002|p=273}}

General [[Ma Fuxiang]], the chairman of the [[Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission]] stated that Mongolia and Tibet were an integral part of the Republic of China, arguing:
<blockquote>Our Party [the Guomindang] takes the development of the weak and small and resistance to the strong and violent as our sole and most urgent task. This is even more true for those groups which are not of our kind [Ch. fei wo zulei zhe]. Now the people of Mongolia and Tibet are closely related to us, and we have great affection for one another: our common existence and common honor already have a history of over a thousand years. [...] Mongolia and Tibet's life and death are China's life and death. China absolutely cannot cause Mongolia and Tibet to break away from China's territory, and Mongolia and Tibet cannot reject China to become independent. At this time, there is not a single nation on earth except China that will sincerely develop Mongolia and Tibet.{{Sfn|Lipman|2004|p=266}}</blockquote>

Ma Bufang also crushed Mongol separatist movements, abducting the Genghis Khan Shrine and attacking Tibetan Buddhist Temples like Labrang, and keeping a tight control over them through the Kokonur God ceremony.{{Sfn|Bulag|2002|p=51}}<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Paul Kocot|author-last1=Nietupski|title=Labrang: a Tibetan Buddhist Monastery at the Crossroads of Four Civilizations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGvECiS-uEgC&pg=PA35|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1999|publisher=Snow Lion Publications|isbn=978-1-55939-090-3|page=35|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205084013/https://books.google.com/books?id=xGvECiS-uEgC&pg=PA35|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Ideology in Taiwan ==
=== Anti-communism ===
{{See also|Anti-communism in China#Taiwan (Republic of China, 1949–present)}}
On 28 February 1947, the Kuomintang cracked down on an anti-government uprising in Taiwan known as the [[February 28 incident]] and the government began the [[White Terror (Taiwan)|White Terror in Taiwan]] in order to purge communist spies and prevent Chinese communist subversion.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rubinstein|first=Murray A.|title=Taiwan: A New History|publisher=M. E. Sharpe|year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7656-1495-7|location=Armonk, N.Y.|page=302}}</ref> While in Taiwan, the Republic of China government under the Kuomintang remained anti-communist and attempted to [[Project National Glory|recover the mainland from the Communist forces]]. During the [[Cold War]], [[Republic of China in Taiwan|Taiwan]] was referred to as [[Free area of the Republic of China|Free China]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Walker |first=Richard L.|title=Taiwan's Development as Free China |journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |volume=321 |date=1959 |pages=122–135 |publisher=Sage Publications, Inc |doi=10.1177/000271625932100114 |jstor=1030986 }}</ref> while the China on the mainland was known as Red China<ref>{{cite magazine|title=RED CHINA: The Third Solution|magazine=Times Magazine|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,866201,00.html|access-date=2021-05-09|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905181822/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,866201,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> or Communist China in the West, to mark the ideological difference between the capitalist '[[Free World]]' and the communist nations. The ROC government under the Kuomintang also actively supported anti-communist efforts in Southeast Asia and around the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taiwan's Cold War in Southeast Asia |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/taiwans-cold-war-southeast-asia |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.wilsoncenter.org |date=7 April 2016 |archive-date=21 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721163834/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/taiwans-cold-war-southeast-asia |url-status=live }}</ref> This effort did not cease until the death of Chiang Kai-shek in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cheung|first1=Han|date=17 November 2019|title=Taiwan in Time: Spies, guerillas and the final counterattack|work=Taipei Times|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2019/11/17/2003725988/2|access-date=19 November 2019|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221234557/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2019/11/17/2003725988/2|url-status=live}}</ref> The Kuomintang continued to be anti-communist during the period of Chiang Ching-kuo. Contacts between Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party have started since 1990s to re-establish [[Cross-Strait relations]]. Although relations has improved with the PRC since the [[1992 Consensus]],<ref name=":0" /> with both sides having a common opposition to [[Taiwanese nationalism]],<ref name="Taiwan's new Kuomintang leader keeps party on China-friendly track">{{cite web |last1=Hale |first1=Erin |date=2021-09-28 |title=Taiwan's new Kuomintang leader keeps party on China-friendly track |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Taiwan-s-new-Kuomintang-leader-keeps-party-on-China-friendly-track |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712212058/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Taiwan-s-new-Kuomintang-leader-keeps-party-on-China-friendly-track |archive-date=12 July 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=Nikkei Asia}}</ref> it continues to be opposed to [[communism]], as anti-communism is written under Article 2 of Kuomintang's party charter.<ref name=":0" />

=== Three Principles of the People ===
{{main|Three Principles of the People}}

Sun Yat-sen was not just the founder of the Republic of China, but also the founder of the Kuomintang. Sun Yat-sen's political ideology was based on building a free and democratic China founded on [[Three Principles of the People]], namely Chinese nationalism, democracy, and people's economic livelihood. Although the Kuomintang lost control over mainland China in 1949, the Republic of China under Kuomintang rule was able to achieve the political ideal of a democratic Republic of China on the island of Taiwan based on the Three Principles of the People after its retreat to Taiwan.<ref name="KMT-Britannica-Wright">{{cite web |script-title=zh:政策綱領 |url=http://www.kmt.org.tw/p/blog-page_3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513013915/http://www.kmt.org.tw/p/blog-page_3.html |archive-date=13 May 2019 |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=KMT}}

* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Three Principles of the People |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Three-Principles-of-the-People |access-date=10 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026163157/https://www.britannica.com/event/Three-Principles-of-the-People |archive-date=26 October 2016 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Wright |first=Mary C. |title=From Revolution to Restoration: The Transformation of Kuomintang Ideology |publisher=[[Association for Asian Studies]] |year=1955 |pages=515–532 |author-link=Mary C. Wright}}
* {{cite web |last=Zarrow |first=Peter |date=2021-07-01 |title=The Chinese Communist Party Has Followed Sun Yat-sen's Road Map |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/07/01/chinese-communist-party-ccp-sun-yat-sen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160658/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/07/01/chinese-communist-party-ccp-sun-yat-sen/ |archive-date=25 October 2021 |access-date=2021-10-25 |website=Foreign Policy}}
* Post, Louis Freeland (April 12, 1912). "Sun Yat Sen's Economic Program for China". The Public. 15: 349. Retrieved 8 November 2016.</ref> The Three Principles of the People is not just written in the [[Constitution of the Republic of China|ROC Constitution]], but also in Article 1, 5, 7, 9, 37, 42, 43 of Kuomintang's party charter.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Party Charter |url=http://www1.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=para&mnum=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206204127/http://www.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=para&mnum=109 |archive-date=6 February 2013 |access-date=6 September 2021 |publisher=Kuomintang}}</ref>

=== Chinese democracy ===
The Kuomintang advocates a free and democratic China under the Republic of China founded on Three Principles of the People. In fact, during the 1980s, [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] advocated [[Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People]]. Since then, a democracy promotion banner for Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People continues to exist in [[Kinmen]] today as a display to mainland China that the Republic of China's unification principle should be based on Chinese democracy. Today, the Kuomintang continues to view the Republic of China as the free, democratic and legitimate China.

=== Cross-Strait relations ===
{{See also|Relations between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party}}
A [[Chinese nationalism|Chinese nationalist]] party,{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=504}}{{Sfn|Lipman|2004|p=266}} the Kuomintang strongly adheres to the defense of the Republic of China and upholding the Constitution of the Republic of China. It is strongly opposed to formal [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwanese independence]] and holds that the ROC is the sole legitimate representative of all of China. It favors a closer relationship with the PRC and the CCP,<ref name="Taiwan's new Kuomintang leader keeps party on China-friendly track" /> though it also opposes [[Chinese unification]] under the "[[One country, two systems]]" framework of the PRC.<ref>{{cite web |author=Samson Ellis and Adrian Kennedy |date=4 July 2022 |title=Xi's suppression of Hong Kong democracy pushes Taiwan further from China |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/07/04/asia-pacific/xi-suppression-hong-kong-taiwan/ |access-date=18 October 2023 |work=[[The Japan Times]] |quote=For Taiwan though, the proposal has never been an option. Even the Kuomintang — a vestige of the losing side in China’s civil war and the main force backing eventual unification with the mainland, has rejected the model |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117070011/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/07/04/asia-pacific/xi-suppression-hong-kong-taiwan/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal |author=Ivan Kanapathy |author-link=Ivan Kanapathy |date=17 June 2022 |title=The Collapse of One China |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/collapse-one-china |access-date=18 October 2023 |journal=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies|CSIS]] |quote=Hong Kong’s hastening loss of autonomy and civil liberties since then has only sharpened these sentiments in Taiwan... Thus, the KMT faces a dilemma. A significant and growing majority of Taiwanese people do not want political union with the mainland—certainly not if imposed on them. Following its 2020 electoral defeat, the KMT rejected the One Country Two Systems framework but continues to assert the 1992 Consensus |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106145547/https://www.csis.org/analysis/collapse-one-china |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Micah McCartney |date=15 August 2022 |title=Taiwan's KMT: Between a Rock and a Hard Place |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/08/taiwans-kmt-between-a-rock-and-a-hard-place/ |access-date=18 October 2023 |work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |quote=On August 10, a white paper published by China’s Taiwan Affairs Office, the first such document released on Xi Jinping’s watch, confirmed that “One Country, Two Systems” is fundamental to Beijing’s vision of unification with Taiwan. This is makes a rapprochement with a KMT, or indeed any Taiwanese administration, more difficult to achieve given how “One Country, Two Systems” played out in Hong Kong. Even pro-China former President [[Ma Ying-jeou|Ma]] has declared the framework “dead”. |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117070010/https://thediplomat.com/2022/08/taiwans-kmt-between-a-rock-and-a-hard-place/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It opposes any non-peaceful means to resolve the [[Cross-Strait relations|cross-strait disputes]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Brian Hioe |date=11 May 2023 |title=Hou You-yi Emphasizes Opposition to Both "One Country, two systems", Taiwaneses independence |url=https://newbloommag.net/2023/05/11/hou-you-yi-cross-strait-stance/ |access-date=18 October 2023 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117070010/https://newbloommag.net/2023/05/11/hou-you-yi-cross-strait-stance/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The party also accepts the [[1992 Consensus]], which defines both sides of the [[Taiwan Strait]] as "[[one China]]" but maintains its ambiguity to different interpretations.<ref name=":1" /> Although the KMT's long-term goal is to unify China under the ROC, the party advocates maintaining the status quo of Taiwan.

=== Chinese conservatism ===
{{Conservatism in Taiwan}}
In modern Taiwanese politics, the Kuomintang is seen as a [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]]<ref name="Qi-Shim" /> to [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]]<ref name="Fell-Rigger-Ogasawara" /> political party. The Kuomintang believes in the values associated with [[Conservatism in Taiwan|conservatism]].<ref>{{cite web |date=17 August 2019 |title=It's Not Techno-Angst That's Driving East Asia to Abandon Nuclear Power |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/17/nuclear-power-japan-south-korea-japan-fukushima-disaster/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717003302/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/17/nuclear-power-japan-south-korea-japan-fukushima-disaster/ |archive-date=17 July 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020 |publisher=[[Foreign Policy]] |quote=In Taiwan, the conservative Kuomintang’s aging demographic base and support for closer ties with mainland China now appears out of touch with a younger electorate increasingly distrustful of China and hostile to reunification.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y8zdiN_Z1x0C&pg=PA65 |title=Climate Affairs: A Primer |publisher=[[Island Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-59726-941-4 |editor-last=Glantz |editor-first=Mickey |page=65 |id=y8zdiN_Z1x0C&pg=PA65 |access-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804023612/https://books.google.com/books |archive-date=4 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Kuomintang has a strong tradition of defending the established institutions of the Republic of China, such as defending Constitution of the Republic of China, defending the five branches of government (modeled on Sun Yat-sen's political philosophy of Three Principles of the People), espousing the [[One-China policy]] as a vital component for the Republic of China (ROC)'s international security and economic development, as opposed to [[Taiwanization]]. The Kuomintang claims to have a strong tradition of fighting to defend, preserve and revive traditional Chinese culture and religious freedom as well as advocating for Confucian values, [[economic liberalism]] and [[anti-communism]]. The KMT still sees the [[Republic of China]] in Taiwan as presenting the true cultural China which has preserved Chinese culture, as compared to the People's Republic of China which had experienced Chinese cultural destruction during the [[Cultural Revolution]].

Some Kuomintang conservatives see traditional social or [[family values]] as being threatened by [[Liberalism|liberal values]] and oppose [[same-sex marriage]],<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Marriage Equality in Taiwan Hinges on Politics – In past electoral politics, marriage equality was seldom a dominant issue, but the landscape is shifting and some barriers to equality remain in place |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/06/marriage-equality-in-taiwan-hinges-on-politics/ |magazine=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |first=Zoe |last=Leung |date=23 June 2021 |access-date=11 October 2024 |location=Washington, D.C., United States}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Gay marriage proposal set for review |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/06/marriage-equality-in-taiwan-hinges-on-politics/ |newspaper=[[Taipei Times]] |first=Lii |last=Wen |date=21 December 2014 |access-date=11 October 2024}}</ref> but some KMT members of the [[Legislative Yuan]], including [[Chiang Wan-an]], [[Ko Chih-en]], [[Chen Yi-min]] and [[Hsu Shu-hua]], voted in favor of the [[LGBTQ rights in Taiwan#Approval by the Legislative Yuan|No. 748 Same-Sex Marriage Case]], in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20190517/1447092.htm |title=伴侶盟公布66位挺同立委 臉書號召電話謝票 |work=
{{ill|ETtoday News Cloud|zh|ETtoday新聞雲}} |date=17 May 2019 |access-date=10 June 2025 |language=zh-tw |quote=此外，國民黨籍立委有7位，分別是蔣萬安、李彥秀、柯志恩、陳宜民、林奕華、許毓仁、許淑華；時代力量立委有5位，分別為林昶佐、黃國昌、洪慈庸、高潞．以用．巴魕剌、徐永明；三黨加起來一共有66位立委贊同。}}</ref> Many KMT politicians are also typically against the abolition of capital punishment, arguing the need to maintain deterrence against harsh crimes.<ref>{{Cite news |title=KMT slams new limitations on Taiwan death penalty |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/news/5942075 |work=[[Taiwan News]] |first=Jono |last=Thomson |date=25 September 2024 |access-date=11 October 2024 |location=Taipei City}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=KMT lawmakers criticize death penalty court ruling |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202409260026 |last1=Fan |first1=Chen-hsiang |last2=Wang |first2=Yang-yu |last3=Kay |first3=Liu |agency=Central News Agency (Taiwan) |via=[[Focus Taiwan]] |date=26 September 2024 |access-date=11 October 2024 |location=Taipei City}}</ref>

Conservative KMT policies may also be characterized by a focus on maintaining the traditions and doctrine of [[Confucian]] thought, namely reinforcing the morals of [[paternalism]] and [[patriarchy]] in Taiwan's society,{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} but the KMT has a more [[Cultural liberalism|liberal]] stance on [[women's rights]] and [[gender equality]] compared to mainstream conservatives in other [[advanced countries]] in [[East Asia]], such as Japan's [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/publication/mind-the-gap-comparing-gender-politics-in-japan-and-taiwan|title=Mind the Gap! Comparing Gender Politics in Japan and Taiwan|last=Shim|first=Jaemin|publisher=[[German Institute for Global and Area Studies]]|journal=GIGA Focus {{!}} Asia |year=2018|issue=5|access-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226021639/https://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/publication/mind-the-gap-comparing-gender-politics-in-japan-and-taiwan|archive-date=26 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In terms of education policy, KMT policies advocate increasing more Classical Chinese content in Chinese education and Chinese history content in order to reinforce Chinese cultural identity, as opposed to de-sinicization attempts by advocates of Taiwan independence who typically decrease Classical Chinese and Chinese history content in schools in order to achieve [[Taiwanization]]. The party also support [[transnational marriage]]s between mainland Chinese and Taiwanese in an attempt to preserve Chinese culture in Taiwan, although not without controversies over assimilation and [[espionage]].<ref name="taipeitimes.com"/>

== Parties affiliated with the Kuomintang ==
=== Malaysian Chinese Association ===
[[File:Flag of the Malaysian Chinese Association.svg|thumb|[[Malaysian Chinese Association]]]]
The [[Malaysian Chinese Association]] (MCA) was initially pro-ROC and mainly consisted of KMT members who joined as an alternative and were also in opposition to the [[Malayan Communist Party]], supporting the KMT in China by funding them with the intention of reclaiming the Chinese mainland from the communists.<ref name="Ching Fatt Yong, R. B. McKenna">{{cite book|author=Ching Fatt Yong|author2=R. B. McKenna|title=The Kuomintang Movement in British Malaya, 1912–1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQkDmsTWnbIC&pg=PA1|year=1990|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-137-0|page=1|access-date=24 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205021357/https://books.google.com/books?id=jQkDmsTWnbIC&pg=PA1|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Tibet Improvement Party ===
{{main|Tibet Improvement Party}}

The [[Tibet Improvement Party]] was founded by [[Pandatsang Rapga]], a pro-ROC and pro-KMT [[Kham]]pa revolutionary, who worked against the [[14th Dalai Lama]]'s Tibetan Government in [[Lhasa (prefecture-level city)|Lhasa]]. Rapga borrowed Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People doctrine and translated his political theories into the Tibetan language, hailing it as the best hope for Asian peoples against imperialism. Rapga stated that "the Sanmin Zhuyi was intended for all peoples under the domination of foreigners, for all those who had been deprived of the rights of man. But it was conceived especially for the Asians. It is for this reason that I translated it. At that time, a lot of new ideas were spreading in Tibet," during an interview in 1975 by Heather Stoddard.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gray Tuttle |title=Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KlOEi9C4T3QC&pg=PA152|access-date=27 December 2011|edition=illustrated|year=2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-13447-7|page=152|url-status=live|archive-date=4 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104141628/http://books.google.com/books?id=KlOEi9C4T3QC&pg=PA152}}</ref> He wanted to destroy the feudal government in Lhasa, in addition to modernizing and secularizing Tibetan society. The ultimate goal of the party was the overthrow of the Dalai Lama's regime, and the creation of a Tibetan Republic which would be an [[autonomous Republic]] within the ROC.<ref>{{cite book|author=Melvyn C. Goldstein|title=A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951: The Demise of the Lamaist state|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Upwq0I-wm7YC&pg=PA450|access-date=27 December 2011|volume=1 |year=1991|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-07590-0|page=450|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104143003/http://books.google.com/books?id=Upwq0I-wm7YC&pg=PA450|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT funded the party and their efforts to build an army to battle the Dalai Lama's government.<ref>{{cite book|author1-link=Lin Hsiao-ting|author=Hsiao-ting Lin|title=Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLQdBUgyMUC&pg=PA95|access-date=27 December 2011|volume=67 |series=Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia|year=2010|publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-58264-3|page=95 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610194850/https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLQdBUgyMUC&pg=PA95|archive-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The KMT was extensively involved in the Kham region, recruiting the Khampa people to both oppose the Dalai Lama's Tibetan government, fight the Communist Red Army, and crush the influence of local Chinese warlords who did not obey the central government.

=== Vietnamese Nationalist Party ===
{{main|Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng}}

[[File:Flag of VNQDD.svg|thumb|[[Vietnamese Kuomintang]]]]
[[File:Flag of the People's Action Party of Vietnam.svg|thumb|[[People's Action Party of Vietnam]]]]
The KMT assisted the [[Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng]] party which translates literally into Chinese ({{lang|zh-hant|越南國民黨}}; {{lang-zh|labels=no|p=Yuènán Guómíndǎng}}) as the Vietnamese Nationalist Party.{{Sfn|FitzGerald|1972|p=238}} When it was established, it was based on the Chinese KMT and was pro-Chinese.<ref>{{cite book|author=Archimedes L. A. Patti|title=Why Viet Nam?: Prelude to America's Albatross|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbFx8OhYSjcC&pg=PA532|access-date=30 November 2010|year=1980|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04156-1|page=530|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205074701/https://books.google.com/books?id=xbFx8OhYSjcC&pg=PA532|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Keat Gin Ooi|title=Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA37|access-date=30 November 2010|year=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-770-2|page=37|editor=Keat Gin Ooi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205032541/https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA37|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Chinese KMT helped the party, known as the VNQDD, set up headquarters in Canton and Yunnan, to aid their anti-imperialist struggle against the French occupiers of [[Mainland Southeast Asia|Indochina]] and against the [[Vietnamese Communist Party]]. It was the first revolutionary nationalist party to be established in Vietnam, before the communist party. The KMT assisted VNQDD with funds and military training.

The VNQDD was founded with KMT aid in 1925, in opposition to [[Ho Chi Minh]]'s [[Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League|Viet Nam Revolutionary Youth League]].<ref name="Archimedes%2525252520L%252525252E%2525252520A%252525252E%2525252520Patti%25252525201980%2525252520532">{{cite book|author=Archimedes L. A. Patti|title=Why Viet Nam?: Prelude to America's Albatross|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbFx8OhYSjcC&pg=PA532|access-date=30 November 2010|year=1980|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04156-1|page=532|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205074701/https://books.google.com/books?id=xbFx8OhYSjcC&pg=PA532|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> When the VNQDD fled to China after the failed uprising against the French, they settled in Yunnan and Canton, in two different branches.<ref name="Ellen%2525252520J%252525252E%2525252520Hammer%25252525201955%252525252084">{{cite book|author=Ellen J. Hammer|title=Struggle for Indochina, 1940–1955|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZeaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA84|access-date=30 November 2010|orig-year=1955|year=1966|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-0458-8|page=84|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205031951/https://books.google.com/books?id=GZeaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA84|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Berch Berberoglu|title=The State and Revolution in the Twentieth Century: Major Social Transformations of Our Time|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2d0UDTYyByQC&pg=PA53|access-date=30 November 2010|year=2007|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-3884-9|page=53|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205081040/https://books.google.com/books?id=2d0UDTYyByQC&pg=PA53|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The VNQDD existed as a party in exile in China for 15 years, receiving help, militarily and financially, and organizationally from the Chinese KMT.<ref>{{cite book|author=Britannica Educational Publishing|title=The Korean War and the Vietnam War: People, Politics, and Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvfQpUoH5Z0C&pg=PA98|access-date=30 November 2010|year=2009|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-61530-047-1|page=98|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205042256/https://books.google.com/books?id=EvfQpUoH5Z0C&pg=PA98|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The two VNQDD parties merged into a single organization, the Canton branch removed the word "revolutionary" from the party name. [[Lu Han (general)|Lu Han]], a KMT official in Nanjing, who was originally from Yunnan, was contacted by the VNQDD, and the KMT Central Executive Committee and Military made direct contact with VNQDD for the first time, the party was reestablished in Nanjing with KMT help.<ref name="Archimedes%2525252520L%252525252E%2525252520A%252525252E%2525252520Patti%25252525201980%2525252520532"/>

The Chinese KMT used the VNQDD for its own interests in south China and Indo China. General [[Zhang Fakui]] (Chang Fa-kuei), who based himself in Guangxi, established the Việt Nam Cách mệnh Đồng minh Hội meaning "Viet Nam Revolutionary League" in 1942, which was assisted by the VNQDD to serve the KMT's aims. The Chinese Yunnan provincial army, under the KMT, occupied northern Vietnam after the Japanese surrender in 1945, the VNQDD tagging alone, opposing Ho Chi Minh's communist party.<ref>{{cite book|author=Archimedes L. A. Patti|title=Why Viet Nam?: Prelude to America's Albatross|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbFx8OhYSjcC&pg=PA532|access-date=30 November 2010|year=1980|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04156-1|page=533|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205074701/https://books.google.com/books?id=xbFx8OhYSjcC&pg=PA532|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Viet Nam Revolutionary League was a union of various Vietnamese nationalist groups, run by the pro Chinese VNQDD. Its stated goal was for unity with China under the Three Principles of the People, created by KMT founder Sun and opposition to Japanese and French Imperialists.<ref>{{cite book|author=James P. Harrison|title=The Endless War: Vietnam's Struggle for Independence|url=https://archive.org/details/endlesswarvietna00harr|url-access=registration|access-date=30 November 2010|year=1989|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-06909-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/endlesswarvietna00harr/page/81 81]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Historical Division|title=The History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: History of the Indochina incident, 1940–1954|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uEDfAAAAMAAJ|access-date=30 November 2010|year=1982|publisher=Michael Glazier|page=56|isbn=978-0-89453-287-0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205042117/https://books.google.com/books?id=uEDfAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Revolutionary League was controlled by [[Nguyễn Hải Thần]]. General Zhang shrewdly blocked the Communists of Vietnam, and Ho Chi Minh from entering the league, as his main goal was Chinese influence in Indo China.<ref>{{cite book|author=Oscar Chapuis|title=The Last Emperors of Vietnam: From Tu Duc to Bao Dai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RorGHF0fGIC&pg=PA106|access-date=30 November 2010|year=2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-31170-3|page=106|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205081920/https://books.google.com/books?id=9RorGHF0fGIC&pg=PA106|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The KMT utilized these Vietnamese nationalists during World War II against Japanese forces.<ref>{{cite book|author=William J. Duiker|title=The Rise of Nationalism in Vietnam, 1900–1941|url=https://archive.org/details/riseofnationalis0000duik|url-access=registration|access-date=30 November 2010|year=1976|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-0951-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/riseofnationalis0000duik/page/272 272]}}</ref>

A KMT left-winger, General [[Chang Fa-kuei]], worked with Nguyễn Hải Thần, a VNQDD member, against French Imperialists and Communists in Indo China.<ref name="google61">{{cite book|author=N. Khac Huyen|title=Vision Accomplished?: The Enigma of Ho Chi Minh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-HxuAAAAMAAJ|access-date=30 November 2010|year=1971|publisher=Macmillan|page=61|isbn=978-0-02-073590-8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205042300/https://books.google.com/books?id=-HxuAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> General Chang Fa-kuei planned to lead a Chinese army invasion of [[Tonkin]] in Indochina to free Vietnam from French control, and to get Chiang Kai-shek's support.<ref>{{cite book|author=James Fitzsimmons|title=Lugano Review, Volume 2, Issues 4–6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_RAHAQAAIAAJ|access-date=30 November 2010|year=1975|publisher=J. Fitzsimmons.|page=6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205102951/https://books.google.com/books?id=_RAHAQAAIAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The VNQDD opposed the government of [[Ngo Dinh Diem]] during the Vietnam War.{{Sfn|FitzGerald|1972|p=239}}

The party dissolved after the [[Fall of Saigon]] in 1977 and was later re-founded in 1991 as the [[People's Action Party of Vietnam]] (Đảng Nhân dân Hành động Việt Nam).

=== Ryukyu Guomindang ===
{{See also|Ryukyu independence movement}}
The '''Ryukyu Guomindang''' ({{lang|ja|琉球国民党}}) was established on 30 November 1958. [[Tsugumasa Kiyuna]] headed its predecessor party, the Ryukyuan separatist Ryukyu Revolutionary Party ({{lang|ja|琉球革命党}}) which was backed by the Kuomintang in Taiwan.<ref>{{cite journal |last=石井 |first=明 |date=29 October 2010 |script-title=ja:中国の琉球・沖縄政策 : 琉球・沖縄の帰属問題を中心に |url=http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/61324/1/05Ishii_summary.pdf |journal=Japan Border Review |language=ja |volume=1 |pages=71–96 |doi=10.14943/jbr.1.71  |access-date=8 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011010446/http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/61324/1/05Ishii_summary.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Hong Kong Pro-ROC camp ===
The [[pro-ROC camp]] is a political alignment in Hong Kong. It pledges allegiance to the Republic of China. One of these members, the [[123 Democratic Alliance]], dissolved in 2000 due to the lack of financial support from the Taiwanese government after the [[2000 Taiwanese presidential election|2000 presidential election]].<ref name="Chan">{{cite book|title=Crisis and Transformation in China's Hong Kong|first1=Ming K.|last1=Chan|first2=Alvin Y.|last2=So|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2002|page=142}}</ref>

== Sponsored organizations ==
[[File:TaipeiMosque.JPG|thumb|Taipei Grand Mosque]]
[[Ma Fuxiang]] founded Islamic organizations sponsored by the KMT, including the China Islamic Association ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=中國回教公會}}).{{Sfn|Lipman|2004|p=266}}

KMT Muslim General [[Bai Chongxi]] was Chairman of the Chinese Islamic National Salvation Federation.<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Dillon|title=China's Muslim Hui Community: Migration, Settlement and Sects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hUEswLE4SWUC&pg=PA86|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1999|publisher=Curzon Press|location=Richmond|isbn=978-0-7007-1026-3|page=208|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205035157/https://books.google.com/books?id=hUEswLE4SWUC&pg=PA86|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Muslim Chengda school and Yuehua publication were supported by the Nationalist Government, and they supported the KMT.<ref name="google375">{{cite book|author=Stéphane A. Dudoignon |author2=Hisao Komatsu|author3=Yasushi Kosugi|title=Intellectuals in the Modern Islamic World: Transmission, Transformation, Communication|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJzB6wrz6Q4C&pg=PA135|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2006|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-36835-3|page=375|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205081618/https://books.google.com/books?id=MJzB6wrz6Q4C&pg=PA135|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Chinese Muslim Association]] was also sponsored by the KMT, and it evacuated from the mainland to Taiwan with the party. The Chinese Muslim Association owns the [[Taipei Grand Mosque]] which was built with funds from the KMT.<ref>{{cite news|title=Islam in Taiwan|author=Peter G. Gowing|newspaper=Saudi Aramco World|date=July–August 1970|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197004/islam.in.taiwan.htm|access-date=7 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911170917/https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197004/islam.in.taiwan.htm|archive-date=11 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Yihewani]] (Ikhwan al Muslimun a.k.a. Muslim brotherhood) was the predominant Muslim sect backed by the KMT. Other Muslim sects, like the [[Xidaotang]] were also supported by the KMT. The Chinese Muslim brotherhood became a Chinese nationalist organization and supported KMT rule. Brotherhood Imams like [[Hu Songshan]] ordered Muslims to pray for the Nationalist Government, salute KMT flags during [[Salat|prayer]], and listen to nationalist sermons.

== Election results ==
===Presidential elections===
{|class=wikitable
|-
!Election
!Candidate
!Running mate
!Total votes
!Share of votes
!Outcome
|-
![[1923 Chinese presidential election|1923]]
|[[Sun Yat-sen]]{{efn-ua|Other KMT candidates running in this election are not listed.|name=pres}}
|{{N/A}}
|align=right|33
|align=right|6.9%
|{{No|Defeated}}
|-
![[1948 Chinese presidential election|1948]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Chiang Kai-shek]]{{efn-ua|name=pres}}
|[[Li Zongren]]
|align=right|2,430
|align=right|90.0%
|{{Yes|Elected}}
|-
![[1954 Taiwanese presidential election|1954]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Chen Cheng]]
|align=right|1,507
|align=right|96.9%
|{{Yes|Elected}}
|-
![[1960 Taiwanese presidential election|1960]]
|align=right|1,481
|align=right|100%
|{{Yes|Unopposed}}
|-
![[1966 Taiwanese presidential election|1966]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Yen Chia-kan]]
|align=right|1,481
|align=right|100%
|{{Yes|Unopposed}}
|-
![[1972 Taiwanese presidential election|1972]]
|align=right|1,308
|align=right|100%
|{{Yes|Unopposed}}
|-
![[1978 Taiwanese presidential election|1978]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Chiang Ching-kuo]]
|[[Hsieh Tung-min]]
|align=right|1,184
|align=right|100%
|{{Yes|Unopposed}}
|-
![[1984 Taiwanese presidential election|1984]]
|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|align=right|1,012
|align=right|100%
|{{Yes|Unopposed}}
|-
![[1990 Taiwanese presidential election|1990]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|[[Lee Yuan-tsu]]
|align=right|641
|align=right|100%
|{{Yes|Unopposed}}
|-
![[1996 Taiwanese presidential election|1996]]
|[[Lien Chan]]
|align=right|5,813,699
|align=right|54.0%
|{{Yes|Elected}}
|-
![[2000 Taiwanese presidential election|2000]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Lien Chan]]
|[[Vincent Siew]]
|align=right|2,925,513
|align=right|23.1%
|{{No|Defeated}}
|-
![[2004 Taiwanese presidential election|2004]]
|[[James Soong]] ([[File:LogoPFP.svg|15px|link=People First Party (Republic of China)]] {{small|[[People First Party (Republic of China)|PFP]]}})
|align=right|6,442,452
|align=right|49.9%
|{{No|Defeated}}
|-
![[2008 Taiwanese presidential election|2008]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ma Ying-jeou]]
|[[Vincent Siew]]
|align=right|7,659,014
|align=right|58.5%
|{{Yes|Elected}}
|-
![[2012 Taiwanese presidential election|2012]]
|[[Wu Den-yih]]
|align=right|6,891,139
|align=right|51.6%
|{{Yes|Elected}}
|-
![[2016 Taiwanese presidential election|2016]]
|[[Eric Chu]]
|[[Wang Ju-hsuan]] ([[File:Black-nill.png|15x15px]] {{small|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]}})
|align=right|3,813,365
|align=right|31.0%
|{{No|Defeated}}
|-
![[2020 Taiwanese presidential election|2020]]
|[[Han Kuo-yu]]
|[[Chang San-cheng]] ([[File:Black-nill.png|15x15px]] {{small|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]}})
|align=right|5,522,119
|align=right|38.6%
|{{No|Defeated}}
|-
![[2024 Taiwanese presidential election|2024]]
|[[Hou Yu-ih]]
|[[Jaw Shaw-kong]]
|align=right|4,671,021
|align=right|33.5%
|{{No|Defeated}}
|}
{{Notelist-ua}}

=== Legislative elections ===
<!-- Note that the Legislative Yuan is the legislature of the Republic of China only. The members of the Executive Yuan which can form the government of the Republic of China are appointed by the President of the Republic of China and irrelevant to the Legislative Yuan. -->
{|class=wikitable
|-
!Election
!Total seats won
!Total votes
!Share of votes
!Changes
!Election leader
!Status
!President
|-
![[1948 Chinese legislative election|1948]]
|{{composition bar|716|759|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|
|
|
|[[Chiang Kai-shek]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|rowspan="3"|Chiang Kai-shek
|-
![[1969 Taiwanese legislative election|1969]]
|{{composition bar|8|11|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|
|
|
|[[Chiang Kai-shek]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
![[1972 Taiwanese legislative election|1972]]
|{{composition bar|41|51|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|
|
|
|[[Chiang Kai-shek]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
![[1975 Taiwanese legislative election|1975]]
|{{composition bar|42|52|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|
|
|
|[[Chiang Ching-kuo]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|Yen Chia-kan
|-
![[1980 Taiwanese legislative election|1980]]
|{{composition bar|79|97|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|
|
|
|[[Chiang Ching-kuo]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|rowspan="3"| Chiang Ching-kuo
|-
![[1983 Taiwanese legislative election|1983]]
|{{composition bar|83|98|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|
|
|
|[[Chiang Ching-kuo]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
![[1986 Taiwanese legislative election|1986]]
|{{composition bar|79|100|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|
|
|
|[[Chiang Ching-kuo]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
![[1989 Taiwanese legislative election|1989]]
|{{composition bar|94|130|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|
|
|
|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|rowspan="4"|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|-
![[1992 Taiwanese legislative election|1992]]
|{{composition bar|95|161|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|5,030,725
|53.0%
|{{decrease}} 7 seats
|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
![[1995 Taiwanese legislative election|1995]]
|{{composition bar|85|164|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|4,349,089
|46.1%
|{{decrease}} 12 seats
|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
!rowspan="2"|[[1998 Taiwanese legislative election|1998]]
|rowspan="2"|{{composition bar|123|225|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|rowspan="2"|4,659,679
|rowspan="2"|46.4%
|rowspan="2"|{{increase}} 7 seats<br />{{small|(adjusted)}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
|{{yes2|Opposing majority}}
|rowspan="4"|[[Chen Shui-bian]]
|-
![[2001 Taiwanese legislative election|2001]]
|{{composition bar|68|225|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|2,949,371
|31.3%
|{{decrease}} 46 seats
|[[Lien Chan]]
|{{partial|Opposing plurality}}
|-
![[2004 Taiwanese legislative election|2004]]
|{{composition bar|79|225|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|3,190,081
|34.9%
|{{increase}} 11 seats
|[[Lien Chan]]
|{{partial|Opposing plurality}}
|-
!rowspan="2"|[[2008 Taiwanese legislative election|2008]]
|rowspan="2"|{{composition bar|81|113|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|rowspan="2"|5,291,512
|rowspan="2"|53.5%
|rowspan="2"|{{increase}} 41 seats<br />{{small|(adjusted)}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Wu Po-hsiung]]
|{{yes2|Opposing majority}}
|-
|{{yes|Majority}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Ma Ying-jeou]]
|-
![[2012 Taiwanese legislative election|2012]]
|{{composition bar|64|113|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|5,863,379
|44.5%
|{{decrease}} 17 seats
|[[Ma Ying-jeou]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
![[2016 Taiwanese legislative election|2016]]
|{{composition bar|35|113|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|3,280,949
|26.9%
|{{decrease}} 29 seats
|[[Eric Chu]]
|{{no|Minority}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Tsai Ing-wen]]
|-
![[2020 Taiwanese legislative election|2020]]
|{{composition bar|38|113|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|4,723,504
|33.3%
|{{increase}} 3 seats
|[[Wu Den-yih]]
|{{no|Minority}}
|-
![[2024 Taiwanese legislative election|2024]]
|{{composition bar|52|113|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|4,764,293
|34.6%
|{{increase}} 14 seats
|[[Eric Chu]]
|{{partial|Opposing plurality}}
|[[Lai Ching-te]]
|}

=== Local elections ===
{|class=wikitable
|-
!Election
!Magistrates and mayors
!Councillors
!Township/city mayors
!Township/city council representatives
!Village chiefs
!Party leader
|-
![[1994 Taiwanese municipal elections|1994]]<br />{{small|provincial}}
|{{composition bar|2|3|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|91|175|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|rowspan="3"|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|-
![[1997 Taiwanese local elections|1997]]
|{{composition bar|8|23|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|522|886|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|236|319|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
![[1998 Taiwanese municipal elections|1998]]<br />{{small|municipal}}
|{{composition bar|1|2|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|48|96|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
![[2001 Taiwanese local elections|2001]]
|{{composition bar|9|23|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|382|897|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|195|319|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Lien Chan]]
|-
![[2002 Taiwanese local elections|2002]]<br />{{small|municipal}}
|{{composition bar|1|2|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|32|96|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
![[2005 Taiwanese local elections|2005]]
|{{composition bar|14|23|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|408|901|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|173|319|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|rowspan="5"|[[Ma Ying-jeou]]
|-
![[2006 Taiwanese local elections|2006]]<br />{{small|municipal}}
|{{composition bar|1|2|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|41|96|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
![[2009 Taiwanese local elections|2009]]
|{{composition bar|12|17|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|289|587|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|121|211|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
![[2010 Taiwanese local elections|2010]]<br />{{small|municipal}}
|{{composition bar|3|5|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|130|314|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{composition bar|1195|3757|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|-
![[2014 Taiwanese local elections|2014]]<br />{{small|unified}}
|{{composition bar|6|22|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|386|906|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|80|204|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|538|2137|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|1794|7836|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|-
![[2018 Taiwanese local elections|2018]]<br />{{small|unified}}
|{{composition bar|15|22|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|394|912|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|83|204|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|390|2148|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|1120|7744|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|[[Wu Den-yih]]
|-
![[2022 Taiwanese local elections|2022]]<br />{{small|unified}}
|{{composition bar|14|22|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|367|910|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|76|204|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|294|2139|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|{{composition bar|953|7748|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|[[Eric Chu]]
|}

=== National Assembly elections ===
{|class=wikitable
|-
!Election
!Total seats won
!Total votes
!Share of votes
!Changes
!Party leader
!Status
!President
|-
![[1912 Chinese National Assembly election|1912]]
|{{composition bar|132|274|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}|ref=(Senate)}}{{composition bar|269|596|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}|ref=(House)}}
|align=right|?
|align=right|?
|
|[[Sung Chiao-jen]]
|{{Partial|Plurality}}
|[[Yuan Shikai]]
|-
![[1947 Chinese National Assembly election|1947]]
| {{composition bar|2901|3045|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|align=right|?
|align=right|?
|
|rowspan="3"|[[Chiang Kai-shek]]
|{{Yes|Majority}}
|rowspan="3"|[[Chiang Kai-shek]]
|-
![[1969 Taiwanese legislative election|1969]]
|{{composition bar|15|15|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|align=right|?
|align=right|?
|
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
![[1972 Taiwanese legislative election|1972]]
|{{composition bar|43|53|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|align=right|?
|align=right|?
|
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
![[1980 Taiwanese legislative election|1980]]
|{{composition bar|61|76|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|align=right|?
|align=right|?
|
|rowspan="2"|[[Chiang Ching-kuo]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Chiang Ching-kuo]]
|-
![[1986 Taiwanese legislative election|1986]]
|{{composition bar|68|84|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|align=right|?
|align=right|?
|
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
![[1991 Taiwan National Assembly election|1991]]
|{{composition bar|254|325|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|align=right|6,053,366
|align=right|69.1%
|{{increase}} 186 seats
|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|-
![[1996 Taiwan National Assembly election|1996]]
|{{composition bar|183|334|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|align=right|5,180,829
|align=right|49.7%
|{{decrease}} 71 seats
|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|{{yes|Majority}}
|-
![[2005 Taiwan National Assembly election|2005]]
|{{composition bar|117|300|hex={{party color|Kuomintang}}}}
|align=right|1,508,384
|align=right|38.92%
|{{decrease}} 66 seats
|[[Lien Chan]]
|{{partial|Plurality}}
|[[Chen Shui-bian]]
|}

== See also ==
{{Div col}}
* [[Kuomintang in Burma]]
* [[Elections in Taiwan]]
* [[Republic of China Armed Forces]]
* [[Republic of China Military Academy]]
{{Div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

'''Language notes'''
{{notelist-ur}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Bulag |first=Uradyn Erden |url=https://archive.org/details/mongolsatchinase0000bula |title=The Mongols at China's Edge: History and the Politics of National Unity |date=2002 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-1144-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Fenby |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Fenby |url=https://archive.org/details/chiangkaishekchi0000fenb |title=Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost |date=2005 |publisher=Carroll & Graf Publishers |isbn=978-0786714841 |oclc=1029283712}}
* {{cite book |last=FitzGerald |first=Frances |author-link=Frances FitzGerald (journalist) |title=Fire in the lake: the Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam |title-link=Fire in the Lake |date=1972 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=978-0-316-15919-7 |oclc=375867}}
* {{cite book |last=Lipman |first=Jonathan Neaman |title=Familiar Strangers: a History of Muslims in Northwest China |date=2004 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |location=Seattle |isbn=978-0-295-97644-0 |doi=10.6069/9780295800554 |jstor=j.ctvbtzmb8 |oclc=36485989 |doi-access=free |jstor-access=free}}
* {{cite book |last=Pakula |first=Hannah |title=The Last Empress: Madame Chiang Kai-Shek and the Birth of Modern China |title-link=The Last Empress: Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the Birth of Modern China |date=2009 |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |isbn=978-1-4391-4893-8 |oclc=310397746}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bergère |first2=Janet |last2=Lloyd |first1=Marie-Claire |title=Sun Yat-sen |year=2000 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford, California |isbn=978-0-8047-4011-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/sunyatsen00berg}}
* Copper, John F. ''The KMT Returns to Power: Elections in Taiwan, 2008 to 2012'' (Lexington Books; 2013) 251 pp. – How Taiwan's Nationalist Party regained power after losing in 2000.
* {{cite book |last=Roy |first=Denny |title=Taiwan: A Political History |url=https://archive.org/details/taiwan00denn |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, New York |isbn=978-0-8014-8805-4}}
* Westad, Odd Arne. ''Decisive Encounters: the Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950'' (Stanford University Press, 2003). [https://www.amazon.com/Decisive-Encounters-Chinese-1946-1950-Paperback/dp/B00OVMULDY/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908202747/https://www.amazon.com/Decisive-Encounters-Chinese-1946-1950-Paperback/dp/B00OVMULDY |date=8 September 2021 }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links}}
* {{Official website|http://www.kmt.org.tw/}} (Chinese)
* {{Official website}} (English, inactive since 2020)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091028051800/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563041/Kuomintang.html The History of Kuomintang] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20091028051800/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563041/Kuomintang.html Archived] 31 October 2009)
*[http://www.npf.org.tw/ National Policy Foundation Website (Kuomintang Think Tank)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120041112/http://www.npf.org.tw/ |date=20 January 2017 }}{{in lang|zh}}

{{Chinese Nationalist Party}}
{{Taiwanese political parties}}
{{Chinese Civil War}}
{{Cross-Strait relations}}
{{Cold War}}
{{International Democracy Union}}
{{Warlord era}}
{{Taiwan topics}}
{{China topics}}
{{portal bar|Conservatism|Republic of China|4=Politics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kuomintang| ]]
[[Category:1912 establishments in China]]
[[Category:Political history of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Three Principles of the People]]
[[Category:International Democracy Union member parties]]
[[Category:Neoliberal parties]]
[[Category:Chinese nationalism outside mainland China]]
[[Category:Centre-right parties in Asia]]
[[Category:Conservative parties in Asia]]
[[Category:Georgist parties]]
[[Category:Liberal conservative parties]]
[[Category:Left-wing anti-communism]]
[[Category:National conservative parties]]
[[Category:Nationalist parties in Asia]]
[[Category:Opposition to Taiwan independence]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Taipei]]
[[Category:Parties of one-party systems]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1912]]
[[Category:Political parties in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Syncretic political movements]]
[[Category:Socialist parties]]