View source for Segovia

{{short description|City in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain}}
{{other uses}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Segovia
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| official_name = <!-- if different from name -->
| native_name = <!-- if different from name -->
| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
  | perrow = 1/2/2
  | border = infobox
  | total_width = 280 
  | caption_align = center
  | image1 = Segovia - 02.jpg
  | caption1 = View with the [[Sierra de Guadarrama]] in the background
  | image2 = Alcazar de segovia - vistra trasera.jpg
  | caption2 = [[Alcázar of Segovia|Alcázar]]
  | image3 = Aqueduct of Segovia 02.jpg
  | caption3 = [[Aqueduct of Segovia|Aqueduct]]
  | image4 = Catedral de Segovia (27166274932).jpg
  | caption4 = [[Segovia Cathedral|Cathedral]]
  | image5 = Puerta de San Andrés (26700439543).jpg
  | caption5 = [[Puerta de San Andrés (Segovia)|Gate of San Andrés]]
}}
| image_flag = Bandera de Segovia.svg
| image_shield = Escudo de Segovia.svg
| flag_size = 150
| shield_size = 75
| nickname = 
| motto = 
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.5|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Segovia|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Segovia.}}
| map_caption = Location of Segovia
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Spain
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Castile and León]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Province of Segovia|Segovia]]
| seat_type = 
| seat = 
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 1005
| elevation_min_m = 
| elevation_max_m = 
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = 163.59
| established_title = <!-- Founded -->
| established_date = 
| population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_demonym = Segovian
| population_note = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 40001-40006
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]]
| area_code = 
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = José Mazarías Pérez
| leader_party = [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]
| website = {{official website|http://www.segovia.es/}}
}}
'''Segovia''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|ɡ|oʊ|v|i|ə}} {{respell|sig|OH|vee|ə}},<ref name="Collins3">{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/segovia|title=Segovia|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|USalso|s|eɪ|ˈ|-}} {{respell|say|GOH|-}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Segovia|access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|es|seˈɣoβja|lang|Pronunciation_of_Segovia_in_Spanish.ogg}}) is a city in the [[autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community]] of [[Castile and León]], Spain. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the [[Province of Segovia]]. Segovia is located in the [[Meseta central|Inner Plateau]] of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], near the northern slopes of the [[Sistema Central]] mountain range. Housing is nestled on a bend of the [[Eresma River|Eresma river]].

The city is famous for its historic buildings including three main landmarks: [[Aqueduct of Segovia|its midtown Roman aqueduct]], [[Segovia Cathedral|its cathedral]] (one of the last ones to be built in Europe following a Gothic style), and the [[Alcázar of Segovia]] (a fortress). The city center was declared a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]] in 1985.

==Etymology==
The name of Segovia is of [[Celtiberians|Celtiberian]] origin. Although historians have linked its old name to ''{{lang|xce|Segobriga}}'', the discovery of the original [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city of [[Segobriga]] near [[Saelices]] discarded this possibility. The name of "Segovia" is mentioned by [[Livy]] in the context of the [[Sertorian War]].

Under the Romans and [[Moors]], the city was called Sego([u])via ({{lang|grc|Σεγουβία}},{{efn|the phonological use of β to denote the sound used in Spanish for b and v is modern. It was not used in European writing traditions (orthologies), except, as here, Greek which thus lacks the letter v.}} Ptolomeo ii. 6. § 56) and {{transliteration|ar|Šiqūbiyyah}}{{efn|The principle of b for lack of v in Arabic is identical}} ({{lang|ar|شقوبية}}) respectively.

==Geography==
===Location===

Segovia is located near the [[Eresma River|Eresma]] rivercourse (a second-order tributary of the [[Douro]]), close to the northwestern slope of the [[Sierra de Guadarrama]] mountains, a subrange of the [[Sistema Central]].

The main route of the [[Way of St. James|Camino de Santiago de Madrid]] passes through the city.

===Climate===
Segovia has a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] (''Csa'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]) bordering on a [[cold semi-arid climate]] (''BSk''), resulting from the high altitude and the distance from the coast. The average annual temperature is {{convert|12.42|°C|1}}, with an average low in January of {{convert|0.3|°C|1}} and an average high in July of {{convert|29.7|°C|1}}. The annual precipitation ranges from 400 to 500&nbsp;mm per year in the lower plains, and can reach above 1000&nbsp;mm in the nearby mountainous area of the [[Sierra de Guadarrama]], rain and snow are more frequent in the mountains. Showers from summer thunderstorms help the mountainous area of the province be wetter than the average for most of the central Spanish plateau, this gives the area lush vegetation. This makes the province a damp corner in the context of the region. The predominant forms of vegetation in the mountainous areas include pine, evergreen, oak, beech and juniper.

{{Weather box
| location = Segovia (1988–2010) {{convert|1,005|m|ft}}
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 20.1
| Feb record high C = 21.5
| Mar record high C = 24.6
| Apr record high C = 28.0
| May record high C = 33.2
| Jun record high C = 38.1
| Jul record high C = 38.6
| Aug record high C = 38.7
| Sep record high C = 36.3
| Oct record high C = 30.3
| Nov record high C = 23.4
| Dec record high C = 22.6
| year record high C = 
| Jan high C = 8.2
| Feb high C = 10.4
| Mar high C = 13.9
| Apr high C = 15.1
| May high C = 19.7
| Jun high C = 25.8
| Jul high C = 29.7
| Aug high C = 29.4
| Sep high C = 24.0
| Oct high C = 18.0
| Nov high C = 11.8
| Dec high C = 8.8
| Jan mean C = 4.3
| Feb mean C = 5.8
| Mar mean C = 8.6
| Apr mean C = 9.7
| May mean C = 14.0
| Jun mean C = 19.0
| Jul mean C = 22.2
| Aug mean C = 22.1
| Sep mean C = 17.7
| Oct mean C = 13.0
| Nov mean C = 7.6
| Dec mean C = 5.1
| Jan low C = 0.3
| Feb low C = 1.1
| Mar low C = 3.2
| Apr low C = 4.2
| May low C = 8.2
| Jun low C = 12.1
| Jul low C = 14.6
| Aug low C = 14.8
| Sep low C = 11.4
| Oct low C = 7.9
| Nov low C = 3.4
| Dec low C = 1.3
| Jan record low C = -17.0
| Feb record low C = -13.0
| Mar record low C = -13.2
| Apr record low C = -5.6
| May record low C = -3.0
| Jun record low C = 0.4
| Jul record low C = 4.0
| Aug record low C = 4.4
| Sep record low C = 0.6
| Oct record low C = -5.0
| Nov record low C = -10.4
| Dec record low C = -13.4
| year record low C = 
| Jan precipitation mm = 38
| Feb precipitation mm = 31
| Mar precipitation mm = 30
| Apr precipitation mm = 44
| May precipitation mm = 66
| Jun precipitation mm = 43
| Jul precipitation mm = 17
| Aug precipitation mm = 20
| Sep precipitation mm = 28
| Oct precipitation mm = 59
| Nov precipitation mm = 52
| Dec precipitation mm = 46
| Jan precipitation days = 7
| Feb precipitation days = 6
| Mar precipitation days = 6
| Apr precipitation days = 8
| May precipitation days = 10
| Jun precipitation days = 5
| Jul precipitation days = 3
| Aug precipitation days = 3
| Sep precipitation days = 5
| Oct precipitation days = 9
| Nov precipitation days = 9
| Dec precipitation days = 8
| year precipitation days = 79
| Jan snow days = 3.8
| Feb snow days = 3.1
| Mar snow days = 1.7
| Apr snow days = 1.5
| May snow days = 0.2
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0.1
| Nov snow days = 1.6
| Dec snow days = 2.2
| year snow days = 
| Jan sun = 124
| Feb sun = 152
| Mar sun = 203
| Apr sun = 213
| May sun = 250
| Jun sun = 314
| Jul sun = 358
| Aug sun = 328
| Sep sun = 246
| Oct sun = 177
| Nov sun = 126
| Dec sun = 110
| source = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=2465&k=cle|title=Valores climatológicos normales: Segovia – Agencia Estatal de Meteorología – AEMET. Gobierno de España|first=Agencia Estatal de|last=Meteorología|language=es|website=www.aemet.es|access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref>
| source 2 = <ref name=Aemet.es>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=cle&l=2465&datos=det|title=Extreme values: Segovia – Valores extremos absolutos – Selector – Agencia Estatal de Meteorología |first=Agencia Estatal de|last=Meteorología|language=es|website=www.aemet.es|access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=cle&l=2465A&datos=det|title=Extreme values: Segovia, Instituto – Valores extremos absolutos – Selector – Agencia Estatal de Meteorología |first=Agencia Estatal de|last=Meteorología|language=es|website=www.aemet.es|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref>
}}

===Population centers===
Aside from the main city, there are a number of other villages within the municipality of Segovia.
* [[Fuentemilanos]]
* [[Hontoria (Segovia)|Hontoria]]
* [[Madrona (Segovia)|Madrona]]
* [[Revenga]], established in 1983<ref>{{cite web|url= http://bocyl.jcyl.es/boletines/1983/11/07/pdf/BOCYL-D-07111983-1.pdf|title= DECRETO nº. 107/1983, de 3 de Noviembre, por el que se aprueba la constitución en entidad local menor del núcleo de población de Revenga, perteneciente al municipio de Segovia.|publisher= [[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]|access-date= February 9, 2013|language=es}}</ref> as a "minor local entity" (Spanish: ''{{lang|es|entidad local menor}}''), a category of sub-municipal entities in Spain.
* [[Zamarramala]]
* [[Torredondo]]
* [[Perogordo]]

==History==
The first recorded mention of a settlement in what is today Segovia was a Celtic possession. Control later passed into the hands of the Romans. The city is a possible site of the battle in 75 BC where [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius]] was victorious over [[Quintus Sertorius]] and [[Hirtuleius]].  Hirtuleius died in the fighting.<ref>''From the Gracchi to Nero'', H. H. Scullard, p 91 however Philip Spann disagreed - ''Quintus Sertorius and the Legacy of Sulla'', p110</ref> During the late Roman period, the settlement belonged to one of numerous contemporary Latin convents.

Later records traditionally indicate that the townsite was uninhabited at the height of the 11th century.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://oa.upm.es/9932/4/Urbanismo_Segovia1_opt.pdf|page=21|title=Historia del Urbanismo en la ciudad de Segovia del siglo XII al XIX|isbn=84-500-5402-8|year=1982|first=J. Antonio|last=Ruiz Hernando}}</ref> The circumstances behind the resettlement of the [[Meseta Central|northern Meseta]] beyond the [[Douro]] (vis-à-vis the pre-Reconquesta population) under the advancing Christian kingdoms in the middle ages is, however, a moot point in historiography.{{Sfn|Ruiz Hernando|1982|p=21}} Short of the existence of any verified urban layout in the townsite, possible early eleventh century Berber or [[Mozarab]] settlements in the area seem likely.{{Sfn|Ruiz Hernando|1982|pp=21–22}}

After the [[Siege of Toledo (1085)|conquest of Toledo]] by [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile]], Segovia was resettled with Christians from the north of the Iberian peninsula and beyond the Pyrenees, providing it with a significant sphere of influence whose boundaries crossed the [[Sierra de Guadarrama]] and the [[Tagus]].

Segovia's position on trading routes made it an important centre of trade in wool and textiles. The end of the Middle Ages saw something of a golden age for Segovia, with a growing Jewish population and the creation of a foundation for a powerful cloth industry. Several splendid works of Gothic architecture were also completed during this period. Notably, [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella I]] was proclaimed queen of Castile in the church of San Miguel de Segovia on December 13, 1474.
[[Segovienne]] was a local [[flannel]] cloth used for [[upholstery]] in the 14th to 17th centuries. It was a twilled weave structure with a hairy surface produced by using Spanish wool.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Montgomery|first=Florence M.|url=https://archive.org/details/textilesinameric00mont|title=Textiles in America 1650-1870 : a dictionary based on original documents, prints and paintings, commercial records, American merchants' papers, shopkeepers' advertisements, and pattern books with original swatches of cloth|date=1984|publisher=New York; London : Norton|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-393-01703-8|pages=344}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Tortora|first1=Phyllis G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYfAQAAQBAJ&q=Segovienne&pg=PA544|title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles|last2=Johnson|first2=Ingrid|date=2013-09-17|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-60901-535-0|pages=544|language=en}}</ref>
[[File:VistaSegovia1562.jpg|thumb|center|upright=3.5|Drawing of Segovia ('Segobia') by [[Anton van den Wyngaerde]] {{circa|1562}}.]]

Like most Castilian textile centres, Segovia joined the [[Revolt of the Comuneros]] under the command of [[Juan Bravo]]. Despite the defeat of the Communities, the city's resultant economic boom continued into the sixteenth century, its population rising to 27,000 in 1594. Then, as well as almost all the cities of Castile, Segovia entered a period of decline. Only a century later in 1694, the population had been reduced to only 8,000 inhabitants. In the early eighteenth century, Segovia attempted to revitalize its textile industry, with little success. In the second half of the century, [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]] made another attempt to revive the region's commerce; it took the form of the Royal Segovian Wool Manufacturing Company (1763). However, the lack of competitiveness of production caused the crown withdraw its sponsorship in 1779. In 1764, the Royal School of Artillery, the first military academy in Spain, was opened. This academy remains present in the city today. In 1808, Segovia was sacked by French troops during the War of Independence. During the [[First Carlist War]], troops under the command of [[Infante Carlos María Isidro of Spain|Don Carlos, Count of Molina]] unsuccessfully attacked the city. During the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century, Segovia experienced a demographic recovery that was the result of relative economic stability.

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations|1842|6625|1857|10339|1877|11172|1887|14328|1900|14658|1910|15258|1920|15707|1930|18413|1940|21951|1950|27026|1960|32092|1970|40816|1981|50759|1991|54375|2001|54368|2011|54945|2021|51234|source=[[National Statistics Institute (Spain)|INE]]<ref>{{cite web|title=INEbase. Alterations to the municipalities in the Population Censuses since 1842|url=https://www.ine.es/intercensal/inicio.do|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Spain)|National Statistics Institute]]|language=es}}</ref>|align=right|cols=1}}The population growth experienced during the nineteenth century accelerated steadily beginning around 1920: 16,013 inhabitants recorded that year, 33,360 in 1960, and 53,237 in 1981. Since the 1980s growth has slowed markedly: 55,586 in 2004 and 56,047 in 2007.

As of 1 January 2019, 11% of Segovia's inhabitants were foreigners – 4.478% coming from other countries in Europe, 2.37% being Africans, 3.7% being from the Americas, and 0.435% being Asians.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Padrón municipal de habitantes. Revisión anual a 1 de enero de 2019. Distribución población por nacionalidades|url=http://www.segovia.es/index.php/mod.documentos/mem.descargar/fichero.documentos_Distribucion_de_la_poblacion_por_nacionalidades_44309256%232E%23pdf|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Ayuntamiento de Segovia|language=Spanish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823105310/http://www.segovia.es/index.php/mod.documentos/mem.descargar/fichero.documentos_Distribucion_de_la_poblacion_por_nacionalidades_44309256%232E%23pdf|archive-date=2021-08-23}}</ref>

==Heritage==
===World Heritage City===
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
|WHS = Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct
|Image = AcueductoSegovia edit1.jpg
|Caption = The [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[Aqueduct of Segovia]]
|ID = 311
|Year = 1985
|Criteria = Cultural: i, iii, iv
|Area = 134.28 ha
|Buffer_zone = 401.44 ha 
}}

In 1985 the old city of Segovia and its Aqueduct were declared [[World Heritage Sites]] by [[UNESCO]]. The old city contains a multitude of historic buildings both civil and religious, including a large number of buildings of Jewish origin, notably within the old Jewish Quarter. One of the most historically important Jewish sites is the Jewish cemetery, {{lang|es|El Pinarillo}}.
Among the most important monuments in the city are:

*The [[Aqueduct of Segovia]], located in Plaza del Azoguejo, is the defining historical feature of the city, dating from the late 1st or early 2nd century AD.<ref name="arquitectura_romana">{{cite web|url = http://www.spanisharts.com/arquitectura/imagenes/roma/segovia_acueducto.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060503194627/http://www.spanisharts.com/arquitectura/imagenes/roma/segovia_acueducto.html|url-status = usurped|archive-date = 3 May 2006|title = Arquitectura romana: Acueducto de Segovia|access-date = 22 January 2009|work = Historia de la Arquitectura en España}}</ref> Like a number of other aqueducts in Spain, Segovia's Roman-built aqueduct receives attention for being one of the "extraordinary engineering accomplishments" existing in the country, wrote Alejandro Lapunzina in ''Reference Guides to National Architecture: Architecture of Spain''.  It is still used to deliver drinking water.  "The aqueduct of Segovia is – because of its long span, architectural beauty, uncharacteristic slenderness, and dramatic presence in the center of a dense urban fabric – the most impressive Roman structure in Spain, and one of the most famous among the numerous aqueducts built by the Romans throughout their vast Empire," Lapunzina wrote.<ref>Lapunzina, A. (2005). Reference guides to national architecture: Architecture of Spain. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.</ref> It consists of about 25,000 [[granite]] blocks held together without any [[mortar (masonry)|mortar]], and spans 818 meters with more than 170 arches, the highest being 29 metres high.
[[file:Segovia - Alcázar de Segovia 22 2017-10-24.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Alcázar de Segovia]].]]
*The [[Alcazar of Segovia]], the royal palace built on a stone peninsula between the rivers Eresma and Clamores, is documented for the first time in 1122, although it may have existed earlier. It was one of the favored residences of the [[List of Castilian monarchs|kings of Castile]], built in the transition from [[Romanesque architecture]] to [[gothic architecture|Gothic]] and [[Mudéjar]]. The building is structured around two courtyards and has two towers, and a [[keep]]. It was a favourite residence of [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso X the Wise]] and [[Henry IV of Castile|Henry IV]], and [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella the Catholic]] was crowned Queen of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] in Segovia's Plaza Mayor. Devastated by a fire in 1862, it was later rebuilt. It now houses the General Militar de Segovia archive and museum of the Royal School of Artillery, managed by the Board of the Alcazar.

[[File:Catedral de Santa María de Segovia - 01.jpg|thumb|Segovia Cathedral as seen from the Alcazar.]]
*The '''[[Segovia Cathedral]]''', the last [[gothic architecture|Gothic]] cathedral built in Spain.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}} It is considered a masterpiece of Basque-Castilian Gothic architecture and is known as "The Lady of Cathedrals".{{citation needed|date=February 2015}} [[Juan Gil de Hontañón]], [[Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón]], and other masters of Spanish architecture worked on the construction. It was consecrated in 1768 and is 105 meters long, 50 metres wide and 33 m high in the nave,{{citation needed|date=February 2015}} has 18 chapels and has three doors: El Perdón, San Frutos and San Geroteo.
*The '''[[Walls of Segovia]]''' existed when [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile]] retook the city from the Arabs. Alfonso had them enlarged, and also increased its perimeter to 3 kilometres, with eight towers, five gates, and several doors. It was built mainly of granite blocks but also reused gravestones from the old Roman [[necropolis]]. The wall encircles the historic quarter and currently has three gates: San Cebrián; [[Puerta de Santiago (Segovia)|Santiago]], built in the [[Mudéjar]] style; and [[Puerta de San Andrés (Segovia)|San Andrés]], gateway to the [[Jewish quarter (diaspora)|Jewish quarter]]; and the breaches of Consuelo, San Juan, the Sun, and the Moon.{{clarify|date=February 2015}}

===Religious architecture===
[[File:SegoviaSEstebán2 22.4.2003.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Iglesia de San Esteban]]
[[File:Old main synagogue Segovia.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Old main synagogue]]
[[File:Vista de la iglesia de San Millán de Segovia desde la calle Cervantes.jpg|thumb|View of the church of San Millán de Segovia from Cervantes street]]

==== Churches and chapels ====

The city maintains an important collection of Romanesque churches of both stone and brick, which include the churches of [[Church of San Esteban (Segovia)|San Esteban]], [[Iglesia de San Millán (Segovia)|San Millán]], [[Iglesia de San Martín (Segovia)|San Martín]], [[Iglesia de la Santísima Trinidad (Segovia)|la Santísima Trinidad]], [[Iglesia de San Andrés (Segovia)|San Andrés]], [[Iglesia de San Clemente (Segovia)|San Clemente]], [[Iglesia de Santos Justo y Pastor (Segovia)|Santos Justo y Pastor]], [[Iglesia de la Vera Cruz, Segovia|Iglesia de la Vera Cruz (Order of Malta)]], and [[Iglesia de San Salvador (Segovia)|San Salvador]].

The [[Old main synagogue, Segovia|old main synagogue]] is a former synagogue, converted into a convent after the [[Spanish Inquistion|expulsion of the Jews from Spain]] in 1492.

==== Monasteries and convents ====
The city of Segovia preserved also several monasteries and convents with active religious life:

* The [[Monastery of Santa María del Parral|Monastery of Saint Mary of Parral]] with the cloistered [[monk]]s of the [[Hieronymites|Order of Saint Jerome]]
* The [[Monastery of the Humble Incarnation (Segovia)|Monastery of the Humble Incarnation]] with the cloistered nuns of the [[Order of Saint Augustine]]
* The [[Monastery of the Immaculate Conception (Segovia)|Monastery of the Immaculate Conception]] with the cloistered [[Conceptionists|Conceptionist]] nuns
* The [[Monastery of San Vicente el Real]] with the cloistered nuns of the [[Cistercians|Cistercian Order]]
* The [[Monastery of San Antonio el Real]] with the Poor Clare Sisters of the [[Poor Clares|Order of Saint Claire]]
* The [[Convent of San Juan de la Cruz (Segovia)|Convent of Saint John of the Cross]] with the [[Discalced Carmelites|Discalced Carmelite]] friars
* The [[Convent of San José (Segovia)|Convent of Saint Joseph]] with the cloistered [[Discalced Carmelites|Discalced Carmelite]] nuns
* The [[Convent of Corpus Christi (Segovia)|Convent of Corpus Christi]] with the Poor Clare Sisters of the [[Poor Clares|Order of Saint Claire]]
* The [[Convent of Santo Domingo el Real]] with the cloistered nuns of the [[Dominican Order]]
* The [[Convent of San Juan de Dios (Segovia)|Convent of Saint John of God]] with the Franciscan Sisters of the [[Third Order of Saint Francis]]
* The Convent of Santa Cruz la Real (occupied by IE University).

===Civil architecture===
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2015}}
* The Ayala Berganza Castilian Palace dates from the late 15th century. Due to a multiple murder that happened in the late 19th century is known by Segovia as "the house of crime".
*Casa del Sello on San Francisco Street
*Casa-Museo del Torreón de Lozoya in the Plaza de San Martín
*Casa del Siglo XV (or of Juan Bravo)
*House of the Count Alpuente, the [[Casa de los Picos]] and others in the Calle Real
*La Taberna Rubi, the oldest tavern in the city
*The [[The Coining House, Segovia|Casa de la Moneda]], a former mint included in the "production and manufacturing" theme of the [[European Route of Industrial Heritage]].<ref name="ERIH">{{Cite web |url=https://www.erih.net/i-want-to-go-there/site/show/Sites/royal-mint/ |title=Royal Mint |website=www.erih.net |access-date=2018-11-04}}</ref>

[[File:Mirador de la canaleja, Segovia, Castilla y León, España, 2015.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2|View of Segovia from Mirador de la canaleja.]]

===Urban sculpture===
[[File:Bimilenarioacueducto.JPG|thumb|upright|Loba Capitolina at the foot of the aqueduct.]]

Urban sculpture in Segovia feature works depicting illustrious figures linked to the city, but there are also several works of a religious nature. One of the most iconic sculptures of the [[Capitoline Wolf|Loba Capitolina]] sits in front of the aqueduct. A copy of the Capitoline wolf is preserved in the Capitoline Museum and was a gift that Rome gave to the city in 1974 during the events of the [[millennium|bimillennial]] anniversary of the aqueduct.

Until a few decades ago, a monument dedicated to the artist Daniel Zuloaga, which was installed in 1924, could be seen in the Plaza de la Merced, but it was relocated to the Plaza de Colmenares. Currently located in the center of the Plaza de la Merced, looking towards the church of San Andrés is a [[bust (sculpture)|bust]] of the poet [[Rubén Darío]], sculptor Santiago de Santiago, which was donated by the [[Republic of Nicaragua|Nicaragua]] government to the city in 1973. Letters related to the bust are also found in the Promenade Lounge, the famous poet José Rodas was first installed in 1927 in the plaza of the gardens, and moved to its present site in 1960 by the Segovian sculptor Aniceto Marinas. There is also a tribute to [[Antonio Machado]]; the poet Segovia also took refuge here from 1919 to 1932, a sculpture honoring him is located in the garden of his home museum, and was done by Emiliano Barral.

Religious figures such as [[Domingo de Soto]], [[Pius XII]], [[Anthony Mary Claret|Saint Anthony Mary Claret]], [[John of the Cross|Saint John of the Cross]] have their own urban sculptures, including the first work of Ortega and several from José María García Moro, a prosperous Segovia sculptor who also created the Monument to the Youth located on the Plaza del Conde de Cheste.  A few peasants have been recognized on the streets or town squares, as is the case for Aniceto Marinas, who dedicated a monument in 1943 to his friend and partner [[Mariano Benlliure]].

In the field of arms is the monument to [[Luis Daoiz de Torres|Daoíz]] and [[Pedro Velarde y Santillán|Velarde]], Aniceto Marina's work. By the same artist is the sculpture dedicated to the list of people associated with the [[Revolt of the Comuneros|comunero]] [[Juan Bravo]], made in 1921 and located in the heart of the city at the Square of the Sirens, the name given to two statues that top the stairs representing the [[Siren (mythology)|mythological beings]], which were made by Francisco Bellver in 1852. Other sculptures in the city include one devoted to physician [[Andrés Laguna]] made by the Segovian Florentino Trapero and located at Plaza de los Huertos, the bust of Lope de la Calle Martín, president of the provincial council, that was made by Emiliano Barral and can be seen in the square of San Facundo, or the monument "El Favorito" by Toribio García de Andrés in the early 20th century.

In addition to this series of monuments and sculptures some other religious images worth mentioning can be found in the quieter corners of the city. The most significant of these is the Virgin of the Aqueduct, located in the central niche of the monument at the [[Plaza]] del Azoguejo since the 16th century; it memorializes Colmenares. A series of virgins can also be found at the Fuencisla on Velarde Street, the los Remedios in front of San Juan Gate, the Socorro at the San Andrés Gate and the del Carmen on the street of its own name, among others.

Segovia also has a work by [[Luis Sanguino]], who lives in the city. It is "El Mesonero Mayor de Castilla" ("The Elder Hotelkeeper of Castile"), at the Plaza del Santo Espíritu.<ref name=castillo>{{cite web|url=http://castillodesanguino.com/index.php/luis-sanguino|title=Castillo de Sanguino - Luis Sanguino|date=24 August 2014|accessdate=5 July 2019|archive-date=24 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824091612/http://castillodesanguino.com/index.php/luis-sanguino|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Parks and gardens===
[[File:Jardin Alcazar Segovia.jpg|thumb|upright|Alcazar Gardens.]]
[[File:Plaza de la Artillería, Segovia 01.jpg|thumb|upright|Plaza de la Artillería]]
* The '''Alcazar Gardens''' was built in the plaza where the Old Cathedral and the Episcopal Palace existed before and was created on the occasion of the marriage of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] to [[Anne of Austria]] in 1570, removing the ruins that still existed. This, however, was not fully realized until the visit of [[Ferdinand VI of Spain|Ferdinand VI]] in the 18th century. Between 1816 and 1817 the first trees were planted, and enclosed with the fence that currently exists. They were destroyed by the fire suffered by the palace in 1862, and recovered again in 1882.
* The '''Garden of la Merced''' was the first public garden carried out by the city within the city walls. Named after the former Mercy convent that was located in the same place and came into existence in the middle 19th century with the planting of trees and installation of a fountain, later replaced by the current, broader and statelier plaza. There is also a child's playground available.
* '''Paseo del Salón''' is one of the oldest gardens in the city, since it was created in 1786 by the ''Economic Society of Friends of the Country of Segovia'', and two years later they began planting trees. In 1846 he set up various sources and replanted again in different species.
* '''Jardinillos of San Roque''', situated along the so-called "Paseo Nuevo" were open to the public in 1872, but ten years before a public fountain was placed in them. In 1943 they were the place where stood a pavilion dedicated to the Feria de Muestras, the building still stands and is one of the characteristic features of the gardens.
*Missionaries, The '''Garden of los Cañuelos'''
* The '''Gardens of los Huertos''' are named for the orchards occupy a premonstratensian friary. After the removal of the convent in 1836 with the first disentailment laws, the city claimed ownership of the land, a fact that occurred in 1897. In 1901 he began planting trees and structuring of the gardens, which has gradually been restored today.
* '''Alameda del Eresma'''
* '''Alameda de la Fuencisla'''
* '''Fromkes Garden'''
* '''Garden of la Plaza del Conde Alpuente'''
* '''Garden of la Plaza de Colmenares'''
* '''Garden of St. Augustine'''
* '''Parque de la Albuera'''
* '''Parque de la Dehesa'''
* '''Pinarillo de la Cuesta de los Hoyos'''
* '''Clamores Valley'''

==Economy==
The economy of Segovia revolves around metallurgy, agriculture, furniture, construction and tourism. The town itself plays host to thousands of day trippers from Madrid each year due to its popular attractions.

==Transport==
Segovia is served by the [[Autopista AP-61]] which opened in 2004. [[Segovia-Guiomar railway station]] provides a rail connection to [[Madrid Chamartín railway station|Madrid Chamartín]] and [[Valladolid-Campo Grande railway station|Valladolid-Campo Grande]] via the [[AVE]] network's [[Madrid–León high-speed rail line]]. Direct train travel from Madrid stations to Segovia is approximately 30 minutes. There is no airport in the city, the nearest airport is [[Madrid–Barajas Airport]], located {{convert|104|km|0|abbr=on}} south east of Segovia.

==Education==
The city of Segovia is home to a large number of primary schools and secondary schools, the oldest of which ([[IES Andrés Laguna]], founded in 1841) having been officially declared "of cultural interest". A high proportion of the student population attends state primary and secondary schools, while private schooling in Segovia is mostly religious in nature.

Segovia's premier higher education institution is [[IE University]], a business-oriented undergraduate university, building upon Instituto Empresa's successful MBA program at Madrid-based IE Business School. Also present is the Segovia campus of the [[University of Valladolid]], offering studies for careers in computer engineering, law, journalism, advertising and education.

==Culture==
===Museums===
* Gastronomic Museum of Segovia
* Museum of Segovia.
* Museum of Contemporary Art 'Esteban Vicente'
* Museum of the Bishop's Palace
* Museum del Pasado
* Museum of the Cathedral
* Museum Zuloaga
* House-Museum of Antonio Machado
* Museum of the Rodera-Robles Foundation
* Museum of Witch Craft
* Museum of Arms
* Museum of the Walls of Segovia
* Jewish Center

===MUCES===

'''MUCES''' (Muestra de Cine Europeo Ciudad de Segovia) is the Spanish acronym to The City of Segovia Festival of European Cinema, an annual film festival which takes place in the city since 2006, usually in November. It gives the wider public a chance to get to know quality European cinema and, above all, it offers the general public an opportunity to see European films which have not yet been commercially screened in Spain, but have been very successful with critics and audiences in their own countries. "My Cat Lives in Segovia" is one of the films presented to the audience.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.muces.es|title = MUCES. ''The City of Segovia Festival of European Cinema''|access-date = January 16, 2011}}</ref>

===Festivities===
[[File:Catedral de Segovia.jpg|thumb|Facade of the [[Segovia Cathedral|cathedral]] night view.]]
[[File:Segovia - Real Monasterio de Santa Maria del Parral 01.jpg|thumb|[[Santa Maria del Parral|Monastery of Saint Mary of Parral]].]]
* '''San Lorenzo''' (around August 10). It is the feast of one of the neighborhoods in the city.
* '''Fairs and Festivals of San Juan and San Pedro''' (late June). These feasts have been held since the 15th century.
* '''San Frutos''' (October 25): Patron saint of Segovia. At mid-morning the Carol of San Frutos is sung in the cathedral, after which there are often various activities in the Plaza Mayor, as a proclamation, a [[concert]] by the Band of the Segovian Musical Union, [[mycology]] exhibition, etc. In recent years, following the established tradition of drawn traditions of the sleeve, Segovia's [[pastry chef]]s have invented a dessert of the saint. On the last night to San Frutos the segovian congregate at the image of the saint who is at the door of the cathedral to see him turning the page of the book that she holds.
* '''Virgin of the Fuencisla''' (September 25): Patroness of Segovia. The biggest celebration day takes place during the last Sunday of the month. Two Thursdays before the Virgin up from her sanctuary in the Alameda of the Fuencisla to the cathedral to start the [[novena]] (her arrival at the Plaza Mayor is one of the most specific ones to be found in Segovia; it is typical to arrive when the clock of the Town Hall rings). During the following nine days, the novena in the cathedral is celebrated, when the Hymn of the Fuencisla is sung, and on the last Sunday the Virgin is returned to her shrine. Since the Virgin is Captain General of Artillery (indicated by the baton and the sash at her feet) from September 24, 1916, en route from the Cathedral Shrine an effigy of the Virgin is accompanied by cadets from the Artillery Academy and the band (which comes from the Academy of Toledo). In its trip from the Sanctuary to the Cathedral, the effigy is accompanied by the Cadets to Plaza del Azoguejo, where they sing a Salve. Until a few years ago, there were exhibitions of [[Jota (music)|Castilian Jotas]] in the Alameda de la Fuencisla with the arrival of the Virgin; but more recently Castilian Jotas are performed in the Azoguejo.
====Holy Week====
{{Main|Holy Week in Segovia}}

[[File:Nuestro Señor Jesús con la Cruz a Cuestas, de la Cofradía Penitencial de Nuestro Señor Jesús con la Cruz a Cuestas y María Santísima de las Angustias de A.D.E.MAR.jpg|thumb|[[Paso (float)|Paso]] during the Holy Week in Segovia.]]
The Holy Week is one of the most important cultural and religious events in all of Segovia, it is officially considered as a [[Fiestas of National Tourist Interest of Spain|Fiesta of National Tourist Interest]]. The earliests signs of a primitive Holy Week dates back to 1534, while the oldest brotherhood that currently marches through the city is the "Real Cofradía de la Santa y Venerable Esclavitud y del Santo Entierro del Cristo de los Gascones" which was founded in 1647 and accompanies the float of the ''Cristo de los Gascones'', which is dated around the 11th century.

The most important procession of the event is the "Procesión de los Pasos", in which all of the brotherhoods of Segovia march together from the [[Segovia Cathedral|cathedral]] to de [[Aqueduct of Segovia|acueduct]] in a way so that the floats represent chronologically the [[Passion of Jesus|Passion and Death of Christ]]. The brotherhoods that participate in the Holy Week are the following and march in the "Procesión de los Pasos" following the order in which they are mentioned:

* Oración en el Huerto (neighbourhood of San Lorenzo)
* Resurrección del Señor (neighbourhood of Nueva Segovia)
* Cristo con la cruz a Cuestas (ADEMAR association)
* Santo Cristo de la Cruz (neighbourhood of Cristo del Mercado)
* Santo Cristo de San Marcos (neighbourhood of San Marcos)
* Soledad al pie de la Cruz (neighbourhood of San Millán)
* Nuestra Señora de la Piedad (neighbourhood of San José)
* Real Cofradía de la Santa Esclavitud (neighbourhood of El Salvador)
* Feligresía de San Andrés (neighbourhood of San Andrés)
* Soledad Dolorosa (neighbourhood of Santa Eulalia)

=== Legends ===
There are many due to the longevity of the city, among the main ones are:

* Legend of the construction of the [[Aqueduct of Segovia|aqueduct]] by the devil;
* Legend of the rooks and the [[Iglesia de la Vera Cruz, Segovia|Church of Vera Cruz]];
* Legend of María del Salto, a Jew saved by [[Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church|the Virgin]] when she was going to fall off the cliff in La Fuencisla;
* Legend of the good bandit of the 19th century [[El Tuerto de Pirón]];<ref name=":1">{{cite book |title=Romances de El Tuerto de Pirón|url=https://www.segoviasur.com/romances-del-tuerto-piron-obra-literaria/|last=Calleja Guijarro|first=Tomás|publisher=Segovia Sur, D.L.|location=[[Espirdo]]|language=Spanish|format=Printed book : Poetry : Spanish (spa) : Ed. aum. and illustrated|year=2005|editor=Taller Imagen S.l.}}</ref>
* Legend of the street of Death and Life during the [[Revolt of the Comuneros|Comunera Revolution]];
* Legend of the [[La Mujer Muerta]] mountain;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-24 |title=10 leyendas y curiosidades de Segovia |url=https://www.sientecastillayleon.com/10-leyendas-y-curiosidades-de-segovia/ |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Siente Castilla y León |language=es}}</ref>
* Legend of the House of Crime, in the San Millán neighborhood;
* Legend of the Academy of Artillery about the ghost of a young medieval friar;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Segoviaudaz |date=2019-10-29 |title=Las siete leyendas más inquietantes |url=https://segoviaudaz.es/las-siete-leyendas-mas-inquietantes/ |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Segoviaudaz.es |language=es}}</ref>
* Legend of the prince and the aya (caretaker) about the fall of the infant Pedro, 12-year-old son of [[Henry II of Castile|Enrique II]] through a window of the alcázar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-17 |title=Las leyendas que quizá no conozcas del Alcázar de Segovia |url=https://www.20minutos.es/viajes/destinos/las-leyendas-que-quiza-no-conozcas-del-alcazar-de-segovia-4942011/ |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Viajes |language=es-ES}}</ref>
* Legend of [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso X El Sabio]] about God's punishment of his heresies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-21 |title=Leyenda del Alcazar de Segovia |url=https://espanafascinante.com/cultura-espanola/leyenda-del-alcazar-de-segovia/ |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=España Fascinante |language=es}}</ref>

There are also other different legends in the incorporated neighborhoods.

==Notable people==
*[[Jerónimo de Alcalá]] (physician and author)
*[[Víctor Barrio]] (bullfighter)
*[[Juan Bravo (rebel)|Juan Bravo]] (rebel)
*[[Isabel de Ceballos-Escalera]] (museum director and curator)
*[[Pedro Delgado]] (cyclist)
*[[Juan Valdivia]] (guitarist of [[Héroes del Silencio]])
*[[Andrés Laguna]] (humanist physician, pharmacologist and botanist)
*[[Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón|Arsenio Martínez-Campos]] (military officer)
*[[Manuel Pérez Brunicardi]] (ski mountaineer)
*[[Cayetano Redondo Aceña]] (politician, typographer and journalist)
*[[Elvira Sastre]] (poet)
*[[Abraham Senior|Don Abraham Senior Coronel]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=S&artid=474|title=SENIOR, ABRAHAM - JewishEncyclopedia.com|encyclopedia=jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref>
*[[Antonio Machado]] (poet)
*[[Aniceto Marinas]] (sculptor)

==Twin towns – sister cities==
Segovia is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=El 75% de los hermanamientos de Segovia con otros municipios está inactivo|url=https://www.elnortedecastilla.es/segovia/201606/20/hermanamientos-segovia-otros-municipios-20160620102334.html|website=elnortedecastilla.es|publisher=El Norte de Castilla|language=es|date=2016-06-20|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Побратимени градове|url=https://www.pleven.bg/bg/pobratimeni-gradove|website=pleven.bg|publisher=Pleven|language=bg|access-date=2019-01-02}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Gangdong District|Gangdong-gu]], Seoul, South Korea (2001)
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Navalcarnero]], Community of Madrid, Spain (1999)
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[San Bartolomé de Tirajana]], Gran Canaria, Spain (1996)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Tours]], Centre-Val de Loire, France (1972)
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Pleven]], Pleven Province, Bulgaria
*{{flagicon|PHL}} [[Lal-lo]], Cagayan, Philippines

==Antipode==
Segovia is the [[antipodes|Antipode]] of [[Masterton]], New Zealand.

==See also==
* [[Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia]] (1908–1975), [[Legitimists|Legitimist]] claimant to the [[List of French monarchs|French throne]]
* [[Church of San Andres (Cuellar)]]

== Footnotes and references ==
;Footnotes
{{notelist}}
;References
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links 
 |commonscat=yes
 |b=no |c=Segovia |d=no |mw=no |n=no |q=no |s=no
 |species=no |v=no |voy=Segovia |wikt=no
}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.turismodesegovia.com/ Official tourism office of Segovia]
* [http://www.demg-international.com Official Language Schools of Segovia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627174942/http://demg-international.com/ |date=2019-06-27 }}
* Segovia photo and video essay [http://www.holavalencia.net/2010/04/27/our-trip-to-segovia/ Part I] and [http://www.holavalencia.net/2010/04/29/our-trip-to-segovia-part-ii/ Part II]
* [http://hitchhikershandbook.com/country-guides/spain-2/segovia/ Segovia city guide] at [http://www.hitchhikershandbook.com HitchHikers Handbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517081504/http://hitchhikershandbook.com/ |date=17 May 2014 }}
* [https://besidestheobvious.net/2021/05/21/more-than-a-roman-aqueduct-10-reasons-to-visit-segovia-city/ More than a Roman aqueduct – 10 reasons to visit Segovia city]

{{World Heritage Sites in Spain}}
{{Municipalities in Segovia}}
{{Capitals of Provinces in Spain}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Segovia| ]]