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{{Short description|City in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland}}
{{Other places|Tarnow (disambiguation){{!}}Tarnow}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tarnów
| settlement_type = [[City with powiat rights|City county]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| color = #ffffff 
| photo1a = Ratusz w Tarnowie - 01.jpg{{!}}Town Hall
| photo1b = Bazylika katedralna w Tarnowie - 02.jpg{{!}}Tarnów Cathedral
| photo2a = Mauzoleum Bema w Tarnowie (po odrestaurowaniu).jpg{{!}}General Józef Bem Mausoleum
| photo2b = Dworzec kolejowy w Tarnowie - 1.jpg{{!}}Main railway station
| photo3a = Pierzeja północna Rynku w Tarnowie.jpg{{!}}Historic townhouses at the market square
| size = 260
| spacing = 2
| border = 0
}}
| image_caption = <small>{{hlist|From top, left to right: [[Tarnów Town Hall]]|[[Tarnów Cathedral]]|General Józef Bem Mausoleum|railway station|historic townhouses}}</small>
| image_flag = POL Tarnów flaga.svg
| flag_size = 70px
| image_shield = POL Tarnów COA.svg
| shield_size = 80px
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| coordinates = {{coord|50|00|45|N|20|59|19|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Lesser Poland Voivodeship|name=Lesser Poland}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties of Poland|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = City-County
| established_title3 = City rights
| established_date3 = 7 March 1330
| leader_party = [[Polish Initiative|IPL]]
| leader_title = City mayor
| leader_name = Jakub Kwaśny
| area_total_km2 = 72.4
| population_total = 105,922 {{decrease}} (35th)<ref name="population">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=7 August 2022|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Data for territorial unit 1263000.</ref>
| population_as_of = 31 December 2021
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 269000
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 33–100 to 33–110
| area_code = +48 14
| website = http://www.tarnow.pl
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = KT
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 9
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| elevation_max_m = 384 <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Martin’s Parish Church in Zawada |url=https://visitmalopolska.pl/en_GB/obiekt/-/poi/kosciol-sw-marcina-zawada |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250211051409/https://visitmalopolska.pl/en_GB/obiekt/-/poi/kosciol-sw-marcina-zawada |archive-date=2025-02-11 |access-date=2025-12-04 |website=VisitMalopolska |language=en-GB}}</ref>
}}
{{Historical populations|1950|37405|1960|70835|1970|85929|1980|105109|1990|121216|2000|120822|2010|114635|2020|107498|footnote=source <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Tarnow | title=Tarnów (Małopolskie) » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, noclegi, szkoły, regon, atrakcje, kody pocztowe, wypadki drogowe, bezrobocie, wynagrodzenie, zarobki, tabele, edukacja, demografia }}</ref>
}}
'''Tarnów''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈtarnuf|-|Pl-Tarnów.ogg}}) is a city in southeastern [[Poland]] with 105,922 inhabitants<ref name="population" /> and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants.{{TERYT}} The city is situated in the [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]]. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east–west connection from [[Lviv]] to [[Kraków]], and two additional lines, one of which links the city with the [[Slovakia|Slovak]] border.

Tarnów is known for its traditional [[architecture of Poland|Polish architecture]], which was influenced by foreign cultures and foreigners that once lived in the area, most notably [[Jews]], [[Germans]] and [[Austrians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.it.tarnow.pl/index.php/eng/Worth-seeing/Tarnow|title=Tarnów / Worth seeing / Tarnow and region – Tourist Information – Polski Biegun Ciepła * Polish Hot-Spot|first=Krzysztof|last=Gzyl|website=www.it.tarnow.pl|access-date=9 November 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002011429/http://www.it.tarnow.pl/index.php/eng/Worth-seeing/Tarnow|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Old Town, featuring 16th century [[tenements]], houses and defensive walls, has been preserved. Tarnów is also the warmest city of Poland, with the highest long-term mean annual temperature in the whole country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.it.tarnow.pl/index.php/eng/Worth-seeing/Did-you-know-that/Tarnow-the-warmest-place-in-Poland|title=Tarnów – the warmest place in Poland / Did you know that...? / Worth seeing / Tarnow and region – Tourist Information – Polski Biegun Ciepła * Polish Hot-Spot|first=Krzysztof|last=Gzyl|website=www.it.tarnow.pl|access-date=9 November 2017|archive-date=15 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015062640/http://www.it.tarnow.pl/index.php/eng/Worth-seeing/Did-you-know-that/Tarnow-the-warmest-place-in-Poland|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Companies headquartered in the city include Poland's largest chemical industry company [[Grupa Azoty]] and defence industry company [[Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów|ZMT]]. The city is currently subdivided into 16 districts and is a member of the Association of Polish Cities (''Związek Miast Polskich'').<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.miasta.pl/miasta |language=pl |title=Miasta członkowskie |access-date=25 September 2022}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Names and etymology}}Names and etymology==
{{see also|Names of Tarnów in different languages}}
The first documented mention of the settlement dates back to 1105, spelled as ''Tharnow''. The name later evolved to ''Tarnowo'' (1229), ''Tarnów'' (1327), and ''Tharnow'' (1473).<ref name="Kalendarium"/> The [[place name]] Tarnów is widely used in different forms across [[Slavic Europe]], and lands which used to be inhabited by [[Slavs]], such as eastern [[Germany]], [[Hungary]], and northern [[Greece]]. There is a German town, [[Tarnow, Germany|Tarnow]], Greek [[Tyrnavos]] (also spelled as Tirnovo), [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[Trnov]], Bulgarian [[Veliko Tarnovo]] and [[Malko Tarnovo]], as well as different Trnovos/Trnowos in [[Slovenia]], [[Slovakia]], [[Serbia]], [[Bosnia]], and [[North Macedonia]]. The name ''Tarnów'' comes from an early Slavic word ''trn/tarn'', which means "thorn", or an area covered by thorny plants.

==History==
Already in the mid-9th century, on the Tarnów's St. Martin Mount (Góra sw. Marcina, 2.5 kilometers from the centre of today's city), a [[Slavs|Slavic]] [[Gord (archaeology)|gord]] was established, probably by the [[Vistulans]]. Due to efforts of local archaeologists, we know that the size of the gord was almost 16 [[hectare]]s, and it was surrounded by a [[Defensive wall|rampart]]. The settlement was probably destroyed in the 1030s or the 1050s, during either a popular rebellion against Christianity (see [[Baptism of Poland]]), or Czech invasion of [[Lesser Poland]]. In the mid-11th century, a new gord was established on the Biała river. It was a royal property, which in the late 11th or early 12th century was handed over to the [[Tyniec]] [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] Abbey. The name Tarnów, with a different spelling, was for the first time mentioned in a document of [[Papal legate]], Cardinal [[Gilles de Paris (bishop)|Gilles de Paris]] (1124).<ref name="Kalendarium"/>

The first documented mention of Tarnów occurs in the year 1309, when a list of miracles of [[Kinga of Poland]] specifies a woman named Marta, who was resident of the settlement. In 1327, a knight named Spicymir ([[Leliwa coat of arms]]) purchased a village of Tarnów Wielki, and three years later, founded his own [[private town]]. On 7 March 1330, King [[Władysław I the Elbow-high]] granted [[Magdeburg rights]] to Tarnów. One year later, construction of a castle on the St. Martin Hill was completed by [[Castellan of Kraków]], [[Spycimir Leliwita]] of [[Leliwa coat of arms]] (its ruins can still be seen).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medievalheritage.eu/en/main-page/heritage/poland/tarnow-castle/ |title=Tarnów - Castle |website=medievalheritage.eu |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>

Tarnów remained in the hands of the Leliwa family, out of which in the 15th century the [[Tarnowski family]] emerged. In the 14th century, numerous [[Germans|German]] settlers immigrated from [[Kraków]] and [[Nowy Sącz]] (see [[Walddeutsche]], [[Ostsiedlung]]). During the 17th century [[Scottish people|Scottish]] immigrants began to come in large numbers. In 1528 the exiled [[King of Hungary]] [[János Szapolyai]] lived in the town.<ref>Zdzisław Spieralski, Jan Tarnowski 1488–1561, Warszawa 1977, pp. 124–125.</ref> The town prospered during the [[Polish Golden Age]], when it belonged to [[Hetman]] [[Jan Tarnowski]] (1488–1561). In the mid-16th century, its population was app. 1,200, with 200 houses located within town's [[defensive wall]] (the wall itself had been built in the mid-15th century, and expanded in the early 16th century). In 1467, the waterworks and sewage systems were completed, with large cisterns filled with drinking water built in the main market square. In the 16th century, during the period known as the [[Polish Golden Age]], Tarnów had a school, a synagogue, a [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] prayer house, Roman Catholic churches, and up to twelve [[Polish guilds|guilds]].

===Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth===
[[File:Tarnów. Plac Katedralny katedra Narodzenia NMP A 228 nagrobek Ostrogskich.jpg|thumb|left|170px|[[Tarnów Cathedral]] features one of the finest Renaissance and [[Mannerist architecture and sculpture in Poland|Mannerist]] tomb monuments in Poland.<ref>{{in lang|en}} {{cite book |title=The Penny cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge|year=1842 |page=66|chapter=Volume 24 |publisher=C. Knight|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22407}}</ref>]]

After the death of Jan Tarnowski (16 May 1561), [[Italy|Italian]] sculptor Jan Maria Padovano began creating one of the most beautiful examples of [[Renaissance]] [[headstone]]s in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. The monument of hetman Tarnowski is almost 14 meters tall, and stands in St. Anne Chapel, which is located in northern [[nave]] of the [[Tarnów Cathedral]]. Padovano completed his work in 1573; furthermore, he designed the [[Tarnów Town Hall|Renaissance town hall]], and oversaw its remodelling in the 1560s. At that time, in 28 [[Niche (architecture)|niches]] of the town hall were portraits of members of the [[Tarnowski family]] – from Spicymir Leliwita to [[Jan Krzysztof Tarnowski]], who died in 1567. In 1570 Tarnów became property of the [[Ostrogski family]], after [[Zofia Tarnowska]], the daughter of the hetman, married prince [[Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski]]. In 1588, after Konstanty's death, the town changed hands several times, belonging to different families, which slowed its development. Until the [[Partitions of Poland]], Tarnów belonged to the County of [[Pilzno]], [[Sandomierz Voivodeship]]. The town, like almost all locations of Lesser Poland, was devastated in October 1655, during the [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion of Poland]], and as a result, its population declined from 2,000 to 768. In 1723, the town became the property of the [[Sanguszko family]], which purchased it from the [[Lubomirski family]].

===Habsburg Empire===
[[File:Rynek i ratusz w Tarnowie - Zygmunt Vogel.jpg|thumb|right|Market Square in Tarnów in 1800, painting by [[Zygmunt Vogel]]]]

After the [[first partition of Poland]] (1772), Tarnów was annexed by the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]] as part of the new [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]], and remained in "Austrian" [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] until late 1918. Austrian subjugation brought changes, as the town ceased to be private property, became the seat of a county (German: kreis), and of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarnów]] (1783). On 14 March 1794, [[Józef Bem]] was born in Tarnów. In the 1830s, under the influence of events in [[Congress Kingdom of  Poland]] (see [[November Uprising]]), Tarnów emerged as a center of Polish conspiratorial organizations. Plans for a national uprising in Galicia failed in early 1846, when local peasants began murdering the nobility in the [[Galician slaughter]]. The massacre, led by [[Jakub Szela]] (born in [[Smarżowa]]), began on 18 February 1846. Szela's peasant units surrounded and attacked manor houses and settlements located in three counties – [[Sanok]], [[Jasło]], and Tarnów. According to Austrians, the revolt got out of hand and the Austrians had to put it down as they were subjugating a previously free people.

Tarnów went through the period of quick development in the second half of the 19th century, due to the program of construction of the railway system. In 1852, the town received rail connection with [[Kraków]], due to the [[Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis]], and in 1870, its population was 21,779. In 1878, [[gas lighting]] was introduced, and three years later, the first daily newspaper appeared. In 1888, the Diocese Museum was founded by Rev. Jozef Baba, and in 1910, Tarnów received modern waterworks, a power plant and a new complex of the main rail station. The city remained a hotspot of Polish conspirational activities, with up to 20% of all members of the [[Polish Legions in World War I]] coming from Tarnów and its area. On 10 November 1914, units of the [[Russian Imperial Army]] captured Tarnów, and remained in the city until 6 May 1915 (see [[Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive]]). In the early stages of the offensive, Tarnów was shelled by German-Austrian heavy artillery, which brought destruction to some of its districts.

===Second Polish Republic===
[[File:Landscape plan of the city of Tarnow, 1931.jpg|thumb|Landscape plan of the city of Tarnow, 1931]]

Tarnów was one of the first Polish cities to be freed during the rebirth of Poland following World War I. The Polish Legions liberated the city on the night of 30–31 October 1918. In the [[Second Polish Republic]], Tarnów belonged to [[Kraków Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Kraków Voivodeship]], and gave the newly established country many outstanding figures, such as [[Franciszek Latinik]] and [[Wincenty Witos]]. In early 1927, construction of a large chemical plant was initiated in the suburban village of {{ill|Świerczków|pl|Świerczków|vertical-align=sup}}, which is now a part of the industrial borough of [[Mościce]], a district of the city. Before the outbreak of [[World War II]], the population of Tarnów was 40,000, of which almost half were Jewish. On 28 August 1939, a German Nazi saboteur conducted the [[Tarnów rail station bomb attack]] killing 20 civilians and wounding 35, four days before the [[invasion of Poland]] by [[Nazi Germany]] and the outbreak of [[World War II]] in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.it.tarnow.pl/index.php/pol/Atrakcje/TARNOW/Ciekawostki/Taka-jest-historia/Zamach-bombowy-na-tarnowskim-dworcu-kolejowym |trans-title=Zamach bombowy na tarnowskim dworcu kolejowym |work=Taka jest historia |publisher=Tarnów i region at it.tarnow.pl |author=Krzysztof Gzyl |title=Bombing attack at the train station in Tarnów |year=2018 |language=pl}}</ref>

===World War II===
[[File:First transport to Auschwitz (Tarnów - 14th June 1940).png|thumb|right|[[First mass transport to Auschwitz concentration camp|First transport of Polish captives]] deported from Tarnów to [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] during [[German AB-Aktion in Poland]], June 1940]]

During the German invasion of Poland, the city was overrun by the [[Wehrmacht|German forces]] on 7 September 1939. Under [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German occupation]], Tarnów was incorporated into the [[General Government]] territory as the seat of the ''[[Kreishauptmannschaft|Kreishauptmanschaft]] Tarnow'' administrative unit in the [[Kraków District]] on 26 October 1939.

In September 1939, the ''[[Einsatzgruppen|Einsatzgruppe I]]'' entered the city to commit [[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation|atrocities against Poles]], and the ''Einsatzgruppe zbV'' entered to take over the Polish industry.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=Polish|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|pages=58–59}}</ref> Poles [[Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany|expelled]] in December 1939 from various places in German-annexed western Poland were deported in [[freight trains]] to Tarnów.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2017|title=Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945|language=Polish|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|pages=159–160|isbn=978-83-8098-174-4}}</ref> On 14 June 1940, [[First mass transport to Auschwitz concentration camp|the first mass transport]] left the Tarnów station to [[Auschwitz concentration camp]], with 728 Polish political prisoners,<ref>Wardzyńska (2009), p. 261</ref> including at least 67 underage boys.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kubica|first=Helena|editor-last=Kostkiewicz|editor-first=Janina|year=2020|title=Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945)|language=pl|location=Kraków|publisher=[[Jagiellonian University|Uniwersytet Jagielloński]], [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]|page=81|chapter=Polskie dzieci i młodzież w KL Auschwitz}}</ref> All throughout the [[German occupation of Poland]] Tarnów was an important center of the [[Armia Krajowa]] (AK) and other resistance organizations. In mid-1944 AK's 16th Infantry Regiment "Barbara" took part in [[Operation Tempest]]. After the [[Warsaw Uprising]], in October 1944, the Germans deported 3,000 Varsovians from the [[Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków|Dulag 121 camp]] in [[Pruszków]], where they were initially imprisoned, to Tarnów.<ref name=dul>{{cite web|url=http://dulag121.pl/encyklopediaa/transporty-z-obozu-dulag-121/|title=Transporty z obozu Dulag 121|website=Muzeum Dulag 121|accessdate=1 April 2021|language=pl}}</ref> Those Poles were mainly old people, ill people and women with children.<ref name=dul/> The [[Wehrmacht]] retreated from Tarnów on 18 January 1945, and the city was captured by the [[Red Army]], and then restored to Poland.

====The Jews of Tarnów====
[[File:Old Synagogue in Tarnów, 2023.jpg|thumb|right|Remaining [[Bema|bimah]] of the Old Synagogue of Tarnów]]

Before World War II, about 25,000 Jews lived in Tarnów.<ref name="ushmm.org-OTRS"/> Jews, whose recorded presence in the town went back to the mid-15th century, comprised about half of the town's total population. A large portion of Jewish business in Tarnów was devoted to [[garment]] and hat manufacturing. The Jewish community was ideologically diverse and included religious [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidim]], secular [[Zionism|Zionists]], and many more.<ref name="sztetl">[http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/tarnow/ Jewish Community in Tarnów] on [[Virtual Shtetl]], the [[Museum of the History of Polish Jews]] in [[Warsaw]].</ref>

Immediately following the German occupation of the city on 8 September 1939, the persecution of the Jews began. German units burned down most of the city's synagogues on 9 September and drafted Jews for forced-labor projects.<ref name="ushmm.org-OTRS"/> Tarnów was incorporated into the [[General Government|Generalgouvernement]]. Many Tarnów Jews fled to the east, while a large influx of refugees from elsewhere in occupied Poland continued to increase the town's Jewish population. In early November, the Germans ordered the establishment of a Jewish council ([[Judenrat]]) to transmit orders and regulations to the Jewish community. Among the duties of the Jewish council were enforcement of special taxation on the community and providing workers for forced labor.<ref name="sztetl"/>

[[File:Jewish man humiliated and tortured by German policemen in Tarnów ghetto.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Jewish men humiliated and tortured by German policemen]]

During 1941, life for the Jews of Tarnów became increasingly precarious.<ref name="ushmm.org-OTRS"/> The Germans imposed a large collective fine on the community. Jews were required to hand in their valuables. Roundups for labor became more frequent and killings became more commonplace and arbitrary. Deportations from Tarnów began in June 1942, when about 13,500 Jews were sent to the [[Belzec extermination camp]]. The first major act in the extermination of the Jews of Tarnów was the so-called "first operation" from 11–19 June 1942. The Germans gathered thousands of Jews in the Rynek (market place), and then they were tortured and killed. During this time period, on the streets of the town and in the Jewish cemetery, about 3,000 Jews were shot; in the woods of [[Zbylitowska Góra]] a few kilometers away from Tarnów a further 7,000 were murdered.<ref>[http://www.muzeum.tarnow.pl/judaica/przewodnik/baedeker.htm Adam Bartosz, In the footsteps of the Jews of Tarnów, 2007] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302233705/http://www.muzeum.tarnow.pl/judaica/przewodnik/baedeker.htm |date=2 March 2012 }}</ref> According to a document from Michal Borawski born in 1926, featured at the entry of the Bimah as part of the panel offered by the Batory Foundation, the street stairs ("małe schody" or little stairs) from the town-center to the Bernardynski street (where the Bernardine Monastery is located), had to be cleaned of the blood by the local fire brigade for three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.batory.org.pl/en/about-us/ |title=Batory Foundation English homepage |publisher=Batory.org.pl |access-date=26 September 2013}}</ref> 

Poles gave shelter to several Jewish escapees from the ghetto, however, several Poles were eventually captured and murdered by the Germans for [[Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust|rescuing Jews]].<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Rejestr faktów represji na obywatelach polskich za pomoc ludności żydowskiej w okresie II wojny światowej|year=2014|language=Polish|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|pages=344, 414, 419}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Datner|first=Szymon|year=1968|title=Las sprawiedliwych|language=Polish|location=Warszawa|publisher=Książka i Wiedza|page=50}}</ref> Many Poles were imprisoned by the Germans in the local prison for rescuing and helping Jews and then often deported to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] and other [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camps]], in which some died, while some fortunately survived until the end of the war.<ref>''Rejestr faktów represji na obywatelach polskich za pomoc ludności żydowskiej w okresie II wojny światowej'', pp. 212, 220, 238, 245, 251, 256, 274, 280, 308</ref>

After the June deportations, the Germans forced the surviving Jews of Tarnów, along with thousands of Jews from neighboring towns, into the new [[Tarnów Ghetto]]. The ghetto was surrounded by a high wooden fence. Living conditions in the ghetto were deplorable, marked by severe food shortages, a lack of sanitary facilities, and a forced-labor regimen in factories and workshops producing goods for the German war industry. In September 1942, the Germans ordered all ghetto residents to report to Targowica Square, where they were subjected to a 'selection' in which those deemed 'non-essential' were singled out for deportation to Belzec. About 8,000 people were deported. Thereafter, deportations from Tarnów to [[extermination camp]]s continued sporadically; the Germans deported a group of 2,500 in November 1942.<ref name="ushmm.org-OTRS"/>

====Holocaust resistance====
In the midst of the 1942 deportations, some Jews in Tarnów organized a [[Jewish resistance under Nazi rule|Jewish resistance movement]]. Many of the resistance leaders were young Zionists involved in the [[Hashomer Hatzair]] youth movement. Many of those who left the ghetto to join the partisans fighting in the forests later fell in battle with [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] units. Other resisters sought to establish escape routes to [[Hungary]], but with limited success. The Germans decided to destroy the Tarnów ghetto in September 1943. The surviving 10,000 Jews were deported, 7,000 of them to Auschwitz and 3,000 to the [[Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp|Plaszow]] concentration camp in Kraków. In late 1943, Tarnów was declared "free of Jews" (Judenrein). By the end of the war, the overwhelming majority of Tarnów Jews had been murdered by the Germans. Although 700 Jews returned in 1945, some of them soon left the city. Many moved to [[Israel]].<ref name="ushmm.org-OTRS">{{cite web|url=https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005461 |title=Tarnow |publisher=Ushmm.org |at=[[OTRS]] Ticket |access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref>

====Property restoration====
The church of Our Lady of the Scapular in Tarnów was built on a plot that was illegally obtained by the [[parish]] from the descendants of Jewish [[Holocaust survivors]]. In 2016, following a lengthy legal battle, a three judge panel found the church had acted in bad faith and had no legal rights to the property. A year later the case was re-opened after the church appealed to the local district attorney, with the personal involvement of [[Ministry of Justice (Poland)|Minister of Justice]] [[Zbigniew Ziobro]].<ref name="Guardian 2019-08-31">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/31/one-holocaust-descendants-fight-for-justice-they-stole-not-just-our-land-but-my-familys-history |title=One Holocaust descendant's fight for justice: 'They stole not just our land, but my family's history' |last=Szego |first=Julie |date=31 August 2019 |work=The Guardian |access-date=4 October 2019 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="Haaretz 2019-09-08">{{Cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/features/2019-09-08/ty-article-magazine/.premium/jewish-woman-who-discovered-a-church-was-built-on-her-family-land-wants-it-back/0000017f-e998-d62c-a1ff-fdfb0bac0000 |title=A Church Was Built on Holocaust Survivor's Land in Poland. Her Daughter Wants It Back |last=Aderet |first=Ofer |date=8 September 2019 |work=Haaretz |access-date=4 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

===Post-war period===
[[File:Budynek Teatru im. Ludwika Solskiego w Tarnowie.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ludwik Solski]] Theatre]]

A few months later, the Museum of Tarnów Land was opened, and Tarnów began a postwar recovery. In 1957, State Theatre of [[Ludwik Solski]] was opened. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the [[Tarnów Voivodeship]].

==Geography==
Tarnów lies at the [[Carpathian]] foothills, on the [[Dunajec]] and the [[Biała (Dunajec)|Biała]] rivers. The area of the city is {{convert|72.4|km2}}. It is divided into sixteen districts, known in Polish as [[osiedle|osiedla]]. A few kilometers west of the city lies the district of [[Mościce]], built in the late 1920s, together with a large chemical plant. Located to the southeast is [[Saint Martin's Peak]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrzej Matuszczyk |title=Pogórze Karpackie |trans-title=Carpathian Foothills|location= Tarnów |year=1995 |isbn= 83-903260-1-9}}</ref> The district was named after President of Poland, [[Ignacy Mościcki]].<ref name="Kalendarium">{{cite web|title=Kalendarium miasta Tarnowa|url=http://www.tarnow.pl/Miasto/Ciekawostki/Historia-miasta/Kalendarium|author=Gmina Miasta Tarnowa|access-date=1 April 2016}}</ref>

===Climate===
Its climate is classified as marine west coast (''Cfb'') by [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]. Tarnów is one of the warmest cities in Poland. The average temperature in January is {{convert|-0.4|°C|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|19.8|°C|0|abbr=on}} in July.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N50E020+1202+0005992G2 |title=TARNW, Weather History and Climate Data |publisher=Worldclimate.com |date=4 February 2007 |access-date=6 May 2009}}</ref> It is claimed that Tarnów has the longest summer in Poland spreading from mid May to mid September (above 118 days).

{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Tarnów (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 15.8
| Feb record high C = 20.6
| Mar record high C = 25.5
| Apr record high C = 31.1
| May record high C = 33.4
| Jun record high C = 36.1
| Jul record high C = 37.7
| Aug record high C = 37.9
| Sep record high C = 36.8
| Oct record high C = 27.6
| Nov record high C = 22.1
| Dec record high C = 19.5
| year record high C = 37.9
| Jan high C = 2.1
| Feb high C = 4.0
| Mar high C = 8.8
| Apr high C = 15.5
| May high C = 20.4
| Jun high C = 23.7
| Jul high C = 25.6
| Aug high C = 25.5
| Sep high C = 19.9
| Oct high C = 14.4
| Nov high C = 8.3
| Dec high C = 3.2
| year high C = 14.3
| Jan mean C = -1.1
| Feb mean C = 0.2
| Mar mean C = 3.9
| Apr mean C = 9.7
| May mean C = 14.4
| Jun mean C = 17.9
| Jul mean C = 19.6
| Aug mean C = 19.1
| Sep mean C = 14.1
| Oct mean C = 9.4
| Nov mean C = 4.7
| Dec mean C = 0.3
| year mean C = 9.4
| Jan low C = -4.0
| Feb low C = -3.0
| Mar low C = -0.1
| Apr low C = 4.3
| May low C = 8.7
| Jun low C = 12.2
| Jul low C = 13.9
| Aug low C = 13.4
| Sep low C = 9.3
| Oct low C = 5.4
| Nov low C = 1.8
| Dec low C = -2.5
| year low C = 5.0
| Jan record low C = -30.3
| Feb record low C = -28.2
| Mar record low C = -24.6
| Apr record low C = -7.5
| May record low C = -3.2
| Jun record low C = 0.2
| Jul record low C = 5.5
| Aug record low C = 2.9
| Sep record low C = -3.0
| Oct record low C = -7.8
| Nov record low C = -15.8
| Dec record low C = -27.6
| year record low C = -30.3
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 34.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 33.7
| Mar precipitation mm = 38.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 53.2
| May precipitation mm = 92.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 92.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 107.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 66.4
| Sep precipitation mm = 71.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 51.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 38.0
| Dec precipitation mm = 33.2
| year precipitation mm = 713.2
| Jan snow depth cm = 9.2
| Feb snow depth cm = 11.2
| Mar snow depth cm = 6.1
| Apr snow depth cm = 2.3
| May snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0
| Oct snow depth cm = 0.5
| Nov snow depth cm = 4.3
| Dec snow depth cm = 5.7
| year snow depth cm = 
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 17.07
| Feb precipitation days = 14.66
| Mar precipitation days = 14.77
| Apr precipitation days = 13.37
| May precipitation days = 15.03
| Jun precipitation days = 14.57
| Jul precipitation days = 14.97
| Aug precipitation days = 11.87
| Sep precipitation days = 12.47
| Oct precipitation days = 13.17
| Nov precipitation days = 13.21
| Dec precipitation days = 15.08
| year precipitation days = 170.22
| unit snow days = 0 cm
| Jan snow days = 18.6
| Feb snow days = 16.7
| Mar snow days = 7.3
| Apr snow days = 1.1
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.4
| Nov snow days = 5.3
| Dec snow days = 12.7
| year snow days = 62.1
| Jan humidity = 82.2
| Feb humidity = 79.1
| Mar humidity = 73.6
| Apr humidity = 68.2
| May humidity = 70.7
| Jun humidity = 72.1
| Jul humidity = 73.2
| Aug humidity = 73.9
| Sep humidity = 78.9
| Oct humidity = 80.9
| Nov humidity = 82.9
| Dec humidity = 83.2
| year humidity = 76.6
| Jan sun = 51.3
| Feb sun = 69.9
| Mar sun = 120.1
| Apr sun = 176.2
| May sun = 222.0
| Jun sun = 230.0
| Jul sun = 240.3
| Aug sun = 235.6
| Sep sun = 155.0
| Oct sun = 115.9
| Nov sun = 60.9
| Dec sun = 45.6
| year sun = 1722.7
|source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management<ref name=IMGWtavg>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| archive-date = 3 December 2021
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| title = Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmin>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| title = Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmax>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| title = Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecip>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| archive-date = 9 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| title = Miesięczna suma opadu
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecipdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| title = Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdepth>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| title = Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| archive-date = 21 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsun>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| title = Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)<ref name=recordhigh>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=350200575&par=tmax&max_empty=3
| title = Tarnów Absolutna temperatura maksymalna
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=recordlow>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=350200575&par=tmin&max_empty=3
| title = Tarnów Absolutna temperatura minimalna
| date = 6 April 2018
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=relativehumidity>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=350200575&par=rh&max_empty=3
| title = Tarnów Średnia wilgotność
| date = 6 April 2018
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref>
| date = August 2010
}}

==Economy==
[[File:Tarnow Zaklady Azotowe 2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Grupa Azoty]] headquarters in Tarnów's industrial district [[Mościce]]]]

Tarnów is an important center of [[economy]] and [[Industrial sector|industry]]. The city has chemical plants including Zakłady Azotowe w Tarnowie-Mościcach S.A., which is part of Poland's biggest company operating within the chemical sector [[Grupa Azoty]], Becker Farby Przemysłowe Sp. z o.o., Summit Packaging Polska Sp. z o.o.; as well as food plants (Fritar), building materials (Leier Polska S.A., Bruk-Bet), textiles (Spółdzielnia "Tarnowska Odzież, Tarnospin, Tarkonfex"), and several warehouses, as well as a distribution center of the [[Lidl]] supermarket chain. Tarnów is an important center of [[natural gas]] industry, with headquarters of three different gas corporations.<ref name="Kalendarium"/>

Another significant company based in Tarnów is the [[Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów]] operating in the [[defence industry]]. It manufactures handguns, assault rifles, sniper rifles and anti-air guns. It is part of the state-controlled Bumar Corporation.

Among the major shopping malls in Tarnów are the Gemini Park Tarnów and Galeria Tarnovia.

== Transport ==
[[File:Stacja_kolejowa_Tarnów-Mościce.Pawlo68.JPG|thumb|left|Railway station in Tarnów Mościce (1976) was registered as a historical monument of [[modern architecture]] (2021).]]

Tarnów is an important road and rail hub. It lies at the intersection of two major roads – the [[File:A4-PL.svg|30px|link=A4 autostrada (Poland)]] motorway along [[European route E40]], and the National Road No. 73, which goes from [[Kielce]] to [[Jasło]]. Furthermore, the city is a rail junction, with four lines: three main electrified routes (westward to [[Kraków]], eastward to [[Dębica]] and southward to [[Nowy Sącz]]), as well as secondary-importance local connection to [[Szczucin]]. The history of rail transport in Tarnów dates back to the year 1856, when the [[Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis]] reached the city. The architectural complex of Tarnów Main Station, fashioned after the [[Lviv railway station]] was completed in 1906 in the [[Austrian Partition]] of Poland. Since 2010, Tarnów station houses a gallery of modern art, the only such gallery located in a rail station in Poland. Tarnów also has three additional stations: Tarnów Mościce, as well as Tarnów Północny and Tarnów Klikowa, both of which are currently out of service.

The city's public transport system consists of 29 municipal bus routes, which provide convenient transportation to all districts. In 1911–1942 Tarnów had a [[tram]] line, with the length of 2.5 kilometres, since replaced by buses.<ref name="Kalendarium"/>

==Politics==
Members of Parliament ([[Sejm]]) elected from Tarnów [[constituency]] in 2005 included: [[Urszula Augustyn]], [[Civic Platform|PO]], [[Edward Czesak]], [[Law and Justice (Poland)|PiS]], [[Aleksander Grad]], PO, [[Barbara Marianowska]], PiS, [[Józef Rojek]], PiS, [[Wiesław Woda]], [[Polish People's Party|PSL]] and [[Michał Wojtkiewicz]], PiS. Member of the European Parliament elected in 2007, and Consul General at the [[Polish Consulate General, New York City|Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in New York City]], was [[Urszula Gacek]], PO, EPP-ED.

== Tourism ==
{{wide image|Tarnow City Hall Tower view.jpg|1200px|Panorama of the Old Town in Tarnów}}
Tarnów is an important tourist, cultural and economic center in [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]]. The old town of Tarnów, called the "pearl of the Polish Renaissance", is one of the most beautiful examples of the Renaissance architectural layout of Polish cities. In 2022, [[CNN]] included Tarnów on the list of "Europe's most beautiful towns".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/beautiful-towns-europe/index.html |title=Europe’s most beautiful towns |website=cnn.com |author=Julia Buckley |date=8 August 2022 |access-date=5 May 2024}}</ref>

'''Tourist Information'''

Detailed information about the city, tourist attractions, cultural events and other things are provided by Tourist Information Center, located in the southern part of Main Square. Office is well equipped with a wide variety of brochures and souvenirs, it also serves as a bike rental spot, luggage storage and small guesthouse (4 rooms/8 beds).

'''Tourist Information Center'''
* Rynek 7, 33–100 Tarnów V-IX.<ref>[http://www.it.tarnow.pl/index.php/eng Tourist Information Center]</ref>

== Attractions ==
Points of interest around the city include:
{| width="98%"
|-
|valign="top" width="46%"|
* Market Square in the Old Town, with the medieval urban layout of streets and tenement houses, some from the [[Renaissance]] period
* [[Tarnów Town Hall|Town Hall]] (14th century, rebuilt in 16th century)
* [[Tarnów Cathedral]] (14th century)
* [[Mikołajowski House in Tarnów|Mikołajowski House]] (1524), the oldest tenement house in Tarnow
* Remains of the Tarnowski family castle
* Remains of the Old Synagogue
* Remains of the 14th – 16th century defensive wall
* 16th century two [[fortified tower]]s
* Jewish Cemetery (1583)
* Holy Trinity church (1597)
* Wooden Church of Our Lady of the Scapular (1589)
* Bernadine Abbey complex (1776)
|valign="top"|
* Late 16th century [[Florentine House in Tarnów|Florentine House]]
* 18th and 19th century manor houses in the suburbs
* Exaltation of the Holy Cross Church (1776)
* Old Cemetery (late 18th century)
* [[Sanguszko Palace]] (1799)
* Railway Station (1855)
* Strzelecki City Park (1866)
* Nalepówka Villa (1860s)
* Diocesan Museum in Tarnów (1888)
* Church of the Holy Family (1906)
* [[Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski]] villa in [[Mościce]] (1928)
* General [[Józef Bem]] [[Mausoleum]] (1929)
* Modernist Church of the Holiest Heart of Jesus (1935)
* Modernist Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary Queen of Poland (1956)
|}

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Tarnow Rynek 20080708 4154.jpg|Market Square with historic and colourful [[tenements]]
File:Tarnow ratusz ffolas 03.jpg|[[Tarnów Town Hall|Town hall]]
File:Katedra i Plac Katedralny w Tarnowie.jpg|[[Cathedral Basilica of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Tarnów|Cathedral of the Nativity]]
File:Dom Mikołajowski w Tarnowie - 2.jpg|[[Mikołajowski House in Tarnów|Mikołajowski House]]
File:Półbaszta w Tarnowie - 1.jpg|16th-century [[fortified tower]]
File:Bima Starej Synagogi w Tarnowie.jpg|Existing remains of the old synagogue
File:Plac Kazimierza Wielkiego z domem Tertila w Tarnowie.jpg|Casimir Square
File:Holy Family Church, 41 Krakowska street, Tarnów, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland.jpg|[[Gothic Revival]] Church of the Holy Family
File:Tarnow dworzec 5.jpg|Railway station in Tarnów
File:Mauzoleum generała Józefa Bema w Tarnowie - 1.jpg|Tomb of General [[Józef Bem]], national hero of Poland, [[Hungary]] and the former [[Ottoman Empire]]
File:Budynek Miejskiej Kasy Oszczędnościowej w Tarnowie - 18.jpg|Historic building of the Municipal Savings Bank
File:Tarnów ul. Jarzębinowa 9 willa Kwiatkowskiego A 63M 697946.jpg|[[Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski]] villa in [[Mościce]]
</gallery>

==Education==
[[File:PWSZ Tarnow.jpg|thumb|280px|University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów]]

* University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, UAS (Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Tarnowie, ANS)
* Lesser Poland Higher School of Economics (Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna)
* Higher School of Business (Wyższa Szkoła biznesu)
* Higher Theological Seminary in Tarnów (Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Tarnowie, WSD)
* [[John Paul II High School in Tarnów]] (IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jana Pawła II w Tarnowie)

==Sports==
[[File:Uniat.jpg|thumb|[[Unia Tarnów (motorcycle speedway)|Unia Tarnów]] [[motorcycle speedway|speedway]] team in 2007]]

The list features selected sport teams based in Tarnów:

* [[Unia Tarnów (speedway)|Unia Tarnów]] – [[Motorcycle speedway|speedway]] team, Polish Champions in 2004, 2005 and 2012. They race at the [[Jaskółcze Gniazdo Municipal Stadium]] and are sponsored by [[Mościce]] Nitrate Factory and is also popularly known as ''Jaskółki'' (Swallows).
* [[Unia Tarnów (football)|ZKS Unia Tarnów]] – Zakładowy Klub Sportowy Unia Tarnów (Workplace Sports Club United Tarnów) – [[association football]] team, which plays in the lower leagues
* [[Tarnovia Tarnów]] – association football team, which plays in the lower leagues, but played in [[Ekstraklasa|Poland's top division]] in the past, most recently in [[1948 Ekstraklasa|1948]]
* [[Unia Tarnów (basketball)|Unia Wisła Paged Tarnów]] – men's basketball team, which plays in the lower leagues, but played in [[Polish Basketball League|Poland's top division]] in the past, most recently in 2007
* Grupa Azoty Unia Tarnów – men's handball team playing in the [[Polish Superliga]]
* Roleski Grupa Azoty PWSZ Tarnów – women's volleyball team playing in the [[Polish Women's Volleyball League|TAURON Liga]], the highest level of women's volleyball played in Poland

==Religion==
Besides Catholics, other Christian denominations are also present in Tarnów including Baptist Church, Free Brothers Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Methodist Church, Pentecostal Church, Seventh-day Adventist Church and the non-denominational Evangelical Movement "The Lord is my Banner". Before World War II there was a large population of Jews comprising half of the city's population, but now there remain just monuments of their past presence.

According to 2007 Catholic Church statistics provided by the Instytut Statystyki Kościoła Katolickiego [[Pallottines|SAC]], Tarnów is the most religious city in Poland, with 72.5% of the congregation of the Diocese of Tarnów attending Mass.

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

===Twin towns – sister cities===
Tarnów is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref name=sister>{{cite web|title=Miasta Partnerskie|url=http://www.tarnow.pl/Miasto/Urzad-Miasta-Tarnowa/Miasta-Partnerskie|access-date=1 May 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502005344/http://www.tarnow.pl/Miasto/Urzad-Miasta-Tarnowa/Miasta-Partnerskie|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagicon|SVK}} [[Trenčín]] in [[Slovakia]]
* {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Kiskőrös]] in [[Hungary]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Testvértelepülések|url=http://www.kiskoros.hu/?mid=67&page=page&name=testvertelepulesek|access-date=30 April 2014}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Schoten]] in [[Belgium]]
* {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Blackburn]] in [[United Kingdom]]
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Casalmaggiore]] in [[Italy]]
* {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Veszprém]] in [[Hungary]]
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Nowy Sącz]] in [[Poland]]<ref name="Nowy Sącz twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.nowysacz.pl/miasta_partnerskie|title=Miasta partnerskie i zaprzyjaźnione Nowego Sącza|access-date = 1 August 2013|work=Urząd Miasta Nowego Sącza|language=pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523172036/http://www.nowysacz.pl/miasta_partnerskie|archive-date=23 May 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Bila Tserkva]] in [[Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Vinnytsia]] in [[Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Udine]] in [[Italy]]
{{div col end}}

Former twin towns:
* {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Ternopil]] in [[Ukraine]]

In June 2021, the Tarnów city council decided to suspend its partnership with the Ukrainian town of [[Ternopil]] as a reaction to the naming of a stadium in Ternopil in honour of [[Roman Shukhevych]], one of the leaders of the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] responsible for [[massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia]] perpetrated between 1943–1945.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://web1.radiokrakow.pl/aktualnosci/tarnow/tarnow-zawiesza-wspolprace-z-tarnopolem | language = pl | title = Tarnów zawiesza współpracę z Tarnopolem | access-date = 14 September 2021 | archive-date = 14 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210914162840/https://web1.radiokrakow.pl/aktualnosci/tarnow/tarnow-zawiesza-wspolprace-z-tarnopolem | url-status = dead }}</ref>

* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Kotlas]] in [[Russia]]

In March 2022, the Tarnów city council decided to suspend its partnership with the Russian town of [[Kotlas]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.tarnow.pl/Miasto/Wspolpraca-miedzynarodowa/Miasta-partnerskie/Kotlas-Rosja | language = pl | title = Miasta partnerskie | access-date = 14 December 2025}}</ref>

==Notable people==
[[File:Józef Bem 111.JPG|thumb|130px|[[Józef Bem]]]]
[[File:Cyrankiewicz.jpg|thumb|130px|[[Józef Cyrankiewicz]]]]
[[File:Jacek Dukaj1.jpg|thumb|130px|[[Jacek Dukaj]]]]
[[File:Wilhelm Sasnal 2022a.jpg|thumb|130px|[[Wilhelm Sasnal]]]]
[[File:Jan Amor Tarnowski.PNG|thumb|130px|[[Jan Tarnowski|Jan Amor Tarnowski]]]]
{{Category see also|People from Tarnów}}

* [[Józef Bem]] (1794–1850), Polish engineer, general and Ottoman [[pasha]]<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bem, Josef |volume= 3 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| page = 713 |short=1 }}</ref>
{{div col}}
* [[Stella Bloch]] (1897–1999), American artist, dancer and journalist
* [[Roman Brandstaetter]] (1906–1987), writer
* [[Marian Curyło]] (born 1955), politician and businessman
* [[Józef Cyrankiewicz]] (1911–1989), communist politician, prime minister of [[People's Republic of Poland|Poland]]
* [[Charles Denner]] (1926–1995), French actor
* [[Jan Drohojowski]] (1901–1979), diplomat
* [[Jacek Dukaj]] (born 1974), writer
* [[Stefan Filipkiewicz]] (1879–1944), painter
* [[Ignace Gelb|Ignace J(ay). Gelb]] (1907–1985), Polish-American ancient historian, Assyriologist
* [[Allan Gray (composer)|Allan Gray]] (born ''Josef Żmigród'', 1902–1973), composer
* [[Michał Heller]] (born 1936), philosopher
* [[Marcin Hycnar]] (born 1983), actor
* [[Natalia Kałucka]] (born 2001), competition climber
* [[Bartosz Kapustka]] (born 1996), footballer
* [[Naphtali Keller]] (1834–1865), Jewish scholar; son of [[Israel Mendel Keller]]<ref name="jewishencyclopedia.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=165&letter=K |title=Kellner, Leon |publisher=JewishEncyclopedia.com |access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref>
* [[Mateusz Klich]] (born 1990), footballer
* [[Tadeusz Klimecki]] (1895–1943), chief of Polish General Staff
* [[Renata Knapik-Miazga]] (born 1988), épée fencer
* [[:es:José Krakover|José Krakover]] (1883–1957), Argentinian Jewish photographer
* [[Andrzej Krasicki]] (1918–1995), film and theatre actor and theatre director
* [[Krystyna Kuperberg]] (born 1944), mathematician
* [[Franciszek Latinik]] (1864–1949), military officer 
* [[Siegfried Lipiner]] (1856–1911), Galician-Austrian Jewish poet<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=439&letter=L |title=Lipiner, Siegfried |publisher=JewishEncyclopedia.com |access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref>
* [[Andrew Odlyzko]] (born 1949), mathematician
* [[Anny Ondra]] (1903–1987), Czech film actress
* [[:pl:Stanisław Opałko|Stanisław Opałko]] (1911–1993), industrialist and politician
* [[Ksawery Masiuk]] (born 2004), swimmer
* [[Lidia Morawska]] (born 1952), physicist<ref>{{cite web| url = https://przemysl.naszemiasto.pl/rozmowa-z-lidia-morawska/ar/c10-5679825 |language = pl |title=Rozmowa z Lidią Morawską|website=przemysl.naszemiasto.pl|date = 16 January 2003 | access-date = 17 September 2021}}</ref>
* [[Agata Mróz-Olszewska]] (1982–2008), volleyball player and two-time European Champion
* [[Luke Nosek]] (born 1975), Polish-American entrepreneur, co-founder of [[PayPal]]
* [[Tony Rickardsson]] (born 1970), motorcycle speedway rider, honorable resident since 2006
* [[Ignacy Schiper]] (1884–1943), Jewish historian and politician
* [[Eustachy Stanisław Sanguszko]] (1842–1903), nobleman, conservative politician
* [[Wilhelm Sasnal]] (born 1972), painter
* [[Jan Szczepanik]] (1872–1926), inventor
* [[Jan Tarnowski]] (1488–1561), nobleman and [[Hetman]]<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Tarnowski, Jan |volume= 26 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| pages = 429&ndash;430 |short=1 }}</ref>
* [[Jan of Tarnów]] ({{circa|1349–1409}}), nobleman
* [[Jan of Tarnów (1367–1433)|Jan of Tarnów]] (1367–1433), nobleman
* [[Rafał z Tarnowa]] ({{circa|1330–1373}}), nobleman 
* [[Zofia Vetulani]] (1893–1981), civil servant, social and political activist
* Rabbi [[Marcus Weissmann-Chajes]] (1830–1914), Jewish scholar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=114&letter=W |title=Weissmann-Chajes, Marcus |publisher=JewishEncyclopedia.com |access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref>
* Rabbi [[Salo Wittmayer Baron]] (1895–1989), Jewish historian
* [[Jan Wojnarski]] (1879–1937), painter and graphic artist
* [[Marcin Wrona]] (1973–2015), film director
* [[Franciszek Zachara]] (1898–1966), composer and pianist
* [[Maciej Zembaty]] (1944–2011), artist and comedian
{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Lesser Poland]]
*[[List of cities and towns in Poland]]
*[[Akademiola (Tarnów)]]
*[[Tarnów city walls]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Note==
* ''This article incorporates text from the [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]], and has been released under the [[GFDL]]'' as [http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005461 "Tarnow".]<sup>&nbsp;[https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketSearch&Subaction=Search&TicketNumber=https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketID=989004&ArticleID=1222637&QueueID=58 OTRS ticket number.]</sup>

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Tarnow |volume= 26 | page = 429 |short=1 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070504040838/http://www.tarnow.pl/english/index1.php City of Tarnów] English version of Tarnów's official webpage
* {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|532666|Tarnów, Poland}}

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[[Category:Tarnów| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lesser Poland Voivodeship]]
[[Category:City counties of Poland]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Poland]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]