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{{MoS-guideline|MOS:CANADA|WP:CANSTYLE|WP:MOSCAN|MOS:CA}}
{{Wikipedia subcat guideline|naming convention|places}}
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This is a summary of current styles and conventions on Wikipedia for Canadian-related articles, as determined by application of Wikipedia policies, existing practice and current consensus among the users of [[Wikipedia:Canadian Wikipedians' notice board]].

This document may be added to as needed. However, if you believe that a guideline listed here should be ''changed'', then please solicit consensus at [[Wikipedia talk:Canadian Wikipedians' notice board]] rather than changing the guideline unilaterally.

==Canadian English ==
{{Details|WP:ENGVAR}}
[[Canadian English]] dialect and spelling should be used in newly created articles. Talk pages of Canadian topic based articles  may be tagged with  
{{tl|Canadian English}} to indicate this fact. An article on a topic that has strong ties to a particular English-speaking nation uses the English of that nation.
{{Canadian English}}

==Places==
{{see also|Wikipedia:WikiProject Canadian communities/Structure guideline}}
{{shortcut|WP:CANPLACE}}
===In article text===
In articles that identify a Canadian location, the location should be identified with the information '''City, Province/Territory, Canada''', or equivalent wording, unless the article text or title has already established that the subject is Canadian, e.g., it is not necessary to identify the "Parliament of Canada" as being located in "Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" (use "Ottawa, Ontario", or simply "Ottawa" if Ontario is already established). 

In articles that are about non-Canadian topics, for example, sports figures, the format of City, Canada may be used as a convention, along with similar listings of other international locations. (This is typically found in listings of tournament results, etc.) Include Canadian cities using the format consistently used in the article. If American states are present, for example, use Canadian provinces and territories as well. This is typical in articles of North American topics. Several Canadian cities are well known internationally but should still be linked on first mention.

===Article names===
<!-- About 85% of this section is redundant rehash of WP:AT and various naming conventions pages. It should be trimmed to the Canada-specific material, and some cross-references to WP:Article titles#Disambiguation, WP:Naming conventions (geographic names), etc., as needed. -->
Cities<ref name="footnote">The terms ''city'' and ''neighbourhood'' are used for ease of reference, but the guideline is not limited to these specific types of settlements. References to ''city'' or ''cities'' should be read to include all incorporated municipalities, while references to ''neighbourhood(s)'' include all communities located within a municipality, including urban, suburban and rural settlements.</ref> that either have unique names or are unquestionably the most significant place sharing their name can have [[WP:undisambiguated|undisambiguated]] titles. Canadian settlements that have not been disambiguated with the name of the province are listed at [[Wikipedia:Canadian Wikipedians' notice board/List of undisambiguated communities]].

Note the following considerations:

# Cities can be moved if they (a) have a unique place name, or (b) are the most important use of their name. A city's relative international fame, or lack thereof, may have some bearing on criterion (b), but it is irrelevant if the city qualifies under criterion (a)—if there is no other [[Flin Flon]] anywhere in the world, then it is not valid to cite Flin Flon's lack of international fame as a reason to keep the article at {{!xt|Flin Flon, Manitoba}}.
# Towns (unless the town's population is akin to that of a city), villages, neighbourhoods and other smaller settlements must have {{em|unique}} place names to qualify for a page move. At this smaller level, importance is too subjective, too prone to circular "mine is more important than yours because mine is [[WP:IKNOWIT|the one I've heard of]]" debates, to be a viable criterion.
# Population and Google-hit comparisons between cities of the same name {{em|may}} be helpful in determining [[WP:PRIMARYTOPIC|primary usage]], but are not conclusive in isolation. For example, [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] and [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]] are larger than their namesakes in other countries, but for historical, political, or cultural reasons they are both less internationally significant than at least one of their smaller namesakes, and thus do not qualify as primary usages. Further, Google searching is geolocated, so that users in different areas will get different sets of results—a user in Canada will see results pertaining disproportionately to the Hamilton in Ontario, while a user in Scotland will see results pertaining disproportionately to the Hamilton in South Lanarkshire, and one in New Zealand will see results pertaining disproportionately to the Hamilton in Waikato—and thus "which one comes up most often when I search on Google" is not a definitive measure.
# Cities may also lose out as primary usage to non-city topics. For example, [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]] and [[Prince Albert, Saskatchewan|Prince Albert]] are both the largest cities of those names, but cannot be considered primary topics as both are overridden by their names' royal biography referents.
# Per [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation]], a disambiguation page is not meant to serve as a search index for all Wikipedia articles that simply have a word in their titles; they are meant only to steer people to the correct choice among articles that could potentially have {{em|the same title}}. For instance, only articles that could potentially be given the title [[Toronto]] are to be evaluated when deciding whether that title should be a disambiguation page or an article about the Canadian city. Topics such as [[Toronto Transit Commission]], [[University of Toronto]] or [[Toronto Public Library]], which merely contain the word Toronto in a longer name, are not to be considered when making such a decision, as they cannot validly be moved to the plain title "Toronto". A comprehensive article about the city would already include links to these topics anyway. 
# In most cases, an article is a candidate for such a page move if "City" already exists on Wikipedia as a redirect to "City, Province". An article {{em|may}} also be a candidate for such a page move if "City" is a blank redlink. As Wikipedia is a work in progress to which new articles are always being added, the fact that another article doesn't already exist at the plain title does not inherently prove that a name is unique.

Previously, consensus required a page move discussion to take place in all cases before a page could be moved. This is no longer the consensus position, however; straightforward cases may now be moved at any time. However, a discussion should still take place if there is some potential ambiguity as to what the most appropriate name would be, or if there is a legitimate reason to believe that there may be a dispute. If you disagree with the suitability of a page move that has already taken place, however, then do not move the page back to the disambiguated title arbitrarily; rather, start a discussion on the talk page [[Wikipedia:Requested moves|requesting a move]] back to the comma-province title.

For cities that do not qualify for undisambiguated titles, the correct title format is {{xt|City, ProvinceOrTerritory}} (the "comma convention"). For the territories, please note that the correct forms are {{xt|City, Yukon}} (not {{!xt|City, Yukon Territory}}) and {{xt|City, Nunavut}} (not {{!xt|City, Nunavut Territory}}), but {{xt|City, Northwest Territories}} (not {{!xt|City, Northwest}}). For the easternmost province, the proper form is {{xt|City, Newfoundland and Labrador}}. Localities that need further disambiguation beyond the province or territory include their county, municipality, or parish. (e.g. [[Armstrong, Thunder Bay District, Ontario]], due to the need to disambiguate it from the [[Armstrong, Ontario]] in [[Timiskaming District, Ontario|Timiskaming District]]; as the one in Timiskaming is an incorporated municipality, it gets title precedence.)

A Canadian city's article, however, should never be titled simply {{!xt|City, Canada}} (e.g. {{!xt|Halifax, Canada}}), although it is permissible to create a title of this type as a [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]] to the properly titled article. Similarly, a title that uses the province's two-letter postal abbreviation should never be the actual article title, although creating a redirect is normal practice. You may also create redirects from documentably common misspellings such as "Winnepeg", "Ottowa", "St. Catherine's", or "Iqualuit".  We do not try to anticipate every conceivable misspelling that could arise. 

Dedicated city categories should always be named with the same title format as the city's main article. That is, if the article is at [[Toronto]], then use {{xt|Toronto}} rather than {{!xt|Toronto, Ontario}}, in category names; if it is at [[Regina, Saskatchewan]], then name the related categories in the format {{xt|Regina, Saskatchewan}} rather than just {{!xt|Regina}}.

A former geographic name, such as [[Berlin, Ontario]]; [[Fraserville, Quebec]]; [[Bytown]]; or [[York, Upper Canada]], should have a separate article only if there is something {{em|substantial}} that can be written about the history of that name—otherwise it should exist only as a redirect to the place's current name.

Review of which Canadian cities are likely or unlikely to qualify for page moves takes place at [[Wikipedia:Canadian wikipedians' notice board/Cities]].

===Neighbourhoods/communities===
{{shortcut|MOS:CANNEIGH}}
Article titles for neighbourhoods (and other communities within municipalities)<ref name="footnote"/> are subject to the same considerations as municipalities, as set out in points 1 to 6 above.

For neighbourhoods that do not qualify for undisambiguated titles, the correct title format is {{xt|Neighbourhood, City}} (not {{!xt|Neighbourhood (City)}}, as the "bracket convention" is generally reserved for geophysical features such as rivers and mountains).  Where a neighbourhood straddles a municipal boundary and is located in two separate municipalities, the correct title format is {{xt|Neighbourhood, ProvinceOrTerritory}} (e.g. [[Thornhill, Ontario]]) if disambiguation is needed, regardless of any other consideration listed here.

Where a neighbourhood is recognized as a distinct and valid municipal address by [[Canada Post]] (see [http://www.canadapost.ca/cpotools/apps/fpc/personal/findByCity city lookup here]), the title may be at {{xt|Neighbourhood, Province}} rather than {{xtn|Neighbourhood, City}} (e.g. [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]).  Such neighbourhoods were usually once autonomous municipalities that have since been annexed or amalgamated, or are semi-autonomous municipalities (e.g. Montreal's boroughs). 

A neighbourhood article should never be titled {{!xt|Neighbourhood, Canada}}; {{!xt|Neighbourhood, Former City}}; {{!xt|Neighbourhood, Upper-tier Municipality}}; or {{!xt|Sub-Neighbourhood, Larger Neighbourhood}}; nor disambiguated with a descriptor (e.g. {{!xt|Neighbourhood (Borough)}}).

===Ridings===
The names of {{em|federal}} [[Electoral district (Canada)|ridings]] (electoral districts) on Wikipedia follow the conventions of Elections Canada. Different regions within the riding are separated using em-dashes, even when normal style would use en-dashes (e.g. [[Kitchener—Waterloo]]). The same is true for a region and its sub-region (e.g. [[Scarborough—Agincourt]], but note also [[Edmonton Centre]]). Names within each segment are separated with spaces in English, but are often separated with hyphens in French (e.g. [[St. John's South—Mount Pearl]] versus [[Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine]]). All reasonable uses of hyphens and dashes should [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]] to the actual article. Note in particular that older sources published before the days of electronic typesetting typically rendered electoral district names with double hyphens in lieu of em-dashes, and it is thus possible that a reader who knows the district's name from a source of that type but is not familiar with the actual naming conventions may erroneously believe the version with double hyphens to be the actual formatting of the name. Thus, a district with one or more em-dashes in its name should have a redirect in place from the version with double hyphens.

Provincial ridings follow the conventions established by the province's own elections agency. Generally, provincial riding names use hyphens to separate two regions or a region and its sub-region, but this is not always true. One exception is Ontario, which bases its provincial riding boundaries on the federal ones and uses the same names. Another exception is Quebec, which uses hyphens within region names (like French ridings at the federal level) and uses en-dashes to separate regions (e.g. [[Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue]]).

When a riding is renamed with nearly identical boundaries, it does not need a new article. A significant boundary ''shift'', however, should result in a new article instead of a renaming of an old one. When the names and boundaries of federal and provincial ridings are almost identical (as in Ontario), they may share an article if there's only a small amount of information that can be written about the federal vs. provincial districts, but should retain separate articles if there's substantial content.

In any case where disambiguation is needed in the title of a riding article, use {{xt|(electoral district)}}. If further disambiguation is needed, use {{xt|(federal electoral district)}} or {{xt|(provincial electoral district)}}; add the jurisdiction, such as {{xtn|(Manitoba federal electoral district)}}, or {{xtn|(Manitoba provincial electoral district)}}, ''only'' if the federal vs. provincial distinction is still not sufficient. When federal and provincial riding names differ only in punctuation, one or both should include [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation|disambiguation]] in their titles as if their names were identical (e.g. [[Edmonton—Strathcona]] and [[Edmonton-Strathcona (provincial electoral district)]]). Whenever federal and provincial riding names are similar enough that they could be confused, the two articles should be linked to each other in [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnotes]].

The word "riding" may be used in articles, but because that usage is unique to Canada, the first time it is used it should either be wikilinked or include the official term "electoral district" in parentheses.

===Article or redirect?===
<!--This subsection never mentions redirects. -->
Articles are always subject to [[WP:Reliable sources]], [[WP:Neutral point of view]] and [[WP:Verifiability]], regardless of the topic, and the concept of "inherent notability" for geographic locations on Wikipedia is not an exemption from these content policies. While any named community is valid as a potential topic for a properly referenced article, a community is not automatically entitled to a poor-quality, unreferenced independent article solely on the basis that it exists.

Incorporated municipalities can always be referenced at least to [[Statistics Canada]] census data, and accordingly these should always have independent articles. A neighbourhood or community within an incorporated municipality, however, should only have an article independent of its parent municipality when an article can be written that meets the [[WP:Core content policies|core content policies]] and guidelines. A community whose article does not meet that threshold (e.g., an unreferenced three or four line stub) should be [[Wikipedia:redirect|redirected]] to the appropriate section in its municipality's article or to an appropriate [[WP:SPINOFF|spin-off article]] of the municipality (such as one on a borough, or an omnibus "Neighbourhoods in City" side article), until a properly referenced article can be written about the neighbourhood as an independent topic.

===Newfoundland and Labrador===
Note that [[Newfoundland]] is not a Canadian province; it is an island that forms part of the province of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]]. While a title in the format "Jonesville, Newfoundland", or "Smithburg, Labrador", may be created as a redirect, it is {{em|never}} to be the article's primary title—places in this province that require disambiguation are always to be titled in the form {{xt|Place, Newfoundland and Labrador}}. In a few cases, places may require added disambiguation; in these instances, the preferred format is "Place, Region (e.g. Twillingate, Bonavista, Conception Bay, Placentia Bay, Labrador, etc.), Newfoundland and Labrador", not just "Place, Newfoundland" or "Place, Labrador".

The exception is for articles about events that took place before the province changed its name in 2001, for example, [[Newfoundland general election, 1999]].

===Territories===
{{shortcut|WP:THEYUKON}}
The official legal name of Canada's westernmost territory has been "Yukon" since 2003. While the Government of Yukon approved a return to the usage of "the Yukon" for certain purposes in mid-2021, the territory's official legal name of "Yukon" remains unchanged.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/the-yukon-renaming-1.6136896 | title=Back to 'the' Yukon: The big return of a 3-letter word | publisher=[[CBC.ca]] | date=August 10, 2021 | accessdate=December 1, 2021 | quote=As of Friday, "the Yukon" became the recommended name to use in territorial government materials. ... The change doesn't affect the territory's legal name, which remains "Yukon," but from now on, government speeches, reports and ads will refer to "the Yukon."}}</ref> In body text, either "Yukon" or "the Yukon" is therefore acceptable, although "Yukon" without the word ''the'' is preferred. However, Yukon-specific article, category, and list titles should {{em|always}} use the form without the word ''the''.

The preferred form is "the Northwest Territories" in article text and in the titles of [[WP:Stand-alone lists|list articles]], but geographic articles about the Northwest Territories (e.g. [[Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories]]) do not use the word ''the'' in their titles.

===Population and demographics===
{{Shortcut|WP:CANPOP}}
====Use of census data====
Per [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:V]], all population figures and demographics must be referenced. Although some supplementary sources may be added, the population figure and demographics from the last official [[Statistics Canada]] census is the principal definitive source for population data in articles. Do not cite unofficial population estimates such as the "Welcome to Jonesville" sign at the city limits or the local Chamber of Commerce business directory, do not perform your own statistical analysis to arrive at an [[WP:NOR|original research]] estimate, and do not round population figures or demographics off.

====Official population updates====
Between censuses, properly sourced intercensal population and demographic updates from a government source such as Statistics Canada, a provincial statistical agency (such as BC Stats in British Columbia) or a formal municipal census (such as those in Alberta), may be provided in ''addition'' to the 2016 census data. For example, as long as the figures are reliably sourced, it ''is'' acceptable for an article to say that 
:''In the Canada 2016 Census, the City of Vancouver had a population of 631,486 and Vancouver census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 2,463,431. As of 2017, the city had an estimated population of 637,083 and the CMA had an estimated population of 2,493,452.'' 

It is ''not'' acceptable to ''remove'' the 2016 census figure such that the article's ''only'' population figure is an intercensal update—the 2016 figure must remain in the article until the results of the 2021 census are published. This applies to both the prose of the article and its infobox. Other figures are provided as a ''supplement'' to the census population figure, not as a replacement. It is also not necessary for an article to provide a continual tally of intercensal updates for ''every'' year between federal censuses—only the current year's figure needs to be provided. The updated figures can be provided in the article body, but for the sake of consistency across all municipalities, the infobox's ''population ='' field should reflect the federal census figure, while its ''population_blank1 ='' field can be used for intercensal updates. List articles, such as [[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population]], are ''only'' to list federal census data, and are not to be updated with off-year estimates or municipal census data ''regardless'' of sourcing.

Similarly, unless a) you know how to retrieve individual census tract data from the Statistics Canada site, or b) the place has a documented census population figure by virtue of being a [[designated place]] or a recognized [[Population centre (Canada)|population centre]] ([[Urban area#Canada|urban area]] prior to 2011), do ''not'' give an unsourced population estimate for a neighbourhood or community ''within'' an incorporated municipality. It is preferable for an article to have no population information at all than it is to give an unsourced or poorly sourced figure.

A population figure that is provided ''without'' a valid source for the number ''must'' be removed from the article.

====Metropolitan area vs. city population====
Do not confuse the population of a city with the population of its [[census metropolitan area]] (CMA) or [[census agglomeration]]. While these are both valid statistics to cite in an article, they do not represent the same thing. There is no contradiction between the fact that nearly 2.5 million people live in the [[Greater Vancouver Area|Vancouver CMA]] and the fact that only about 630,000 of those live within [[Vancouver]]'s city limits, and it violates [[WP:NPOV]] to assert that the distinction is trivial or irrelevant.

====Population centre====
An extremely common form of editing error on Canadian-related articles is to alter data in "population centre" lists to reflect the populations of ''municipalities''. However, municipal boundaries are not what a population centre represents—population centre data exists to measure population on the ''urban vs. rural'' distinction, and corresponds to clusters of population density rather than to boundaries of municipalities or census metropolitan areas. A place's "population centre" data may be smaller than its municipal "city limits" population, if the city includes both an urbanized core and less densely populated rural areas, or larger, if the city's urban development continues past municipal boundaries into another municipality. In fact, a municipality may not even be a population centre at all, if it does not reach an urban standard of population density or if its urban area is directly contiguous with another municipality's urban area; a community or neighbourhood within a municipality can also be a standalone population centre, if it represents a standalone cluster of urban density surrounded by non-urban areas that separate it from the rest of its municipality. 

For instance, the population centre of [[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]] does not encompass the entire city of Prince George, but just measures the urbanized central core while excluding less populated parts of the city such as the rural areas west of Foothills Boulevard or near the airport; the city of [[Mississauga]] is not classified as a population centre in its own right at all, but as part of the population centre of [[Toronto]] since its urban development is continuous with Toronto's; and the city of [[Greater Sudbury]] has eight distinct population centres within it, as several urbanized parts of the city are separated from each other by bands of unpopulated industrial or entirely undeveloped land.

"Population centre" lists are to precisely reflect Statistics Canada's population centre data, and are not to be altered to reflect different numbers or to add places that Statistics Canada does not classify as their own population centres.

==Geography==

For a geographical feature (river, mountain, valley, island, etc.) that requires disambiguation, the standard convention is "Name of Feature (Province)". Where that isn't sufficient, then choose a more specific disambiguator, such as by region (e.g. [[Whitefish River (Northwestern Ontario)]] vs. [[Whitefish River (Northeastern Ontario)]]), by parent river, or by the lake or ocean that the river empties into. 

However, it is also acceptable to cover multiple topics in a single article (e.g. [[Black River (Ontario)]]) if separate articles would be too stubbish. 

Do not disambiguate geographical features unnecessarily. If there is no other significant [[Lake Nipigon]], then the one in Ontario does not need to be at "Lake Nipigon (Ontario)".

When writing articles about communities, describe and categorize them by their ''correct'' legal status and definition. That is, if Topicville is not independently incorporated, but is a ''part'' of a larger incorporated municipality, then Topicville is to be described as a community, a neighbourhood or a settlement, ''not'' a city, a town or a village.

===Content organization===
Canadian-related lists and templates which organize their content by province or territory are arranged in ''alphabetical'' order, ''not'' in a geographic "provinces arrayed left to right from BC first to NL last, and then the territories left to right from Yukon to Nunavut" order. 

Geographic L→R order makes sense to Canadians, because the provinces and the territories happen to be arranged in nearly perfect west to east lines that seem like a logical way to organize a list or template—however, the audience for Wikipedia content is not restricted to Canadians, but also includes international readers who do ''not'' have an instinctive understanding of what geographic order the provinces happen to line up in. Lists and templates are organized for the benefit of ''all'' readers, not just those who already know that Saskatchewan is geographically located between Alberta and Manitoba, so L→R order is not an appropriate method of organizing Wikipedia content.

The territories may be combined as one list section for "Territories", in contexts where the amount of territory-related content to list isn't significant, or organized as a separate alphabetical list from the provinces if that separation is contextually important—for example, since each territory has only one senator, compared to ''several'' senators per province, {{tl|Senate of Canada}} has a single "Territories" line to list all three territorial senators rather than a separate line for each territory, and since territorial commissioners are a different thing from provincial lieutenant governors, {{tl|CanViceroy}} maintains separate lines for the two groups. However, if neither of these conditions applies, then the territories are to be listed in their normal place in strictly alphabetical order, not separated to the bottom of an alphabetically ordered list—for example, since there's no important contextual difference between being a radio station in a province vs. being a radio station in a territory, {{tl|CanadaRadio}} just organizes the provinces and territories alphabetically as one group, and does ''not'' bump the territories down to a separate postscript from the provinces.

=={{anchor|French names}}French names==
{{shortcuts|WP:CANFRENCH|MOS:CAFR}}
Note that Wikipedia's [[WP:UE|Use English]] guideline does ''not'' mean that the words in an article title must invariably be ''in'' English; it means that the title needs to be what an English speaker would most likely ''recognize'' as the usual name of the subject in ''actual'' usage. For example, the [[Parti Québécois]] does not have a recognized English name—the standard usage by speakers of [[Canadian English]] ''is'' the untranslated name "Parti Québécois". On the other hand, the [[Parti Rhinocéros]] is ''not'' usually referred to in English by its official French name, but by the unofficial translation "[[Rhinoceros Party]]". In both cases, the correct title on the English Wikipedia is the name that's ''actually'' used by speakers of Canadian English to refer to the parties.

When using the French language title for an article instead of an English one, always use the proper French orthography, including accents and hyphens and French capitalization conventions, but create redirects from the appropriate alternate spellings. Similarly, when using the English title, create a redirect from the French one.

Also create redirects from any translated titles that have ''documented'' current or historical use. For instance, a translated redirect ''should'' be created from [[Three Rivers, Quebec]], to [[Trois-Rivières]], as the name "Three Rivers" ''was'' historically used in English. Do ''not'', however, create a translated redirect if the translated name is ''not'' demonstrably linked to the topic—for example, [[Rivière-du-Loup]] has ''never'' been referred to in English as "Wolf River" (its historical English name was "Fraserville"), and [[Notre-Dame-du-Nord, Quebec|Notre-Dame-du-Nord]] has never been referred to as "Our Lady of the North".

===Institutions===
For many current institutions (hospitals, universities, etc.) in Quebec, standard Canadian English usage is ambiguous and not clear-cut: some English speakers refer to the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]], while others refer to the "University of Quebec at (or in) Montreal", while still others simply use the acronym UQAM (you-kam). In such cases, title the article with the ''proper'' name of the institution in French, and create redirects from any English translations that are genuinely likely to be used as alternate search or link terms. However, where there is a single standard and generally accepted English name for the institution, use that rather than the French name (e.g. [[National Assembly of Quebec]] rather than "Assemblée nationale du Québec") ''regardless'' of whether that name is "official" or not.

===Places===
For geographic names, again, the current practice is to reflect ''actual'' English usage. Specifically, the unaccented names [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] and [[Quebec City]] (as opposed to "Montréal" or "Québec") are the majority usages in English. However, usage for most smaller cities and towns in the province is less clear-cut, due in part to the lesser number of documented English references. As with institutions, some places in fact may have ''several'' competing "English" forms rather than one standard one—for example, [[Trois-Rivières]] could be referred to in English by simply maintaining the French spelling as is, by dropping the accent but keeping the hyphen ("Trois-Rivieres"), by dropping the hyphen but keeping the accent ("Trois Rivières") or by dropping both the accent and the hyphen ("Trois Rivieres"). Accordingly, for most municipal names in Quebec apart from those noted above, use the French spelling unless a clear usage consensus in favour of an alternate name (e.g. [[Montreal West, Quebec|Montreal West]] rather than Montréal-Ouest, [[Mount Royal, Quebec|Mount Royal]] rather than Mont-Royal, etc.) is seen outside of Wikipedia.

===People===
People's names should reflect the spelling most correctly used in reference to that specific person, ''regardless'' of how the same name might or might not be spelled by a different person. For instance, a French-speaking politician from Quebec whose surname is [[Lévesque]] should retain the accent on their article title, even though an English-speaking hockey player from Alberta who has the same surname might drop the accent and spell it as [[Levesque]] instead. Each person should be titled with the form of the name actually used by that particular person; do ''not'' follow a blanket policy of ''always'' keeping or ''always'' dropping the accent across all people on Wikipedia who happen to possess that surname.

===Artistic works===
For films from Quebec that have been released in English Canada or the United States, use the title under which the film was released in the English market, but create a redirect from the original French title. For films that did not garner release under a distinct English title, use the original French title and do ''not'' rename the film with an [[WP:NOR|original research]] translation. (For instance, ''[[Monsieur Lazhar]]'' and ''[[Incendies]]'' were both released to English markets under their original names, ''not'' under translated titles.) Wherever relevant, however, other articles (e.g. the filmographies of actors and directors, [[Genie Award]] and [[Canadian Screen Award]] articles, lists of Canadian films by year, etc.) should list ''both'' the English and French titles, with one appearing in parentheses after the other. Note, as well, that if an English title can be [[WP:V|verified]], even by a primary source such as a film streaming site, that title automatically takes precedence even if most or all of the sources actually present in the article referred to it with the original French title. 

Additionally, for films, the redirect from the French title should be categorized in {{cl|Quebec films by French title}}, so that users who know the films by those titles rather than the English ones still have the opportunity to find them. (Note, however, that if multiple French-title redirects exist for the same film, such as for accented and unaccented forms, it is not necessary to categorize all of them in the French titles category—categorize ''only'' the one that represents the ''most'' strictly correct French form.)

Television series from Quebec, however, are usually ''not'' exported to English-speaking markets, and thus usually have no English name. Most television series, thus, should be titled with their original French titles, and ''not'' translated into English. However, when such a series has also been seen in English markets under an English title (e.g. ''[[He Shoots, He Scores]]'', ''[[Nic and Pic]]''), then use the English title with a redirect from the French.

Works of French literature that have been republished in English translation, similarly, should be named with the title of the English translation, with a redirect from the original French title. Works that have not been republished in an English translation should be named with their original French title.

==Historic sites==
{{main|Heritage conservation in Canada}}
Properties in Canada can be designated as being of historic, or heritage, value by different levels of government.   When one is referring in an article to historic designation(s) applicable to a site, it is important to specify the specific designation(s) and to not confuse or conflate the designations (they are not interchangeable and confer different legal protections).  Typically, designations are ordered international/federal/provincial/municipal rather than by date.

In Canada, we usually use the term "designated" to described a property that has been granted official heritage status.  Depending on the circumstances, we can refer to a site being designated under a particular statute (e.g. the [[Aberdeen Pavilion]] is designated under the [[Ontario Heritage Act]]) or designated as a certain type of historic site (e.g. [[Halifax City Hall]] is designated a Municipally Registered Property under the [[Heritage Property Act (Nova Scotia)|Nova Scotia Heritage Property Act]]).  We often avoid the term "listed" since it means different things in different jurisdictions (e.g. in Vancouver "listed" can mean the same thing as "designated", while in Toronto a "listed" property is one that has ''not'' been designated, but rather has been identified for potential future designation).  We similarly avoid the term "protected", since some designations offer no legal protections, while some others provide limited, or appealable, protections. 

Inclusion on the [[Canadian Register of Historic Places]] (CRHP) is not the same thing as being designated.  The CRHP is merely an online database of sites that have otherwise been designated, and it does not confer any historic status.  The CRHP is a fantastic resource, and can be used as a [[WP:RS|reliable source]] in citations pertaining to the historic status of a site, but the main body of a Wikipedia article should never refer to a site being listed or included on the CRHP.  See the essay at [[WP:WHATISCRHP]] for additional information.

==Infoboxes==

The following conventions apply when adding names to the infobox of a Canadian geographic article:

* Articles should follow the guidelines outlined at [[WP:CANSTYLE]] and [[WP:PLACES]]. If a particular usage is more common in English, such as "Montreal", then that name should be used throughout the article and in the article's title. In that regard, "Iqaluit" is to be used over "Frobisher Bay", despite the latter's more apparent English origin.
* The infobox name field ("<tt>name</tt>") should contain the most commonly used place name in English. This field should be at the top, and should be more prominent than entries in the alternative ("<tt>other_name</tt>"), native ("<tt>native_name</tt>") and official name ("official_name") fields. These other names should only be added if they are official and [[WP:RS|verifiable]], and should be presented below the primary name, preferably in smaller type. Additionally, an official name in another language should be included only if the short form portion of the name is substantively different from the English name—such as Montreal/Montréal, Mount Royal/Mont-Royal, Greater Sudbury/Grand-Sudbury or Iqaluit/ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ. If the name is spelled the same in both languages, such that the only difference between the two forms is the class noun (e.g. "City of"/"Ville de") that each language attaches to it, then do ''not'' include the French name as separate information.
* Names should only be prefaced with "City of" in the "<tt>official_name</tt>" field, and then only if such usage is verifiable. “City of X” should not be used in the primary name field ("<tt>name</tt>") or other fields.
* The settlement type field should use English-language terminology such as "city", "municipality", "community", or "town". Non-English terms such as "ville" and "communauté" should be avoided. 
* Place names should not be translated based on the etymological origin of the name. For example, Montréal should not be translated as "Mount Royal", and "Wetaskiwin" should not be translated as "the hills where peace was made".
* All articles on Canadian cities<ref name="footnote"/> should use the following model for name fields:
{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Jasper
| settlement_type        = [[List of specialized municipalities in Alberta|Specialized municipality]]
| official_name          = Municipality of Jasper
}}

    |name = Sample
    |settlement_type = City
    |official_name = City of Sample

*All names within the nickname field ("<tt>nickname</tt>") must be appropriately referenced with reliable sources that discuss how the nickname in question is in wide use by the general population. Merely supplying examples of usage (even in mainstream media) is insufficient. Nicknames used in the infobox should not be derogatory, nor should they only reference one particular demographic aspect of the place in question (e.g. [[Chinese Canadian|Hongcouver]], [[Iranian Canadian|Tehranto]]) or one particular event (as such references quickly become dated, e.g. the [[Amalgamation of Toronto|Megacity]]). The field should be limited to two or three  nicknames; additional nicknames should be provided through a link to the appropriate section in [[List of city nicknames in Canada]] or to the "Name of [place]" article (if one exists) (for example, "Town, NewfieJohn, <small>[[List_of_city_nicknames_in_Canada#Newfoundland_and_Labrador|more...]]</small>"). Slogans used by the municipal government or local tourism authority, although they might be encyclopedic in their own right, are not necessarily nicknames unless they are used colloquially by the general population, and should otherwise not be included in the nickname field (although consideration could be given to including them in a blank parameter of the infobox).<p>These conventions apply to the use of the nickname field in the article infobox.  References to nicknames and slogans in the body of an article or list are subject to Wikipedia's other content policies and guidelines.

==Media==

Television and radio stations are always titled with their legal [[Industry Canada]]-issued call signs rather than their on-air brand names; note that in the Canadian context, the call sign ''always'' includes the -FM or -TV or -DT suffix (unlike in the United States, where a station only has a suffix if it's necessary to distinguish multiple stations with the same base ''Wxxx''/''Kxxx'' calls). There is no such thing as an -AM suffix in broadcasting—the actual legal call sign of an AM radio station is always just ''Cxxx''. However, because of the frequent need to disambiguate them from FM or TV stations, or other things with the same acronym, Wikipedia uses the format "Cxxx (AM)" when necessary. As many readers are not familiar with this convention, a title in the format ''Cxxx-AM'' may be created as a redirect to the ''Cxxx'' or ''Cxxx (AM)'' title, but is never to be the primary title. 

The brand name may, however, be created as a ''redirect'' to the call sign (e.g. [[MIX 99.9]]), a disambiguation page (e.g. [[Q107]]) or an article about the brand itself if it has a substantial history (e.g. [[EZ Rock]], [[Jack FM]], [[NRJ (Quebec)|NRJ]]). The only exceptions to this are where a single radio or television network broadcasts across multiple transmitters with different call signs but ''no'' local variances in programming—for example, [[TVOntario]], [[TFO]], [[Télé-Québec]] or [[CKUA Radio Network]]. In such cases, all of the call signs should be redirects to a single article about the network itself.

A radio station's article may list certain notable programs that air on the station, but per [[WP:NOT]], it is ''not'' to list the station's entire broadcast schedule. Only a service whose schedule consists primarily or entirely of programs that are themselves notable enough for independent articles, such as the CBC's national radio networks, may contain a comprehensive schedule—however, programs on local commercial radio stations are rarely notable on their own, and so listing the entire schedule of such a radio station is essentially unencyclopedic [[advertising]]. Content that describes a station's programming in greater depth is permitted, however, as long as it is properly sourced and is not just a list of hosts' names.

The call sign of a [[rebroadcaster]] should always be a redirect to its programming source, rather than an independent article, unless the call sign has a prior history (e.g. [[CKNC-TV]], [[CJBR-TV]]) as an originating station. Note, however, that a few Canadian radio stations retain call signs with extra numeric suffixes that make them ''appear'' to be rebroadcasters (e.g. [[CITE-FM-1]]), but are in fact licensed as originating stations. Most stations with call signs of this type, however, are true rebroadcasters. If you see an article titled with such a call sign, please verify it before arbitrarily redirecting it to another article.

Newspaper articles should reflect the title as it ''actually'' appears on the newspaper's masthead. For example, ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', not "Globe and Mail", but ''[[National Post]]'' rather than "The National Post". If a masthead title is not unique, include the city's name in parentheses as a disambiguator (e.g. ''[[The Guardian (Charlottetown)]]'') rather than titling the article with the unofficial form "Charlottetown Guardian". Do, however, create a redirect at the latter title format. Exclude the word "the" from the masthead title if the city's name is present in the publication's proper name (e.g. ''[[Sudbury Star]]'', not "The Sudbury Star"; ''[[London Free Press]]'', not "The London Free Press"), but include it if the city's name is ''not'' part of the publication's name (as in ''The Guardian'' or ''The Globe and Mail'').

A television series with a non-unique name is disambiguated as "(TV series)"; if that isn't sufficient because another country has had a TV series of the same name, the next preferred step is "(Canadian TV series)", then "(year TV series)", then "(province TV series)" if necessary. Disambiguate TV series by network ''only'' as a last resort, as television series can be sold to other countries or even rerun in Canada on a different network than the one that first originated the program.

==People==

Whenever possible, people should be at the name by which they are most commonly known rather than an obscure full name. For example, the [[Pierre Trudeau|Trudeau]]-era Minister of Justice is at [[Ron Basford]], not "Stanley Ronald Basford". However, as with Basford or [[Perrin Beatty|(Henry) Perrin Beatty]], do not assume that the person's usual name is necessarily their ''first'' name. In some cases (e.g. [[Bud Germa]], [[Bush Dumville]]), their most common name may not even be ''either'' of their given names. When in doubt, research or ask [[WP:CWNB]] for assistance. 

For older or less prominent political figures for whom limited sources are available, such as a person who was a backbench MP in the 1890s, it may be difficult to determine which name the person was best known under. In such cases, it is permissible to use the full name as indicated by the Parliament of Canada's website—but Wikipedia does ''not'' have an invariable requirement to precisely title-match that source for all figures. If sources can be found for which name a person actually used in their public life, use that name as the title, not the full name as listed in the parliamentary database. Note that occasionally the parliamentary site will provide this information for you by including an additional given name in parentheses, such as [[Vic Althouse|Victor Fredrich (Vic) Althouse]]—this ''means'' that his most common name, and hence his correct Wikipedia title, is "Vic" rather than "Victor" or "Victor Fredrich".

Per [[Canadian name#French Canadian names]], if a historical personage from [[Quebec]] has a compound given name in the form ''Joseph-Secondname-Thirdname'' (e.g. [[Jean Chrétien|Joseph-Jacques-Jean Chrétien]]) for a man or ''Marie-Secondname-Thirdname'' for a woman, then the common name is automatically presumed as ''Thirdname'' unless reliable sources show differently.

For people with non-unique names, the standard hierarchy for disambiguation is as follows: occupation, Canadian occupation, provincial occupation, affiliative (e.g. political party) occupation. Only disambiguate by obscure biographical details such as the person's place of birth, years of life or not-widely-known middle name as an absolute last resort if ''none'' of these other disambiguation criteria are sufficient. ''Never'' disambiguate a person by geography alone, such as "John Smith (Canada)" or "Jane McGillicuddy (Prince Edward Island)", and never step further down the hierarchy than is necessary at the present time—as in the case of [[André Bachand (Progressive Conservative MP)]] and [[André Bachand (Liberal MP)]], base the chosen disambiguator on their ''current'' distinction, not on the fact that one of them ''might'' (see [[WP:CRYSTAL]]) re-enter politics in the future with a different political party. An article can always be moved at a later date if circumstances change.

Titles for articles about people should also not be disambiguated by municipality, instead of country or province, except as an absolute last resort—for instance, this may be necessary if two different cities in the same province have had mayors with the same name, and no middle initial is known for either one. 

===Postnominals===
{{shortcuts|WP:CANPRIVY}}
Do not place honorifics such as [[The Honourable|Hon.]], [[Doctor|Dr.]], [[Priest|Fr.]], [[Privy Council of Canada|PC]], [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|MP]] or [[Order of Canada|OC]] in the article title.

Note that the postnominal PC, appearing directly after a politician's name in the article introduction or in the infobox header, has nothing whatsoever to do with their political party affiliation—it means "Privy Councillor", and refers to their membership in the [[Privy Council of Canada]]. A federal cabinet minister ''always'' holds the "PC" postnominal ''regardless'' of what party they are associated with, and ''no'' political party affiliation is ''ever'' denoted as a postnominal honorific. Do ''not'' "correct the party affiliation" of a cabinet minister from "PC" to some other party, because party affiliation is not what the "PC" in a postnominals template is referring to.

==Politics==
{{shortcuts|WP:CANPOL|WP:CANCAN}}
===Candidates===
Wikipedia is not bound by a requirement to give equal time to political candidates, but neither is it prejudiced in favour of or against any political party. Wikipedia is, however, bound by a requirement to demonstrate the [[WP:N|notability]] of article subjects through the [[WP:V|verifiable]] use of [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] about the topic.

As a result, Wikipedia consensus has determined that candidates for political office are not inherently notable just for standing as candidates. Per [[WP:POLITICIAN]], a candidate in a federal, provincial or municipal election is only presumed notable in one of three cases:
# the person has already held a notable political office (i.e. incumbents, people who have previously held another notable political office, or newly elected political figures on or after election night),
# the person was already notable enough for other reasons to support an independent article even before they entered politics at all,
# the person's candidacy receives such an unusual volume, depth and range of coverage that they have a strong claim to being significantly and enduringly much more notable than other candidates. The fact that some campaign coverage may exist in the local media does not constitute a [[WP:GNG]] pass in and of itself, as every candidate can always show some campaign coverage in their local media: the key to making a candidate a special case hinges on demonstrating that the person passes the [[WP:10YT|ten-year test]] as a topic of enduring significance, and is not just a momentary [[WP:BLP1E]].

If a political candidate does not meet any of these requirements, they may be mentioned in a candidates list such as [[Green Party candidates, 2008 Canadian federal election]], but are not inherently entitled to their own separate articles just for having been political candidates. Note that under Wikipedia's [[WP:COPYVIO|copyright]] policies, it is not acceptable to cut and paste a politician's campaign literature directly from their website, regardless of whether they have an independent article or an entry in a merged list. Articles on Wikipedia must be original content, written in a [[WP:NPOV|neutral point of view]] and properly referenced to reliable media sources independent of the subject.

Note as well that while election-related articles should obviously contain the names of all candidates in the relevant contexts (e.g. a candidate's name should appear next to their vote total in the election results table), candidates who do not have Wikipedia articles to link to are not permitted to have their names offlinked to their own [[WP:SELFPUB|self-published]] campaign websites as a substitute.

===Federal or provincial office===
People who have held the following roles in Canadian politics are always notable enough for an article on Wikipedia under [[WP:POLITICIAN]], and subjective debate is ''not'' allowed about how much achievement is necessary to qualify them as notable beyond the fact of having served in politics:
# Governors General and their viceregal consorts,
# Lieutenant Governors,
# Prime Ministers, 
# Federal MPs or Senators,
# Provincial or territorial premiers, 
# Members of a provincial, territorial or colonial legislature or council.

Leaders of smaller political parties at the federal or provincial levels are valid as ''potential'' article topics regardless of how much success the party has or has not had in politics; however, you must be able to write and source more about them than the mere fact that they led a political party. If you cannot write and source a reasonably substantial article that provides significantly ''more'' information about them than the presence of their name in the "leaders" section of the party's article already does, then they do not merit a separate article and their name should exist as a redirect to the party's article rather than as a standalone biography. 

The fact that a person may be an [[Interim leader (Canada)|interim leader]] rather than a permanent one has no bearing on whether they qualify for an article or not. Interim leaders have sometimes served for ''years'' in that role, and still have the ability to lead the party into an election if one occurs during their interim leadership—so an interim leader is judged by the ''same'' inclusion standards as a convention-elected one.

Presidents of political parties, and other officers inside a party's internal organizational structure, are not entitled to an automatic presumption of notability, but may be kept ''only'' if a solid and well-sourced article that properly demonstrates their individual notability can be written—or if they have also held one of the above offices before, after or simultaneously with their role inside the party. Generally speaking, federal political party executives are more likely to meet this standard than provincial ones are—however, at ''either'' level of government they are not entitled to an automatic presumption of notability, or to an unsourced or poorly sourced stub that does not provide substantially more information than a mention of their name in the party's article would.

Politicians' spouses are notable just for being spouses ''only'' if the person is either a [[Spouses of the Prime Ministers of Canada|Spouse of the Prime Minister]] or a [[Viceregal consorts of Canada|Viceregal consort]]. Any other spouse, including the spouse of a provincial premier or a provincial lieutenant governor, qualifies for their own independent article ''only'' if they have separately established notability for their own independent accomplishments, and is ''not'' entitled to [[WP:NOTINHERITED|inherit]] notability from their spouse.

===Municipal politics===
Politicians at the municipal level are not presumed notable on Wikipedia solely by virtue of holding political office, but are kept or deleted based on a variety of factors. 

Generally speaking, mayors of major cities are more likely to be accepted as notable than mayors of smaller towns. However, this is not a hard and fast rule—in practice, a well-referenced and genuinely substantive article about a mayor may be kept, and a brief stub that says little more than "Person is the current mayor of City" and/or cites few to no sources beyond a single news article about their initial winning of the mayoral election may be deleted, regardless of the size of the municipality. Ultimately, the notability test for mayors has less to do with the size of the city itself, and more to do with whether or not editors are willing to put in the time and effort to write something substantive and properly referenced. 

City councillors are deemed notable just for being city councillors only in "major metropolitan cities"; in the Canadian context, present consensus has applied this only to Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal. This "exemption" exists only for the main municipal governments of those six cities themselves; it does not extend to smaller municipalities within their metropolitan areas (i.e. Ottawa's status does not extend to Gatineau; Vancouver's status does not extend to Coquitlam; Toronto's status does not extend to Mississauga; and on and so forth), and it does not extend to municipalities that were separate from the metropolitan city at the time the person held office, and were amalgamated into the city later on (that is, Toronto's status does not extend to pre-megacity municipal councillors in Etobicoke or Leaside or Long Branch, and on and so forth.) For any other city besides those six, a city councillor is permitted an article only if you can make a valid claim of notability for reasons beyond simply holding a city council seat, such as having held a more notable office or being [[WP:RS|reliably sourceable]] as having prominence well beyond their local area.

School trustees are never notable just for being school trustees, nor are candidates for any municipal office notable just for being candidates. In any city, people in these classes are permitted articles only if you can provide a stronger claim of notability.

===Terms in office===
Different political offices may have slightly different rules about how the start and end of a person's term in that office are denoted. Please consult the following table for the rules in specific instances.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 
|-
! Office || Start date || End date || Notes
|-
| MP/MLA || Date of election or by-election || Representative who is defeated at, or retires and does not reoffer in, a general election: Date of the writ drop that commences the election in which they retire or are defeated.<br>Representative who dies in office: Date of death.<br>Representative who resigns from the legislature between elections: date that the resignation becomes official.<br>Incumbent MP who is reelected to office in a new riding following a redistribution: date of the writ drop that commenced the election in which the riding name changed. || The practice for regular members of the legislature is not the same as the practice for higher-ranking officers of the legislature: the fact that a new MP/MLA has not been officially sworn in yet does not matter. Because an outgoing MP/MLA's term ends at the writ drop, the office is not held by anybody else in the interim, and the date on which the person was officially sworn in as an MP or MLA (which is not the same time or day as the official swearing-in of the first minister and cabinet) is usually not [[WP:RS|reliably sourceable]] at all.<br>The date on which an MP or MLA's resignation from the legislature becomes official is not necessarily the same day that their intention to resign was announced to the media, as an MP or MLA usually gives advance notice of their intention to resign a couple of weeks before actually departing the legislature.<br>Note that when ridings are redistributed, if the person's riding name changes then that sets a ''new'' office — do ''not'' simply tuck the old riding name into a footnote to the current one within a single continuous office, but start a ''new'' office field with new term and succession information.<br>If an election victory is overturned on recount or the winner disclaims their seat before the end of the appeal period, the effect might be retroactive to election day, depending on the jurisdiction. Articles should treat the candidate as if they were never an MP/MLA after that election, but the situation should be explained in the body or a footnote.
|-
| Prime minister or premier || Date that the person is formally sworn in by the viceroy. || Date that their successor is formally sworn in by the viceroy; date of death if they die in office. || The outgoing  first minister does not immediately leave office, and the incoming new one does not immediately assume the office, on election day itself; there is a transition period of one to three weeks during which the outgoing first minister is still the incumbent on a [[caretaker government|caretaker]] basis, and the new one is still only a first minister-'''designate'''.<br>Under law a first minister's term is officially denoted as ending on the last full day of their leadership, regardless of the fact that the successor is sworn in several hours later during normal working hours rather than instantly at midnight — under this convention, if the new first minister is sworn in on June 13, then their predecessor's term would be denoted as ending on June 12 even though they were technically still first minister for part of June 13. However, media sources do not normally follow this convention, and consider the outgoing first minister's term as ending only at the actual moment of handover. Wikipedia consensus has settled on following the common media practice rather than the official legalese one. Articles do run the risk of being inconsistent with each other at times, however, if different articles have been edited on opposite sides of this practice; if you notice a conflict between two different articles as to the end date of a prime minister's or premier's term, check with [[WP:CANTALK]] rather than directly editwarring over it.
|-
| Party leader || Date that the person officially assumes the leadership of the party. || Date that their successor (whether convention-selected or interim) officially assumes the leadership of the party. || The leadership is not immediately handed over the exact moment the winner of the leadership convention is announced; party constitutions may vary, but normally the person's leadership becomes official somewhere between one day and a week after the date of the convention balloting itself.
|-
| Governor General or Lieutenant Governor || Date that the person is formally sworn in. || Date that their successor is formally sworn in; date of death if they die in office. || The date that the viceroy is formally sworn in is not the same as the date on which the identity of the new viceroy is initially announced to the media; rather, the initial announcement is virtually always made several weeks before the person actually assumes the office.
|-
| Cabinet minister || Date that the person is formally sworn in. || Cabinet minister who is succeeded by another cabinet minister, whether in a cabinet shuffle or due to a change of government in an election: date that their successor is formally sworn in.<br>Cabinet minister who resigns from the cabinet: date that their resignation becomes official.<br>Cabinet minister who dies in office: date of death. || Even in the event of a government's defeat in an election, outgoing cabinet ministers still hold the role in a caretaker capacity throughout the period of transition until the new ones are sworn in, so it does not matter that this may sometimes result in a person holding a cabinet position for several weeks past the end of their term as an MP or MLA; there is not even any legal requirement that a cabinet minister has to be a member of the legislature at all, so there is no conflict.<br>Unlike the situation for MPs or MLAs who resign from the legislature, however, resignations from cabinet are much more commonly immediate rather than on a "two weeks notice" basis.
|-
| Mayor or city councillor || Date that the person is formally sworn in. || Officeholder who is replaced in a general election: date that their successor is formally sworn in.<br>Officeholder who resigns from the position between elections: date that their resignation takes formal effect.<br>Officeholder who dies in office: date of death. || City councils in Canada actually function more like the situation in the United States House of Representatives than in Canadian parliaments. Unlike legislatures, they typically have a longer transition period after the election, sometimes even as long as one or two full months in some cities; city councils are never "dissolved" prior to a municipal election, and the elections are scheduled by law rather than election writ; and the outgoing city councils may in fact still hold one or more "caretaker" meetings after the election. Accordingly, mayors and city councillors are never denoted as taking or leaving office immediately on election day: the exact dates of the official swearing-in ceremonies are always used for all municipal positions.
|}

===Law===
{{Shortcut|MOS:CANLAW}}
====Legislation====
When writing an article about a piece of legislation, whether it has passed into law or not, title the article with the short name of the legislation, and ''not'' with a title in the form "Bill #". Per [[WP:NC-GAL]], the short form name (''XYZ Act'') is preferred whenever possible, with the long form name (''An Act to XYZ'') in place as a redirect to it. (The long form name is permissible as the primary title if a short form name cannot be properly sourced, although this should virtually never be anything more than a temporary measure.) Bill numbers, however, are routinely repeated in different contexts—different legislative bodies, different sessions of the same legislative body, etc.—and thus a bill number is almost never an unambiguous or unique name. When a piece of legislation is commonly referred to by its bill number, a redirect or disambiguation page should be created, like at [[Bill C-51]].

When disambiguation is needed in a title, add only the jurisdiction, such as in ''[[Residential Tenancies Act (Ontario)]]''. In Canada, per the ''McGill Guide'', Act titles are italicized.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://guides.library.queensu.ca/legalcitation-mcgill-9th/how-to-cite-statutes |title=How to Cite Statutes |publisher=Queen's University Library |accessdate=January 28, 2019}}</ref>

====Case law====
Names of court cases should generally follow the ''McGill Guide''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://guides.library.queensu.ca/legalcitation-mcgill-9th/citing-cases |title=Citing Cases |publisher=Queen's University Library |accessdate=January 28, 2019}}</ref> In particular:
*case names should be in italic;
*parties should be separated with "v" for decisions given in English or "c" for decisions given in French;
*omit punctuation for common abbreviations in names like "Inc." or "Ltd.";
*for government bodies, write the jurisdiction followed by the body in parentheses
**example: ''Baker v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'';
*use parentheses after the name for other descriptions of parties like in "Doe (Estate of)", and for cities like in "Edmonton (City)".

===Elections===
The naming conventions for election articles are as follows:
*Federal: "YYYY Canadian federal election"
*Provincial or territorial: "YYYY Province/Territory general election"

Although not all of the older municipal election articles have been converted yet, WikiProject Canada's current consensus around municipal elections is that they should be organized into one merged article per county or region, with ''only'' "independent cities" (i.e. cities that constitute their own independent census divisions, and are not part of any "upper tier" of municipal government) given their own standalone articles. The naming convention for a standalone article is "YYYY City (comma-province/territory if necessary) municipal election"; merged articles that cover multiple municipalities are named in the format "YYYY Jurisdiction (county, province, territory, etc.) municipal elections". School board elections are ''never'' given their own separate articles, but are discussed only in municipal election articles.

In Toronto, current practice is to use the main "municipal election" article primarily to cover the city council races, while spinning off a separate "mayoral election" for the citywide mayoral race. Generally speaking, most other Canadian cities do not require this treatment, however: it is restricted in principle to the largest metropolitan cities, although to date the editors who work on municipal election articles in Vancouver, Montreal, Ottawa, Calgary or Edmonton have not actually pursued this approach. In those other five cities, the mayoral spinoff approach would potentially be valid as well, although editors who wish to pursue it are requested, in advance of going ahead with it, to open a consensus discussion at [[WP:CANTALK]] to determine whether adequate editorial will actually ''exists'' or not to move in that direction. Outside of those six cities, however, keep the mayoral race in the main municipal election article. This is done in Toronto because the amount of ''work'' that editors have been willing to actively ''put into'' the articles pushes them into "long enough to warrant spinoffs" territory; however, the other cities have never really attracted the same level of hypercommitment.

Federal or provincial by-elections do not each get their own separate standalone article, but rather are discussed as subsections of a larger common article such as [[By-elections to the 41st Canadian Parliament]]. A municipal by-election, similarly, should normally be covered as a followup subsection of the previous regular municipal election's article rather than as its own standalone topic; however, an exception may be made for a municipal by-election which can demonstrate a significant claim to being more notable than usual, such as the school board controversy that caused the [[2017 Vancouver municipal by-election]] to include the complete election of an entirely new school board.

==Currency==
{{main|WP:$}}

For currency values in articles on Canadian topics, the [[Canadian dollar]] is considered the default currency where an unprefixed dollar sign is used e.g. {{xt|$123.45}}. However, the currency should be identified with the first appearance of a dollar amount for benefit of international readers. This can be specified as {{xt|$123.45 ([[Canadian dollar|CAD]])}} or some other statement indicating that dollar amounts are Canadian. Currencies of other nations in Canadian articles should always be identified, especially the United States dollar, to avoid confusion (e.g. {{xt|[[United States dollar|US$]]45.67}}).

For Wikipedia articles not specifically on Canadian subjects, the Canadian dollar should be identified either in [[ISO 4217]] format (e.g. {{xt|{{iso4217|CAD}} 123.45}}) or as CA$ (e.g. {{xt|[[Canadian dollar|CA$]]123.45}}). Avoid use of other available prefixes such as C$ (also the symbol for the [[Nicaraguan córdoba]]), CAN$, Can$, Cdn$ or CDN$ since there is no consensus for these. Do not use the abbreviation {{!xt|CAD$}}, as both "D" and "$" are symbols for "dollar".

The {{tl2|iso4217|CAD}} template with "CAD" parameter may be used to format Canadian dollar amounts in ISO 4217 format and provide a link to the Canadian dollar article for reference.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Style wide}}
{{Writing guides}}
{{Wikipedia policies and guidelines}}


[[Category:Wikipedia naming conventions|Canada]]
[[Category:Canada Wikipedia administration|Manual of style]]
[[Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)|Canada]]