View source for Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid

{{about|the guideline for Wikipedia self-references to avoid|the guideline on autobiographies|Wikipedia:Autobiography|self-published sources|WP:SPS|the {{tnull|selfref}} template|Template:Selfref|the guideline against using Wikipedia articles as references|WP:CIRCULAR}}
{{style-guideline|MOS:SELFREF|WP:SRTA|WP:SELF|type=style guideline}}
{{guideline in a nutshell|Wikipedia's [[free content]] is reused in many places: do not assume that the reader is reading Wikipedia, or indeed any website.  Articles may refer to themselves, but they shouldn't refer to Wikipedia in a non-neutral fashion except under special circumstances.}}
{{style}}

This guideline is about [[self-reference]]s and specifies which types of self-references should be avoided and which kinds are acceptable.  A self-reference in an article usually mentions Wikipedia directly or tells readers to take an action on Wikipedia, such as editing the article.

Typically, self-references within Wikipedia articles to the Wikipedia project should be avoided.  Others, such as maintenance templates, may be necessary. 

==Types of self-reference==
===''This Wikipedia article discusses&nbsp;...'', ''While Wikipedia is not a&nbsp;...'', ''Edit this page&nbsp;...''===

Mentioning that the article is being read on Wikipedia, or referring to Wikipedia policy or technicalities of using Wikipedia, should be avoided where possible. This type of self-reference limits the use of Wikipedia as a [[free content]] encyclopedia suitable for [[fork (software development)|forking]], as permitted by our [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|license]]. The goal of Wikipedia is to create ''an encyclopedia'', not merely to perpetuate itself, so the articles produced should be useful, even outside the context of the project used to create them. This means that while articles may refer to themselves, they should not refer to "Wikipedia" or to the Wikipedia project as a whole (e.g. "this website"). And our readers already know this is an encyclopedia; it is not useful to inject [[Wikipedia:No disclaimers in articles|content disclaimers]], e.g., "While Wikipedia is not a dictionary&nbsp;..." at an article on a jargon term.

Mentioning the Wikipedia community, or website features, can confuse readers of [[Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content|derived works]]. Unless substantially part of the article topic, do not refer to the fact that the page can be edited, nor mention any Wikipedia project page or process, specialized Wikipedia jargon (e.g. "PoV" in place of "biased"), or any [[MediaWiki]] interface link in the sidebar or along the top of the screen. 

References that exist in a way that assumes the reader is using an encyclopedia, without reference to the specific encyclopedia (Wikipedia) or the manner of access (online), are acceptable. For instance, in the article on the [[Kobe Bryant sexual assault case]], before the alleged victim's identification, it said that "Due to concerns over privacy, the name of the alleged victim is not being included in this article or at this time." That is a reference that makes sense on [[Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks|mirrors and forks]] and in print, and makes sense in a copy of Wikipedia that contains only the article space.  Similarly, many [[Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists|list articles]] explicitly state their inclusion criteria in the lead section. The template {{tlx|printworthy selfref}} can be used to mark such passages as intentional self-references that are generally printworthy and mirror-worthy, but which some reusers may wish to suppress. Other examples of permissible self-references of this sort include [[WP:DLINKS|disambiguation link]]s (the [[:Category:Hatnote templates|templates for which]] suppress their appearance in printed copies), and "See ..." [[:Category:Cross-reference templates|cross-references]] (which may or may not be printworthy, depending upon whether they are inter-article; {{crossreference|see [[Template:Crossreference/doc]])}}.

The templates that render self-referencing messages for the maintenance needs of developing articles, such as {{tlx|stub}}, {{tlx|npov}}, and {{tlx|refimprove}}, are unavoidable (and may permissibly include things like "Edit this page&nbsp;..."), but articles should normally avoid self-referencing templates such as {{tlx|shortcut}} and the others.

===''Note that&nbsp;...'', ''It is important to&nbsp;...'', ''What is&nbsp;...?'', ''Surprisingly&nbsp;...'', ''Of course&nbsp;...''===
{{anchor|Note that ...|Note that|NOTETHAT}}
{{main|Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Instructional and presumptuous language}}
{{see also|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch#Editorializing}}
Avoid "breaking the [[fourth wall]]" to [[Imperative mood|address readers directly]] in an [[Wikipedia:Writing better articles#Tone|unencyclopedic tone]], either [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a manual, guidebook, textbook, or scientific journal|instructional]] or [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|opinionated]].  This includes the pedagogical style of posing rhetorical questions to the reader (worst of all [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Section headings|in headings]]). Neutral cross-references, e.g. {{xt|{{crossreference|printworthy=y|(See also [[Cymric cat]].)}}}}, are permissible (and best done with the {{tlx|crossreference}} template), but are often best reworded ({{xt|The [[Cymric cat]] is a recent breed developed from the Manx.}}).

===''Click here to see more'' (think about print)===
{{anchor|Think about print}}
{{Shortcut|WP:CLICKHERE}}
Although [[WP:NOTPAPER|Wikipedia is not a paper encyclopedia]], articles should be written in a manner that facilitates transmission in other forms such as print, spoken word, and via a [[screen reader]]. So terms such as "this article" are preferable to "this webpage", and phrases like [[Click here|"click here" should be avoided]]. In determining what language is most suitable, it may be helpful to imagine writing the article for a print encyclopedia.

===''Free content projects, such as this website&nbsp;...'' (writing about Wikipedia itself)===
{{anchor|Writing about Wikipedia itself}}
{{Shortcut|WP:WAWI}}
{{see also|Wikipedia:About}}
Articles about online communities may well discuss Wikipedia as an example, in a neutral tone, without specifically implying that the article in question is being read on&mdash;or is a part of&mdash;Wikipedia. In this framework, if you link from an article to a specific Wikipedia page, use external link style, so the link will make sense in any context.  The {{tlx|srlink}} template will do this for you.

Such pages may include:
* Articles where Wikipedia played a major role in the subject of the article, for example: [[Uncyclopedia]]
* Articles about prominent people involved in Wikipedia, for example: [[Jimmy Wales]]
* Articles about [[Wikipedia]]
* Articles where Wikipedia, or an individual incident related to it, is illustrative of the subject, such as [[virtual community]], [[encyclopedia]] and [[Streisand effect]]

===''This article was criticised by&nbsp;...'' (articles are about their subjects, not this website)===
{{anchor|Articles are about their subjects}}
{{Shortcut|WP:SUBJECT}}
Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, so its articles are about their subjects; they are ''not'' about the articles themselves. This means that even if an article itself becomes famous, that article should not report this about itself.

For example, a discussion of [[Stephen Colbert (character)|Stephen Colbert's]] call for vandalism of the [[Elephant]] article might be appropriately mentioned in the article on ''[[The Colbert Report]]'', but not in the article on elephants, because the incident had nothing to do with elephants. Protests regarding depictions of Muhammad in Wikipedia's [[Muhammad]] article are ''not'' addressed in that article (which is about the prophet Muhammad), but rather in the article [[Depictions of Muhammad]].

A mention of Wikipedia by a notable person is unlikely to justify a mention in their Wikipedia article; such a mention would have to reflect its [[WP:DUE|importance in the person's overall body of work]]. For example, a radio host mentioning that he read his Wikipedia biography is not normally an important event in his overall career. On the other hand,  the media attention surrounding [[John_Seigenthaler#Wikipedia_controversy|John Seigenthaler]]'s Wikipedia entry is now a [[Wikipedia Seigenthaler biography incident|notable event]] in his public life.

==In templates and categories {{anchor|In the Template and Category namespaces}}==
Self-references are sometimes found in the [[Help:Template|templates]] and the [[Wikipedia:Categorization|categories]].  Some of these are necessary or intrinsic to the purpose of the page, as with disambiguation information at the top of category pages and in {{tl|stub}} templates, which encourage readers to edit the page.  Unnecessary self-references are not encouraged in templates or categories, due to the need of third-party users to either delete those templates or modify them to remove the Wikipedia references.  For example, all {{tl|navbox}} templates should provide a list of related articles, but none of them should label these pages as "Wikipedia articles" or as "Related articles on this website".  

When forced to use templates like this, you should use them in a way such that the article still makes sense when the template is removed, in order to facilitate automated removal.

Wikipedia project coordination pages should be under [[:Category:Wikipedia administration]], not in categories that contain main-namespace articles by topic. (A small number of articles ''about'' Wikipedia are in the mainstream categories and this is OK.) User pages may be categorized under [[:Category:Wikipedians]], but not in any of the subcategories under [[:Category:People]].

==Self-reference tools==
{{Shortcut|WP:ITSELF}}
The self-reference template, {{tlx|selfref}}, is used to mark pieces of text and links that wouldn't make sense on copies of Wikipedia. This gives the ability to programmatically remove all such references or transform them into external links. Thus, the end product can have all of its self-references removed automatically for users, such as forks and mirrors. This template is most often used as a [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnote template]] to help guide editors from an article to a related Wikipedia policy or guideline page in the [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|Wikipedia project namespace]].

Many hatnote templates that ''do'' contain helpful preset text and linking, such as {{t|for}} and {{t|about}}, support a {{para|selfref}} parameter that gives them the same functionality as {{tlf|Self reference}}, making them better options in most circumstances.

In cases where a Wikipedia page should link to Wikipedia itself (for instance, at [[Wikipedia]]) and this link should be kept on mirrors, the format {{tlx|srlink|link}} can be used to write the link as external, rather than internal when outside of Wikipedia, to prevent it breaking in mirrors. For instance: {{srlink|Main Page|Wikipedia's Main Page}} (made by <code><nowiki>{{srlink|Main Page|Wikipedia's Main Page}}</nowiki></code>) as opposed to [[Main Page|Wikipedia's Main Page]] (<code><nowiki>[[Main Page|Wikipedia's Main Page]]</nowiki></code>).

==See also==
* [[Help:Printing]], includes a partial list of page elements that are hidden on printable versions of pages
* [[Wikipedia:Printability]], an essay about the printworthiness of redirect pages
* [[Wikipedia:Cross-namespace redirects]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Selfref&hidelinks=1&hideredirs=1&namespace=0 List of Wikipedia articles with self-references]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=insource%3A%2F%5C%3Cref%5C%3Ehttps%5C%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fen%5C.wikipedia%5C.org%2F&title=Special:Search&profile=default&fulltext=1&searchToken=638ux4kwthnryi3504znphiwo List of Wikipedia articles with circular references]
* {{section link|Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia and sources that mirror or use it}} – Do not use articles from Wikipedia as reference sources
* [[Wikipedia:Double redirects]]
{{Style wide}}
[[Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)]]