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2021-12-06T12:27:46Z

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{{Wikipedia how-to|WP:MATHSYMBOL}}
This page is a quick reference for the "standard" mathematical symbols in [[HTML]] that should work on most browsers, and is intended mainly for people editing mathematical articles on Wikipedia.

==Text effects==
'''Underline text:''' {{aligned table|cols=2|style=text-align:center;|row1class=unicode|row2class=mw-code| underline |{{overline|overline}}| <nowiki>underline</nowiki> |<nowiki>{{overline|overline}}</nowiki>}}
Underline should not be used for emphasis, per [[MOS:BADEMPHASIS]].
'''Strikeout text:''' {{aligned table|cols=1|style=text-align:center;|row1class=unicode|row2class=mw-code| <s>strikeout</s> | <nowiki><s>strikeout</s></nowiki>}}
Strikethrough is not generally used in prose, per [[MOS:NOSTRIKE]].
'''Font:''' {{aligned table|cols=2|style=text-align:center;|row1class=unicode|row2class=mw-code|''italics''|'''bold'''| <big><nowiki>''</nowiki></big>italics<big><nowiki>''</nowiki></big> | <big><nowiki>'''</nowiki></big>bold<big><nowiki>'''</nowiki></big>}}
'''→ Use a serif font for HTML math equation:''' {{aligned table|cols=1|style=text-align:center;|row1class=unicode|row2class=mw-code|1={{math|Φ (A)}} |2=<nowiki>{{math|Φ (A)}}</nowiki>}}
'''Superscripts/subscripts:''' {{aligned table|cols=3|style=text-align:center;|row1class=unicode|row2class=mw-code|x2 | x3 | x{{su|p=2|b=1}} |<nowiki>x2</nowiki>|<nowiki>x3</nowiki>|<nowiki>x{{su|p=2|b=1}}</nowiki>;}}

==Special characters==

Most commonly used non-keyboard characters can be input directly, by:
* Copy-and-paste from the below
* Use the "Insert" pulldown menu immediately below the article text (when editing any Wikipedia page in a desktop web browser).
* Use the "Special characters" menu immediately above the article text (when editing any Wikipedia page in a desktop web browser).

← ↓ → ↑ ↔ ↵ ⇐ ⇓ ⇒ ⇑ ⇔

ƒ ∂ ∫ ∑ Π ∞ ∇ ℘ ℑ ℜ

¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀

∈ ∉ ∋ ∅ ⊆ ⊇ ⊃ ⊂ ⊄ ∪ ∩ ℵ

≠ ≤ ≥ < > ≡ ≢ ∼ ≅ ≈ ∝

° ± × ÷ ⊥ ⊕ ⊗

⌈ ⌉ ⌊ ⌋ « »

⟨ ⟩ or {{tl|angbr}}

† ‡ ¦ ∠ ∴ ◊ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦

For more:
* [[MOS:FRAC]] for how to input fractions in various circumstances
* [[MOS:RADICAL]] for how to square and other roots in various circumstances
* Per [[MOS:ELLIPSIS]], "..." (three ASCII periods) is used instead of "…" (single character)
* {{section link|Arrow (symbol)|Arrows in Unicode}}
* [[Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode]]

Though [[Unicode]] characters are generally preferred, sometimes [[HTML entities]] are needed to avoid problems with wiki syntax or confusion with other characters:

{{aligned table|cols=10|style=text-align:center;|row1class=unicode|row2class=mw-code
| < | > | − | • |′ | ″ | ⋅ | ·| – | —
| &lt; | &gt; | &minus; | &bull; | &prime; | &Prime; | &sdot; | &middot; | &ndash; | &mdash; }}

For more:
* [http://www.unicode.org/charts/charindex.html Unicode character name index] - can be used to find the Unicode number of a character.
* [http://www.w3.org W3C] list of MathML characters indexed by [http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/bycodes.html code] or [http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/byalpha.html name]
* [[List of XML and HTML character entity references]] - includes all named entities

==Spacing==
Typically [[whitespace]] should be a regular space ( ) or none at all.

To avoid line-wrapping in the middle of a formula, use {{tl|math}}. If necessary, a non-breaking space ( ) can be inserted with "&nbsp;".

In rare circumstances, such as where one character overlaps another due to one being in italics, a thin space can be added with {{tl|thin space}}.

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (mathematics)]]
* [[Help:Displaying a formula]] - TeX-derived syntax as used by {{tag|math}} on Wikipedia
* [[Weierstrass p]]
* [[List of mathematical symbols]] (glossary, HTML syntax, and TeX syntax)
* [[MathML]]

{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Mathematics Wikipedia administration]]

Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols - Revision history

Tachyony: Imported page