Aloe: Difference between revisions
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imported>C.Fred m Reverted edit by 104.172.164.229 (talk) to last version by GreenC bot |
imported>TannerRHall updated Genus name for K. plicatilis (moved from Aloe to Kumara) |
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The [[APG IV system]] (2016) places the genus in the family [[Asphodelaceae]], subfamily [[Asphodeloideae]]. Within the subfamily it may be placed in the tribe [[Aloeae]].<ref name=APweb>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#aspasphodelaceae Asphodelaceae]". ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''. Retrieved 2016-06-09.</ref> In the past, it has been assigned to the family [[Aloaceae]] (now included in the Asphodeloidae) or to a broadly [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]] family [[Liliaceae]] (the lily family). The plant ''[[Agave americana]]'', which is sometimes called "American aloe", belongs to the [[Asparagaceae]], a different family. | The [[APG IV system]] (2016) places the genus in the family [[Asphodelaceae]], subfamily [[Asphodeloideae]]. Within the subfamily it may be placed in the tribe [[Aloeae]].<ref name=APweb>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#aspasphodelaceae Asphodelaceae]". ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''. Retrieved 2016-06-09.</ref> In the past, it has been assigned to the family [[Aloaceae]] (now included in the Asphodeloidae) or to a broadly [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]] family [[Liliaceae]] (the lily family). The plant ''[[Agave americana]]'', which is sometimes called "American aloe", belongs to the [[Asparagaceae]], a different family. | ||
The genus is native to tropical and southern [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]], [[Jordan]], the [[Arabian Peninsula]], and various islands in the [[Indian Ocean]] ([[Mauritius]], [[Réunion]], [[Comoros]], etc.). A few species have also become naturalized in other regions ([[Mediterranean | The genus is native to tropical and southern [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]], [[Jordan]], the [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[India]] and various islands in the [[Indian Ocean]] ([[Mauritius]], [[Réunion]], [[Comoros]], etc.). A few species have also become naturalized in other regions ([[Mediterranean]], [[Australia]], [[North America|North]] and [[South America]], [[Hawaiian Islands]], etc.).<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30106039-2 |title=''Aloe'' |date=2022 |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=16 December 2022}}</ref> | ||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
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The [[APG IV system]] (2016) places the genus in the family [[Asphodelaceae]], subfamily [[Asphodeloideae]].<ref name=APweb/> In the past it has also been assigned to the families [[Liliaceae]] and Aloeaceae, as well as the family Asphodelaceae [[sensu stricto]], before this was merged into the Asphodelaceae [[sensu lato]]. | The [[APG IV system]] (2016) places the genus in the family [[Asphodelaceae]], subfamily [[Asphodeloideae]].<ref name=APweb/> In the past it has also been assigned to the families [[Liliaceae]] and Aloeaceae, as well as the family Asphodelaceae [[sensu stricto]], before this was merged into the Asphodelaceae [[sensu lato]]. | ||
The [[circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] of the genus has varied widely. Many genera, such as | The [[circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] of the genus has varied widely. Many genera, such as [[Lomatophyllum]],<ref name="WCSP_280369">{{cite web |title=''Lomatophyllum'' |work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=280369 |access-date=2013-02-25}}</ref> have been brought into [[synonym (taxonomy)|synonymy]]. Species at one time placed in ''Aloe'', such as ''[[Agave americana]]'', have been moved to other genera.<ref name="WCSP_297041">{{cite web |title=''Aloe americana'' |work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=297041 |access-date=2013-02-25}}</ref> [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic studies]], particularly from 2010 onwards, suggested that as then circumscribed, ''Aloe'' was not [[Monophyly|monophyletic]] and should be divided into more tightly defined genera. In 2014, [[John Charles Manning]] and coworkers produced a phylogeny in which ''Aloe'' was divided into six genera: ''[[Aloidendron]]'', ''[[Kumara (plant)|Kumara]]'', ''[[Aloiampelos]]'', ''Aloe'', ''[[Aristaloe]]'' and ''[[Gonialoe]]''.<ref name=MannBoatDaruMaur14/> | ||
=== Species === | === Species === | ||
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File:Aloe speciosa - tilt head aloe.jpg|''[[Aloe hexapetala]]'' (tilt-headed aloe) | File:Aloe speciosa - tilt head aloe.jpg|''[[Aloe hexapetala]]'' (tilt-headed aloe) | ||
File:Blooming aloes wide view alternate, with bright sun behind.jpg|Blooming ''[[Aloe arborescens]]'' | File:Blooming aloes wide view alternate, with bright sun behind.jpg|Blooming ''[[Aloe arborescens]]'' | ||
File:Aloe cooperi in flower IMG 1702e.JPG|''Aloe cooperi'' ('' | File:Aloe cooperi in flower IMG 1702e.JPG|''Aloe cooperi'' (''Kumara plicatilis'' in background on the right) | ||
File:Aloe hereroensis Auob C15.JPG|''[[Aloe hereroensis]]'' | File:Aloe hereroensis Auob C15.JPG|''[[Aloe hereroensis]]'' | ||
File:Aloe molederana.jpg|Aloe molederana | File:Aloe molederana.jpg|''Aloe molederana'' | ||
File:Aloe dijboutiensis whole plant.jpg|Aloe dijboutiensis | File:Aloe dijboutiensis whole plant.jpg|''Aloe dijboutiensis'' | ||
File:Aloe peglerae01.jpg|''[[Aloe peglerae]]'' | File:Aloe peglerae01.jpg|''[[Aloe peglerae]]'' | ||
File:Aloe saponaria 1.jpg|''[[Aloe maculata]]'' - prev. ''A. saponaria'' (soap aloe) | File:Aloe saponaria 1.jpg|''[[Aloe maculata]]'' - prev. ''A. saponaria'' (soap aloe) | ||
File:Aloe reitzii flowers.jpg|''[[Aloe reitzii]]'' | File:Aloe reitzii flowers.jpg|''[[Aloe reitzii]]'' | ||
File:Aloe arborescens leaf cross section.jpg|Aloe arborescens leaf cross section | File:Aloe arborescens leaf cross section.jpg|''Aloe arborescens'' leaf cross section | ||
File:Aloe karasbergensis young plant.jpg|Aloe karasbergensis - Plant 2023-0010-3 | File:Aloe karasbergensis young plant.jpg|''Aloe karasbergensis'' - Plant 2023-0010-3 | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist|refs= | {{Reflist|refs= | ||
<ref name=MannBoatDaruMaur14>{{Cite journal |last1=Manning |first1=John |last2=Boatwright |first2=James S. |last3=Daru |first3=Barnabas H. |last4=Maurin |first4=Olivier |last5=Bank |first5=Michelle van der |date=2014 |title=A Molecular Phylogeny and Generic Classification of Asphodelaceae Subfamily Alooideae: A Final Resolution of the Prickly Issue of Polyphyly in the Alooids? |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=55–74 |doi=10.1600/036364414X678044 |s2cid=86714657 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> | <ref name=MannBoatDaruMaur14>{{Cite journal |last1=Manning |first1=John |last2=Boatwright |first2=James S. |last3=Daru |first3=Barnabas H. |last4=Maurin |first4=Olivier |last5=Bank |first5=Michelle van der |date=2014 |title=A Molecular Phylogeny and Generic Classification of Asphodelaceae Subfamily Alooideae: A Final Resolution of the Prickly Issue of Polyphyly in the Alooids? |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=55–74 |doi=10.1600/036364414X678044 |bibcode=2014SysBo..39...55M |s2cid=86714657 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||