Functional group: Difference between revisions

| [[File:Alkene-2D-skeletal.svg|75px|Alkene]]

| alkenyl- || -ene

|-

| [[Alkyne]] || [[Alkyne|Alkynyl]]

| alkynyl- || -yne

| <chem>H-C#C-H</chem><br>[[Acetylene]]<br>''(Ethyne)''

|-

| [[Benzene|Benzene derivative]]

| RC₆H₅<br>RPh

| [[File:Phenyl-group.svg|75px|Phenyl]]

| [[File:Cumene-skeletal.svg|75px]]<br>[[Cumene]]<br>''(Isopropylbenzene)''

|}

There are also a large number of branched or ring alkanes that have specific names, e.g., [[tert-butyl]], [[bornyl]], [[cyclohexyl]], etc. There are several functional groups that contain an alkene such as [[vinyl group]], [[allyl group]], or [[Acryl|acrylic group]]. Hydrocarbons may form charged structures: positively charged [[carbocation]]s or negative [[carbanion]]s. Carbocations are often named ''-um''. Examples are [[tropylium]] and [[triphenylmethyl]] cations and the [[cyclopentadienyl]] anion.

===Groups containing oxygen===

{| class="wikitable" style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;width:300px"

|-

|-

| [[Alcohol (chemistry)|Alcohol]]

| ROH

| [[File:Hydroxy-group-bw.svg|60px|center|Hydroxyl]]

| RCOX

| [[File:Acyl-halide-skeletal2D.svg|75px|Acyl halide]]

| [[File:Acetyl-chloride.svg|75px|Acetyl chloride]]<br>[[Acetyl chloride]]<br>''(Ethanoyl chloride)''

|-

| alkanoyloxy-<br>or<br>alkoxycarbonyl

| alkyl alkan'''oate'''

|-

| [[Organic peroxide|Hydroperoxide]]

| [[Hemiketal]] || [[Hemiketal]]

| RC(ORʺ)(OH)R′

| alkoxy -ol

| -one alkyl '''hemiketal'''

| [[File:1°-amino-group.png|75px|Primary amine]]

| amino- || -amine

|-

| [[amine|Secondary amine]]

|-

| [[imine|Secondary ketimine]]

| [[File:Imine-(secondary)-skeletal.svg|75px|Imine]]

| imino- || -imine

| cyano-

| alkane'''nitrile'''<br>alkyl '''cyanide'''

|-

| [[Isonitrile]] || RNC

| -thioyl-<br>(-CSR')<br>or<br>sulfanylidene-<br>(=S)

| -'''thione'''

|-

| [[Thial]]

| methanethioyl-<br>(-CSH)<br>or<br>sulfanylidene-<br>(=S)

| -'''thial'''

|-

|rowspan=2| [[Thiocarboxylic acid]]