Burundi National Defence Force: Difference between revisions
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| name = Burundi National Defence Force | | name = Burundi National Defence Force | ||
| native_name = {{native name|fr|Force de Défense Nationale du Burundi}} | | native_name = {{native name|fr|Force de Défense Nationale du Burundi}} | ||
<br/>{{native name|rn|Urwego rw'ukwivuna abansi rw'Uburundi}} | |||
| image = Flag of Burundi.svg{{!}}border | | image = Flag of Burundi.svg{{!}}border | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| Line 10: | Line 11: | ||
| caption2 = | | caption2 = | ||
| motto = | | motto = | ||
| founded = | | founded = {{start date and age|df=y|1965|1|23}} | ||
| current_form = | | current_form = {{start date and age|df=y|2004|12|31}} | ||
| disbanded = | | disbanded = | ||
| branches = {{ubl|Ground Force| | | branches = {{ubl|Ground Force|Air Force|Naval Force}} | ||
| headquarters = | | headquarters = [[Bujumbura]], [[Burundi]] | ||
| website = {{URL|fdnb.bi/}} | | website = {{URL|https://fdnb.gov.bi/en/fdnb-0|Official website}} | ||
<!-- Leadership --> | <!-- Leadership -->| commander-in-chief = [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]] | ||
| commander-in-chief = [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]] | |||
| commander-in-chief_title = [[President of Burundi|Commander-in-chief]] | | commander-in-chief_title = [[President of Burundi|Commander-in-chief]] | ||
| chief minister = [[ | | chief minister = [[Nestor Ntahontuye]] | ||
| chief minister_title = [[Prime Minister of Burundi|Prime Minister]] | | chief minister_title = [[Prime Minister of Burundi|Prime Minister]] | ||
| minister = | | minister = [[Chantal Nijimbere]] | ||
| minister_title = [[Minister of National Defence (Burundi)|Minister of National Defense & War Veterans]] | | minister_title = [[Minister of National Defence (Burundi)|Minister of National Defense & War Veterans]] | ||
| commander = General [[Prime Niyongabo]] | | commander = [[Army general|General]] [[Prime Niyongabo]] | ||
| commander_title = [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Burundi)|Chief of the Defence Staff]] | | commander_title = [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Burundi)|Chief of the Defence Staff]] | ||
<!-- Manpower --> | <!-- Manpower -->| age = 18–64 | ||
| age = | |||
| conscription = | | conscription = | ||
| manpower_data = | | manpower_data = | ||
| manpower_age = | | manpower_age = | ||
| available = 3,662,688 | | available = 3,662,688 | ||
| available_f = | | available_f = | ||
| fit = | | fit = | ||
| fit_f = | | fit_f = | ||
| reaching = | | reaching = | ||
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| ranked = | | ranked = | ||
| reserve = | | reserve = | ||
| deployed = | | deployed = <!-- Financial --> | ||
<!-- Financial --> | |||
| amount = $US 64 million (2011) | | amount = $US 64 million (2011) | ||
| percent_GDP = 3.7% (2011) | | percent_GDP = 3.7% (2011) | ||
<!-- Industrial --> | <!-- Industrial -->| domestic_suppliers = | ||
| domestic_suppliers = | | foreign_suppliers = {{ubl|{{flag|China}}|{{flag|Russia}}|{{flag|Egypt}}|{{flag|Turkey}}|{{flag|South Africa}}|{{flag|India}}}} | ||
| foreign_suppliers = | |||
| imports = | | imports = | ||
| exports = | | exports = <!-- Related articles --> | ||
<!-- Related articles --> | |||
| history = {{tree list}} | | history = {{tree list}} | ||
* [[Burundian Civil War]] | * [[Burundian Civil War]] | ||
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* [[Somali Civil War]] | * [[Somali Civil War]] | ||
** [[African Union Mission in Somalia]] | ** [[African Union Mission in Somalia]] | ||
* [[Central African Republic Civil War]] | |||
** [[MINUSCA]] | |||
* [[War in Darfur]] | |||
** [[United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur]] | |||
* [[Kivu conflict]] | * [[Kivu conflict]] | ||
** [[M23 campaign (2022–present)]] | ** [[M23 campaign (2022–present)]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The '''Burundi National Defence Force''' ({{langx|fr|Force de Défense Nationale du Burundi}}; '''FDNB''') is the military of [[Burundi]]. A general staff commands the armed forces, consisting of a joint staff; a training staff, and a logistics staff. Naval and aviation commands exist, as well as specialised units.<ref name="loi1019">{{cite web|url=http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/3335.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/3335.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=LOI N° 1/019 DU 31 DECEMBRE 2004 Portant Creation, Organisation, MISSIONS, COMPOSITION ET FONCTIONNEMENT DE LA FORCE DE DEFENSE NATIONALE|publisher=Grandslacs.net|access-date=23 October 2014}}</ref> | The '''Burundi National Defence Force''' ({{langx|fr|Force de Défense Nationale du Burundi}}; '''FDNB'''; {{langx|rn|Urwego rw'ukwivuna abansi rw'Uburundi}}) is the military of [[Burundi]]. A general staff commands the armed forces, consisting of a joint staff; a training staff, and a logistics staff. Naval and aviation commands exist, as well as specialised units.<ref name="loi1019">{{cite web|url=http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/3335.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/3335.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=LOI N° 1/019 DU 31 DECEMBRE 2004 Portant Creation, Organisation, MISSIONS, COMPOSITION ET FONCTIONNEMENT DE LA FORCE DE DEFENSE NATIONALE|publisher=Grandslacs.net|access-date=23 October 2014}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Independence and early history (1962–1993)=== | ===Independence and early history (1962–1993)=== | ||
Under Belgian colonial rule, the [[League of Nations mandate|mandatory status]] of [[Ruanda-Urundi]] established limits on the recruitment of Barundi for military service. Instead, Ruanda-Urundi was garrisoned by a small unit of the [[Force Publique]] recruited in the [[Belgian Congo]] which combined its military role with the role of [[gendarmerie]]. Its members were popularly known as ''Bamina'' in Burundi, after the large military base at [[Kamina]] in the Congo.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bat |first1=Jean-Pierre |title=La police nationale du Burundi : quelle force pour quel ordre ? |url=http://libeafrica4.blogs.liberation.fr/2016/06/19/la-police-nationale-du-burundi-quelle-force-pour-quel-ordre/ |access-date=27 January 2019 |work=Libération—Africa4 |agency=Libération |date=19 June 2006 |location=Paris, France.}}</ref> Amid the Congo's independence, the Belgian colonial administration formed the Burundian National Guard (''Garde Nationale Burundaise'') in 1960. It consisted of 650 men, recruited equally from the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups (though the Tutsi mostly consisted of those from the Hima subgroup). When Burundi became independent in 1962 the force was renamed the Burundian National Army (''Armée Nationale Burundaise'') and assumed a purely military function.{{sfn|Daley|2008|p=59}} The gendarmarie function was allocated to a civilian authority called the National Gendarmerie (''Gendarmerie nationale'') after independence in 1962, | Under Belgian colonial rule, the [[League of Nations mandate|mandatory status]] of [[Ruanda-Urundi]] established limits on the recruitment of Barundi for military service. Instead, Ruanda-Urundi was garrisoned by a small unit of the [[Force Publique]] recruited in the [[Belgian Congo]] which combined its military role with the role of [[gendarmerie]]. Its members were popularly known as ''Bamina'' in Burundi, after the large military base at [[Kamina]] in the Congo.<ref name="Africa4">{{cite news |last1=Bat |first1=Jean-Pierre |title=La police nationale du Burundi : quelle force pour quel ordre ? |url=http://libeafrica4.blogs.liberation.fr/2016/06/19/la-police-nationale-du-burundi-quelle-force-pour-quel-ordre/ |access-date=27 January 2019 |work=Libération—Africa4 |agency=Libération |date=19 June 2006 |location=Paris, France.}}</ref> Amid the Congo's independence, the Belgian colonial administration formed the Burundian National Guard (''Garde Nationale Burundaise'') in 1960. It consisted of 650 men, recruited equally from the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups (though the Tutsi mostly consisted of those from the Hima subgroup). When Burundi became independent in 1962 the force was renamed the Burundian National Army (''Armée Nationale Burundaise'') and assumed a purely military function.{{sfn|Daley|2008|p=59}} The gendarmarie function was allocated to a civilian authority called the National Gendarmerie (''Gendarmerie nationale'') after independence in 1962,<ref name="Africa4"/> though this became part of the army on 7 March 1967.{{sfn|Weinstein|1976|p=186}} | ||
[[File:Burundian soldiers 1966.png|thumb|Burundian soldiers (wearing [[M1 helmet]]s) at the coronation ceremony of King Ntare V, 1 September 1966]] | [[File:Burundian soldiers 1966.png|thumb|Burundian soldiers (wearing [[M1 helmet]]s) at the coronation ceremony of King Ntare V, 1 September 1966]] | ||
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== Structure == | == Structure == | ||
=== Branches === | |||
==== Army ==== | |||
[[File:Burundi troops CAR.jpg|thumb|250px|Burundi troops of the Central African Multinational Force in the [[Central African Republic]].]] | [[File:Burundi troops CAR.jpg|thumb|250px|Burundi troops of the Central African Multinational Force in the [[Central African Republic]].]] | ||
In 2011 the [[IISS]] estimated that three Burundian battalions were deployed in [[Somalia]]. The army's forces in 2011 included, according to IISS estimates, 2 light armoured battalions (squadrons), seven infantry battalions and independent companies; and artillery, engineer, and air defence battalions (SA-7 'Grail' man-portable SAMs and 14.5mm, 23mm and 37mm guns were reported).<ref>IISS Military Balance 2011, 413, 414.</ref> | In 2011 the [[IISS]] estimated that three Burundian battalions were deployed in [[Somalia]]. The army's forces in 2011 included, according to IISS estimates, 2 light armoured battalions (squadrons), seven infantry battalions and independent companies; and artillery, engineer, and air defence battalions (SA-7 'Grail' man-portable SAMs and 14.5mm, 23mm and 37mm guns were reported).<ref>IISS Military Balance 2011, 413, 414.</ref> | ||
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Despite the elapse of another six years, the 2017 listing from the Military Balance was essentially unchanged except for an increase in size to some 30,000 and the addition of ten reserve infantry battalions.<ref>IISS Military Balance 2017, p.500.</ref> | Despite the elapse of another six years, the 2017 listing from the Military Balance was essentially unchanged except for an increase in size to some 30,000 and the addition of ten reserve infantry battalions.<ref>IISS Military Balance 2017, p.500.</ref> | ||
As of 2024 the Burundian ground forces consist of two armored battalions, seven infantry battalions, one artillery battalion, one air defense battalion, and one engineer battalion. | As of 2024 the Burundian ground forces consist of two armored battalions, seven infantry battalions, one artillery battalion, one air defense battalion, and one engineer battalion. | ||
==== Air Force ==== | |||
==== Navy ==== | |||
There navy included several patrol boats.{{sfn|IISS|2024|pages=476—477}} | |||
==== Specialized units ==== | |||
The specialized units are: | |||
* Special Brigade for the Protection of Institutions (BSPI) | |||
* Military Police | |||
* Headquarters | |||
==Equipment== | ==Equipment== | ||
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| {{Flag|France}} | | {{Flag|France}} | ||
| 9<ref name=IISS>{{cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]]|date=2021|title=The Military Balance|page=453|publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781032012278}}</ref> | | 9<ref name=IISS>{{cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]]|date=2021|title=The Military Balance|page=453|publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781032012278}}</ref> | ||
| In service | |||
|- | |||
| [[Fahd (armored personnel carrier)|Fahd 300]] | |||
| [[File:Egyptian Armored personnel carrier 'Fahd'.jpg|150px]] | |||
| [[Armored personnel carrier]] | |||
| {{Flag|Egypt}} | |||
| 19<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.military.africa/2019/11/amisom-burundi-troops-receives-new-armored-vehicles/ |title=AMISOM: Burundi troops receives new armored vehicles |access-date=2026-02-26|date=2019-11-11 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-land-defense/land-defense-2022/burundi-army-operating-fahd-300-4x4-apc-armored-personnel-carriers|title=Burundi army operating Fahd-300 4x4 APC armored personnel carriers. |access-date=2026-02-26|date=2022-02-16 }}</ref> | |||
| In service | | In service | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| {{Flag|United States}} | | {{Flag|United States}} | ||
| 16<ref name=IISS>{{cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]]|date=2021|title=The Military Balance|page=453|publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781032012278}}</ref> | | 16<ref name=IISS>{{cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]]|date=2021|title=The Military Balance|page=453|publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781032012278}}</ref> | ||
| In service | |||
|- | |||
| [[DCD HD Springbuck]] | |||
| | |||
| [[MRAP]] | |||
| {{Flag|South Africa}} | |||
| 10<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.military.africa/2019/11/amisom-burundi-troops-receives-new-armored-vehicles/ |title=AMISOM: Burundi troops receives new armored vehicles |access-date=2026-02-26|date=2019-11-11 }}</ref> | |||
| In service | | In service | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Type | ! Type | ||
! Versions | ! Versions | ||
! width=10%| Origin | |||
! In service | ! In service | ||
! Notes | ! Notes | ||
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| [[Utility helicopter]] | | [[Utility helicopter]] | ||
|SA 316 | |SA 316 | ||
| {{Flag|France}} | |||
| 3<ref name="World Air Forces 2025">{{cite web |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |year=2024 |title=World Air Forces 2025 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=106507 |access-date=1 April 2025 |publisher=Flight Global |doi=}}</ref> | | 3<ref name="World Air Forces 2025">{{cite web |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |year=2024 |title=World Air Forces 2025 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=106507 |access-date=1 April 2025 |publisher=Flight Global |doi=}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
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| [[Utility helicopter]] | | [[Utility helicopter]] | ||
| SA 342L | | SA 342L | ||
| {{Flag|France}} | |||
| 6<ref name="World Air Forces 2025"/> | | 6<ref name="World Air Forces 2025"/> | ||
| | | | ||
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| [[Attack helicopter]] | | [[Attack helicopter]] | ||
| Mi-35 | | Mi-35 | ||
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}/{{Flag|Russia}} | |||
| 3<ref name="World Air Forces 2025"/> | | 3<ref name="World Air Forces 2025"/> | ||
| | | | ||