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imported>JJMC89 bot III m Merging Category:English-speaking countries and territories to Category:Countries and territories where English is an official language per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2025 June 22#X-speaking countries and territories |
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The '''Channel Islands'''{{refn|group=note|{{langx|nrf|Îles d'la Manche}}; {{langx|fr|îles Anglo-Normandes}} or {{lang|fr|îles de la Manche}}. The term {{lang|fr|Îles de la Manche}} is the official French appellation in the islands themselves, whereas in [[France]] the usual term is {{lang|fr|Îles Anglo-Normandes}}.}} are an [[archipelago]] in the [[English Channel]], off the French coast of [[Normandy]]. They are divided into two [[Crown Dependencies]]: the [[Jersey|Bailiwick of Jersey]], which is the largest of the islands; and the [[Bailiwick of Guernsey]], consisting of [[Guernsey]], [[Alderney]], [[Sark]], [[Herm]] and some smaller islands. Historically, they are the remnants of the [[Duchy of Normandy]]. Although they are not part of the [[United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandCrowndependencies/ChannelIslands.aspx |title=Royal.gov.uk |publisher=Royal.gov.uk |access-date=4 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921052748/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandCrowndependencies/ChannelIslands.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref> the UK is responsible for the defence and international relations of the islands as it is for the other Crown Dependency, the [[Isle of Man]], and the [[British Overseas Territories]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]] |title=Fact sheet on the UK's relationship with the Crown Dependencies |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/361537/crown-dependencies.pdf |website=[[Gov.uk]] |access-date=14 February 2016 |quote=HM Government is responsible for the defence and international relations of the Islands. |archive-date=9 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209173145/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/361537/crown-dependencies.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The Crown Dependencies are neither members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], nor part of the [[European Union]]. They have a total population of about {{UN_Population|Channel Islands}}, and the bailiwicks' [[Capital city|capitals]], [[Saint Helier]] and [[Saint Peter Port]], have populations of 33,500 and 18,207 respectively. | The '''Channel Islands'''{{refn|group=note|{{langx|nrf|Îles d'la Manche}}; {{langx|fr|îles Anglo-Normandes}} or {{lang|fr|îles de la Manche}}. The term {{lang|fr|Îles de la Manche}} is the official French appellation in the islands themselves, whereas in [[France]] the usual term is {{lang|fr|Îles Anglo-Normandes}}.}} are an [[archipelago]] in the [[English Channel]], off the French coast of [[Normandy]]. They are divided into two [[Crown Dependencies]]: the [[Jersey|Bailiwick of Jersey]], which is the largest of the islands; and the [[Bailiwick of Guernsey]], consisting of [[Guernsey]], [[Alderney]], [[Sark]], [[Herm]] and some smaller islands. Historically, they are the remnants of the [[Duchy of Normandy]]. | ||
Although they are not part of the [[United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandCrowndependencies/ChannelIslands.aspx |title=Royal.gov.uk |publisher=Royal.gov.uk |access-date=4 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921052748/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandCrowndependencies/ChannelIslands.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref> the UK is responsible for the defence and international relations of the islands as it is for the other Crown Dependency, the [[Isle of Man]], and the [[British Overseas Territories]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]] |title=Fact sheet on the UK's relationship with the Crown Dependencies |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/361537/crown-dependencies.pdf |website=[[Gov.uk]] |access-date=14 February 2016 |quote=HM Government is responsible for the defence and international relations of the Islands. |archive-date=9 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209173145/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/361537/crown-dependencies.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The Crown Dependencies are neither members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], nor part of the [[European Union]]. They have a total population of about {{UN_Population|Channel Islands}}, and the bailiwicks' [[Capital city|capitals]], [[Saint Helier]] and [[Saint Peter Port]], have populations of 33,500 and 18,207 respectively. | |||
"Channel Islands" is a geographical term, not a political unit. The two [[bailiwick]]s have been administered separately since the late 13th century. Each has its own independent laws, elections, and representative bodies (although in modern times, politicians from the islands' legislatures are in regular contact). Any institution common to both is the exception rather than the rule. | "Channel Islands" is a geographical term, not a political unit. The two [[bailiwick]]s have been administered separately since the late 13th century. Each has its own independent laws, elections, and representative bodies (although in modern times, politicians from the islands' legislatures are in regular contact). Any institution common to both is the exception rather than the rule. | ||
The Bailiwick of Guernsey is divided into three jurisdictions – Guernsey, Alderney and Sark – each with its own [[legislature]]. Although there are a few pan-island institutions (such as the Channel Islands Brussels Office, the Director of Civil Aviation and the Channel Islands Financial Ombudsman,<ref>{{ | The Bailiwick of Guernsey is divided into three jurisdictions – Guernsey, Alderney and Sark – each with its own [[legislature]]. Although there are a few pan-island institutions (such as the Channel Islands Brussels Office, the Director of Civil Aviation and the [[Channel Islands Financial Ombudsman]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Ombudsman Decisions |url=https://www.ci-fo.org/ombudsman-decisions/ |website=Channel Islands Financial Ombudsman |access-date=9 November 2025}}</ref> which are actually joint ventures between the bailiwicks), these tend to be established structurally as equal projects between Guernsey and Jersey. Otherwise, entities whose names imply membership of both Guernsey and Jersey might in fact be from one bailiwick only. For instance, [[The International Stock Exchange]] is in Saint Peter Port and therefore is in Guernsey. | ||
The term "Channel Islands" began to be used around 1830, possibly first by the [[Royal Navy]] as a collective name for the islands.<ref name="ATMS">{{cite book |last=Graham |first=Richard |title=At their Majesties' Service |publisher=Gateway Publishing |isbn=9781902471129 |date=2015}}</ref>{{rp|158}} The term refers only to the archipelago to the west of the [[Cotentin Peninsula]]. Other populated islands located in the English Channel, and close to the coast of Britain, such as the [[Isle of Wight]], [[Hayling Island]] and [[Portsea Island]], are not regarded as "Channel Islands". | The term "Channel Islands" began to be used around 1830, possibly first by the [[Royal Navy]] as a collective name for the islands.<ref name="ATMS">{{cite book |last=Graham |first=Richard |title=At their Majesties' Service |publisher=Gateway Publishing |isbn=9781902471129 |date=2015}}</ref>{{rp|158}} The term refers only to the archipelago to the west of the [[Cotentin Peninsula]]. Other populated islands located in the English Channel, and close to the coast of Britain, such as the [[Isle of Wight]], [[Hayling Island]] and [[Portsea Island]], are not regarded as "Channel Islands". | ||
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*[[Sark]] (600) ({{convert|5.45|km2|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) | *[[Sark]] (600) ({{convert|5.45|km2|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) | ||
*[[Herm]] (60) ({{convert|2|km2|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) | *[[Herm]] (60) ({{convert|2|km2|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) | ||
*[[Jethou]] (3) ({{convert|0.2|km2|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) | *[[Jethou]] (3) ({{convert|0.2|km2|acre|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) | ||
*[[Brecqhou|Brecqhou (Brechou)]] (1) ({{convert|0.3|km2|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) | *[[Brecqhou|Brecqhou (Brechou)]] (1) ({{convert|0.3|km2|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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*[[Casquets]] | *[[Casquets]] | ||
*[[Ortac]] | *[[Ortac]] | ||
*Renonquet | *[[Renonquet]] | ||
These lie off Guernsey: | These lie off Guernsey: | ||
*[[Caquorobert]] | *[[Caquorobert]] | ||
*[[Crevichon]] | *[[Crevichon]] | ||
*Grande Amfroque | *[[Grande Amfroque]] | ||
*[[Houmets|Les Houmets]] | *[[Houmets|Les Houmets]] | ||
*[[Lihou]] (occupied for part of the year) | *[[Lihou]] (occupied for part of the year) | ||
*[[Bréhon Tower|Bréhon Rock]] | |||
These lie off [[Sark|Sark:]] | |||
* [[L'Etac de Sark|L'Etac]] | |||
|} | |} | ||
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In 933, the islands were granted to [[William I Longsword]] by [[Rudolph of France|Raoul]], [[List of French monarchs#Carolingian Dynasty (752–987)|the King of Western Francia]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Stapleton |first=Thomas |title=Magni rotuli scaccarii Normanniæ sub regibus Angliæ |date=1840 |page=lii}}</ref> and annexed to the [[Duchy of Normandy]]. In 1066, [[William I of England|William II of Normandy]] invaded and conquered England, becoming William I of England, also known as William the Conqueror. In the period 1204–1214, [[John of England|King John]] lost the [[Angevin lands]] in northern France, including mainland Normandy, to [[Philip II of France|King Philip II of France]], but managed to retain control of the Channel Islands. In 1259, his successor, [[Henry III of England]], by the [[Treaty of Paris (1259)|Treaty of Paris]], officially surrendered his claim and title to the Duchy of Normandy, while retaining the Channel Islands, as peer of France and feudal vassal of the King of France. Since around 1290, [[Otto de Grandson]] split the Channel Islands into two separate bailiwicks which were never absorbed into the [[Kingdom of England]] nor its successor kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] or the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]. During the [[Hundred Years' War]], the Channel Islands were part of the French territory recognizing the [[English claims to the French throne|claims of the English kings to the French throne]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} | In 933, the islands were granted to [[William I Longsword]] by [[Rudolph of France|Raoul]], [[List of French monarchs#Carolingian Dynasty (752–987)|the King of Western Francia]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Stapleton |first=Thomas |title=Magni rotuli scaccarii Normanniæ sub regibus Angliæ |date=1840 |page=lii}}</ref> and annexed to the [[Duchy of Normandy]]. In 1066, [[William I of England|William II of Normandy]] invaded and conquered England, becoming William I of England, also known as William the Conqueror. In the period 1204–1214, [[John of England|King John]] lost the [[Angevin lands]] in northern France, including mainland Normandy, to [[Philip II of France|King Philip II of France]], but managed to retain control of the Channel Islands. In 1259, his successor, [[Henry III of England]], by the [[Treaty of Paris (1259)|Treaty of Paris]], officially surrendered his claim and title to the Duchy of Normandy, while retaining the Channel Islands, as peer of France and feudal vassal of the King of France. Since around 1290, [[Otto de Grandson]] split the Channel Islands into two separate bailiwicks which were never absorbed into the [[Kingdom of England]] nor its successor kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] or the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]. During the [[Hundred Years' War]], the Channel Islands were part of the French territory recognizing the [[English claims to the French throne|claims of the English kings to the French throne]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} | ||
The islands were invaded by the French in 1338, who held some territory until 1345. [[Edward III of England]] granted a Charter in July 1341 to Jersey, Guernsey, Sark and Alderney, confirming their customs and laws to secure allegiance to the English Crown.<ref name="Charters">{{cite book |last=Thornton |first=Tim |title=The Charters of Guernsey |publisher=Woodfield Publishing |date=2004 |isbn=978-1903953655}}</ref>{{rp|2–4}} [[Owain Lawgoch]], a mercenary leader of a [[Free Company]] in the service of the French Crown, attacked Jersey and Guernsey in 1372, and in 1373 [[Bertrand du Guesclin]] besieged [[Mont Orgueil]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090512190613/http://www.thisisjersey.com/community/history-heritage/bertrand-du-guesclin/ Bertrand du Guesclin: The Black Dog of Brittany]}} Thisisjersey.com, copyright 2010, accessed 31 October 2010.</ref> The young King [[Richard II of England]] reconfirmed in 1378 the Charter rights granted by his grandfather, followed in 1394 with a second Charter granting, because of great loyalty shown to the Crown, exemption forever, from English tolls, customs and duties.<ref name=Charters/>{{rp|5–10}} Jersey was occupied by the French in 1461 as part of an exchange for helping the Lancastrians fight against the Yorkists during [[The War of the Roses]]. It was retaken by the Yorkists in 1468. In 1483 a [[Papal bull]] decreed that the islands would be neutral during time of war. This privilege of neutrality enabled islanders to trade with both France and England and was respected until 1689 when it was abolished by [[Order in Council]] following the [[Glorious Revolution]] in Great Britain.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} | The islands were invaded by the French in 1338, who held some territory until 1345. [[Edward III|Edward III of England]] granted a Charter in July 1341 to Jersey, Guernsey, Sark and Alderney, confirming their customs and laws to secure allegiance to the English Crown.<ref name="Charters">{{cite book |last=Thornton |first=Tim |title=The Charters of Guernsey |publisher=Woodfield Publishing |date=2004 |isbn=978-1903953655}}</ref>{{rp|2–4}} [[Owain Lawgoch]], a mercenary leader of a [[Free Company]] in the service of the French Crown, attacked Jersey and Guernsey in 1372, and in 1373 [[Bertrand du Guesclin]] besieged [[Mont Orgueil]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090512190613/http://www.thisisjersey.com/community/history-heritage/bertrand-du-guesclin/ Bertrand du Guesclin: The Black Dog of Brittany]}} Thisisjersey.com, copyright 2010, accessed 31 October 2010.</ref> The young King [[Richard II of England]] reconfirmed in 1378 the Charter rights granted by his grandfather, followed in 1394 with a second Charter granting, because of great loyalty shown to the Crown, exemption forever, from English tolls, customs and duties.<ref name=Charters/>{{rp|5–10}} Jersey was occupied by the French in 1461 as part of an exchange for helping the Lancastrians fight against the Yorkists during [[The War of the Roses]]. It was retaken by the Yorkists in 1468. In 1483 a [[Papal bull]] decreed that the islands would be neutral during time of war. This privilege of neutrality enabled islanders to trade with both France and England and was respected until 1689 when it was abolished by [[Order in Council]] following the [[Glorious Revolution]] in Great Britain.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} | ||
Various attempts to transfer the islands from the diocese of Coutances (to Nantes (1400), Salisbury (1496), and Winchester (1499)) had little effect until an Order in Council of 1569 brought the islands formally into the [[diocese of Winchester]]. Control by the bishop of Winchester was ineffectual as the islands had turned overwhelmingly [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] and the [[episcopacy]] was not restored until 1620 in Jersey and 1663 in Guernsey.<ref>{{citation |title= The Channel Islands |pages= 5–6 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UlY6unhtCEAC&dq=Various+attempts+to+transfer+the+islands+from+the+diocese+of+Coutances+%28to+Nantes+%281400%29%2C+Salisbury+%281496%29%2C+and+Winchester+%281499%29%29+had+little+effect+until+an+Order+in+Council+of+1569+brought+the+islands+formally+into+the+diocese+of+Winchester.+Control+by+the+bishop+of+Winchester+was+ineffectual+as+the+islands+had+turned+overwhelmingly+Calvinist+and+the+episcopacy+was+not+restored+until+1620+in+Jersey+and+1663+in+Guernsey&pg=PA5}}, Google Books</ref> | Various attempts to transfer the islands from the diocese of Coutances (to Nantes (1400), Salisbury (1496), and Winchester (1499)) had little effect until an Order in Council of 1569 brought the islands formally into the [[diocese of Winchester]]. Control by the bishop of Winchester was ineffectual as the islands had turned overwhelmingly [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] and the [[episcopacy]] was not restored until 1620 in Jersey and 1663 in Guernsey.<ref>{{citation |title= The Channel Islands |pages= 5–6 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UlY6unhtCEAC&dq=Various+attempts+to+transfer+the+islands+from+the+diocese+of+Coutances+%28to+Nantes+%281400%29%2C+Salisbury+%281496%29%2C+and+Winchester+%281499%29%29+had+little+effect+until+an+Order+in+Council+of+1569+brought+the+islands+formally+into+the+diocese+of+Winchester.+Control+by+the+bishop+of+Winchester+was+ineffectual+as+the+islands+had+turned+overwhelmingly+Calvinist+and+the+episcopacy+was+not+restored+until+1620+in+Jersey+and+1663+in+Guernsey&pg=PA5}}, Google Books</ref> | ||
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There was no [[resistance movement]] in the Channel Islands on the scale of that in [[French Resistance|mainland France]]. This has been ascribed to a range of factors including the physical separation of the islands, the density of troops (up to one German for every two Islanders), the small size of the islands precluding any hiding places for [[Resistance during World War II|resistance]] groups, and the absence of the [[Gestapo]] from the occupying forces. Moreover, much of the population of military age had already joined the British Army. | There was no [[resistance movement]] in the Channel Islands on the scale of that in [[French Resistance|mainland France]]. This has been ascribed to a range of factors including the physical separation of the islands, the density of troops (up to one German for every two Islanders), the small size of the islands precluding any hiding places for [[Resistance during World War II|resistance]] groups, and the absence of the [[Gestapo]] from the occupying forces. Moreover, much of the population of military age had already joined the British Army. | ||
The end of the occupation came after [[VE-Day]] on 8 May 1945, with Jersey and Guernsey being liberated on 9 May. The German garrison in Alderney was left until 16 May, and it was one of the last of the [[Nazi German]] remnants to surrender.<ref name="dday">{{cite web |author=Legacy Publishers |title=Nazi Germany Surrenders: February 1945 – May 1945 |date=11 September 2007 |url=http://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-ii/nazi-germany-surrenders12.htm}}</ref> The first evacuees returned on the first sailing from Great Britain on 23 June,<ref name="GOotCI" /> but the people of Alderney were unable to start returning until December 1945. Many of the evacuees who returned home had difficulty reconnecting with their families after five years of separation.<ref name="guernseyevacuees.wordpress.com"/> | The end of the occupation came after [[VE-Day]] on 8 May 1945, with Jersey and Guernsey being liberated on 9 May. The German garrison in Alderney was not left until 16 May, and it was one of the last of the [[Nazi German]] remnants to surrender.<ref name="dday">{{cite web |author=Legacy Publishers |title=Nazi Germany Surrenders: February 1945 – May 1945 |date=11 September 2007 |url=http://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-ii/nazi-germany-surrenders12.htm}}</ref> The first evacuees returned on the first sailing from Great Britain on 23 June,<ref name="GOotCI" /> but the people of Alderney were unable to start returning until December 1945. Many of the evacuees who returned home had difficulty reconnecting with their families after five years of separation.<ref name="guernseyevacuees.wordpress.com"/> | ||
====After 1945==== | ====After 1945==== | ||
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<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:Flag of Alderney.svg|Flag of [[Alderney]] | File:Flag of Alderney.svg|Flag of [[Alderney]] | ||
File:Flag of Brecqhou.svg|Flag of [[Brecqhou]] | File:Flag of Brecqhou 2024.svg|Flag of [[Brecqhou]] | ||
File:Flag of Guernsey.svg|Flag of [[Guernsey]] | File:Flag of Guernsey.svg|Flag of [[Guernsey]] | ||
File:Flag of Herm.svg|Flag of [[Herm]] | File:Flag of Herm.svg|Flag of [[Herm]] | ||
File:Flag of Jersey.svg|Flag of [[Jersey]] | File:Flag of Jersey.svg|Flag of [[Jersey]] | ||
File:Flag of Sark.svg|Flag of [[Sark]] | File:Flag of Sark (bordered).svg|Flag of [[Sark]] | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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Jersey is heavily reliant on financial services, with 39.4% of Gross Value Added (GVA) in 2018 contributed by the sector. Rental income comes second at 15.1% with other business activities at 11.2%. Tourism 4.5% with agriculture contributing just 1.2% and manufacturing even lower at 1.1%. GVA has fluctuated between £4.5 and £5 billion for 20 years.<ref name="Jsy2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20GVA%20and%20GDP%202018%2020191002%20SJ.pdf |title=Measuring Jersey's economy GVA and GDP – 2018 |publisher=States of Jersey |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-date=21 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821175751/https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20GVA%20and%20GDP%202018%2020191002%20SJ.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> | Jersey is heavily reliant on financial services, with 39.4% of Gross Value Added (GVA) in 2018 contributed by the sector. Rental income comes second at 15.1% with other business activities at 11.2%. Tourism 4.5% with agriculture contributing just 1.2% and manufacturing even lower at 1.1%. GVA has fluctuated between £4.5 and £5 billion for 20 years.<ref name="Jsy2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20GVA%20and%20GDP%202018%2020191002%20SJ.pdf |title=Measuring Jersey's economy GVA and GDP – 2018 |publisher=States of Jersey |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-date=21 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821175751/https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20GVA%20and%20GDP%202018%2020191002%20SJ.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
Jersey has had a steadily rising population, increasing from below 90,000 in 2000 to over 105,000 in 2018 which combined with a flat GVA has resulted in GVA per head of population falling from £57,000 to £44,000 per person.<ref name="Jsy2018"/> | Despite having only 250,000 residents, the Channel islands combined with the Isle of Man are the second-biggest source of foreign direct investment in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TBIJ |first=Franz at |title=Why does dirty money wash up in the Channel Islands? |url=https://tbij-uncovered.beehiiv.com/p/why-does-dirty-money-wash-up-in-the-channel-islands |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Uncovered |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Jersey has had a steadily rising population, increasing from below 90,000 in 2000 to over 105,000 in 2018 which combined with a flat GVA has resulted in GVA per head of population falling from £57,000 to £44,000 per person.<ref name="Jsy2018" /> | |||
In 2018, Guernsey had a GDP of £3.2 billion<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.gg/gdp |title=Gross Value Added and Gross Domestic Product |date=4 November 2015 |publisher=Guernsey government |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113182349/https://www.gov.gg/gdp |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=120674&p=0 |title=Guernsey Annual GVA and GDP Bulletin 2018 (First Estimates) |date=15 August 2019 |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716041544/https://www.gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=120674&p=0 |url-status=live}}</ref> and with a stable population of around 66,000 has had a steadily rising GDP, and a GVA per head of population which in 2018 surpassed £52,000.<ref name="Jsy2018"/> | In 2018, Guernsey had a GDP of £3.2 billion<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.gg/gdp |title=Gross Value Added and Gross Domestic Product |date=4 November 2015 |publisher=Guernsey government |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113182349/https://www.gov.gg/gdp |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=120674&p=0 |title=Guernsey Annual GVA and GDP Bulletin 2018 (First Estimates) |date=15 August 2019 |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716041544/https://www.gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=120674&p=0 |url-status=live}}</ref> and with a stable population of around 66,000 has had a steadily rising GDP, and a GVA per head of population which in 2018 surpassed £52,000.<ref name="Jsy2018"/> | ||
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====Sea==== | ====Sea==== | ||
In the 1960s, names used for the cross-Channel ferries plying the mail route between the islands and [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]], Dorset, were taken from the popular Latin names for the islands: {{lang|la|Caesarea}} (Jersey), {{lang|la|Sarnia}} (Guernsey) and {{lang|la|Riduna}} (Alderney). | In the 1960s, names used for the cross-Channel ferries plying the mail route between the islands and [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]], Dorset, were taken from the popular Latin names for the islands: {{lang|la|Caesarea}} (Jersey), {{lang|la|Sarnia}} (Guernsey) and {{lang|la|Riduna}} (Alderney). Today, ferry services between the Channel Islands, the United Kingdom, and [[France]] are operated by two primary [[shipping companies]], [[Brittany Ferries]] in Guernsey and [[DFDS Seaways]] in Jersey. This follows the cessation of the pan-Channel Island operation under [[Condor Ferries]], after the collapse of a joint ferry tender process in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2025|title=Brittany Ferries takes control of Guernsey's sea links |url=https://www.islandfm.com/news/guernsey/brittany-ferries-takes-control-of-guernseys-sea-links |work=[[Island FM]] |access-date= 6 February 2026|language=en-GB}}</ref> | ||
Other services to France are operated by {{lang|fr|Manche Îles Express|italic=no}}. The Isle of Sark Shipping Company operates small ferries to Sark.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sark Travel |url=https://www.simplysark.co.uk/en/visit-sark/how-to-get-here |access-date=24 August 2023}}</ref> Normandy Trader operates an ex military tank landing craft for transporting freight between the islands and France.<ref>{{cite web |title=Normandy Trader |url=https://normandytrader.je/#services |access-date=24 August 2023}}</ref> | |||
On 20 August 2013, {{lang|fr|Huelin-Renouf|italic=no}}, which had operated a "lift-on lift-off" container service for 80 years between the [[Port of Southampton]] and the Port of [[Jersey]], ceased trading.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-23766025 |title=Shipping company stops trading |work=BBC News |date=20 August 2013 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018174101/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-23766025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Senator [[Alan J. H. Maclean|Alan Maclean]], a Jersey politician, had previously tried to save the 90-odd jobs furnished by the company to no avail.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-23737973 |title=Shipping company at risk of closure |work=BBC News |date=17 August 2013 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102163559/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-23737973 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 20 September, it was announced that Channel Island Lines would continue this service, and would purchase the MV ''Huelin Dispatch'' from [[Associated British Ports]] who in turn had purchased them from the receiver in the bankruptcy.<ref name=cil>{{cite news |title=New Channel Island company offers freight service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-24176612 |work=BBC News |date=20 September 2013 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018174633/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-24176612 |url-status=live}}</ref> The new operator was to be funded by Rockayne Limited, a closely held association of Jersey businesspeople.<ref name=cil/> | On 20 August 2013, {{lang|fr|Huelin-Renouf|italic=no}}, which had operated a "lift-on lift-off" container service for 80 years between the [[Port of Southampton]] and the Port of [[Jersey]], ceased trading.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-23766025 |title=Shipping company stops trading |work=BBC News |date=20 August 2013 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018174101/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-23766025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Senator [[Alan J. H. Maclean|Alan Maclean]], a Jersey politician, had previously tried to save the 90-odd jobs furnished by the company to no avail.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-23737973 |title=Shipping company at risk of closure |work=BBC News |date=17 August 2013 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102163559/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-23737973 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 20 September, it was announced that Channel Island Lines would continue this service, and would purchase the MV ''Huelin Dispatch'' from [[Associated British Ports]] who in turn had purchased them from the receiver in the bankruptcy.<ref name=cil>{{cite news |title=New Channel Island company offers freight service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-24176612 |work=BBC News |date=20 September 2013 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018174633/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-24176612 |url-status=live}}</ref> The new operator was to be funded by Rockayne Limited, a closely held association of Jersey businesspeople.<ref name=cil/> | ||
====Air==== | ====Air==== | ||
[[File:ATR | [[File:Aurigny ATR 72-600 (G-ORAI) @ BHX, 2021-03-07.jpg|thumb|[[ATR 72-600]] of [[Aurigny|Aurigny Air Services]]]] | ||
There are three airports in the Channel Islands: [[Alderney Airport]], [[Guernsey Airport]] and [[Jersey Airport]]. They are directly connected | There are three airports in the Channel Islands: [[Alderney Airport]], [[Guernsey Airport]], and [[Jersey Airport]]. They are directly connected by services operated by Guernsey-based airline [[Aurigny]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Young |first=Lisa |date=10 January 2026 |title=Airline pledges 'much better' inter-island service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c1kl4zkk7wx |access-date=10 February 2026 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Filleul |first1=Ruby |last2=Hannah |first2=Kit |date=14 January 2026 |title=Aurigny increases number of flights for Alderney Week |url=https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/news-ge/aurigny-increases-number-of-flights-for-alderney-week/ |access-date=10 February 2026 |work=Bailiwick Express}}</ref> | ||
====Rail==== | ====Rail==== | ||
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===Media=== | ===Media=== | ||
The Channel Islands are served by a number of local radio services – [[BBC Radio Jersey]] and [[BBC Radio Guernsey]], [[Channel 103]] and [[Island FM]] – as well as regional television news | The Channel Islands are served by a number of local radio services – [[BBC Radio Jersey]] and [[BBC Radio Guernsey]], [[Channel 103]] and [[Island FM]] – as well as regional television news from the [[Spotlight (BBC News)#BBC Channel Islands|BBC Channel Islands]] [[local insertion|opt-out]], and [[ITV Channel Television]]. | ||
On 1 August 2021, DAB+ digital radio became available for the first time, introducing new stations like the local Bailiwick Radio and [[Soleil Radio]], and UK-wide services like [[Capital (radio network)|Capital]], [[Heart (radio network)|Heart]], and [[Times Radio]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://radiotoday.co.uk/2021/08/channel-islands-digital-radio-launches-with-an-all-dab-line-up/ |title=Channel Islands digital radio launches with an all DAB+ line-up – RadioToday| date=August 2021 }}</ref> | On 1 August 2021, DAB+ digital radio became available for the first time, introducing new stations like the local Bailiwick Radio and [[Soleil Radio]], and UK-wide services like [[Capital (radio network)|Capital]], [[Heart (radio network)|Heart]], and [[Times Radio]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://radiotoday.co.uk/2021/08/channel-islands-digital-radio-launches-with-an-all-dab-line-up/ |title=Channel Islands digital radio launches with an all DAB+ line-up – RadioToday| date=August 2021 }}</ref> | ||
There are two broadcast transmitters serving Jersey – at [[ | There are two broadcast transmitters serving Jersey – at [[Fremont Point transmitting station|Fremont Point]] and Les Platons – as well as one at Les Touillets in Guernsey and a relay in Alderney. | ||
There are several local newspapers including the [[Guernsey Press and Star|Guernsey Press]] and the [[Jersey Evening Post]] and | There are several local newspapers and media groups, including the [[Guernsey Press and Star|Guernsey Press]] and All Island Media, which runs the [[Jersey Evening Post]] and Bailiwick Express.<ref>{{cite news |title=Main board for JEP and Bailiwick Express announced |url=https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/main-board-all-island-news-confirmed/ |work=Bailiwick Express |access-date=10 February 2026}}</ref> | ||
===Telephone=== | ===Telephone=== | ||
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[[Category:British Isles]] | [[Category:British Isles]] | ||
[[Category:Northwestern Europe]] | [[Category:Northwestern Europe]] | ||
[[Category:Countries and territories where English is an official language]] | [[Category:Countries and territories where English is an official language]] | ||
[[Category:Special territories of the European Union]] | [[Category:Special territories of the European Union]] | ||