Cymbal: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Characteristic rock hi-hat pattern.png|thumb|Characteristic rock hi-hat pattern. {{Audio|Characteristic rock hi-hat pattern.mid|play}}]] | [[File:Characteristic rock hi-hat pattern.png|thumb|Characteristic rock hi-hat pattern. {{Audio|Characteristic rock hi-hat pattern.mid|play}}]] | ||
The '''cymbals''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|m|b|əl|z|audio=En-us-cymbal.ogg}}) are common [[percussion instrument|percussion instruments]]. Often used in pairs, cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of [[Cymbal alloys|various copper alloys]]. The majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs (such as [[crotales]]) sound a definite note. Cymbals are used in many ensembles ranging from the orchestra and percussion ensembles to jazz bands, rock bands, and marching bands. [[Drum kit]]s usually incorporate at least a [[crash cymbal|crash]], a [[ride cymbal|ride]], or a [[crash/ride]] cymbal and a pair of [[Hi-hat (instrument)|hi-hat]] cymbals. A player of cymbals is known as a '''cymbalist'''. | |||
[[File:Cymbal in use - dusseldorf germany - 2014 12 27.webm|thumb|A cymbalist using a cymbal as part of a larger musical arrangement.]] | [[File:Cymbal in use - dusseldorf germany - 2014 12 27.webm|thumb|A cymbalist using a cymbal as part of a larger musical arrangement.]] | ||
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[[File:Beckenpaar Mesopotamien Slg Ebnöther.jpg|thumb|[[Mesopotamia]]n cymbals from the 3rd millennium B.C. show that the large cymbal dates back into antiquity.]] | [[File:Beckenpaar Mesopotamien Slg Ebnöther.jpg|thumb|[[Mesopotamia]]n cymbals from the 3rd millennium B.C. show that the large cymbal dates back into antiquity.]] | ||
The [[Shahnameh]] (circa 977 and 1010 CE) mentions the use of cymbals at least 14 times in its text, most in the context of creating a loud din in war, to frighten the enemy or to celebrate. The Persian word is ''sanj'' or ''senj'' ({{lang|fa|سنج}}), but the Shahnameh does not claim these to be Persian in origin. Several times it calls | The [[Shahnameh]] (circa 977 and 1010 CE) mentions the use of cymbals at least 14 times in its text, most in the context of creating a loud din in war, to frighten the enemy or to celebrate. The Persian word is ''sanj'' or ''senj'' ({{lang|fa|سنج}}), but the Shahnameh does not claim these to be Persian in origin. Several times it calls them "Indian cymbals." Other adjectives to describe them include "golden" and "brass," and to play them is to "clash" them.<ref name=Penguin>{{cite book |author=[[Ferdowsi|Abolqasem Ferdowski]] |translator=Dick Davis |title=[[Shahnameh]] |publisher=Penguin Books |place=New York |date=2016 |isbn=9781101993231 |section=Ardeshir’s War Against Ardavan; Ardavan Is Killed |quote=and the columns resounded with the blare of trumpets and bugles, the jangling of bells, and the clashing of Indian cymbals.}}</ref> | ||
A different form is called ''sanj angshati'' ({{lang|fa|سنج انگشتی}}), these are [[zill]]. | A different form is called ''sanj angshati'' ({{lang|fa|سنج انگشتی}}), these are [[zill]]. | ||