Craps: Difference between revisions

Line 3:

{{Multiple issues|

~~{{Cleanup MOS|article|, , |date=December 2022}}~~

}}

{{Infobox game

| title = Craps

| subtitle =

| image_link = Marines_and_sailors_attended_5th_annual_Casino_Royale_event_130928-M-WI309-003.jpg

| image_caption = A craps table with a game in progress

| image_size = 350px

| other_names = Seven-Eleven

| players =

| genre = [[Dice game]]

| ages =

| deck =

| origin =

| related =

| playing_time =

| random_chance = High

| skills =

| footnotes =

}}

'''Craps''' is a [[dice game]] in which players [[gambling|bet]] on the outcomes of the roll of a pair of dice. Players can wager money against each other (playing "[[street craps]]") or against a bank ("[[casino craps]]"). Because it requires little equipment, "street craps" can be played in informal settings. While shooting craps, players may use [[glossary of craps terms|slang terminology]] to place bets and actions.

==History==

~~{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2018}}~~

[[File:Truants, "Red St. Clair," and chum shooting craps in front of Murphy's Branch at 11-00 A.M. a school day. Red is boss... - NARA - 523289.jpg|thumb|Craps being played by children in a street in [[St Louis, Missouri]], circa 1912]]

Craps developed in the United States from a simplification of the western European game of [[Hazard (game)|Hazard]], also spelled Hazzard<ref name=Hoyle90/> or Hasard.<ref name=Huyn/> The origins of Hazard are obscure and may date to the [[Crusades]];<ref name=Scarne74>{{cite book |title=Scarne on Dice |first=John |last=Scarne |date=1974 |url=https://archive.org/details/scarneondice0000scar/mode/2up |publisher=Stackpole Books |location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |isbn=0-8117-1516-7 |url-access=registration |author-link=John Scarne}}</ref>{{rp|32–33}} a detailed description of Hazard was provided by [[Edmond Hoyle]] in ''Hoyle's Games, Improved'' (1790).<ref name=Hoyle90/> At approximately the same time (1788), "Krabs" was documented as a French variation on Hazard.<ref name=Huyn>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_9bAAAAQAAJ |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_9bAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Theorie des jeux de Hasard |title=La theorie des jeux de hazard, ou, Analyse du krabs, du passe-dix, de la Roulette, du Trente & Quarante, du Pharaon, du Biribi & du Lotto |last1=Huyn |first1=P. N. |year=1788}}</ref><ref name=Asbury38/>{{rp|43–44}}

Line 34:

Line 33:

In aristocratic London, crabs was the epithet for the sum combinations of two and three for two rolled dice,<ref name=Hoyle90>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_hoyles-games-improved-_hoyle-edmond_1790/ |title=Hoyle's Games Improved |first1=Edmond |last1=Hoyle |author1-link=Edmond Hoyle |first2=Charles |last2=Jones |date=1790 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_hoyles-games-improved-_hoyle-edmond_1790/page/236/mode/2up |chapter=The GAME of HAZARD |pages=237–240}}</ref>{{rp|238}} which in Hazard are instant-losing numbers for the first dice roll, regardless of the shooter's selected main number.<ref name=Asbury38/>{{rp|42}} The name craps is derived from the corruption of this term crabs (or Krabs) to creps and then craps.<ref name=Asbury38>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/suckersprogress0000herb/ |title=Sucker's Progress |first=Herbert |last=Asbury |author-link=Herbert Asbury |date=1938 |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company |location=New York |isbn=978-0-87585-051-1 |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|42–44}}

According to some accounts, Hazard was brought from [[London]] to [[New Orleans]] in approximately 1805 by the returning [[Bernard de Marigny|Bernard Xavier Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville]], the young gambler and scion of a family of wealthy landowners in [[Louisiana (New France)|colonial Louisiana]].<ref name=Bridges01>{{cite book |last=Bridges |first=Tyler |title=Bad Bet on the Bayou |publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux |date=2001 |isbn=0-374-52854-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/badbetonbayouris0000brid}}</ref>{{rp|7–8}} Hazard allows the dice shooter to choose any number from five to nine as their "main" number;<ref name=Cotton74>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1674/ |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1674/page/168/mode/2up |title=The Compleat Gamester |chapter=XXX. Of HAZZARD |first=Charles |last=Cotton |author-link=Charles Cotton |date=1674 |pages=168–173}}</ref>{{rp|168}} in a pamphlet published in 1933,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Palingenesis of Craps |first=Edward Larocque |last=Tinker |date=1933 |publisher=Press of the Woolly Whale}}</ref> Edward Tinker claimed that Marigny simplified the game by making the main always seven,<ref name=Bridges01/> which is the mathematically optimal choice, i.e., the choice with the lowest disadvantage for the shooter.<ref name=Cotton74/>{{rp|170}} However, more recent research indicates that Marigny played an unmodified version of Hazard, which had been played in ~~America~~ since at least the 1600s.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|34–35}} Instead, [[John Scarne]] credits anonymous Black American inventors with simplifying and streamlining Hazard, increasing the pace of the game and adding a variety of wagers.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|39}}

According to some accounts, Hazard was brought from [[London]] to [[New Orleans]] in approximately 1805 by the returning [[Bernard de Marigny|Bernard Xavier Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville]], the young gambler and scion of a family of wealthy landowners in [[Louisiana (New France)|colonial Louisiana]].<ref name=Bridges01>{{cite book |last=Bridges |first=Tyler |title=Bad Bet on the Bayou |publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux |date=2001 |isbn=0-374-52854-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/badbetonbayouris0000brid}}</ref>{{rp|7–8}} Hazard allows the dice shooter to choose any number from five to nine as their "main" number;<ref name=Cotton74>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1674/ |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1674/page/168/mode/2up |title=The Compleat Gamester |chapter=XXX. Of HAZZARD |first=Charles |last=Cotton |author-link=Charles Cotton |date=1674 |pages=168–173}}</ref>{{rp|168}} in a pamphlet published in 1933,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Palingenesis of Craps |first=Edward Larocque |last=Tinker |date=1933 |publisher=Press of the Woolly Whale}}</ref> Edward Tinker claimed that Marigny simplified the game by making the main always seven,<ref name=Bridges01/> which is the mathematically optimal choice, i.e., the choice with the lowest disadvantage for the shooter.<ref name=Cotton74/>{{rp|170}} However, more recent research indicates that Marigny played an unmodified version of Hazard, which had been played in the United States since at least the 1600s.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|34–35}} Instead, [[John Scarne]] credits anonymous Black American inventors with simplifying and streamlining Hazard, increasing the pace of the game and adding a variety of wagers.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|39}}

Regardless of who deserves credit for simplifying Hazard, the game initially was called Pass from the French word ''pas'' (meaning "pace" or "step"), and was popularized by the underclass starting in the early 19th century.<ref name=Botermans>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofgamesstrat0000bote_r1h7 |last=Botermans |first=Jack |translator-last=Fankbonner |translator-first=Edgar Loy |date=2008 |title=The Book of Games: Strategy, Tactics & History |location=New York |publisher=Sterling |isbn=978-1-4027-4221-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|541–542}} Field hands taught their friends and deckhands, who carried the new game up the Mississippi River and its tributaries, although the game was never popular amongst the riverboat gamblers.<ref name=Asbury38/>{{rp|205}} Marigny gave the name Rue de Craps to a street in his new subdivision in New Orleans; in that city, craps experienced a resurgence of popularity in the late 1830s,<ref name=Asbury38/>{{rp|45–47}} but was not played in gaming houses until the 1890s.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|40}} Budd Theobald credits the cultural exchange between attendants and railroad passengers on [[Pullman car]]s for popularizing the game,<ref name=Theobald62>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/howtoshootcraps00theo/ |title=How to Shoot Craps |first=Budd |last=Theobald |date=1962 |publisher=C.T. Harris |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|16}} which eventually spread throughout America by the 1910s,<ref name=Asbury38/>{{rp|45–47}} when it was described as "the gambling game of [the country]" in ''Foster's Complete Hoyle'' (1914).<ref name=Foster14>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/fosterscompleteh01fost/ |title=Foster's Complete Hoyle |first=Robert F. |last=Foster |author-link=Robert Frederick Foster |date=October 1914 |publisher=Frederick A. Stokes Company |location=New York}}</ref>{{rp|614–615}}

[[File:Craps diagram (pre-Winn).svg|thumb|left|Older bank crap table layout with supplemental wagers, as typical before Winn introduced "Don't Pass"]]

The craps numbers of 2, 3, and 12 are similarly derived from Hazard. If the main is seven, then the two-dice sum of twelve is added to the crabs as a losing number on the first dice roll. This condition is retained in the simplified game called Pass. All three losing numbers (2, 3, and 12) on the first roll of Pass are jointly called the craps numbers.<ref name=Foster14/>{{rp|614}} The central game Pass gradually has been supplemented over the decades by many companion games and wagers which can be played simultaneously with Pass; these are now collectively known as craps.

Early versions of bank craps played in casinos made money either by charging a commission to shooters or offering short odds on the various wagers, primarily on the "Pass line" bet for the shooter to win against the house. In approximately 1907, a dicemaker named John H. Winn in [[Philadelphia]] introduced a layout which featured a space to wager on "Don't Pass" (i.e., for the shooter to lose) in addition to "Pass".<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|41}} Virtually all modern casinos use his innovation, which incentivizes casinos to use fair dice.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fenich |first1=George |title=A Chronology of (Legal) Gaming in the U.S. Gaming |journal=Gaming Research & Review Journal |date=1996 |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=69 |access-date=28 March 2020 |url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/grrj/vol3/iss2/6/}}</ref> As introduced by Winn, "Don't Pass" bets were taken with a 5 percent commission to ensure the house retained an edge in running the game; this was replaced by the Bar-3 push for "Don't Pass", and later by the Bar-12 (or Bar-2) push.<ref name=Fundamentals04>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofcr0000malm/ |title=Fundamentals of Craps |first1=Mason |last1=Malmuth |first2=Lynne |last2=Loomis |date=2004 |publisher=Two Plus Two Publishing |location=Henderson, Nevada |isbn=1-880685-30-2 |url-access=registration |pages=3–4}}</ref>

Line 70:

Line 69:

===Craps table===

[[File:Craps table diagram.svg|thumb|center|upright=4|The layout of a craps table, sometimes called a ''double-side dealer''<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|108}}]]

Players use casino chips rather than cash to bet on the Craps "layout",<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|102}} a fabric surface which displays the various bets. The bets vary somewhat among casinos in availability, locations, and payouts. The tables roughly resemble bathtubs and come in various sizes. In some locations, chips may be called [[casino token|checks, tokens, or plaques.]]

Against one long side is the casino's table bank: as many as two thousand casino chips in stacks of 20. The opposite long side is usually a long mirror.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|107}} The U-shaped ends of the table have duplicate layouts and standing room for approximately eight players. In the center of the layout is an additional group of side bets which are used by players from both ends. The vertical walls at each end are usually covered with a rubberized target surface covered with small pyramid shapes to randomize the dice which strike them. The top edges of the table walls have one or two horizontal grooves in which players may store their reserve chips.

[[File:Gambling games 3.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Two ''base dealers'' setting chips on a craps table at [[Harrah's Las Vegas]] (2011)]]

The table is run by up to four casino employees: a '''''boxman''''' seated (usually the only seated employee) behind the casino's bank, who manages the chips, supervises the dealers, and handles "coloring up" players (exchanging small chip denominations for larger denominations in order to preserve the chips at a table); two '''''base dealers''''' who stand to either side of the boxman and collect and pay bets to players around their half of the table; and a '''''stickman''''' who stands directly across the table from the boxman, takes and pays (or directs the base dealers to do so) the bets in the center of the table, announces the results of each roll (usually with a distinctive patter), and moves the dice across the layout with an elongated wooden stick.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|107}}

Each employee also watches for mistakes by the others because of the sometimes large number of bets and frantic pace of the game. In smaller casinos or at quiet times of day, one or more of these employees may be missing, and have their job covered by another, or cause player capacity to be reduced.

Some smaller casinos have introduced "mini-craps" tables which are operated with only two dealers; rather than being two essentially identical sides and the center area, a single set of major bets is presented, split by the center bets. Responsibility of the dealers is adjusted: while the stickman continues to handle the center bets, it is the base dealer who handles all other bets (as well as cash and chip exchanges).

Line 84:

Line 81:

===Dice===

[[File:The Game (33285019256).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|These ''perfect dice'' from the [[Tropicana Atlantic City]] have been retired by drilling a hole completely through between the 1-6 faces; the four-digit serial number on the 6 face has been partially obliterated, but it started and ended with a 4.]]

[[File:The Game (33285019256).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|These ''perfect dice'' from the [[Tropicana Atlantic City]] have been retired by drilling a hole completely through between the one- and six-side faces; the four-digit serial number on the six-side face has been partially obliterated, but it started and ended with a 4.]]

The dice used at casinos for craps and many other games are sometimes called ''perfect'' or ''gambling house dice''. These are generally made from translucent extruded [[cellulose]], with perfectly square edges each {{cvt|3/4|±|1/5000|in}} in length, with pips drilled {{cvt|17|±|4|mil}} deep and filled with opaque paint matching the density of cellulose, which ensures the dice remain balanced. The dice are buffed and polished to a high glossy finish after the pips are set, and the edges usually are left sharp, also called square or razor edge. To discourage cheating and dice substitution, each die carries a serial number and the casino's logo or name.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|23–24}} New Jersey specifies the maximum size of the die is {{cvt|0.775|in}} on a side.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nj.gov/oag/ge/docs/Regulations/CHAPTER69E.pdf |title=New Jersey Administrative Code, Title 13, Chapter 69E: Gaming Equipment |publisher=State of New Jersey |access-date=24 December 2024}}</ref>{{rp|13:69E-1.15}}

Line 189:

Line 186:

In either case, all single or multi-roll proposition bets may be placed in either of the two phases.

Between dice rolls there is a period for dealers to make payouts and collect losing bets, after which players can place new bets. The stickman monitors the action at a table and decides when to give the shooter the dice, after which no more betting is allowed.

When joining the game, one should place money on the table rather than passing it directly to a dealer. The dealer's exaggerated movements during the process of "making change" or "change only" (converting currency to an equivalent in casino cheques) are required so that any disputes can be later reviewed against security camera footage.

Line 196:

Line 193:

The dealers will insist that the shooter roll with one hand and that the dice bounce off the far wall surrounding the table. These requirements are meant to keep the game fair (preventing switching the dice or making a "controlled shot"). If a die leaves the table, the shooter will usually be asked to select another die from the remaining three but can request permission to use the same die if it passes the boxman's inspection. This requirement exists to keep the game fair and reduce the chance of [[loaded dice]].

===[[Names]] of rolls===

===Names of rolls===

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+ Names of Rolls in Craps

Line 216:

Line 213:

|-

! A:4<br/>{{die|4}}

| style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Five (Fever Five) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Six || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Natural/Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Hard Eight

| style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Five (Fever Five) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Six || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Natural / Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Hard Eight

| colspan=2 |

|-

! A:5<br/>{{die|5}}

| style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Six || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" |Natural/Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Eight || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Nine (Nina) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Hard Ten

| style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Six || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" |Natural / Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Eight || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Nine (Nina) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Hard Ten

| |

|-

! A:6<br/>{{die|6}}

| style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Natural/Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Eight || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Nine (Nina) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Ten || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Yo (Yo-leven) || style="background-color:#ff5533;" | Boxcars/Midnight

| style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Natural / Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Eight || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Nine (Nina) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Ten || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Yo (Yo-leven) || style="background-color:#ff5533;" | Boxcars / Midnight

|}

There are many local variants of the calls made by the stickman for rolls during a craps game.<ref name=Maurer50>{{cite journal |doi=10.1177/000271625026900116 |title=The Argot of the Dice Gambler |first=David W. |last=Maurer |author-link=David W. Maurer |date=May 1950 |volume=269 |issue=1 |journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |pages=114–133 |jstor=1027824}}</ref> These frequently incorporate a reminder to the dealers as to which bets to pay or collect.

;Two — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-1.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-1]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-~~1~~.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~1]] "Snake Eyes", "Two Craps Two", "Double Aces", "Loose Deuce", "Snickies"

;Two — {{die|1|1}} "Snake Eyes", "Two Craps Two", "Double Aces", "Loose Deuce", "Snickies"

: The two ones that compose it look like a pair of small, beady eyes.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reich |first1=Herb |title=Numberpedia: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know (and a Few Things You Didn't) About Numbers |date=2011 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |location=New York |isbn=978-1-61608-084-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/numberpediaevery0000reic |url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{rp|41}} During actual play, more common terms are "two craps two" during the comeout roll because the Pass line bet is lost on a comeout crap roll and/or because a bet on any craps would win. "Aces; double the field" would be a more common call when not on the comeout roll to remind the dealers to pay double on the field bets and encourage the field bettor to place subsequent bets and/or when no crap bets have been placed. Another name for the two is "loose deuce" or "Snickies" due to it sounding like "Snake eyes" but spoken with an accent.

: The two ones that compose it look like a pair of small, beady eyes.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reich |first1=Herb |title=Numberpedia: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know (and a Few Things You Didn't) About Numbers |date=2011 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |location=New York |isbn=978-1-61608-084-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/numberpediaevery0000reic |url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{rp|41}} During actual play, more common terms are "two craps two" during the comeout roll because the Pass line bet is lost on a comeout crap roll and / or because a bet on any craps would win. "Aces; double the field" would be a more common call when not on the comeout roll to remind the dealers to pay double on the field bets and encourage the field bettor to place subsequent bets and / or when no crap bets have been placed. Another name for the two is "loose deuce" or "Snickies" due to it sounding like "Snake eyes" but spoken with an accent.

;Three — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-1.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~1~~]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-2.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~2]] "Three Craps Three", "Ace Deuce", "Tracy", "Acey Deucy"

;Three — {{die|1|2}} "Three Craps Three", "Ace Deuce", "Tracy", "Acey Deucy"

: Typically called as "three craps three" during the comeout roll, or "three, ace deuce, come away single" when not on the comeout to signify the come bet has been lost and to pay single to any field bettors. Three may also be referred to as "ace caught a deuce", "Tracy", or even less often "acey deucey".

;Four (hard) — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-2.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-2]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-~~2~~.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~2]]"Little Joe", "Joe", "Little Dick", "Little Joe from Kokomo", "Little Joe on the Front Row", "Ballerina"

;Four (hard) — {{die|2|2}} "Little Joe", "Joe", "Little Dick", "Little Joe from Kokomo", "Little Joe on the Front Row", "Ballerina"

: usually hard, is sometimes referred to as "Little Joe from Kokomo" or "Little Joe on the front row" or just "Little Joe".<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|127}} A hard four can be called a "ballerina" because it is two-two ("[[ballet tutu|tutu]]").

;Five — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-2.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~2~~]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-3.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~3]] "Phoebe", "Fever in the South", "West Kentucky", "No Field Five", "Fever"

;Five — {{die|2|3}} "Phoebe", "Fever in the South", "West Kentucky", "No Field Five", "Fever"

: is frequently called "no field five" in casinos in which five is not one of the field rolls and thus not paid in the field bets. Other names for a five are "fever" and "little Phoebe".<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|129}}

;Six — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-3.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~3~~]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-3.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~3]] "Jimmie Hicks", "Jimmie Hicks from the Sticks", "666 Winner 6", "Sixty Days", "Sice"

;Six — {{die|3|3}} "Jimmie Hicks", "Jimmie Hicks from the Sticks", "666 Winner 6", "Sixty Days", "Sice"

: may be referred to as "Jimmie Hicks" or "Jimmie Hicks from the sticks", examples of [[rhyming slang]]. On a win, the six is often called "666 winner 6" followed by "came hard" or "came easy".

;Seven — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-~~6~~.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-4]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-~~1~~.svg|Tabler-icons dice-2]]~~ "Six Ace", "Up Pops the Devil", "Up Jumped the Devil", "Big Red", "Seven Out", "Seven Out Seven"

;Seven — {{die|6|1}} "Six Ace", "Up Pops the Devil", "Up Jumped the Devil", "Big Red", "Seven Out", "Seven Out Seven"

: rolled as ~~6–1~~ is sometimes called "six ace" or "up pops the Devil". Older dealers and players may use the term "Big Red" because craps tables once prominently featured a large red "7" in the center of the layout for the one-roll seven bet. During the comeout, the seven is called "seven, front line winner", frequently followed by "pay the line" and/or "take the don'ts". After the point is established, a seven is typically called by simply "7 out"{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} or "7 out 7".{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}.

: rolled as six-one is sometimes called "six ace" or "up pops the Devil". Older dealers and players may use the term "Big Red" because craps tables once prominently featured a large red "7" in the center of the layout for the one-roll seven bet. During the comeout, the seven is called "seven, front line winner", frequently followed by "pay the line" and / or "take the don'ts". After the point is established, a seven is typically called by simply "7 out"{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} or "7 out 7".{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}.

;Eight (hard) — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-4.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-4]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-~~4~~.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~4]] "Eighter from Decatur", "Ada from Decatur", "Square Pair", "Mom and Dad", "Ozzie and Harriet"

;Eight (hard) — {{die|4|4}} "Eighter from Decatur", "Ada from Decatur", "Square Pair", "Mom and Dad", "Ozzie and Harriet"

: rolled the hard way, as opposed to an "easy eight", is sometimes called an "eighter from [[Decatur (disambiguation)|Decatur]]".<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|124}} It can also be known as a "square pair", "mom and dad", or "[[Ozzie and Harriet]]".

;Nine — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-4.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~4~~]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-5.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~5]] "Centerfield Nine", "Railroad Nine", "Jesse James", "Nina from Pasadena", "Nina at the Marina", "Niner from Carolina", Old Mike"

;Nine — {{die|4|5}} "Centerfield Nine", "Railroad Nine", "Jesse James", "Nina from Pasadena", "Nina at the Marina", "Niner from Carolina", Old Mike"

: is called a "centerfield nine" in casinos in which nine is one of the field rolls, because nine is the center number shown on the layout in such casinos (2–3–4–9–10–11–12). In Atlantic City, a ~~4–5~~ is called a "railroad nine". The ~~4–5~~ nine is also known as "Jesse James" because the outlaw [[Jesse James]] was killed by a .45 caliber pistol. Other names for the nine include "Nina from [[Pasadena (disambiguation)|Pasadena]]", "Nina at the [[Marina]]", and "niner from [[The Carolinas|Carolina]]". Nine can also be referred to as "Old Mike", named after [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] Hall-of-Famer [[Michael Jordan]], who wore No. 9 in his FIBA international career, when players could only wear numbers 4 to 15.

: is called a "centerfield nine" in casinos in which nine is one of the field rolls, because nine is the center number shown on the layout in such casinos (2–3–4–9–10–11–12). In Atlantic City, a four-five is called a "railroad nine". The four-five nine is also known as "Jesse James" because the outlaw [[Jesse James]] was killed by a .45 caliber pistol. Other names for the nine include "Nina from [[Pasadena (disambiguation)|Pasadena]]", "Nina at the [[Marina]]", and "niner from [[The Carolinas|Carolina]]". Nine can also be referred to as "Old Mike", named after [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] Hall-of-Famer [[Michael Jordan]], who wore No. 9 in his FIBA international career, when players could only wear numbers 4 to 15.

;Ten (hard) — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-5.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-5]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-~~5~~.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~5]] "Big Dick", "Big Dick from Boston", "Big Dick the Ladies' Friend", "Dos Equis", "Puppy Paws", "Pair of Sunflowers", "Big John"

;Ten (hard) — {{die|5|5}} "Big Dick", "Big Dick from Boston", "Big Dick the Ladies' Friend", "Dos Equis", "Puppy Paws", "Pair of Sunflowers", "Big John"

: the hard way is "a hard ten", "dos equis" (Spanish, meaning "two X's", because the pip arrangement on both dice on this roll resembles "XX"), or "Hard ten – a woman's best friend",<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|121}} an example of both rhyming slang and sexual [[double entendre]]. Ten as a pair of ~~5's~~ may also be known as "puppy paws" or "a pair of sunflowers" or "Big Dick" or "Big John." Another slang for a hard ten is "moose head", because it resembles a moose's antlers. This phrase came from players in the Pittsburgh area.

: the hard way is "a hard ten", "dos equis" (Spanish, meaning "two X's", because the pip arrangement on both dice on this roll resembles "XX"), or "Hard ten – a woman's best friend",<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|121}} an example of both rhyming slang and sexual [[double entendre]]. Ten as a pair of fives may also be known as "puppy paws" or "a pair of sunflowers" or "Big Dick" or "Big John." Another slang for a hard ten is "moose head", because it resembles a moose's antlers. This phrase came from players in the Pittsburgh area.

;Eleven — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-6.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~6~~]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-5.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~5]] "Yo", "Yo-leven", "Six Five No Jive"

;Eleven — {{die|6|5}} "Yo", "Yo-leven", "Six Five No Jive"

: called out as "yo" or "yo-leven" to prevent being misheard as "seven". An older term for eleven is "six five, no jive" because it is a winning roll. During the comeout, eleven is typically followed by "front line winner". After the point is established, "good field and come" is often added.

;Twelve — ~~[[File:Tabler-icons dice-6.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-6]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-~~6~~.svg~~|~~Tabler-icons dice-~~6]] "Boxcars", "Midnight", "Double-action Field Traction", "12 Craps 12"

;Twelve — {{die|6|6}} "Boxcars", "Midnight", "Double-action Field Traction", "12 Craps 12"

: known as "boxcars" because the spots on the two dice that show ~~6–6~~ look like schematic drawings of railroad [[boxcar]]s; it is also called "midnight", referring to twelve o'clock; and also as "double-action field traction", because of the (standard) 2-to-1 pay on Field bets for this roll and the fact that the arrangement of the pips on the two dice, when laid end-to-end, resemble tire tracks. On tables that pay triple the field on a twelve roll, the stickman will often loudly exclaim "triple" either alone or in combination with "12 craps 12" or "come away triple".

: known as "boxcars" because the spots on the two dice that show six-six look like schematic drawings of railroad [[boxcar]]s; it is also called "midnight", referring to twelve o'clock; and also as "double-action field traction", because of the (standard) 2-to-1 pay on Field bets for this roll and the fact that the arrangement of the pips on the two dice, when laid end-to-end, resemble tire tracks. On tables that pay triple the field on a twelve roll, the stickman will often loudly exclaim "triple" either alone or in combination with "12 craps 12" or "come away triple".

Rolls of 4, 6, 8, and 10 are called "hard" or "gag", when rolled as a double,<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|125}} or "easy", when rolled with two different numbers. For example, rolls will be called "six the hard way", "easy eight", "hard ten", etc., because of their significance in center table bets known as the "hard ways". Hard way rolls are so named because there is only one way to roll them (i.e., the value on each die is the same when the number is rolled). Consequently, it is more likely to roll the number in different-number combinations (easy) rather than as a double (hard).

Line 382:

Line 379:

|style="text-align:left;" |

|-

!Whirl/World (the combined bet)

!Whirl / World (the combined bet)

| [[#Single-roll bets|Prop]]

|2:1||26:5 on 2,12;<hr/>11:5 on 3,11;<hr/>0:1 (push) on 7||13.33%

Line 409:

Line 406:

|-

!Big 6 / Big 8

| [[#Big 6 and Big 8|Big 6/8]]

| [[#Big 6 and Big 8|Big 6 / 8]]

|6:5||1:1||9.09%

|Multi

|6/8

|6 / 8

|7

|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 6/8

|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 6 / 8

|-

| colspan=9 style="font-size:10%;background:#ddd;" |  

Line 422:

Line 419:

|2:1||9:5||6.67%

|Multi

|4/10

|4 / 10

|7

|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player buys the 4/10

|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player buys the 4 / 10

|-

!Place 5 / Place 9

Line 430:

Line 427:

|3:2||7:5||4%

|Multi

|5/9

|5 / 9

|7

|style="text-align:left;" |

Line 438:

Line 435:

|6:5||7:6||1.52%

|Multi

|6/8

|6 / 8

|7

|style="text-align:left;" |

Line 449:

Line 446:

|2:1||2:1 -5% of intended bet||4.76% (1.67% if commission taken only on win)

|Multi

|4/10

|4 / 10

|7

|style="text-align:left;" | Certain casinos such as [[Santa Ana Star Casino]] offer "Free buy" reducing house edge to 0%

Line 455:

Line 452:

!Buy 5 / Buy 9

| [[#Buy|Buy]]

|3:2||3:2 -5% of intended bet||4.76% (1.96% if commission taken only on win)

|3:2||3:2 -5% of intended bet||4.76% (2.00% if commission taken only on win)

|Multi

|5/9

|5 / 9

|7

|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 5/9

|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 5 / 9

|-

!Buy 6 / Buy 8

| [[#Buy|Buy]]

|6:5||6:5 -5% of intended bet||4.76% (2.22% if commission taken only on win)

|6:5||6:5 -5% of intended bet||4.76% (2.27% if commission taken only on win)

|Multi

|6/8

|6 / 8

|7

|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 6/8

|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 6 / 8

|-

Line 478:

Line 475:

|Multi

|7

|4/10

|4 / 10

|style="text-align:left;" |

|-

Line 486:

Line 483:

|Multi

|7

|5/9

|5 / 9

|style="text-align:left;" |

|-

Line 494:

Line 491:

|Multi

|7

|6/8

|6 / 8

|style="text-align:left;" |

|}

The probability of dice combinations determine the odds of the payout. There are a total of 36 (6 × 6) possible combinations when rolling two dice. The following chart shows the dice combinations needed to roll each number. The two and twelve are the hardest to roll since only one combination of dice is possible. The game of craps is built around the dice roll of seven, since it is the most easily rolled dice combination.

[[File:Roll2dice.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.8|Combinations of two dice, illustrated]]

Line 505:

Line 502:

! Dice roll (sum) !! Possible dice combinations !! colspan=2 | Probability

|-

|2||~~1–1~~ ||{{frac|1|36}} || ({{#expr:100/36 round 2}}%)

|2||{{die|1|1}} ||{{frac|1|36}} || ({{#expr:100/36 round 2}}%)

|-

|3||~~1–2~~, ~~2–1~~ ||{{frac|2|36}}={{frac|1|18}} || ({{#expr:100/18 round 2}}%)

|3||{{die|1|2}}, {{die|2|1}} ||{{frac|2|36}}={{frac|1|18}} || ({{#expr:100/18 round 2}}%)

|-

|4||~~1–3~~, ~~2–2~~, ~~3–1~~ ||{{frac|3|36}}={{frac|1|12}} || ({{#expr:100/12 round 2}}%)

|4||{{die|1|3}}, {{die|2|2}}, {{die|3|1}} ||{{frac|3|36}}={{frac|1|12}} || ({{#expr:100/12 round 2}}%)

|-

|5||~~1–4~~, ~~2–3~~, ~~3–2~~, ~~4–1~~ ||{{frac|4|36}}={{frac|1|9}} || ({{#expr:100/9 round 2}}%)

|5||{{die|1|4}}, {{die|2|3}}, {{die|3|2}}, {{die|4|1}} ||{{frac|4|36}}={{frac|1|9}} || ({{#expr:100/9 round 2}}%)

|-

|6||~~1–5~~, ~~2–4~~, ~~3–3~~, ~~4–2~~, ~~5–1~~ ||{{frac|5|36}} || ({{#expr:500/36 round 2}}%)

|6||{{die|1|5}}, {{die|2|4}}, {{die|3|3}}, {{die|4|2}}, {{die|5|1}} ||{{frac|5|36}} || ({{#expr:500/36 round 2}}%)

|- style="background:white; color:red;"

|'''7'''||'''~~1–6~~, ~~2–5~~, ~~3–4~~, ~~4–3~~, ~~5–2~~, ~~6–1~~''' ||{{frac|6|36}}={{frac|1|6}} || ({{#expr:100/6 round 2}}%)

|'''7'''||'''{{die|1|6}}, {{die|2|5}}, {{die|3|4}}, {{die|4|3}}, {{die|5|2}}, {{die|6|1}}''' ||{{frac|6|36}}={{frac|1|6}} || ({{#expr:100/6 round 2}}%)

|-

|8||~~2–6~~, ~~3–5~~, ~~4–4~~, ~~5–3~~, ~~6–2~~ ||{{frac|5|36}} || ({{#expr:500/36 round 2}}%)

|8||{{die|2|6}}, {{die|3|5}}, {{die|4|4}}, {{die|5|3}}, {{die|6|2}} ||{{frac|5|36}} || ({{#expr:500/36 round 2}}%)

|-

|9||~~3–6~~, ~~4–5~~, ~~5–4~~, ~~6–3~~ ||{{frac|4|36}}={{frac|1|9}} || ({{#expr:100/9 round 2}}%)

|9||{{die|3|6}}, {{die|4|5}}, {{die|5|4}}, {{die|6|3}} ||{{frac|4|36}}={{frac|1|9}} || ({{#expr:100/9 round 2}}%)

|-

|10||~~4–6~~, ~~5–5~~, ~~6–4~~ ||{{frac|3|36}}={{frac|1|12}} || ({{#expr:100/12 round 2}}%)

|10||{{die|4|6}}, {{die|5|5}}, {{die|6|4}} ||{{frac|3|36}}={{frac|1|12}} || ({{#expr:100/12 round 2}}%)

|-

|11||~~5–6~~, ~~6–5~~ ||{{frac|2|36}}={{frac|1|18}} || ({{#expr:100/18 round 2}}%)

|11||{{die|5|6}}, {{die|6|5}} ||{{frac|2|36}}={{frac|1|18}} || ({{#expr:100/18 round 2}}%)

|-

|12||~~6–6~~ ||{{frac|1|36}} || ({{#expr:100/36 round 2}}%)

|12||{{die|6|6}} ||{{frac|1|36}} || ({{#expr:100/36 round 2}}%)

|}

Line 559:

Line 556:

|}

The [[expected value]] of all bets is usually negative, such that the average player will always lose money. This is because the house always sets the paid odds to below the actual odds. The only exception is the "odds" bet that the player is allowed to make after a point is established on a pass/come Don't Pass/Don't Come bet (the odds portion of the bet has a long-term expected value of 0). However, this "free odds" bet cannot be made independently, so the expected value of the entire bet, including odds, is still negative. Since there is no correlation between die rolls, there is normally no possible long-term winning strategy in craps.

The [[expected value]] of all bets is usually negative, such that the average player will always lose money. This is because the house always sets the paid odds to below the actual odds. The only exception is the "odds" bet that the player is allowed to make after a point is established on a pass / come Don't Pass / Don't Come bet (the odds portion of the bet has a long-term expected value of 0). However, this "free odds" bet cannot be made independently, so the expected value of the entire bet, including odds, is still negative. Since there is no correlation between die rolls, there is normally no possible long-term winning strategy in craps.

There are occasional promotional variants that provide either no house edge or even a player edge. One example is a field bet that pays 3:1 on 12 and 2:1 on either 3 or 11. Overall, given the 5:4 true odds of this bet, and the weighted average paid odds of approximately 7:5, the player has a 5% advantage on this bet. This is sometimes seen at casinos running limited-time incentives, in jurisdictions or gaming houses that require the game to be fair, or in layouts for use in informal settings using play money. No casino currently runs a craps table with a bet that yields a player edge full-time.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|108}}

There are occasional promotional variants that provide either no house edge or even a player edge. One example is a field bet that pays 3:1 on 12 and 2:1 on either 3 or 11. Overall, given the 5:4 true odds of this bet, and the weighted average paid odds of approximately 7:5, the player has a 5% advantage on this bet. This is sometimes seen at casinos running limited-time incentives, in jurisdictions or gaming houses that require the game to be fair, or in layouts for use in informal settings using [[play money]]. No casino currently runs a craps table with a bet that yields a player edge full-time.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|108}}

Maximizing the size of the odds bet in relation to the line bet will reduce, but never eliminate the house edge, and will increase [[variance]]. Most casinos have a limit on how large the odds bet can be in relation to the line bet, with single, double, and five times odds common. Some casinos offer 3–4–5 odds, referring to the maximum multiple of the line bet a player can place in odds for the points of 4 and 10, 5 and 9, and 6 and 8, respectively. During promotional periods, a casino may even offer 100× odds bets, which reduces the house edge to almost nothing, but dramatically increases variance, as the player will be betting in large betting units.

Since several of the multiple roll bets pay off in ratios of fractions on the dollar, it is important that the player bets in multiples that will allow a correct payoff in complete dollars. Normally, payoffs will be rounded down to the nearest dollar, resulting in a higher house advantage. These bets include all place bets, taking odds, and buying on numbers 6, 8, 5, and 9, as well as laying all numbers.

Line 592:

Line 589:

The Pass line bet pays even money.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|110}}

The Pass line bet is a contract bet. Once a Pass line bet is made, it is always working and cannot be turned "Off", taken down, or reduced until a decision is reached – the point is made, or the shooter sevens out.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|110}} A player may increase any corresponding odds (up to the table limit) behind the Pass line at any time after a point is established. Players may only bet the Pass line on the come out roll when no point has been established, unless the casino allows put betting where the player can bet Pass line or increase an existing Pass line bet whenever desired and may take odds immediately if the point is already on.

====Don't Pass====

Line 609:

Line 606:

The Don't Pass bet pays even money.

The Don't Pass bet is a no-contract bet. After a point is established, a player may take down or reduce a Don't Pass bet and any corresponding odds at any time because odds of rolling a 7 before the point is in the player's favor. Once taken down or reduced, however, the Don't Pass bet may not be restored or increased. Because the shooter must have a line bet the shooter generally may not reduce a Don't Pass bet below the table minimum. In [[Las Vegas]], a majority of casinos will allow the shooter to move the bet to the Pass line in lieu of taking it down; however, in other areas such as [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]], this is not allowed. Even though players are allowed to remove the Don't Pass line bet after a point has been established, the bet cannot be turned "Off" without being removed. Players choosing to remove the Don't Pass line bet can no longer lay odds behind the Don't Pass line. The player can, however, still make standard lay bets on any of the point numbers (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10).

The casino chooses either Bar-2 or Bar-12, but not both. The push on 12 or 2 is mathematically necessary to maintain the house edge over the player.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|111}} Other casinos allow the player to choose to either push on 2 ("Bar Aces") or push on 12 ("Bar Sixes") depending on where it is placed on the layout. Some older bank crap games used Bar-3 ("Bar Ace-Deuce"), which increases the house edge.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|112}}

Line 616:

Line 613:

====Pass odds====

If a 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 is thrown on the come-out roll (i.e., when a point is established), most casinos allow Pass line players to take odds by placing up to some predetermined multiple of the Pass line bet, behind the Pass line. This additional bet wins if the point is rolled again before a 7 is rolled (the point is made) and pays at the true odds:<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|113}}

* 2-to-1 if 4 or 10 is the point,

* 3-to-2 if 5 or 9 is the point, or

Line 623:

Line 620:

Unlike the Pass line bet itself, the Pass line odds bet can be turned "Off" (not working), removed or reduced anytime before it loses. In Las Vegas, generally odds bets are required to be the table minimum. In Atlantic City and Pennsylvania, the combine odds and Pass bet must be table minimum so players can bet the minimum single unit on odds depending on the point. If the point is a 4 or 10, players can bet as little as $1 on odds if the table minimum is low such as is $5, $10 or $15. If the player requests the Pass odds be not working ("Off") and the shooter sevens-out or hits the point, the Pass line bet will be lost or doubled and the Pass odds returned.

Individual casinos (and sometimes tables within a casino) vary greatly in the maximum odds they offer, from single or double odds (one or two times the Pass line bet) up to 100× or even unlimited odds. A variation often seen is "3-4-5× Odds", where the maximum allowed odds bet depends on the point: three times if the point is 4 or 10; four times on points of 5 or 9; or five times on points of 6 or 8. This rule simplifies the calculation of winnings: a maximum Pass odds bet on a 3–4–5× table will always be paid at six times the Pass line bet regardless of the point.

As odds bets are paid at true odds, in contrast with the Pass line which is always even money, taking odds on a minimum Pass line bet lessens the house advantage compared with betting the same total amount on the Pass line only. A maximum odds bet on a minimum Pass line bet often gives the lowest house edge available in any game in the casino.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|114}} However, the odds bet cannot be made independently, so the house retains an edge on the Pass line bet itself.

Line 633:

Line 630:

* 5-to-6 if 6 or 8 is the point.

Typically the maximum lay bet will be expressed such that a player may win up to an amount equal to the maximum odds multiple at the table. If a player lays maximum odds with a point of 4 or 10 on a table offering five-times odds, he would be able to lay a maximum of ten times the amount of his Don't Pass bet. At 5× odds table, the maximum amount the combined bet can win will always be 6× the amount of the Don't Pass bet. Players can bet table minimum odds if desired and win less than table minimum.

Like the Don't Pass bet the odds can be removed or reduced. Unlike the Don't Pass bet itself, the Don't Pass odds can be turned "Off" (not working). In Las Vegas generally odds bets are required to be the table minimum. In Atlantic City and Pennsylvania, the combine lay odds and Don't Pass bet must be table minimum so players may bet as little as the minimum two units on odds depending on the point. If the point is a 4 or 10 players can bet as little as $2 if the table minimum is low such as $5, $10 or $15 tables. If the player requests the Don't Pass odds to be not working ("Off") and the shooter hits the point or sevens-out, the Don't Pass bet will be lost or doubled and the Don't Pass odds returned. Unlike a standard lay bet on a point, lay odds behind the Don't Pass line does not charge commission (vig).

Line 653:

Line 650:

Also like a Pass line bet, the come bet is a contract bet and is always working, and cannot be turned "Off", removed or reduced until it wins or loses. However, the odds taken behind a Come bet can be turned "Off" (not working), removed or reduced anytime before the bet loses. In Las Vegas generally odds bets are required to be the table minimum. In Atlantic City and Pennsylvania, the combine odds and Pass bet must be table minimum so players can bet the minimum single unit depending on the point. If the point is a 4 or 10, players can bet as little as $1 if the table minimum is low such as $5, $10, or $15 minimums. If the player requests the Come odds to be not working ("Off") and the shooter sevens-out or hits the Come bet point, the Come bet will be lost or doubled and the Come odds returned. If the casino allows put betting a player may increase a Come bet after a point has been established and bet larger odds behind if desired. Put betting also allows a player to bet on a Come and take odds immediately on a point number without a Come bet point being established.

The dealer will place the odds on top of the come bet, but slightly off center in order to differentiate between the original bet and the odds. The second round wins if the shooter rolls the come bet point again before a seven. Winning come bets are paid the same as winning Pass line bets: even money for the original bet and true odds for the odds bet. If, instead, the seven is rolled before the come-bet point, the come bet (and any odds bet) loses.

Because of the come bet, if the shooter makes their point, a player can find themselves in the situation where they still have a come bet (possibly with odds on it) and the next roll is a come-out roll. In this situation, odds bets on the come wagers are usually presumed to be not working for the come-out roll. That means that if the shooter rolls a 7 on the come-out roll, any players with active come bets waiting for a come-bet point lose their initial wager but will have their odds bets returned to them.

Line 659:

Line 656:

If the come-bet point is rolled on the come-out roll, the odds do not win but the come bet does and the odds bet is returned (along with the come bet and its payoff). The player can tell the dealer that they want their odds working, such that if the shooter rolls a number that matches the come point, the odds bet will win along with the come bet, and if a seven is rolled, both lose.

Many players will use a come bet as "insurance" against sevening out: if the shooter rolls a seven, the come bet pays 1:1, offsetting the loss of the Pass line bet. The risk in this strategy is the situation where the shooter does not hit a seven for several rolls, leading to multiple come bets that will be lost if the shooter eventually sevens out.

====Don't Come bet====

Line 672:

Line 669:

Like the Don't Pass each player may only make one Don't Come bet per roll, this does not exclude a player from laying odds on an already established Don't Come points. Players may bet both the Don't Come and Come on the same roll if desired.

The player may lay odds on a Don't Come bet, just like a Don't Pass bet; in this case, the dealer (not the player) places the odds bet on top of the bet in the box, because of limited space, slightly offset to signify that it is an odds bet and not part of the original Don't Come bet. Lay odds behind a Don't Come are subject to the same rules as Don't Pass lay odds. Unlike a standard lay bet on a point, lay odds behind a Don't Come point does not charge commission (vig) and gives the player true odds. Like the Don't Pass line bet, Don't Come bets are no-contract, and can be removed or reduced after a Don't Come point has been established, but cannot be turned off ("not working") without being removed. A player may also call, "No Action" when a point is established, and the bet will not be moved to its point. This play is not to the player's advantage. If the bet is removed, the player can no longer lay odds behind the Don't Come point and cannot restore or increase the same Don't Come bet. Players must wait until next roll as long as a Pass line point has been established (players cannot bet Don't Come on come out rolls) before they can make a new Don't Come bet. Las Vegas casinos which allow put betting allows players to move the Don't Come directly to any Come point as a put; however, this is not allowed in Atlantic City or Pennsylvania. Unlike the Don't Come bet itself, the Don't Come odds can be turned "Off" (not working), removed, or reduced if desired. In Las Vegas, players generally must lay at least table minimum on odds if desired and win less than table minimum; in Atlantic City and Pennsylvania a player's combined bet must be at least table minimum, so depending on the point number players may lay as little as 2 minimum units (e.g. if the point is 4 or 10). If the player requests the Don't Come odds be not working ("Off") and the shooter hits the Don't Come point or sevens-out, the Don't Come bet will be lost or doubled and the Don't Come odds returned.

Winning Don't Come bets are paid the same as winning Don't Pass bets: even money for the original bet and true odds for the odds lay. Unlike come bets, the odds laid behind points established by Don't Come bets are always working including come out rolls unless the player specifies otherwise.

Line 682:

Line 679:

Most multi-roll bets may fall into the situation where a point is made by the shooter before the outcome of the multi-roll bet is decided. These bets are often considered "not working" on the new come-out roll until the next point is established, unless the player calls the bet as "working."

Casino rules vary on this; some of these bets may not be callable, while others may be considered "working" during the come-out. Dealers will usually announce if bets are working unless otherwise called off. If a non-working point number placed, bought or laid becomes the new point as the result of a come-out, the bet is usually refunded, or can be moved to another number for free.

====Place====

Players can bet any point number (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10) by placing their wager in the come area and telling the dealer how much and on what number(s), "30 on the 6", "5 on the 5", or "25 on the 10". These are typically "Place Bets to Win". These are bets that the number bet on will be rolled before a 7 is rolled, similar to the Pass odds bets.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|115}} These bets are considered working bets, and will continue to be paid out each time a shooter rolls the number bet. On a come-out roll, a place bet is considered to be not in effect unless the player who made it specifies otherwise. This bet may be removed or reduced at any time until it loses;<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|116}} in the latter case, the player must abide by any table minimums.

Place bets to win pay out at slightly worse than the true odds: 9-to-5 on points 4 or 10, 7-to-5 on points 5 or 9, and 7-to-6 on points 6 or 8.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|116}} The place bets on the outside numbers (4,5,9,10) should be made in units of $5, (on a $5 minimum table), in order to receive the correct exact payout of $5 paying $7 or $5 paying $9. The place bets on the 6 & 8 should be made in units of $6, (on a $5 minimum table), in order to receive the correct exact payout of $6 paying $7. For the 4 and 10, it is to the player's advantage to 'buy' the bet (see below).

An alternative form, rarely offered by casinos, is the "place bet to lose."<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|117}} This bet is the opposite of the place bet to win and pays off if a 7 is rolled before the specific point number. The place bet to lose typically carries a lower house edge than a place bet to win. Payouts are 4-to-5 on points 6 or 8, 5-to-8 on 5 or 9, and 5-to-11 on 4 or 10.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|117}}

====Buy====

Players can also buy a bet which ~~are paid~~ at true odds, but a 5% commission is charged on the amount of the bet~~. Buy bets are placed with the shooter betting at a specific number will come out before a player sevens out~~. The buy bet must be at least table minimum excluding commission; however, some casinos require the minimum buy bet amount to be at least $20 to match the $1 charged on the 5% commission. Traditionally, the buy bet commission is paid no matter what, but in recent years a number of casinos have changed their policy to charge the commission only when the buy bet wins. Some casinos charge the commission as a one-time fee to buy the number; payouts are then always at true odds. Most casinos usually charge only $1 for a $25 green-chip bet (4% commission), or $2 for $50 (two green chips), reducing the house advantage a bit more. Players may ~~remove or~~ reduce this bet (~~bet must be at least~~ table minimum excluding ~~vig~~) ~~anytime~~ before it loses. ~~Buy~~ bets ~~like place~~ bets are not working when no point has been established unless the player specifies otherwise.

Players can also "buy" a point and place a bet which will pay out at true odds if that number is rolled before the next 7, but a 5% commission is charged on the amount of the bet. The buy bet must be at least table minimum excluding commission; however, some casinos require the minimum buy bet amount to be at least $20 to match the $1 charged on the 5% commission. Traditionally, the buy bet commission is paid no matter what, but in recent years a number of casinos have changed their policy to charge the commission only when the buy bet wins. Some casinos charge the commission as a one-time fee to buy the number; payouts are then always at true odds. Most casinos usually charge only $1 for a $25 green-chip bet (4% commission), or $2 for $50 (two green chips), reducing the house advantage a bit more. Players may reduce this bet (keeping it above the table minimum excluding the commission) or remove it at any time before it loses. Like place bets, buy bets are not working when no point has been established unless the player specifies otherwise.

Where commission is charged only on wins, the commission is often deducted from the winning payoff—a winning $25 buy bet on the 10 would pay $49, for instance. The house edges stated in the table assume the commission is charged on all bets. They are reduced by at least a factor of two if commission is charged on winning bets only.

====Lay====

A lay bet is the opposite of a buy bet, where a player bets on a 7 to roll before the number that is laid. Players may only lay the 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 and may lay multiple numbers if desired. Just like the buy bet lay bets pay true odds, but because the lay bet is the opposite of the buy bet, the payout is reversed. Therefore, players get 1 to 2 for the numbers 4 and 10, 2 to 3 for the numbers 5 and 9, and 5 to 6 for the numbers 6 and 8. A 5% commission (vigorish, vig, juice) is charged up front on the possible winning amount. For example: A $40 Lay Bet on the 4 would pay $20 on a win. The 5% vig would be $1 based on the $20 win. (not $2 based on the $40 bet as the way buy bet commissions are figured.) Like the buy bet the commission is adjusted to suit the betting unit such that fraction of a dollar payouts are not needed. Casinos may charge the vig up front thereby requiring the player to pay a vig win or lose, other casinos may only take the vig if the bet wins. Taking vig only on wins lowers house edge. Players may ~~removed~~ or reduce this bet (bet must be at least table minimum) anytime before it loses. Some casinos in Las Vegas allow players to lay table minimum plus vig if desired and win less than table minimum. Lay bet maximums are equal to the table maximum win, so if a player wishes to lay the 4 or 10, ~~he or she~~ may bet twice at amount of the table maximum for the win to be table maximum. Other casinos require the minimum bet to win at $20 even at the lowest minimum tables in order to match the $1 vig, this requires a $40 bet. Similar to buy betting, some casinos only take commission on win reducing house edge. Unlike place and buy bets, lay bets are always working even when no point has been established. The player must specify otherwise if ~~he or she wishes~~ to have the bet not working.

A lay bet is the opposite of a buy bet, where a player bets on a 7 to roll before the number that is laid. Players may only lay the 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 and may lay multiple numbers if desired. Just like the buy bet lay bets pay true odds, but because the lay bet is the opposite of the buy bet, the payout is reversed. Therefore, players get 1 to 2 for the numbers 4 and 10, 2 to 3 for the numbers 5 and 9, and 5 to 6 for the numbers 6 and 8. A 5% commission (vigorish, vig, juice) is charged up front on the possible winning amount. For example: A $40 Lay Bet on the 4 would pay $20 on a win. The 5% vig would be $1 based on the $20 win. (not $2 based on the $40 bet as the way buy bet commissions are figured.) Like the buy bet the commission is adjusted to suit the betting unit such that fraction of a dollar payouts are not needed. Casinos may charge the vig up front thereby requiring the player to pay a vig win or lose, other casinos may only take the vig if the bet wins. Taking vig only on wins lowers house edge. Players may remove or reduce this bet (bet must be at least table minimum) anytime before it loses. Some casinos in Las Vegas allow players to lay table minimum plus vig if desired and win less than table minimum. Lay bet maximums are equal to the table maximum win, so if a player wishes to lay the 4 or 10, they may bet twice at amount of the table maximum for the win to be table maximum. Other casinos require the minimum bet to win at $20 even at the lowest minimum tables in order to match the $1 vig, this requires a $40 bet. Similar to buy betting, some casinos only take commission on win reducing house edge. Unlike place and buy bets, lay bets are always working even when no point has been established. The player must specify otherwise if they wish to have the bet not working.

If a player is unsure of whether a bet is a single or multi-roll bet, it can be noted that all single-roll bets will be displayed on the playing surface in one color (usually red), while all multi-roll bets will be displayed in a different color (usually yellow).

Line 706:

Line 703:

Put bets are generally allowed in [[Las Vegas]], but not allowed in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]] and [[Pennsylvania]].

Put bets are better than place bets (to win) when betting more than 5-times odds over the flat bet portion of the put bet. For example, a player wants a $30 bet on the six. Looking at two possible bets: 1) Place the six, or 2) Put the six with odds. A $30 place bet on the six pays $35 if it wins. A $30 put bet would be a $5 flat line bet plus $25 (5-times) in odds, and also would pay $35 if it wins. Now, with a $60 bet on the six, the place bet wins $70, where the put bet ($5 + $55 in odds) would pay $71. The player needs to be at a table which not only allows put bets, but also high-times odds, to take this advantage.

====Hard way====

Line 719:

Line 716:

</ul>

The C&E / E&C bets stand for Craps and Eleven (2, 3, 11, or 12).]]

This bet can only be placed on the numbers 4, 6, 8, and 10. In order for this bet to win, the chosen number must be rolled the "hard way" (as doubles) before a 7 or any other non-double combination ("easy way") totaling that number is rolled. For example, a player who bets a hard 6 can only win by seeing a ~~3–3~~ roll come up before any 7 or any easy roll totaling 6 (~~4–2~~ or ~~5–1~~); otherwise, the player loses.

This bet can only be placed on the numbers 4, 6, 8, and 10. In order for this bet to win, the chosen number must be rolled the "hard way" (as doubles) before a 7 or any other non-double combination ("easy way") totaling that number is rolled. For example, a player who bets a hard 6 can only win by seeing a three-three roll come up before any 7 or any easy roll totaling 6 (four-two or five-one); otherwise, the player loses.

In Las Vegas casinos, this bet is generally working, including when no point has been established, unless the player specifies otherwise. In other casinos such as those in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]], hard ways are not working when the point is off unless the player requests to have it working on the come out roll.

Line 725:

Line 722:

Like single-roll bets, hard way bets can be lower than the table minimum; however, the maximum bet allowed is also lower than the table maximum. The minimum hard way bet can be a minimum one unit. For example, lower stake table minimums of $5 or $10, generally allow minimum hard ways bets of $1. The maximum bet is based on the maximum allowed win from a single roll.

Easy way is not a specific bet offered in standard casinos, but a term used to define any number combination which has two ways to roll. For example, (~~6–4~~, ~~4–6~~) would be a "10 easy". The 4, 6, 8 or 10 can be made both hard and easy ways. Betting point numbers (which pays off on easy or hard rolls of that number) or single-roll ("hop") bets (e.g., "hop the 2–4" is a bet for the next roll to be an easy six rolled as a two and four) are methods of betting easy ways.

Easy way is not a specific bet offered in standard casinos, but a term used to define any number combination which has two ways to roll. For example, (six-four, or four-six) would be a "10 easy". The 4, 6, 8 or 10 can be made both hard and easy ways. Betting point numbers (which pays off on easy or hard rolls of that number) or single-roll ("hop") bets (e.g., "hop the 2–4" is a bet for the next roll to be an easy six rolled as a two and four) are methods of betting easy ways.

====Big 6 and Big 8====

A player can wager on either the 6 or 8 being rolled before the shooter throws a seven.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|118}} These wagers are usually avoided by experienced craps players since they create a large house edge by paying [[even money]] (1:1) while the true odds are 6:5; experienced players realize the house edge would be reduced by instead making place bets on the 6 or the 8, since those pay more (7:6) and are closer to the true odds. Some casinos (especially all those in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]]) do not even offer the Big 6 & 8. The bets are located in the corners behind the Pass line, and bets may be placed directly by players.

The only real advantage offered by the Big 6 & 8 is that they can be bet for the table minimum, whereas a place bet minimum may sometimes be greater than the table minimum (e.g. $6 place bet on a $3 minimum game.) In addition place bets are usually not working, except by agreement, when the shooter is "coming out" i.e. shooting for a point, and Big 6 and 8 bets always work. Some modern layouts no longer show the Big 6/Big 8 bet.

The only real advantage offered by the Big 6 & 8 is that they can be bet for the table minimum, whereas a place bet minimum may sometimes be greater than the table minimum (e.g. $6 place bet on a $3 minimum game.) In addition place bets are usually not working, except by agreement, when the shooter is "coming out" i.e. shooting for a point, and Big 6 and 8 bets always work. Some modern layouts no longer show the Big 6 / Big 8 bet.

===Single-roll bets===

Line 745:

Line 742:

;Any seven: A single roll bet which wins if the shooter rolls a 7 with 4:1 payout. This bet is also nicknamed Big Red, since the 7 on its betting space on the layout is usually large and red, and it is considered bad luck and a breach of etiquette among gamblers to speak the word "seven" at the table.

;Horn: This is a bet that involves betting on 1 unit each for 2, 3, 11, and 12 at the same time for the next roll. The bet is actually four separate bets, and pays off depending on which number is actually rolled. The combined payout is 27:4 for 2, 12 and 3:1 for 3, 11. Each individual bet has the same payout as a single bet on the specific numbers, 30:1 for 2 and 12 minus the other three bets, 15:1 for 3 and 11 minus the other three bets. If a player wins the bet he can take down all four bets instead of a single bet even though only one bet can win per roll. Many players, in order to eliminate the confusion of tossing four chips to the center of the table or having change made while bets are being placed, will make a five-unit Horn High bet, which is a four-way bet with the extra unit going to one specific number. For example, if one tosses a $5 chip into the center and says "horn high yo", they are placing four $1 bets on each of the horn numbers and the extra dollar will go on the yo (11). Horn bets are generally required to be in multiples of 4 or 5 with the minimum bet being 4 times the minimum unit allowed. For example, if the single roll minimum at the table is $1 the Horn bet must be $4 or more.

;Whirl or World: A five-unit bet that is a combination of a horn and any-seven bet, with the idea that if a seven is rolled the bet is a push, because the money won on the seven is lost on the horn portions of the bet. The combine odds are 26:5 on the 2, 12, 11:5 on the 3, 11, and a push on the 7. Like the C & E and Horn bet, if a player wishes to take down the bet after a win ~~he or she~~ would receive all five units back. The minimum bet is five of the minimum units. For example, if the minimum single roll bet is $1, the minimum World/Whirl bet is $5.

;Whirl or World: A five-unit bet that is a combination of a horn and any-seven bet, with the idea that if a seven is rolled the bet is a push, because the money won on the seven is lost on the horn portions of the bet. The combine odds are 26:5 on the 2, 12, 11:5 on the 3, 11, and a push on the 7. Like the C & E and Horn bet, if a player wishes to take down the bet after a win they would receive all five units back. The minimum bet is five of the minimum units. For example, if the minimum single roll bet is $1, the minimum World / Whirl bet is $5.

;On the Hop: (also Hop, or Hopping) A single roll bet on any particular combination of the two dice on the next roll including combinations whose sum is 7 (e.g. ~~4 and 3~~). For example, if someone bets on "5 and 1" on the hop, they are betting that the next roll will have a 5 on one die and a 1 on the other die. The bet pays 15:1 on easy ways (same as a bet on 3 or 11). Hard ways hop pays 30:1 (e.g., 3 and 3 on the hop, same as a bet on 2 or 12). The true odds are 17:1 and 35:1, resulting in a house edge of 11.11% and 13.89% respectively. When presented, hop bets are located at the center of the craps layout with the other proposition bets. If hop bets are not on the craps layout, they still may be bet on by players but they become the responsibility of the boxman to book the bet. Sometimes players may request to hop a whole number. In this case the money on the bet different combinations. For example, if a player says "hop the tens" (~~6–4~~, ~~5–5~~, ~~4–6~~) the player must give the dealer an even number bet so it can be divided among the hard and easy ways. If the player gives $10, $5 would be placed on the easy ways 10 with 15:1 odds and $5 would be placed on the hard way with 30:1 odds. If a player wishes to "hop the sevens" there would be three different combinations and six possible ways to roll a 7 (~~6–1~~, ~~5–2~~, ~~4–3~~, ~~3–4~~, ~~2–5~~, ~~1–6~~) therefore the player should bet in multiples of 3 so the bet can be divided among each combination with a 15:1 payout minus the other two bets, otherwise if players does not bet in multiples of 3, they would specific which combination has additional units.

;On the Hop: (also Hop, or Hopping) A single roll bet on any particular combination of the two dice on the next roll including combinations whose sum is 7 (e.g. four-three). For example, if someone bets on "5 and 1" on the hop, they are betting that the next roll will have a five on one die and a one on the other die. The bet pays 15:1 on easy ways (same as a bet on 3 or 11). Hard ways hop pays 30:1 (e.g., 3 and 3 on the hop, same as a bet on 2 or 12). The true odds are 17:1 and 35:1, resulting in a house edge of 11.11% and 13.89% respectively. When presented, hop bets are located at the center of the craps layout with the other proposition bets. If hop bets are not on the craps layout, they still may be bet on by players but they become the responsibility of the boxman to book the bet. Sometimes players may request to hop a whole number. In this case the money on the bet different combinations. For example, if a player says "hop the tens" (six-four, five-five, or four-six) the player must give the dealer an even number bet so it can be divided among the hard and easy ways. If the player gives $10, $5 would be placed on the easy ways 10 with 15:1 odds and $5 would be placed on the hard way with 30:1 odds. If a player wishes to "hop the sevens" there would be three different combinations and six possible ways to roll a 7 (six-one, five-two, four-three, three-four, two-five, or one-six) therefore the player should bet in multiples of 3 so the bet can be divided among each combination with a 15:1 payout minus the other two bets, otherwise if players does not bet in multiples of 3, they would specific which combination has additional units.

;Field: This bet is a wager that one of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, or 12 will appear on the next roll of the dice. This bet typically pays more (2:1 or 3:1) if 2 or 12 is rolled, and 1:1 if 3, 4, 9, 10, or 11 is rolled.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|120–121}} The Field bet is a "Self-Service" Bet. Unlike the other proposition bets which are handled by the dealers or stickman, the field bet is placed directly by the player. Players identify their Field bets by placing them in the Field area directly in front of them or as close to their position as possible. The initial bet and/or any payouts can "ride" through several rolls until they lose, and are assumed to be "riding" by dealers. It is thus the player's responsibility to collect their bet and/or winnings immediately upon payout, before the next dice roll, if they do not wish to let it ride.

;Field: This bet is a wager that one of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, or 12 will appear on the next roll of the dice. This bet typically pays more (2:1 or 3:1) if 2 or 12 is rolled, and 1:1 if 3, 4, 9, 10, or 11 is rolled.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|120–121}} The Field bet is a "Self-Service" Bet. Unlike the other proposition bets which are handled by the dealers or stickman, the field bet is placed directly by the player. Players identify their Field bets by placing them in the Field area directly in front of them or as close to their position as possible. The initial bet and / or any payouts can "ride" through several rolls until they lose, and are assumed to be "riding" by dealers. It is thus the player's responsibility to collect their bet and / or winnings immediately upon payout, before the next dice roll, if they do not wish to let it ride.

===Player bets===

Fire Bet: Before the shooter begins, some casinos will allow a bet known as a fire bet to be placed. A fire bet is a bet of as little as $1 and generally up to a maximum of $5 to $10 sometimes higher, depending on casino, made in the hope that the next shooter will have a hot streak of setting and getting many points of different values. As different individual points are made by the shooter, they will be marked on the craps layout with a fire symbol.

The first three points will not pay out on the fire bet, but the fourth, fifth, and sixth will pay out at increasing odds. The fourth point pays at 24-to-1, the fifth point pays at 249-to-1, and the 6th point pays at 999-to-1. (The points must all be different numbers for them to count toward the fire bet.) For example, a shooter who successfully hits a point of 10 twice will only garner credit for the first one on the fire bet. Players must hit the established point in order for it to count toward the fire bet. The payout is determine by the number of points which have been established and hit after the shooter sevens out.<ref name="Roto2016">{{cite book |author=Robert R. Roto |title=Casino Craps: Simple Strategies for Playing Smart, Lowering Risk, and Winning More |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5sgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |date=21 June 2016 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |isbn=978-1-5107-0701-6|pages=5–}}</ref>

Bonus Craps: Prior to the initial "come out roll", players may place an optional wager (usually a $1 minimum to a maximum $25) on one or more of the three Bonus Craps wagers, "All Small", "All Tall", or "All or Nothing at All." For players to win the "All Small" wager, the shooter must hit all five small numbers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) before a seven is rolled; similarly, "All Tall" wins if all five high numbers (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) are hit before a seven is rolled.<ref name="cove_Are">{{cite web |title=Are "side bets" at the craps table a good way to build or bust your bankroll? |author=Meltzer, Marc |work=Covers.com |date=2017-11-12 |access-date=2018-02-25 |url=https://www.covers.com/editorial/Article/7c7780e6-c7e7-11e7-a978-0a9aa1523ac0/Are-side-bets-at-the-craps-table-a-good-way-to-build-or-bust-your-bankroll-las-vegas-casino-news-advice}}</ref>

These bets pay 35-for-1, for a house advantage of 7.76%. "All or Nothing at All" wins if the shooter hits all 10 numbers before a seven is rolled. This pays 176-for-1, for a house edge of 7.46%. For all three wagers, the order in which the numbers are hit does not matter. Whenever a seven is hit, including on the come out roll, all bonus bets lose, the bonus board is reset, and new bonus bets may be placed.<ref name="gala_Bonu">{{cite web |title=Bonus Craps |work=galaxygaming.com |access-date=2018-02-25 |url=https://www.galaxygaming.com/galaxy-games/32/bonus-craps |archive-date=2018-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032301/https://www.galaxygaming.com/galaxy-games/32/bonus-craps |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="fort_Wash">{{cite web |title=Washington State Gambling Commission |work=fortress.wa.gov |access-date=2018-02-25 |url=https://fortress.wa.gov/wsgc/etransfer/OnlineServices/activities/game-rules.cshtml?m=t}}</ref><ref name="glob_Gala">{{cite press release |title=Galaxy Gaming's "Bonus Craps" Tops 100 Installations |work=GlobeNewswire News Room |date=2013-01-09 |access-date=2018-02-25 |url=https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2013/01/09/515382/10017600/en/Galaxy-Gaming-s-Bonus-Craps-Tops-100-Installations.html |language=EN}}</ref>

===Multiple different bets===

A player may wish to make multiple different bets. For example, a player may be wish to bet $1 on all hard ways and the horn. If one of the bets win the dealer may automatically replenish the losing bet with profits from the winning bet. In this example, if the shooter rolls a hard 8 (pays 9:1), the horn loses. The dealer may return $5 to the player and place the other $4 on the horn bet which lost. If the player does not want the bet replenished, ~~he or she~~ should request any or all bets be taken down.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

A player may wish to make multiple different bets. For example, a player may be wish to bet $1 on all hard ways and the horn. If one of the bets win the dealer may automatically replenish the losing bet with profits from the winning bet. In this example, if the shooter rolls a hard 8 (pays 9:1), the horn loses. The dealer may return $5 to the player and place the other $4 on the horn bet which lost. If the player does not want the bet replenished, they should request any or all bets be taken down.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

===Working and not working bets===

A working bet is a live bet. Bets may also be on the board, but not in play and therefore not working. Pass line and come bets are always working meaning the chips are in play and the player is therefore wagering live money. Other bets may be working or not working depending whether a point has been established or player's choice. Place and buy bets are working by default when a point is established and not working when the point is off unless the player specifies otherwise. Lay bets are always working even if a point has not been established unless the player requests otherwise. At any time, a player may wish to take any bet or bets out of play. The dealer will put an "Off" button on the player's specific bet or bets; this allows the player to keep his chips on the board without a live wager. For example, if a player decides not to wager a place bet mid-roll but wishes to keep the chips on the number, ~~he or she~~ may request the bet be "not working" or "Off". The chips remain on the table, but the player cannot win from or lose chips which are not working.

A working bet is a live bet. Bets may also be on the board, but not in play and therefore not working. Pass line and come bets are always working meaning the chips are in play and the player is therefore wagering live money. Other bets may be working or not working depending whether a point has been established or player's choice. Place and buy bets are working by default when a point is established and not working when the point is off unless the player specifies otherwise. Lay bets are always working even if a point has not been established unless the player requests otherwise. At any time, a player may wish to take any bet or bets out of play. The dealer will put an "Off" button on the player's specific bet or bets; this allows the player to keep his chips on the board without a live wager. For example, if a player decides not to wager a place bet mid-roll but wishes to keep the chips on the number, they may request the bet be "not working" or "Off". The chips remain on the table, but the player cannot win from or lose chips which are not working.

The opposite is also allowed. By default place and buy bets are not working without an established point; a player may wish to wager chips before a point has been established. In this case, the player would request the bet be working in which the dealer will place an "On" button on the specified chips.

Line 772:

Line 769:

These variants depend on the casino and the table, and sometimes a casino will have different tables that use or omit these variants and others.

* 11 is a point number instead of a natural. Rolling an 11 still pays "Yo" center-table bets, but the Pass line does not automatically win (and the Don't Pass line does not automatically lose) when 11 is rolled on the come-out. Making the point pays 3:1 on Pass/Come odds bets (1:3 on Don't Pass/Come odds); all line bets are still even money. This substantially reduces the odds of a natural (from 8/36 to 6/36) and of making the point in general (since a 3:1 dog is added to the mix). All other things equal, the house edge on the Pass Line and Come bets for this play variation jumps dramatically to 9.75%.

* 11 is a point number instead of a natural. Rolling an 11 still pays "Yo" center-table bets, but the Pass line does not automatically win (and the Don't Pass line does not automatically lose) when 11 is rolled on the come-out. Making the point pays 3:1 on Pass / Come odds bets (1:3 on Don't Pass / Come odds); all line bets are still even money. This substantially reduces the odds of a natural (from 8 / 36 to 6 / 36) and of making the point in general (since a 3:1 dog is added to the mix). All other things equal, the house edge on the Pass Line and Come bets for this play variation jumps dramatically to 9.75%.

* 12 pays 3:1 on the field. This is generally seen in rooms that have two different table minimums, on the tables with the higher minimums. The lower minimum ones will then have 2:1 odds. For example, the Mirage casino in Las Vegas features 3:1 odds.

* 11 pays 2:1 on the field. This variant is normally used when 12 pays 3:1, and neutralizes the house edge on the field.

* Big 6/8 are unavailable. These bets are equivalent to placing or buying 6 or 8 as points, which have better payout for the same real odds, so Big 6/8 are rarely used and many casinos simply omit them from the layout. Casinos in Atlantic City are even prohibited by law from offering Big 6/8 bets.

* Big 6 / 8 are unavailable. These bets are equivalent to placing or buying 6 or 8 as points, which have better payout for the same real odds, so Big 6 / 8 are rarely used and many casinos simply omit them from the layout. Casinos in Atlantic City are even prohibited by law from offering Big 6 / 8 bets.

==Optimal betting==

When craps is played in a casino, all bets have a house advantage. That is, it can be shown mathematically that a player will (with 100% probability) lose all ~~his or her~~ money to the casino in the long run, while in the short run the player is more likely to lose money than make money. There may be players who are lucky and get ahead for a period of time, but in the long run these winning streaks are eroded away. One can slow, but not eliminate, one's average losses by only placing bets with the smallest house advantage.

When craps is played in a casino, all bets have a house advantage. That is, it can be shown mathematically that a player will (with 100% probability) lose all their money to the casino in the long run, while in the short run the player is more likely to lose money than make money. There may be players who are lucky and get ahead for a period of time, but in the long run these winning streaks are eroded away. One can slow, but not eliminate, one's average losses by only placing bets with the smallest house advantage.

The Pass/Don't Pass line, Come/Don't Come line, place 6, place 8, buy 4 and buy 10 (only under the casino rules where commission is charged only on wins) have the lowest house edge in the casino, and all other bets will, on average, lose money between three and twelve times faster because of the difference in house edges.

The Pass / Don't Pass line, Come / Don't Come line, place 6, place 8, buy 4 and buy 10 (only under the casino rules where commission is charged only on wins) have the lowest house edge in the casino, and all other bets will, on average, lose money between three and twelve times faster because of the difference in house edges.

The place bets and buy bets differ from the Pass line and come line, in that place bets and buy bets can be removed at any time, since, while they are multi-roll bets, their odds of winning do not change from roll to roll, whereas Pass line bets and come line bets are a combination of different odds on their first roll and subsequent rolls. The first roll of a Pass line bet is 2:1 advantage for the player (8 wins, 4 losses), but it is "paid for" by subsequent rolls that are at the same disadvantage to the player as the Don't Pass bets were at an advantage. As such, they cannot profitably let the player take down the bet after the first roll. Players can bet or lay odds behind an established point depending on whether it was a Pass/Come or Don't Pass/Don't Come to lower house edge by receiving true odds on the point. Casinos which allow put betting allows players to increase or make new pass/come bets after the come-out roll. This bet generally has a higher house edge than place betting, unless the casino offers high odds.

The place bets and buy bets differ from the Pass line and come line, in that place bets and buy bets can be removed at any time, since, while they are multi-roll bets, their odds of winning do not change from roll to roll, whereas Pass line bets and come line bets are a combination of different odds on their first roll and subsequent rolls. The first roll of a Pass line bet is 2:1 advantage for the player (8 wins, 4 losses), but it is "paid for" by subsequent rolls that are at the same disadvantage to the player as the Don't Pass bets were at an advantage. As such, they cannot profitably let the player take down the bet after the first roll. Players can bet or lay odds behind an established point depending on whether it was a Pass / Come or Don't Pass / Don't Come to lower house edge by receiving true odds on the point. Casinos which allow put betting allows players to increase or make new pass / come bets after the come-out roll. This bet generally has a higher house edge than place betting, unless the casino offers high odds.

Conversely, a player can take back (pick up) a Don't Pass or Don't Come bet after the first roll, but this cannot be recommended, because they already endured the disadvantaged part of the combination – the first roll. On that come-out roll, they win just 3 times (2 and 3), while losing 8 of them (7 and 11) and pushing one (12) out of the 36 possible rolls. On the other 24 rolls that become a point, their Don't Pass bet is now to their advantage by 6:3 (4 and 10), 6:4 (5 and 9) and 6:5 (6 and 8). If a player chooses to remove the initial Don't Come and/or Don't Pass line bet, ~~he or she~~ can no longer lay odds behind the bet and cannot re-bet the same Don't Pass and/or Don't Come number (players must make a new Don't Pass or come bets if desired). However, players can still make standard lay bets odds on any of the point numbers (4,5,6,8,9,10).

Conversely, a player can take back (pick up) a Don't Pass or Don't Come bet after the first roll, but this cannot be recommended, because they already endured the disadvantaged part of the combination – the first roll. On that come-out roll, they win just 3 times (2 and 3), while losing 8 of them (7 and 11) and pushing one (12) out of the 36 possible rolls. On the other 24 rolls that become a point, their Don't Pass bet is now to their advantage by 6:3 (4 and 10), 6:4 (5 and 9) and 6:5 (6 and 8). If a player chooses to remove the initial Don't Come and / or Don't Pass line bet, they can no longer lay odds behind the bet and cannot re-bet the same Don't Pass and / or Don't Come number (players must make a new Don't Pass or come bets if desired). However, players can still make standard lay bets odds on any of the point numbers (4,5,6,8,9,10).

Among these, and the remaining numbers and possible bets, there are a myriad of systems and progressions that can be used with many combinations of numbers.

An important alternative metric is house advantage per roll (rather than per bet), which may be expressed in loss per hour.<ref name="wizardofodds.com">{{cite web |url=https://wizardofodds.com/games/craps/ |title=Craps |publisher=Wizard of Odds |date=2012-03-14 |access-date=2012-06-30}}</ref> The typical pace of rolls varies depending on the number of players, but 102 rolls per hour is a cited rate for a nearly full table.<ref name="wizardofodds.com"/> This same reference states that only "29.6% of total rolls are come out rolls, on average", so for this alternative metric, needing extra rolls to resolve the Pass line bet, for example, is factored. This number then permits calculation of rate of loss per hour, and per the 4 day/5 hour per day gambling trip:

An important alternative metric is house advantage per roll (rather than per bet), which may be expressed in loss per hour.<ref name="wizardofodds.com">{{cite web |url=https://wizardofodds.com/games/craps/ |title=Craps |publisher=Wizard of Odds |date=2012-03-14 |access-date=2012-06-30}}</ref> The typical pace of rolls varies depending on the number of players, but 102 rolls per hour is a cited rate for a nearly full table.<ref name="wizardofodds.com"/> This same reference states that only "29.6% of total rolls are come out rolls, on average", so for this alternative metric, needing extra rolls to resolve the Pass line bet, for example, is factored. This number then permits calculation of rate of loss per hour, and per the 4 day / 5 hour per day gambling trip:

* $10 Pass line bets 0.42% per roll, $4.28 per hour, $86 per trip

Line 833:

Line 830:

==Dice setting or dice control==

An approach to achieving an advantage is to "set" the dice in a particular orientation, and then throw them in such a manner that they do not tumble randomly. The theory is that given exactly the same throw from exactly the same starting configuration, the dice will tumble in the same way and therefore show the same or similar values every time.<ref name="unlv">{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Donald R. |last2=Scott III |first2=Robert |date=2018 |title=Golden Arm: A Probabilistic Study of Dice Control in Craps |url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1375&context=grrj |journal=UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=29–36 |via=Digital Scholarship }}</ref>

An approach to achieving an advantage is to "set" the dice in a particular orientation, and then throw them in such a manner that they do not tumble randomly. The theory is that given exactly the same throw from exactly the same starting configuration, the dice will tumble in the same way and therefore show the same or similar values every time.<ref name="unlv">{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Donald R. |last2=Scott III |first2=Robert |date=2018 |title=Golden Arm: A Probabilistic Study of Dice Control in Craps |url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1375&context=grrj |journal=UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=29–36 |doi=10.9741/2327-8455.1375 |via=Digital Scholarship }}</ref>

Casinos take steps to prevent this. The dice are usually required to hit the back wall of the table, which is normally faced with a jagged angular texture such as pyramids, making controlled spins more difficult. There has been no independent evidence that such methods can be successfully applied in a real casino.<ref name="unlv"/>

==Variants==

Bank craps is a variation of the original craps game and is sometimes known as Las Vegas Craps. This variant is quite popular in Nevada gambling houses, and its availability online has now made it a globally played game. Bank craps uses a special table layout and all bets must be made against the house. In Bank Craps, the dice are thrown over a wire or a string that is normally stretched a few inches from the table's surface. The lowest house edge (for the Pass/Don't Pass) in this variation is around 1.4%. Generally, if the word "craps" is used without any modifier, it can be inferred to mean this version of the game, to which most of this article refers.<ref name="scarne"/>

Bank craps is a variation of the original craps game and is sometimes known as Las Vegas Craps. This variant is quite popular in Nevada gambling houses, and its availability online has now made it a globally played game. Bank craps uses a special table layout and all bets must be made against the house. In Bank Craps, the dice are thrown over a wire or a string that is normally stretched a few inches from the table's surface. The lowest house edge (for the Pass / Don't Pass) in this variation is around 1.4%. Generally, if the word "craps" is used without any modifier, it can be inferred to mean this version of the game, to which most of this article refers.<ref name="scarne"/>

Crapless craps, also known as bastard craps, is a simple version of the original craps game, and ~~is normally played as an online private game~~. The biggest difference between crapless craps and original craps is that the shooter (person throwing the dice) is at a far greater disadvantage and has a house edge of 5.38%. Another difference is that this is one of the craps games in which a player can bet on rolling a 2, 3, 11 or 12 before a 7 is thrown. In crapless craps, 2 and 12 have odds of 11:2 and have a house edge of 7.143% while 3 and 11 have odds of 11:4 with a house edge of 6.25%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shackleford |first1=Michael |title=Craps Side Bets – Wizard of Odds |url=https://wizardofodds.com/games/craps/appendix/5/ |website=wizardofodds.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

Crapless craps, also known as bastard craps, is a simple version of the original craps game, and was invented by [[Bob Stupak]] at [[Vegas World]] in the 1980's.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=John L. |date=1999-02-07 |title=Bob Stupak |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/bob-stupak/ |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=Las Vegas Review-Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> The biggest difference between crapless craps and original craps is that the shooter (person throwing the dice) is at a far greater disadvantage and has a house edge of 5.38%. Another difference is that this is one of the craps games in which a player can bet on rolling a 2, 3, 11 or 12 before a 7 is thrown. In crapless craps, 2 and 12 have odds of 11:2 and have a house edge of 7.143% while 3 and 11 have odds of 11:4 with a house edge of 6.25%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shackleford |first1=Michael |title=Craps Side Bets – Wizard of Odds |url=https://wizardofodds.com/games/craps/appendix/5/ |website=wizardofodds.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

New York Craps is one of the variations of craps played mostly in the Eastern coast of the US, true to its name. History states that this game was actually found and played in casinos in Yugoslavia, the UK and the Bahamas. In this craps variant, the house edge is greater than Las Vegas Craps or Bank craps. The table layout is also different, and is called a double-end-dealer table. This variation is different from the original craps game in several ways, but the primary difference is that New York craps does not allow Come or Don't Come bets. New York Craps Players bet on box numbers like 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10. The overall house edge in New York craps is 5%.<ref name="scarne"/>

Line 852:

Line 850:

In one variation, two shoes are used, each containing some number of regular card decks that have been stripped down to just the Aces and deuces through sixes. The boxman simply deals one card from each shoe and that is the roll on which bets are settled. Since a card-counting scheme is easily devised to make use of the information of cards that have already been dealt, a relatively small portion (less than 50%) of each shoe is usually dealt in order to protect the house.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

In a similar variation, cards representing dice are dealt directly from a continuous [[shuffling machine]] (CSM). Typically, the CSM will hold approximately 264 cards, or 44 sets of 1 through 6 spot cards. Two cards are dealt from the CSM for each roll. The game is played exactly as regular craps, but the roll distribution of the remaining cards in the CSM is slightly skewed from the normal symmetric distribution of dice.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

Even if the dealer were to shuffle each roll back into the CSM, the effect of buffering a number of cards in the chute of the CSM provides information about the skew of the next roll. Analysis shows this type of game is biased towards the Don't Pass and Don't Come bets. A player betting Don't Pass and Don't Come every roll and laying 10x odds receives a 2% profit on the initial Don't Pass / Don't Come bet each roll.{{citation needed|date=April 2011}} Using a counting system allows the player to attain a similar return at lower variance.

===Cards mapping physical dice===

Line 860:

Line 858:

In this game variation, one red deck and one blue deck of six cards each (A through 6), and a red die and a blue die are used. Each deck is shuffled separately, usually by machine. Each card is then dealt onto the layout, into the 6 red and 6 blue numbered boxes. The shooter then shoots the dice. The red card in the red-numbered box corresponding to the red die, and the blue card in the blue-numbered box corresponding to the blue die are then turned over to form the roll on which bets are settled.

Another variation uses a red and a blue deck of 36 custom playing cards each. Each card has a picture of a two-die roll on it – from ~~1–1~~ to ~~6–6~~. The shooter shoots what looks like a red and a blue die, called "cubes". They are numbered such that they can never throw a pair, and that the blue one will show a higher value than the red one exactly half the time. One such scheme could be ~~222555~~ on the red die and ~~333444~~ on the blue die.

Another variation uses a red and a blue deck of 36 custom playing cards each. Each card has a picture of a two-die roll on it – from one-one to six-six. The shooter shoots what looks like a red and a blue die, called "cubes". They are numbered such that they can never throw a pair, and that the blue one will show a higher value than the red one exactly half the time. One such scheme could be two-two-two-five-five-five on the red die and three-three-three-four-four-four on the blue die.

One card is dealt from the red deck and one is dealt from the blue deck. The shooter throws the "cubes" and the color of the cube that is higher selects the color of the card to be used to settle bets. On one such table, an additional one-roll prop bet was offered: If the card that was turned over for the "roll" was either ~~1–1~~ or ~~6–6~~, the other card was also turned over. If the other card was the "opposite" (~~6–6~~ or ~~1–1~~, respectively) of the first card, the bet paid 500:1 for this 647:1 proposition.

One card is dealt from the red deck and one is dealt from the blue deck. The shooter throws the "cubes" and the color of the cube that is higher selects the color of the card to be used to settle bets. On one such table, an additional one-roll prop bet was offered: If the card that was turned over for the "roll" was either one-one or six-six, the other card was also turned over. If the other card was the "opposite" (six-six or one-one, respectively) of the first card, the bet paid 500:1 for this 647:1 proposition.

And additional variation uses a single set of 6 cards, and regular dice. The roll of the dice maps to the card in that position, and if a pair is rolled, then the mapped card is used twice, as a pair.

Line 868:

Line 866:

==Rules of play against other players ("Street Craps")==

Recreational or informal playing of craps outside of a casino is referred to as street craps or private craps. The most notable difference between playing street craps and [[bank]] craps is that there is no bank or house to cover bets in street craps. Players must bet against each other by covering or fading each other's bets for the game to be played. If money is used instead of chips and depending on the laws of where it is being played, street craps can be an illegal form of gambling.

There are many variations of street craps. The simplest way is to either agree on or roll a number as the point, then roll the point again before rolling a seven. Unlike more complex [[proposition bet]]s offered by casinos, street craps has more simplified betting options. The shooter is required to make either a Pass or a Don't Pass bet if he wants to roll the dice. Another player must choose to cover the shooter to create a stake for the game to continue.

If there are several players, the rotation of the player who must cover the shooter may change with the shooter (comparable to a blind in [[poker]]). The person covering the shooter will always bet against the shooter. For example, if the shooter made a "Pass" bet, the person covering the shooter would make a "Don't Pass" bet to win. Once the shooter is covered, other players may make Pass/Don't Pass bets, or any other proposition bets, as long as there is another player willing to cover.

If there are several players, the rotation of the player who must cover the shooter may change with the shooter (comparable to a blind in [[poker]]). The person covering the shooter will always bet against the shooter. For example, if the shooter made a "Pass" bet, the person covering the shooter would make a "Don't Pass" bet to win. Once the shooter is covered, other players may make Pass / Don't Pass bets, or any other proposition bets, as long as there is another player willing to cover.

==In popular culture==

Line 889:

Line 887:

A [[Golden Arm]] is a craps player who rolls the dice for longer than one hour without losing. Likely the first known Golden Arm was Oahu native Stanley Fujitake, who rolled 118 times without sevening out in 3 hours and 6 minutes at the [[California Hotel and Casino]] on May 28, 1989.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-vegas-golden-arms-20170429-story.html |title=A method to their magic: Craps champions swear it's more mystique than math at the tables in Vegas |first=David |last=Montero |date=28 April 2017 |access-date=19 January 2018 |via=LA Times}}</ref>

The current record for length of a "hand" (successive rounds won by the same shooter) is 154 rolls including 25 passes by Patricia DeMauro of [[New Jersey]], lasting 4 hours and 18 minutes,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nj.com/news/2009/05/craps_player_sets_record_roll.html |title=Craps player sets record roll at Borgata casino |date=24 May 2009 |access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> at the [[Borgata]] in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]], on May 23–24, 2009. She bested by over an hour the record held for almost 20 years – that of Fujitake.

The current record for length of a "hand" (successive rounds won by the same shooter) is 154 rolls including 25 passes by Patricia DeMauro of [[New Jersey]], lasting 4 hours and 18 minutes,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nj.com/news/2009/05/craps_player_sets_record_roll.html |title=Craps player sets record roll at Borgata casino |date=24 May 2009 |access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> at the [[Borgata]] in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]], on May 23–24, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patricia Demauro - The Woman Who Broke Craps World Record |url=https://www.888casino.com/blog/craps-strategy/the-most-amazing-craps-win-of-all-time |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=www.888casino.com |language=en}}</ref> She bested by over an hour the record held for almost 20 years – that of Fujitake.

== See also ==

Line 928:

Line 926:

[[Category:Gambling games]]

[[Category:African-American culture]]

~~[[mos:CONTRACTIONS]]~~

~~[[mos:SLASH]]~~

~~[[mos:ANDOR]]~~

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{redirect|Snake-eyes|other uses|Snake Eyes (disambiguation)}}
 {{Multiple issues|
+{{More citations needed|date=April 2018}}
 {{Overly detailed|date=May 2020}}
-{{Cleanup MOS|article|, , |date=December 2022}}
 }}
 {{Infobox game
-| title         = Craps
+| title = Craps
-| subtitle      =
+| subtitle =
-| image_link    = Marines_and_sailors_attended_5th_annual_Casino_Royale_event_130928-M-WI309-003.jpg
+| image_link = Marines_and_sailors_attended_5th_annual_Casino_Royale_event_130928-M-WI309-003.jpg
 | image_caption = A craps table with a game in progress
-| image_size    = 350px
+| image_size = 350px
-| other_names   = Seven-Eleven
+| other_names = Seven-Eleven
-| players       =
+| players =
-| genre         = [[Dice game]]
+| genre = [[Dice game]]
-| ages          =
+| ages =
-| deck          =
+| deck =
-| origin        =
+| origin =
-| related       =
+| related =
-| playing_time  =
+| playing_time =
 | random_chance = High
-| skills        =
+| skills =
-| footnotes     =
+| footnotes =
 }}
-'''Craps''' is a [[dice game]] in which players [[gambling|bet]] on the outcomes of the roll of a pair of dice. Players can wager money against each other (playing "[[street craps]]") or against a bank ("[[casino craps]]").  Because it requires little equipment, "street craps" can be played in informal settings. While shooting craps, players may use [[glossary of craps terms|slang terminology]] to place bets and actions.
+'''Craps''' is a [[dice game]] in which players [[gambling|bet]] on the outcomes of the roll of a pair of dice. Players can wager money against each other (playing "[[street craps]]") or against a bank ("[[casino craps]]"). Because it requires little equipment, "street craps" can be played in informal settings. While shooting craps, players may use [[glossary of craps terms|slang terminology]] to place bets and actions.
 ==History==
-{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2018}}
 [[File:Truants, "Red St. Clair," and chum shooting craps in front of Murphy's Branch at 11-00 A.M. a school day. Red is boss... - NARA - 523289.jpg|thumb|Craps being played by children in a street in [[St Louis, Missouri]], circa 1912]]
 Craps developed in the United States from a simplification of the western European game of [[Hazard (game)|Hazard]], also spelled Hazzard<ref name=Hoyle90/> or Hasard.<ref name=Huyn/> The origins of Hazard are obscure and may date to the [[Crusades]];<ref name=Scarne74>{{cite book |title=Scarne on Dice |first=John |last=Scarne |date=1974 |url=https://archive.org/details/scarneondice0000scar/mode/2up |publisher=Stackpole Books |location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |isbn=0-8117-1516-7 |url-access=registration |author-link=John Scarne}}</ref>{{rp|32–33}} a detailed description of Hazard was provided by [[Edmond Hoyle]] in ''Hoyle's Games, Improved'' (1790).<ref name=Hoyle90/> At approximately the same time (1788), "Krabs" was documented as a French variation on Hazard.<ref name=Huyn>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_9bAAAAQAAJ |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_9bAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Theorie des jeux de Hasard |title=La theorie des jeux de hazard, ou, Analyse du krabs, du passe-dix, de la Roulette, du Trente & Quarante, du Pharaon, du Biribi & du Lotto |last1=Huyn |first1=P. N. |year=1788}}</ref><ref name=Asbury38/>{{rp|43–44}}
@@ Line 34: / Line 33: @@
 In aristocratic London, crabs was the epithet for the sum combinations of two and three for two rolled dice,<ref name=Hoyle90>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_hoyles-games-improved-_hoyle-edmond_1790/ |title=Hoyle's Games Improved |first1=Edmond |last1=Hoyle |author1-link=Edmond Hoyle |first2=Charles |last2=Jones |date=1790 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_hoyles-games-improved-_hoyle-edmond_1790/page/236/mode/2up |chapter=The GAME of HAZARD |pages=237–240}}</ref>{{rp|238}} which in Hazard are instant-losing numbers for the first dice roll, regardless of the shooter's selected main number.<ref name=Asbury38/>{{rp|42}} The name craps is derived from the corruption of this term crabs (or Krabs) to creps and then craps.<ref name=Asbury38>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/suckersprogress0000herb/ |title=Sucker's Progress |first=Herbert |last=Asbury |author-link=Herbert Asbury |date=1938 |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company |location=New York |isbn=978-0-87585-051-1 |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|42–44}}
-According to some accounts, Hazard was brought from [[London]] to [[New Orleans]] in approximately 1805 by the returning [[Bernard de Marigny|Bernard Xavier Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville]], the young gambler and scion of a family of wealthy landowners in [[Louisiana (New France)|colonial Louisiana]].<ref name=Bridges01>{{cite book |last=Bridges |first=Tyler |title=Bad Bet on the Bayou |publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux |date=2001 |isbn=0-374-52854-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/badbetonbayouris0000brid}}</ref>{{rp|7–8}} Hazard allows the dice shooter to choose any number from five to nine as their "main" number;<ref name=Cotton74>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1674/ |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1674/page/168/mode/2up |title=The Compleat Gamester |chapter=XXX. Of HAZZARD |first=Charles |last=Cotton |author-link=Charles Cotton |date=1674 |pages=168–173}}</ref>{{rp|168}} in a pamphlet published in 1933,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Palingenesis of Craps |first=Edward Larocque |last=Tinker |date=1933 |publisher=Press of the Woolly Whale}}</ref> Edward Tinker claimed that Marigny simplified the game by making the main always seven,<ref name=Bridges01/> which is the mathematically optimal choice, i.e., the choice with the lowest disadvantage for the shooter.<ref name=Cotton74/>{{rp|170}} However, more recent research indicates that Marigny played an unmodified version of Hazard, which had been played in America since at least the 1600s.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|34–35}} Instead, [[John Scarne]] credits anonymous Black American inventors with simplifying and streamlining Hazard, increasing the pace of the game and adding a variety of wagers.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|39}}
+According to some accounts, Hazard was brought from [[London]] to [[New Orleans]] in approximately 1805 by the returning [[Bernard de Marigny|Bernard Xavier Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville]], the young gambler and scion of a family of wealthy landowners in [[Louisiana (New France)|colonial Louisiana]].<ref name=Bridges01>{{cite book |last=Bridges |first=Tyler |title=Bad Bet on the Bayou |publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux |date=2001 |isbn=0-374-52854-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/badbetonbayouris0000brid}}</ref>{{rp|7–8}} Hazard allows the dice shooter to choose any number from five to nine as their "main" number;<ref name=Cotton74>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1674/ |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1674/page/168/mode/2up |title=The Compleat Gamester |chapter=XXX. Of HAZZARD |first=Charles |last=Cotton |author-link=Charles Cotton |date=1674 |pages=168–173}}</ref>{{rp|168}} in a pamphlet published in 1933,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Palingenesis of Craps |first=Edward Larocque |last=Tinker |date=1933 |publisher=Press of the Woolly Whale}}</ref> Edward Tinker claimed that Marigny simplified the game by making the main always seven,<ref name=Bridges01/> which is the mathematically optimal choice, i.e., the choice with the lowest disadvantage for the shooter.<ref name=Cotton74/>{{rp|170}} However, more recent research indicates that Marigny played an unmodified version of Hazard, which had been played in the United States since at least the 1600s.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|34–35}} Instead, [[John Scarne]] credits anonymous Black American inventors with simplifying and streamlining Hazard, increasing the pace of the game and adding a variety of wagers.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|39}}
 Regardless of who deserves credit for simplifying Hazard, the game initially was called Pass from the French word ''pas'' (meaning "pace" or "step"), and was popularized by the underclass starting in the early 19th century.<ref name=Botermans>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofgamesstrat0000bote_r1h7 |last=Botermans |first=Jack |translator-last=Fankbonner |translator-first=Edgar Loy |date=2008 |title=The Book of Games: Strategy, Tactics & History |location=New York |publisher=Sterling |isbn=978-1-4027-4221-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|541–542}} Field hands taught their friends and deckhands, who carried the new game up the Mississippi River and its tributaries, although the game was never popular amongst the riverboat gamblers.<ref name=Asbury38/>{{rp|205}} Marigny gave the name Rue de Craps to a street in his new subdivision in New Orleans; in that city, craps experienced a resurgence of popularity in the late 1830s,<ref name=Asbury38/>{{rp|45–47}} but was not played in gaming houses until the 1890s.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|40}} Budd Theobald credits the cultural exchange between attendants and railroad passengers on [[Pullman car]]s for popularizing the game,<ref name=Theobald62>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/howtoshootcraps00theo/ |title=How to Shoot Craps |first=Budd |last=Theobald |date=1962 |publisher=C.T. Harris |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|16}} which eventually spread throughout America by the 1910s,<ref name=Asbury38/>{{rp|45–47}} when it was described as "the gambling game of [the country]" in ''Foster's Complete Hoyle'' (1914).<ref name=Foster14>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/fosterscompleteh01fost/ |title=Foster's Complete Hoyle |first=Robert F. |last=Foster |author-link=Robert Frederick Foster |date=October 1914 |publisher=Frederick A. Stokes Company |location=New York}}</ref>{{rp|614–615}}
 [[File:Craps diagram (pre-Winn).svg|thumb|left|Older bank crap table layout with supplemental wagers, as typical before Winn introduced "Don't Pass"]]
-The craps numbers of 2, 3, and 12 are similarly derived from Hazard. If the main is seven, then the two-dice sum of twelve is added to the crabs as a losing number on the first dice roll.  This condition is retained in the simplified game called Pass. All three losing numbers (2, 3, and 12) on the first roll of Pass are jointly called the craps numbers.<ref name=Foster14/>{{rp|614}} The central game Pass gradually has been supplemented over the decades by many companion games and wagers which can be played simultaneously with Pass; these are now collectively known as craps.
+The craps numbers of 2, 3, and 12 are similarly derived from Hazard. If the main is seven, then the two-dice sum of twelve is added to the crabs as a losing number on the first dice roll. This condition is retained in the simplified game called Pass. All three losing numbers (2, 3, and 12) on the first roll of Pass are jointly called the craps numbers.<ref name=Foster14/>{{rp|614}} The central game Pass gradually has been supplemented over the decades by many companion games and wagers which can be played simultaneously with Pass; these are now collectively known as craps.
 Early versions of bank craps played in casinos made money either by charging a commission to shooters or offering short odds on the various wagers, primarily on the "Pass line" bet for the shooter to win against the house. In approximately 1907, a dicemaker named John H. Winn in [[Philadelphia]] introduced a layout which featured a space to wager on "Don't Pass" (i.e., for the shooter to lose) in addition to "Pass".<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|41}} Virtually all modern casinos use his innovation, which incentivizes casinos to use fair dice.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fenich |first1=George |title=A Chronology of (Legal) Gaming in the U.S. Gaming |journal=Gaming Research & Review Journal |date=1996 |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=69 |access-date=28 March 2020 |url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/grrj/vol3/iss2/6/}}</ref> As introduced by Winn, "Don't Pass" bets were taken with a 5 percent commission to ensure the house retained an edge in running the game; this was replaced by the Bar-3 push for "Don't Pass", and later by the Bar-12 (or Bar-2) push.<ref name=Fundamentals04>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofcr0000malm/ |title=Fundamentals of Craps |first1=Mason |last1=Malmuth |first2=Lynne |last2=Loomis |date=2004 |publisher=Two Plus Two Publishing |location=Henderson, Nevada |isbn=1-880685-30-2 |url-access=registration |pages=3–4}}</ref>
@@ Line 70: / Line 69: @@
 ===Craps table===
 [[File:Craps table diagram.svg|thumb|center|upright=4|The layout of a craps table, sometimes called a ''double-side dealer''<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|108}}]]
-Players use casino chips rather than cash to bet on the Craps "layout",<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|102}} a fabric surface which displays the various bets. The bets vary somewhat among casinos in availability, locations, and payouts. The tables roughly resemble bathtubs and come in various sizes.  In some locations, chips may be called [[casino token|checks, tokens, or plaques.]]
+Players use casino chips rather than cash to bet on the Craps "layout",<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|102}} a fabric surface which displays the various bets. The bets vary somewhat among casinos in availability, locations, and payouts. The tables roughly resemble bathtubs and come in various sizes. In some locations, chips may be called [[casino token|checks, tokens, or plaques.]]
-Against one long side is the casino's table bank: as many as two thousand casino chips in stacks of 20. The opposite long side is usually a long mirror.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|107}} The U-shaped ends of the table have duplicate layouts and standing room for approximately eight players. In the center of the layout is an additional group of side bets which are used by players from both ends. The vertical walls at each end are usually covered with a rubberized target surface covered with small pyramid shapes to randomize the dice which strike them.  The top edges of the table walls have one or two horizontal grooves in which players may store their reserve chips.
+Against one long side is the casino's table bank: as many as two thousand casino chips in stacks of 20. The opposite long side is usually a long mirror.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|107}} The U-shaped ends of the table have duplicate layouts and standing room for approximately eight players. In the center of the layout is an additional group of side bets which are used by players from both ends. The vertical walls at each end are usually covered with a rubberized target surface covered with small pyramid shapes to randomize the dice which strike them. The top edges of the table walls have one or two horizontal grooves in which players may store their reserve chips.
 [[File:Gambling games 3.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Two ''base dealers'' setting chips on a craps table at [[Harrah's Las Vegas]] (2011)]]
 The table is run by up to four casino employees: a '''''boxman''''' seated (usually the only seated employee) behind the casino's bank, who manages the chips, supervises the dealers, and handles "coloring up" players (exchanging small chip denominations for larger denominations in order to preserve the chips at a table); two '''''base dealers''''' who stand to either side of the boxman and collect and pay bets to players around their half of the table; and a '''''stickman''''' who stands directly across the table from the boxman, takes and pays (or directs the base dealers to do so) the bets in the center of the table, announces the results of each roll (usually with a distinctive patter), and moves the dice across the layout with an elongated wooden stick.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|107}}
-Each employee also watches for mistakes by the others because of the sometimes large number of bets and frantic pace of the game. In smaller casinos or at quiet times of day, one or more of these employees may be missing, and have their job covered by another, or cause player capacity to be reduced.
 Some smaller casinos have introduced "mini-craps" tables which are operated with only two dealers; rather than being two essentially identical sides and the center area, a single set of major bets is presented, split by the center bets. Responsibility of the dealers is adjusted: while the stickman continues to handle the center bets, it is the base dealer who handles all other bets (as well as cash and chip exchanges).
@@ Line 84: / Line 81: @@
 ===Dice===
-[[File:The Game (33285019256).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|These ''perfect dice'' from the [[Tropicana Atlantic City]] have been retired by drilling a hole completely through between the 1-6 faces; the four-digit serial number on the 6 face has been partially obliterated, but it started and ended with a 4.]]
+[[File:The Game (33285019256).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|These ''perfect dice'' from the [[Tropicana Atlantic City]] have been retired by drilling a hole completely through between the one- and six-side faces; the four-digit serial number on the six-side face has been partially obliterated, but it started and ended with a 4.]]
 The dice used at casinos for craps and many other games are sometimes called ''perfect'' or ''gambling house dice''. These are generally made from translucent extruded [[cellulose]], with perfectly square edges each {{cvt|3/4|±|1/5000|in}} in length, with pips drilled {{cvt|17|±|4|mil}} deep and filled with opaque paint matching the density of cellulose, which ensures the dice remain balanced. The dice are buffed and polished to a high glossy finish after the pips are set, and the edges usually are left sharp, also called square or razor edge. To discourage cheating and dice substitution, each die carries a serial number and the casino's logo or name.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|23–24}} New Jersey specifies the maximum size of the die is {{cvt|0.775|in}} on a side.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nj.gov/oag/ge/docs/Regulations/CHAPTER69E.pdf |title=New Jersey Administrative Code, Title 13, Chapter 69E: Gaming Equipment |publisher=State of New Jersey |access-date=24 December 2024}}</ref>{{rp|13:69E-1.15}}
@@ Line 189: / Line 186: @@
 In either case, all single or multi-roll proposition bets may be placed in either of the two phases.
-Between dice rolls there is a period for dealers to make payouts and collect losing bets, after which players can place new bets.  The stickman monitors the action at a table and decides when to give the shooter the dice, after which no more betting is allowed.
+Between dice rolls there is a period for dealers to make payouts and collect losing bets, after which players can place new bets. The stickman monitors the action at a table and decides when to give the shooter the dice, after which no more betting is allowed.
 When joining the game, one should place money on the table rather than passing it directly to a dealer. The dealer's exaggerated movements during the process of "making change" or "change only" (converting currency to an equivalent in casino cheques) are required so that any disputes can be later reviewed against security camera footage.
@@ Line 196: / Line 193: @@
 The dealers will insist that the shooter roll with one hand and that the dice bounce off the far wall surrounding the table. These requirements are meant to keep the game fair (preventing switching the dice or making a "controlled shot"). If a die leaves the table, the shooter will usually be asked to select another die from the remaining three but can request permission to use the same die if it passes the boxman's inspection. This requirement exists to keep the game fair and reduce the chance of [[loaded dice]].
-===[[Names]] of rolls===
+===Names of rolls===
 {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 |+ Names of Rolls in Craps
@@ Line 216: / Line 213: @@
 |-
 ! A:4<br/>{{die|4}}
-| style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Five (Fever Five) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Six || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Natural/Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Hard Eight
+| style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Five (Fever Five) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Six || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Natural / Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Hard Eight
 | colspan=2 |
 |-
 ! A:5<br/>{{die|5}}
-| style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Six || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" |Natural/Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Eight || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Nine (Nina) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Hard Ten
+| style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Six || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" |Natural / Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Eight || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Nine (Nina) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Hard Ten
 | |
 |-
 ! A:6<br/>{{die|6}}
-| style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Natural/Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Eight || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Nine (Nina) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Ten || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Yo (Yo-leven) || style="background-color:#ff5533;" | Boxcars/Midnight
+| style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Natural / Seven Out || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Eight || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Nine (Nina) || style="background-color:#E0FFFF;" | Easy Ten || style="background-color:#9ACD32;" | Yo (Yo-leven) || style="background-color:#ff5533;" | Boxcars / Midnight
 |}
 There are many local variants of the calls made by the stickman for rolls during a craps game.<ref name=Maurer50>{{cite journal |doi=10.1177/000271625026900116 |title=The Argot of the Dice Gambler |first=David W. |last=Maurer |author-link=David W. Maurer |date=May 1950 |volume=269 |issue=1 |journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |pages=114–133 |jstor=1027824}}</ref> These frequently incorporate a reminder to the dealers as to which bets to pay or collect.
-;Two — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-1.svg|Tabler-icons dice-1]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-1.svg|Tabler-icons dice-1]] "Snake Eyes", "Two Craps Two", "Double Aces", "Loose Deuce", "Snickies"
+;Two — {{die|1|1}} "Snake Eyes", "Two Craps Two", "Double Aces", "Loose Deuce", "Snickies"
-: The two ones that compose it look like a pair of small, beady eyes.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reich |first1=Herb |title=Numberpedia: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know (and a Few Things You Didn't) About Numbers |date=2011 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |location=New York |isbn=978-1-61608-084-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/numberpediaevery0000reic |url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{rp|41}} During actual play, more common terms are "two craps two" during the comeout roll because the Pass line bet is lost on a comeout crap roll and/or because a bet on any craps would win. "Aces; double the field" would be a more common call when not on the comeout roll to remind the dealers to pay double on the field bets and encourage the field bettor to place subsequent bets and/or when no crap bets have been placed.  Another name for the two is "loose deuce" or "Snickies" due to it sounding like "Snake eyes" but spoken with an accent.
+: The two ones that compose it look like a pair of small, beady eyes.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reich |first1=Herb |title=Numberpedia: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know (and a Few Things You Didn't) About Numbers |date=2011 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |location=New York |isbn=978-1-61608-084-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/numberpediaevery0000reic |url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{rp|41}} During actual play, more common terms are "two craps two" during the comeout roll because the Pass line bet is lost on a comeout crap roll and / or because a bet on any craps would win. "Aces; double the field" would be a more common call when not on the comeout roll to remind the dealers to pay double on the field bets and encourage the field bettor to place subsequent bets and / or when no crap bets have been placed. Another name for the two is "loose deuce" or "Snickies" due to it sounding like "Snake eyes" but spoken with an accent.
-;Three — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-1.svg|Tabler-icons dice-1]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-2.svg|Tabler-icons dice-2]] "Three Craps Three", "Ace Deuce", "Tracy", "Acey Deucy"
+;Three — {{die|1|2}} "Three Craps Three", "Ace Deuce", "Tracy", "Acey Deucy"
-: Typically called as "three craps three" during the comeout roll, or "three, ace deuce, come away single" when not on the comeout to signify the come bet has been lost and to pay single to any field bettors.  Three may also be referred to as "ace caught a deuce", "Tracy", or even less often "acey deucey".
+: Typically called as "three craps three" during the comeout roll, or "three, ace deuce, come away single" when not on the comeout to signify the come bet has been lost and to pay single to any field bettors. Three may also be referred to as "ace caught a deuce", "Tracy", or even less often "acey deucey".
-;Four (hard) — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-2.svg|Tabler-icons dice-2]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-2.svg|Tabler-icons dice-2]]"Little Joe", "Joe", "Little Dick", "Little Joe from Kokomo", "Little Joe on the Front Row", "Ballerina"
+;Four (hard) — {{die|2|2}} "Little Joe", "Joe", "Little Dick", "Little Joe from Kokomo", "Little Joe on the Front Row", "Ballerina"
-: usually hard, is sometimes referred to as "Little Joe from Kokomo" or "Little Joe on the front row" or just "Little Joe".<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|127}}  A hard four can be called a "ballerina" because it is two-two ("[[ballet tutu|tutu]]").
+: usually hard, is sometimes referred to as "Little Joe from Kokomo" or "Little Joe on the front row" or just "Little Joe".<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|127}} A hard four can be called a "ballerina" because it is two-two ("[[ballet tutu|tutu]]").
-;Five — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-2.svg|Tabler-icons dice-2]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-3.svg|Tabler-icons dice-3]] "Phoebe", "Fever in the South", "West Kentucky", "No Field Five", "Fever"
+;Five — {{die|2|3}} "Phoebe", "Fever in the South", "West Kentucky", "No Field Five", "Fever"
 : is frequently called "no field five" in casinos in which five is not one of the field rolls and thus not paid in the field bets. Other names for a five are "fever" and "little Phoebe".<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|129}}
-;Six — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-3.svg|Tabler-icons dice-3]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-3.svg|Tabler-icons dice-3]] "Jimmie Hicks", "Jimmie Hicks from the Sticks", "666 Winner 6", "Sixty Days", "Sice"
+;Six — {{die|3|3}} "Jimmie Hicks", "Jimmie Hicks from the Sticks", "666 Winner 6", "Sixty Days", "Sice"
-: may be referred to as "Jimmie Hicks" or "Jimmie Hicks from the sticks", examples of [[rhyming slang]].  On a win, the six is often called "666 winner 6" followed by "came hard" or "came easy".
+: may be referred to as "Jimmie Hicks" or "Jimmie Hicks from the sticks", examples of [[rhyming slang]]. On a win, the six is often called "666 winner 6" followed by "came hard" or "came easy".
-;Seven — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-6.svg|Tabler-icons dice-4]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-1.svg|Tabler-icons dice-2]] "Six Ace", "Up Pops the Devil", "Up Jumped the Devil", "Big Red", "Seven Out", "Seven Out Seven"
+;Seven — {{die|6|1}} "Six Ace", "Up Pops the Devil", "Up Jumped the Devil", "Big Red", "Seven Out", "Seven Out Seven"
-: rolled as 6–1 is sometimes called "six ace" or "up pops the Devil".  Older dealers and players may use the term "Big Red" because craps tables once prominently featured a large red "7" in the center of the layout for the one-roll seven bet. During the comeout, the seven is called "seven, front line winner", frequently followed by "pay the line" and/or "take the don'ts".  After the point is established, a seven is typically called by simply "7 out"{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} or "7 out 7".{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}.
+: rolled as six-one is sometimes called "six ace" or "up pops the Devil". Older dealers and players may use the term "Big Red" because craps tables once prominently featured a large red "7" in the center of the layout for the one-roll seven bet. During the comeout, the seven is called "seven, front line winner", frequently followed by "pay the line" and / or "take the don'ts". After the point is established, a seven is typically called by simply "7 out"{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} or "7 out 7".{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}.
-;Eight (hard) — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-4.svg|Tabler-icons dice-4]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-4.svg|Tabler-icons dice-4]] "Eighter from Decatur", "Ada from Decatur", "Square Pair", "Mom and Dad", "Ozzie and Harriet"
+;Eight (hard) — {{die|4|4}} "Eighter from Decatur", "Ada from Decatur", "Square Pair", "Mom and Dad", "Ozzie and Harriet"
 : rolled the hard way, as opposed to an "easy eight", is sometimes called an "eighter from [[Decatur (disambiguation)|Decatur]]".<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|124}} It can also be known as a "square pair", "mom and dad", or "[[Ozzie and Harriet]]".
-;Nine — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-4.svg|Tabler-icons dice-4]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-5.svg|Tabler-icons dice-5]] "Centerfield Nine", "Railroad Nine", "Jesse James", "Nina from Pasadena", "Nina at the Marina", "Niner from Carolina", Old Mike"
+;Nine — {{die|4|5}} "Centerfield Nine", "Railroad Nine", "Jesse James", "Nina from Pasadena", "Nina at the Marina", "Niner from Carolina", Old Mike"
-: is called a "centerfield nine" in casinos in which nine is one of the field rolls, because nine is the center number shown on the layout in such casinos (2–3–4–9–10–11–12). In Atlantic City, a 4–5 is called a "railroad nine". The 4–5 nine is also known as "Jesse James" because the outlaw [[Jesse James]] was killed by a .45 caliber pistol. Other names for the nine include "Nina from [[Pasadena (disambiguation)|Pasadena]]", "Nina at the [[Marina]]", and "niner from [[The Carolinas|Carolina]]". Nine can also be referred to as "Old Mike", named after [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] Hall-of-Famer [[Michael Jordan]], who wore No. 9 in his FIBA international career, when players could only wear numbers 4 to 15.
+: is called a "centerfield nine" in casinos in which nine is one of the field rolls, because nine is the center number shown on the layout in such casinos (2–3–4–9–10–11–12). In Atlantic City, a four-five is called a "railroad nine". The four-five nine is also known as "Jesse James" because the outlaw [[Jesse James]] was killed by a .45 caliber pistol. Other names for the nine include "Nina from [[Pasadena (disambiguation)|Pasadena]]", "Nina at the [[Marina]]", and "niner from [[The Carolinas|Carolina]]". Nine can also be referred to as "Old Mike", named after [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] Hall-of-Famer [[Michael Jordan]], who wore No. 9 in his FIBA international career, when players could only wear numbers 4 to 15.
-;Ten (hard) — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-5.svg|Tabler-icons dice-5]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-5.svg|Tabler-icons dice-5]] "Big Dick", "Big Dick from Boston", "Big Dick the Ladies' Friend", "Dos Equis", "Puppy Paws", "Pair of Sunflowers", "Big John"
+;Ten (hard) — {{die|5|5}} "Big Dick", "Big Dick from Boston", "Big Dick the Ladies' Friend", "Dos Equis", "Puppy Paws", "Pair of Sunflowers", "Big John"
-: the hard way is "a hard ten", "dos equis" (Spanish, meaning "two X's", because the pip arrangement on both dice on this roll resembles "XX"), or "Hard ten – a woman's best friend",<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|121}} an example of both rhyming slang and sexual [[double entendre]]. Ten as a pair of 5's may also be known as "puppy paws" or "a pair of sunflowers" or "Big Dick" or "Big John." Another slang for a hard ten is "moose head", because it resembles a moose's antlers. This phrase came from players in the Pittsburgh area.
+: the hard way is "a hard ten", "dos equis" (Spanish, meaning "two X's", because the pip arrangement on both dice on this roll resembles "XX"), or "Hard ten – a woman's best friend",<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|121}} an example of both rhyming slang and sexual [[double entendre]]. Ten as a pair of fives may also be known as "puppy paws" or "a pair of sunflowers" or "Big Dick" or "Big John." Another slang for a hard ten is "moose head", because it resembles a moose's antlers. This phrase came from players in the Pittsburgh area.
-;Eleven — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-6.svg|Tabler-icons dice-6]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-5.svg|Tabler-icons dice-5]] "Yo", "Yo-leven", "Six Five No Jive"
+;Eleven — {{die|6|5}} "Yo", "Yo-leven", "Six Five No Jive"
-: called out as "yo" or "yo-leven" to prevent being misheard as "seven". An older term for eleven is "six five, no jive" because it is a winning roll.  During the comeout, eleven is typically followed by "front line winner".  After the point is established, "good field and come" is often added.
+: called out as "yo" or "yo-leven" to prevent being misheard as "seven". An older term for eleven is "six five, no jive" because it is a winning roll. During the comeout, eleven is typically followed by "front line winner". After the point is established, "good field and come" is often added.
-;Twelve — [[File:Tabler-icons dice-6.svg|Tabler-icons dice-6]][[File:Tabler-icons dice-6.svg|Tabler-icons dice-6]] "Boxcars", "Midnight", "Double-action Field Traction", "12 Craps 12"
+;Twelve — {{die|6|6}} "Boxcars", "Midnight", "Double-action Field Traction", "12 Craps 12"
-: known as "boxcars" because the spots on the two dice that show 6–6 look like schematic drawings of railroad [[boxcar]]s; it is also called "midnight", referring to twelve o'clock; and also as "double-action field traction", because of the (standard) 2-to-1 pay on Field bets for this roll and the fact that the arrangement of the pips on the two dice, when laid end-to-end, resemble tire tracks.  On tables that pay triple the field on a twelve roll, the stickman will often loudly exclaim "triple" either alone or in combination with "12 craps 12" or "come away triple".
+: known as "boxcars" because the spots on the two dice that show six-six look like schematic drawings of railroad [[boxcar]]s; it is also called "midnight", referring to twelve o'clock; and also as "double-action field traction", because of the (standard) 2-to-1 pay on Field bets for this roll and the fact that the arrangement of the pips on the two dice, when laid end-to-end, resemble tire tracks. On tables that pay triple the field on a twelve roll, the stickman will often loudly exclaim "triple" either alone or in combination with "12 craps 12" or "come away triple".
 Rolls of 4, 6, 8, and 10 are called "hard" or "gag", when rolled as a double,<ref name=Maurer50/>{{rp|125}} or "easy", when rolled with two different numbers. For example, rolls will be called "six the hard way", "easy eight", "hard ten", etc., because of their significance in center table bets known as the "hard ways". Hard way rolls are so named because there is only one way to roll them (i.e., the value on each die is the same when the number is rolled). Consequently, it is more likely to roll the number in different-number combinations (easy) rather than as a double (hard).
@@ Line 382: / Line 379: @@
 |style="text-align:left;" |
 |-
-!Whirl/World (the combined bet)
+!Whirl / World (the combined bet)
 | [[#Single-roll bets|Prop]]
 |2:1||26:5 on 2,12;<hr/>11:5 on 3,11;<hr/>0:1 (push) on 7||13.33%
@@ Line 409: / Line 406: @@
 |-
 !Big&nbsp;6 / Big&nbsp;8
-| [[#Big 6 and Big 8|Big 6/8]]
+| [[#Big 6 and Big 8|Big 6 / 8]]
 |6:5||1:1||9.09%
 |Multi
-|6/8
+|6 / 8
 |7
-|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 6/8
+|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 6 / 8
 |-
 | colspan=9 style="font-size:10%;background:#ddd;" | &nbsp;
@@ Line 422: / Line 419: @@
 |2:1||9:5||6.67%
 |Multi
-|4/10
+|4 / 10
 |7
-|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player buys the 4/10
+|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player buys the 4 / 10
 |-
 !Place&nbsp;5 / Place&nbsp;9
@@ Line 430: / Line 427: @@
 |3:2||7:5||4%
 |Multi
-|5/9
+|5 / 9
 |7
 |style="text-align:left;" |
@@ Line 438: / Line 435: @@
 |6:5||7:6||1.52%
 |Multi
-|6/8
+|6 / 8
 |7
 |style="text-align:left;" |
@@ Line 449: / Line 446: @@
 |2:1||2:1 -5% of intended bet||4.76% (1.67% if commission taken only on win)
 |Multi
-|4/10
+|4 / 10
 |7
 |style="text-align:left;" | Certain casinos such as [[Santa Ana Star Casino]] offer "Free buy" reducing house edge to 0%
@@ Line 455: / Line 452: @@
 !Buy&nbsp;5 / Buy&nbsp;9
 | [[#Buy|Buy]]
-|3:2||3:2 -5% of intended bet||4.76% (1.96% if commission taken only on win)
+|3:2||3:2 -5% of intended bet||4.76% (2.00% if commission taken only on win)
 |Multi
-|5/9
+|5 / 9
 |7
-|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 5/9
+|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 5 / 9
 |-
 !Buy&nbsp;6 / Buy&nbsp;8
 | [[#Buy|Buy]]
-|6:5||6:5 -5% of intended bet||4.76% (2.22% if commission taken only on win)
+|6:5||6:5 -5% of intended bet||4.76% (2.27% if commission taken only on win)
 |Multi
-|6/8
+|6 / 8
 |7
-|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 6/8
+|style="text-align:left;" | Same true odds, better payout if the player places the 6 / 8
 |-
@@ Line 478: / Line 475: @@
 |Multi
 |7
-|4/10
+|4 / 10
 |style="text-align:left;" |
 |-
@@ Line 486: / Line 483: @@
 |Multi
 |7
-|5/9
+|5 / 9
 |style="text-align:left;" |
 |-
@@ Line 494: / Line 491: @@
 |Multi
 |7
-|6/8
+|6 / 8
 |style="text-align:left;" |
 |}
-The probability of dice combinations determine the odds of the payout. There are a total of 36 (6 × 6) possible  combinations when rolling two dice. The following chart shows the dice combinations needed to roll each number.  The two and twelve are the hardest to roll since only one combination of dice is possible. The game of craps is built around the dice roll of seven, since it is the most easily rolled dice combination.
+The probability of dice combinations determine the odds of the payout. There are a total of 36 (6 × 6) possible combinations when rolling two dice. The following chart shows the dice combinations needed to roll each number. The two and twelve are the hardest to roll since only one combination of dice is possible. The game of craps is built around the dice roll of seven, since it is the most easily rolled dice combination.
 [[File:Roll2dice.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.8|Combinations of two dice, illustrated]]
@@ Line 505: / Line 502: @@
 ! Dice roll (sum) !! Possible dice combinations !! colspan=2 | Probability
 |-
-|2||1–1 ||{{frac|1|36}} || ({{#expr:100/36 round 2}}%)
+|2||{{die|1|1}} ||{{frac|1|36}} || ({{#expr:100/36 round 2}}%)
 |-
-|3||1–2, 2–1 ||{{frac|2|36}}={{frac|1|18}} || ({{#expr:100/18 round 2}}%)
+|3||{{die|1|2}}, {{die|2|1}} ||{{frac|2|36}}={{frac|1|18}} || ({{#expr:100/18 round 2}}%)
 |-
-|4||1–3, 2–2, 3–1 ||{{frac|3|36}}={{frac|1|12}} || ({{#expr:100/12 round 2}}%)
+|4||{{die|1|3}}, {{die|2|2}}, {{die|3|1}} ||{{frac|3|36}}={{frac|1|12}} || ({{#expr:100/12 round 2}}%)
 |-
-|5||1–4, 2–3, 3–2, 4–1 ||{{frac|4|36}}={{frac|1|9}} || ({{#expr:100/9 round 2}}%)
+|5||{{die|1|4}}, {{die|2|3}}, {{die|3|2}}, {{die|4|1}} ||{{frac|4|36}}={{frac|1|9}} || ({{#expr:100/9 round 2}}%)
 |-
-|6||1–5, 2–4, 3–3, 4–2, 5–1 ||{{frac|5|36}} || ({{#expr:500/36 round 2}}%)
+|6||{{die|1|5}}, {{die|2|4}}, {{die|3|3}}, {{die|4|2}}, {{die|5|1}} ||{{frac|5|36}} || ({{#expr:500/36 round 2}}%)
 |- style="background:white; color:red;"
-|'''7'''||'''1–6, 2–5, 3–4, 4–3, 5–2, 6–1'''  ||{{frac|6|36}}={{frac|1|6}} || ({{#expr:100/6 round 2}}%)
+|'''7'''||'''{{die|1|6}}, {{die|2|5}}, {{die|3|4}}, {{die|4|3}}, {{die|5|2}}, {{die|6|1}}'''  ||{{frac|6|36}}={{frac|1|6}} || ({{#expr:100/6 round 2}}%)
 |-
-|8||2–6, 3–5, 4–4, 5–3, 6–2 ||{{frac|5|36}} || ({{#expr:500/36 round 2}}%)
+|8||{{die|2|6}}, {{die|3|5}}, {{die|4|4}}, {{die|5|3}}, {{die|6|2}} ||{{frac|5|36}} || ({{#expr:500/36 round 2}}%)
 |-
-|9||3–6, 4–5, 5–4, 6–3 ||{{frac|4|36}}={{frac|1|9}} || ({{#expr:100/9 round 2}}%)
+|9||{{die|3|6}}, {{die|4|5}}, {{die|5|4}}, {{die|6|3}} ||{{frac|4|36}}={{frac|1|9}} || ({{#expr:100/9 round 2}}%)
 |-
-|10||4–6, 5–5, 6–4 ||{{frac|3|36}}={{frac|1|12}} || ({{#expr:100/12 round 2}}%)
+|10||{{die|4|6}}, {{die|5|5}}, {{die|6|4}} ||{{frac|3|36}}={{frac|1|12}} || ({{#expr:100/12 round 2}}%)
 |-
-|11||5–6, 6–5 ||{{frac|2|36}}={{frac|1|18}} || ({{#expr:100/18 round 2}}%)
+|11||{{die|5|6}}, {{die|6|5}} ||{{frac|2|36}}={{frac|1|18}} || ({{#expr:100/18 round 2}}%)
 |-
-|12||6–6 ||{{frac|1|36}} || ({{#expr:100/36 round 2}}%)
+|12||{{die|6|6}} ||{{frac|1|36}} || ({{#expr:100/36 round 2}}%)
 |}
@@ Line 559: / Line 556: @@
 |}
-The [[expected value]] of all bets is usually negative, such that the average player will always lose money. This is because the house always sets the paid odds to below the actual odds. The only exception is the "odds" bet that the player is allowed to make after a point is established on a pass/come Don't Pass/Don't Come bet (the odds portion of the bet has a long-term expected value of 0). However, this "free odds" bet cannot be made independently, so the expected value of the entire bet, including odds, is still negative.  Since there is no correlation between die rolls, there is normally no possible long-term winning strategy in craps.
+The [[expected value]] of all bets is usually negative, such that the average player will always lose money. This is because the house always sets the paid odds to below the actual odds. The only exception is the "odds" bet that the player is allowed to make after a point is established on a pass / come Don't Pass / Don't Come bet (the odds portion of the bet has a long-term expected value of 0). However, this "free odds" bet cannot be made independently, so the expected value of the entire bet, including odds, is still negative. Since there is no correlation between die rolls, there is normally no possible long-term winning strategy in craps.
-There are occasional promotional variants that provide either no house edge or even a player edge. One example is a field bet that pays 3:1 on 12 and 2:1 on either 3 or 11. Overall, given the 5:4 true odds of this bet, and the weighted average paid odds of approximately 7:5, the player has a 5% advantage on this bet. This is sometimes seen at casinos running limited-time incentives, in jurisdictions or gaming houses that require the game to be fair, or in layouts for use in informal settings using play money. No casino currently runs a craps table with a bet that yields a player edge full-time.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|108}}
+There are occasional promotional variants that provide either no house edge or even a player edge. One example is a field bet that pays 3:1 on 12 and 2:1 on either 3 or 11. Overall, given the 5:4 true odds of this bet, and the weighted average paid odds of approximately 7:5, the player has a 5% advantage on this bet. This is sometimes seen at casinos running limited-time incentives, in jurisdictions or gaming houses that require the game to be fair, or in layouts for use in informal settings using [[play money]]. No casino currently runs a craps table with a bet that yields a player edge full-time.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|108}}
-Maximizing the size of the odds bet in relation to the line bet will reduce, but never eliminate the house edge, and will increase [[variance]].  Most casinos have a limit on how large the odds bet can be in relation to the line bet, with single, double, and five times odds common.  Some casinos offer 3–4–5 odds, referring to the maximum multiple of the line bet a player can place in odds for the points of 4 and 10, 5 and 9, and 6 and 8, respectively.  During promotional periods, a casino may even offer 100× odds bets, which reduces the house edge to almost nothing, but dramatically increases variance, as the player will be betting in large betting units.
+Maximizing the size of the odds bet in relation to the line bet will reduce, but never eliminate the house edge, and will increase [[variance]]. Most casinos have a limit on how large the odds bet can be in relation to the line bet, with single, double, and five times odds common. Some casinos offer 3–4–5 odds, referring to the maximum multiple of the line bet a player can place in odds for the points of 4 and 10, 5 and 9, and 6 and 8, respectively. During promotional periods, a casino may even offer 100× odds bets, which reduces the house edge to almost nothing, but dramatically increases variance, as the player will be betting in large betting units.
 Since several of the multiple roll bets pay off in ratios of fractions on the dollar, it is important that the player bets in multiples that will allow a correct payoff in complete dollars. Normally, payoffs will be rounded down to the nearest dollar, resulting in a higher house advantage. These bets include all place bets, taking odds, and buying on numbers 6, 8, 5, and 9, as well as laying all numbers.
@@ Line 592: / Line 589: @@
 The Pass line bet pays even money.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|110}}
-The Pass line bet is a contract bet.  Once a Pass line bet is made, it is always working and cannot be turned "Off", taken down, or reduced until a decision is reached – the point is made, or the shooter sevens out.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|110}} A player may increase any corresponding odds (up to the table limit) behind the Pass line at any time after a point is established. Players may only bet the Pass line on the come out roll when no point has been established, unless the casino allows put betting where the player can bet Pass line or increase an existing Pass line bet whenever desired and may take odds immediately if the point is already on.
+The Pass line bet is a contract bet. Once a Pass line bet is made, it is always working and cannot be turned "Off", taken down, or reduced until a decision is reached – the point is made, or the shooter sevens out.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|110}} A player may increase any corresponding odds (up to the table limit) behind the Pass line at any time after a point is established. Players may only bet the Pass line on the come out roll when no point has been established, unless the casino allows put betting where the player can bet Pass line or increase an existing Pass line bet whenever desired and may take odds immediately if the point is already on.
 ====Don't Pass====
@@ Line 609: / Line 606: @@
 The Don't Pass bet pays even money.
-The Don't Pass bet is a no-contract bet. After a point is established, a player may take down or reduce a Don't Pass bet and any corresponding odds at any time because odds of rolling a 7 before the point is in the player's favor. Once taken down or reduced, however, the Don't Pass bet may not be restored or increased. Because the shooter must have a line bet the shooter generally may not reduce a Don't Pass bet below the table minimum. In [[Las Vegas]], a majority of casinos will allow the shooter to move the bet to the Pass line in lieu of taking it down; however, in other areas such as [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]], this is not allowed. Even though players are allowed to remove the Don't Pass line bet after a point has been established, the bet cannot be turned "Off" without being removed.  Players choosing to remove the Don't Pass line bet can no longer lay odds behind the Don't Pass line. The player can, however, still make standard lay bets on any of the point numbers (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10).
+The Don't Pass bet is a no-contract bet. After a point is established, a player may take down or reduce a Don't Pass bet and any corresponding odds at any time because odds of rolling a 7 before the point is in the player's favor. Once taken down or reduced, however, the Don't Pass bet may not be restored or increased. Because the shooter must have a line bet the shooter generally may not reduce a Don't Pass bet below the table minimum. In [[Las Vegas]], a majority of casinos will allow the shooter to move the bet to the Pass line in lieu of taking it down; however, in other areas such as [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]], this is not allowed. Even though players are allowed to remove the Don't Pass line bet after a point has been established, the bet cannot be turned "Off" without being removed. Players choosing to remove the Don't Pass line bet can no longer lay odds behind the Don't Pass line. The player can, however, still make standard lay bets on any of the point numbers (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10).
 The casino chooses either Bar-2 or Bar-12, but not both. The push on 12 or 2 is mathematically necessary to maintain the house edge over the player.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|111}} Other casinos allow the player to choose to either push on 2 ("Bar Aces") or push on 12 ("Bar Sixes") depending on where it is placed on the layout. Some older bank crap games used Bar-3 ("Bar Ace-Deuce"), which increases the house edge.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|112}}
@@ Line 616: / Line 613: @@
 ====Pass odds====
-If a 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 is thrown on the come-out roll (i.e., when a point is established), most casinos allow Pass line players to take odds by placing up to some predetermined multiple of the Pass line bet, behind the Pass line.  This additional bet wins if the point is rolled again before a 7 is rolled (the point is made) and pays at the true odds:<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|113}}
+If a 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 is thrown on the come-out roll (i.e., when a point is established), most casinos allow Pass line players to take odds by placing up to some predetermined multiple of the Pass line bet, behind the Pass line. This additional bet wins if the point is rolled again before a 7 is rolled (the point is made) and pays at the true odds:<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|113}}
 * 2-to-1 if 4 or 10 is the point,
 * 3-to-2 if 5 or 9 is the point, or
@@ Line 623: / Line 620: @@
 Unlike the Pass line bet itself, the Pass line odds bet can be turned "Off" (not working), removed or reduced anytime before it loses. In Las Vegas, generally odds bets are required to be the table minimum. In Atlantic City and Pennsylvania, the combine odds and Pass bet must be table minimum so players can bet the minimum single unit on odds depending on the point. If the point is a 4 or 10, players can bet as little as $1 on odds if the table minimum is low such as is $5, $10 or $15. If the player requests the Pass odds be not working ("Off") and the shooter sevens-out or hits the point, the Pass line bet will be lost or doubled and the Pass odds returned.
-Individual casinos (and sometimes tables within a casino) vary greatly in the maximum odds they offer, from single or double odds (one or two times the Pass line bet) up to 100× or even unlimited odds.  A variation often seen is "3-4-5× Odds", where the maximum allowed odds bet depends on the point: three times if the point is 4 or 10; four times on points of 5 or 9; or five times on points of 6 or 8. This rule simplifies the calculation of winnings: a maximum Pass odds bet on a 3–4–5× table will always be paid at six times the Pass line bet regardless of the point.
+Individual casinos (and sometimes tables within a casino) vary greatly in the maximum odds they offer, from single or double odds (one or two times the Pass line bet) up to 100× or even unlimited odds. A variation often seen is "3-4-5× Odds", where the maximum allowed odds bet depends on the point: three times if the point is 4 or 10; four times on points of 5 or 9; or five times on points of 6 or 8. This rule simplifies the calculation of winnings: a maximum Pass odds bet on a 3–4–5× table will always be paid at six times the Pass line bet regardless of the point.
 As odds bets are paid at true odds, in contrast with the Pass line which is always even money, taking odds on a minimum Pass line bet lessens the house advantage compared with betting the same total amount on the Pass line only. A maximum odds bet on a minimum Pass line bet often gives the lowest house edge available in any game in the casino.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|114}} However, the odds bet cannot be made independently, so the house retains an edge on the Pass line bet itself.
@@ Line 633: / Line 630: @@
 * 5-to-6 if 6 or 8 is the point.
-Typically the maximum lay bet will be expressed such that a player may win up to an amount equal to the maximum odds multiple at the table. If a player lays maximum odds with a point of 4 or 10 on a table offering five-times odds, he would be able to lay a maximum of ten times the amount of his Don't Pass bet.  At 5× odds table, the maximum amount the combined bet can win will always be 6× the amount of the Don't Pass bet. Players can bet table minimum odds if desired and win less than table minimum.
+Typically the maximum lay bet will be expressed such that a player may win up to an amount equal to the maximum odds multiple at the table. If a player lays maximum odds with a point of 4 or 10 on a table offering five-times odds, he would be able to lay a maximum of ten times the amount of his Don't Pass bet. At 5× odds table, the maximum amount the combined bet can win will always be 6× the amount of the Don't Pass bet. Players can bet table minimum odds if desired and win less than table minimum.
 Like the Don't Pass bet the odds can be removed or reduced. Unlike the Don't Pass bet itself, the Don't Pass odds can be turned "Off" (not working). In Las Vegas generally odds bets are required to be the table minimum. In Atlantic City and Pennsylvania, the combine lay odds and Don't Pass bet must be table minimum so players may bet as little as the minimum two units on odds depending on the point. If the point is a 4 or 10 players can bet as little as $2 if the table minimum is low such as $5, $10 or $15 tables. If the player requests the Don't Pass odds to be not working ("Off") and the shooter hits the point or sevens-out, the Don't Pass bet will be lost or doubled and the Don't Pass odds returned. Unlike a standard lay bet on a point, lay odds behind the Don't Pass line does not charge commission (vig).
@@ Line 653: / Line 650: @@
 Also like a Pass line bet, the come bet is a contract bet and is always working, and cannot be turned "Off", removed or reduced until it wins or loses. However, the odds taken behind a Come bet can be turned "Off" (not working), removed or reduced anytime before the bet loses. In Las Vegas generally odds bets are required to be the table minimum. In Atlantic City and Pennsylvania, the combine odds and Pass bet must be table minimum so players can bet the minimum single unit depending on the point. If the point is a 4 or 10, players can bet as little as $1 if the table minimum is low such as $5, $10, or $15 minimums. If the player requests the Come odds to be not working ("Off") and the shooter sevens-out or hits the Come bet point, the Come bet will be lost or doubled and the Come odds returned. If the casino allows put betting a player may increase a Come bet after a point has been established and bet larger odds behind if desired. Put betting also allows a player to bet on a Come and take odds immediately on a point number without a Come bet point being established.
-The dealer will place the odds on top of the come bet, but slightly off center in order to differentiate between the original bet and the odds.  The second round wins if the shooter rolls the come bet point again before a seven. Winning come bets are paid the same as winning Pass line bets: even money for the original bet and true odds for the odds bet.  If, instead, the seven is rolled before the come-bet point, the come bet (and any odds bet) loses.
+The dealer will place the odds on top of the come bet, but slightly off center in order to differentiate between the original bet and the odds. The second round wins if the shooter rolls the come bet point again before a seven. Winning come bets are paid the same as winning Pass line bets: even money for the original bet and true odds for the odds bet. If, instead, the seven is rolled before the come-bet point, the come bet (and any odds bet) loses.
 Because of the come bet, if the shooter makes their point, a player can find themselves in the situation where they still have a come bet (possibly with odds on it) and the next roll is a come-out roll. In this situation, odds bets on the come wagers are usually presumed to be not working for the come-out roll. That means that if the shooter rolls a 7 on the come-out roll, any players with active come bets waiting for a come-bet point lose their initial wager but will have their odds bets returned to them.
@@ Line 659: / Line 656: @@
 If the come-bet point is rolled on the come-out roll, the odds do not win but the come bet does and the odds bet is returned (along with the come bet and its payoff). The player can tell the dealer that they want their odds working, such that if the shooter rolls a number that matches the come point, the odds bet will win along with the come bet, and if a seven is rolled, both lose.
-Many players will use a come bet as "insurance" against sevening out: if the shooter rolls a seven, the come bet pays 1:1, offsetting the loss of the Pass line bet.  The risk in this strategy is the situation where the shooter does not hit a seven for several rolls, leading to multiple come bets that will be lost if the shooter eventually sevens out.
+Many players will use a come bet as "insurance" against sevening out: if the shooter rolls a seven, the come bet pays 1:1, offsetting the loss of the Pass line bet. The risk in this strategy is the situation where the shooter does not hit a seven for several rolls, leading to multiple come bets that will be lost if the shooter eventually sevens out.
 ====Don't Come bet====
@@ Line 672: / Line 669: @@
 Like the Don't Pass each player may only make one Don't Come bet per roll, this does not exclude a player from laying odds on an already established Don't Come points. Players may bet both the Don't Come and Come on the same roll if desired.
-The player may lay odds on a Don't Come bet, just like a Don't Pass bet; in this case, the dealer (not the player) places the odds bet on top of the bet in the box, because of limited space, slightly offset to signify that it is an odds bet and not part of the original Don't Come bet. Lay odds behind a Don't Come are subject to the same rules as Don't Pass lay odds. Unlike a standard lay bet on a point, lay odds behind a Don't Come point does not charge commission (vig) and gives the player true odds. Like the Don't Pass line bet, Don't Come bets are no-contract, and can be removed or reduced after a Don't Come point has been established, but cannot be turned off ("not working") without being removed.  A player may also call, "No Action" when a point is established, and the bet will not be moved to its point.  This play is not to the player's advantage.  If the bet is removed, the player can no longer lay odds behind the Don't Come point and cannot restore or increase the same Don't Come bet. Players must wait until next roll as long as a Pass line point has been established (players cannot bet Don't Come on come out rolls) before they can make a new Don't Come bet. Las Vegas casinos which allow put betting allows players to move the Don't Come directly to any Come point as a put; however, this is not allowed in Atlantic City or Pennsylvania. Unlike the Don't Come bet itself, the Don't Come odds can be turned "Off" (not working), removed, or reduced if desired. In Las Vegas, players generally must lay at least table minimum on odds if desired and win less than table minimum; in Atlantic City and Pennsylvania a player's combined bet must be at least table minimum, so depending on the point number players may lay as little as 2 minimum units (e.g. if the point is 4 or 10). If the player requests the Don't Come odds be not working ("Off") and the shooter hits the Don't Come point or sevens-out, the Don't Come bet will be lost or doubled and the Don't Come odds returned.
+The player may lay odds on a Don't Come bet, just like a Don't Pass bet; in this case, the dealer (not the player) places the odds bet on top of the bet in the box, because of limited space, slightly offset to signify that it is an odds bet and not part of the original Don't Come bet. Lay odds behind a Don't Come are subject to the same rules as Don't Pass lay odds. Unlike a standard lay bet on a point, lay odds behind a Don't Come point does not charge commission (vig) and gives the player true odds. Like the Don't Pass line bet, Don't Come bets are no-contract, and can be removed or reduced after a Don't Come point has been established, but cannot be turned off ("not working") without being removed. A player may also call, "No Action" when a point is established, and the bet will not be moved to its point. This play is not to the player's advantage. If the bet is removed, the player can no longer lay odds behind the Don't Come point and cannot restore or increase the same Don't Come bet. Players must wait until next roll as long as a Pass line point has been established (players cannot bet Don't Come on come out rolls) before they can make a new Don't Come bet. Las Vegas casinos which allow put betting allows players to move the Don't Come directly to any Come point as a put; however, this is not allowed in Atlantic City or Pennsylvania. Unlike the Don't Come bet itself, the Don't Come odds can be turned "Off" (not working), removed, or reduced if desired. In Las Vegas, players generally must lay at least table minimum on odds if desired and win less than table minimum; in Atlantic City and Pennsylvania a player's combined bet must be at least table minimum, so depending on the point number players may lay as little as 2 minimum units (e.g. if the point is 4 or 10). If the player requests the Don't Come odds be not working ("Off") and the shooter hits the Don't Come point or sevens-out, the Don't Come bet will be lost or doubled and the Don't Come odds returned.
 Winning Don't Come bets are paid the same as winning Don't Pass bets: even money for the original bet and true odds for the odds lay. Unlike come bets, the odds laid behind points established by Don't Come bets are always working including come out rolls unless the player specifies otherwise.
@@ Line 682: / Line 679: @@
 Most multi-roll bets may fall into the situation where a point is made by the shooter before the outcome of the multi-roll bet is decided. These bets are often considered "not working" on the new come-out roll until the next point is established, unless the player calls the bet as "working."
-Casino rules vary on this; some of these bets may not be callable, while others may be considered "working" during the come-out.  Dealers will usually announce if bets are working unless otherwise called off.  If a non-working point number placed, bought or laid becomes the new point as the result of a come-out, the bet is usually refunded, or can be moved to another number for free.
+Casino rules vary on this; some of these bets may not be callable, while others may be considered "working" during the come-out. Dealers will usually announce if bets are working unless otherwise called off. If a non-working point number placed, bought or laid becomes the new point as the result of a come-out, the bet is usually refunded, or can be moved to another number for free.
 ====Place====
-Players can bet any point number (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10) by placing their wager in the come area and telling the dealer how much and on what number(s), "30 on the 6", "5 on the 5", or "25 on the 10".  These are typically "Place Bets to Win".  These are bets that the number bet on will be rolled before a 7 is rolled, similar to the Pass odds bets.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|115}} These bets are considered working bets, and will continue to be paid out each time a shooter rolls the number bet. On a come-out roll, a place bet is considered to be not in effect unless the player who made it specifies otherwise. This bet may be removed or reduced at any time until it loses;<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|116}} in the latter case, the player must abide by any table minimums.
+Players can bet any point number (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10) by placing their wager in the come area and telling the dealer how much and on what number(s), "30 on the 6", "5 on the 5", or "25 on the 10". These are typically "Place Bets to Win". These are bets that the number bet on will be rolled before a 7 is rolled, similar to the Pass odds bets.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|115}} These bets are considered working bets, and will continue to be paid out each time a shooter rolls the number bet. On a come-out roll, a place bet is considered to be not in effect unless the player who made it specifies otherwise. This bet may be removed or reduced at any time until it loses;<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|116}} in the latter case, the player must abide by any table minimums.
-Place bets to win pay out at slightly worse than the true odds: 9-to-5 on points 4 or 10, 7-to-5 on points 5 or 9, and 7-to-6 on points 6 or 8.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|116}} The place bets on the outside numbers (4,5,9,10) should be made in units of $5, (on a $5 minimum table), in order to receive the correct exact payout of $5 paying $7 or $5 paying $9. The place bets on the 6 & 8 should be made in units of $6, (on a $5 minimum table), in order to receive the correct exact payout of $6 paying $7.  For the 4 and 10, it is to the player's advantage to 'buy' the bet (see below).
+Place bets to win pay out at slightly worse than the true odds: 9-to-5 on points 4 or 10, 7-to-5 on points 5 or 9, and 7-to-6 on points 6 or 8.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|116}} The place bets on the outside numbers (4,5,9,10) should be made in units of $5, (on a $5 minimum table), in order to receive the correct exact payout of $5 paying $7 or $5 paying $9. The place bets on the 6 & 8 should be made in units of $6, (on a $5 minimum table), in order to receive the correct exact payout of $6 paying $7. For the 4 and 10, it is to the player's advantage to 'buy' the bet (see below).
-An alternative form, rarely offered by casinos, is the "place bet to lose."<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|117}} This bet is the opposite of the place bet to win and pays off if a 7 is rolled before the specific point number. The place bet to lose typically carries a lower house edge than a place bet to win.  Payouts are 4-to-5 on points 6 or 8, 5-to-8 on 5 or 9, and 5-to-11 on 4 or 10.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|117}}
+An alternative form, rarely offered by casinos, is the "place bet to lose."<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|117}} This bet is the opposite of the place bet to win and pays off if a 7 is rolled before the specific point number. The place bet to lose typically carries a lower house edge than a place bet to win. Payouts are 4-to-5 on points 6 or 8, 5-to-8 on 5 or 9, and 5-to-11 on 4 or 10.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|117}}
 ====Buy====
-Players can also buy a bet which are paid at true odds, but a 5% commission is charged on the amount of the bet. Buy bets are placed with the shooter betting at a specific number will come out before a player sevens out. The buy bet must be at least table minimum excluding commission; however, some casinos require the minimum buy bet amount to be at least $20 to match the $1 charged on the 5% commission. Traditionally, the buy bet commission is paid no matter what, but in recent years a number of casinos have changed their policy to charge the commission only when the buy bet wins. Some casinos charge the commission as a one-time fee to buy the number; payouts are then always at true odds. Most casinos usually charge only $1 for a $25 green-chip bet (4% commission), or $2 for $50 (two green chips), reducing the house advantage a bit more. Players may remove or reduce this bet (bet must be at least table minimum excluding vig) anytime before it loses. Buy bets like place bets are not working when no point has been established unless the player specifies otherwise.
+Players can also "buy" a point and place a bet which will pay out at true odds if that number is rolled before the next 7, but a 5% commission is charged on the amount of the bet. The buy bet must be at least table minimum excluding commission; however, some casinos require the minimum buy bet amount to be at least $20 to match the $1 charged on the 5% commission. Traditionally, the buy bet commission is paid no matter what, but in recent years a number of casinos have changed their policy to charge the commission only when the buy bet wins. Some casinos charge the commission as a one-time fee to buy the number; payouts are then always at true odds. Most casinos usually charge only $1 for a $25 green-chip bet (4% commission), or $2 for $50 (two green chips), reducing the house advantage a bit more. Players may reduce this bet (keeping it above the table minimum excluding the commission) or remove it at any time before it loses. Like place bets, buy bets are not working when no point has been established unless the player specifies otherwise.
 Where commission is charged only on wins, the commission is often deducted from the winning payoff—a winning $25 buy bet on the 10 would pay $49, for instance. The house edges stated in the table assume the commission is charged on all bets. They are reduced by at least a factor of two if commission is charged on winning bets only.
 ====Lay====
-A lay bet is the opposite of a buy bet, where a player bets on a 7 to roll before the number that is laid. Players may only lay the 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 and may lay multiple numbers if desired. Just like the buy bet lay bets pay true odds, but because the lay bet is the opposite of the buy bet, the payout is reversed. Therefore, players get 1 to 2 for the numbers 4 and 10, 2 to 3 for the numbers 5 and 9, and 5 to 6 for the numbers 6 and 8. A 5% commission (vigorish, vig, juice) is charged up front on the possible winning amount. For example: A $40 Lay Bet on the 4 would pay $20 on a win. The 5% vig would be $1 based on the $20 win. (not $2 based on the $40 bet as the way buy bet commissions are figured.) Like the buy bet the commission is adjusted to suit the betting unit such that fraction of a dollar payouts are not needed. Casinos may charge the vig up front thereby requiring the player to pay a vig win or lose, other casinos may only take the vig if the bet wins. Taking vig only on wins lowers house edge. Players may removed or reduce this bet (bet must be at least table minimum) anytime before it loses. Some casinos in Las Vegas allow players to lay table minimum plus vig if desired and win less than table minimum. Lay bet maximums are equal to the table maximum win, so if a player wishes to lay the 4 or 10, he or she may bet twice at amount of the table maximum for the win to be table maximum.  Other casinos require the minimum bet to win at $20 even at the lowest minimum tables in order to match the $1 vig, this requires a $40 bet. Similar to buy betting, some casinos only take commission on win reducing house edge. Unlike place and buy bets, lay bets are always working even when no point has been established. The player must specify otherwise if he or she wishes to have the bet not working.
+A lay bet is the opposite of a buy bet, where a player bets on a 7 to roll before the number that is laid. Players may only lay the 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 and may lay multiple numbers if desired. Just like the buy bet lay bets pay true odds, but because the lay bet is the opposite of the buy bet, the payout is reversed. Therefore, players get 1 to 2 for the numbers 4 and 10, 2 to 3 for the numbers 5 and 9, and 5 to 6 for the numbers 6 and 8. A 5% commission (vigorish, vig, juice) is charged up front on the possible winning amount. For example: A $40 Lay Bet on the 4 would pay $20 on a win. The 5% vig would be $1 based on the $20 win. (not $2 based on the $40 bet as the way buy bet commissions are figured.) Like the buy bet the commission is adjusted to suit the betting unit such that fraction of a dollar payouts are not needed. Casinos may charge the vig up front thereby requiring the player to pay a vig win or lose, other casinos may only take the vig if the bet wins. Taking vig only on wins lowers house edge. Players may remove or reduce this bet (bet must be at least table minimum) anytime before it loses. Some casinos in Las Vegas allow players to lay table minimum plus vig if desired and win less than table minimum. Lay bet maximums are equal to the table maximum win, so if a player wishes to lay the 4 or 10, they may bet twice at amount of the table maximum for the win to be table maximum. Other casinos require the minimum bet to win at $20 even at the lowest minimum tables in order to match the $1 vig, this requires a $40 bet. Similar to buy betting, some casinos only take commission on win reducing house edge. Unlike place and buy bets, lay bets are always working even when no point has been established. The player must specify otherwise if they wish to have the bet not working.
 If a player is unsure of whether a bet is a single or multi-roll bet, it can be noted that all single-roll bets will be displayed on the playing surface in one color (usually red), while all multi-roll bets will be displayed in a different color (usually yellow).
@@ Line 706: / Line 703: @@
 Put bets are generally allowed in [[Las Vegas]], but not allowed in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]] and [[Pennsylvania]].
-Put bets are better than place bets (to win) when betting more than 5-times odds over the flat bet portion of the put bet.  For example, a player wants a $30 bet on the six.  Looking at two possible bets: 1) Place the six, or 2) Put the six with odds.  A $30 place bet on the six pays $35 if it wins.  A $30 put bet would be a $5 flat line bet plus $25 (5-times) in odds, and also would pay $35 if it wins.  Now, with a $60 bet on the six, the place bet wins $70, where the put bet ($5 + $55 in odds) would pay $71.  The player needs to be at a table which not only allows put bets, but also high-times odds, to take this advantage.
+Put bets are better than place bets (to win) when betting more than 5-times odds over the flat bet portion of the put bet. For example, a player wants a $30 bet on the six. Looking at two possible bets: 1) Place the six, or 2) Put the six with odds. A $30 place bet on the six pays $35 if it wins. A $30 put bet would be a $5 flat line bet plus $25 (5-times) in odds, and also would pay $35 if it wins. Now, with a $60 bet on the six, the place bet wins $70, where the put bet ($5 + $55 in odds) would pay $71. The player needs to be at a table which not only allows put bets, but also high-times odds, to take this advantage.
 ====Hard way====
@@ Line 719: / Line 716: @@
 </ul>
 The C&E / E&C bets stand for Craps and Eleven (2, 3, 11, or 12).]]
-This bet can only be placed on the numbers 4, 6, 8, and 10. In order for this bet to win, the chosen number must be rolled the "hard way" (as doubles) before a 7 or any other non-double combination ("easy way") totaling that number is rolled. For example, a player who bets a hard 6 can only win by seeing a 3–3 roll come up before any 7 or any easy roll totaling 6 (4–2 or 5–1); otherwise, the player loses.
+This bet can only be placed on the numbers 4, 6, 8, and 10. In order for this bet to win, the chosen number must be rolled the "hard way" (as doubles) before a 7 or any other non-double combination ("easy way") totaling that number is rolled. For example, a player who bets a hard 6 can only win by seeing a three-three roll come up before any 7 or any easy roll totaling 6 (four-two or five-one); otherwise, the player loses.
 In Las Vegas casinos, this bet is generally working, including when no point has been established, unless the player specifies otherwise. In other casinos such as those in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]], hard ways are not working when the point is off unless the player requests to have it working on the come out roll.
@@ Line 725: / Line 722: @@
 Like single-roll bets, hard way bets can be lower than the table minimum; however, the maximum bet allowed is also lower than the table maximum. The minimum hard way bet can be a minimum one unit. For example, lower stake table minimums of $5 or $10, generally allow minimum hard ways bets of $1. The maximum bet is based on the maximum allowed win from a single roll.
-Easy way is not a specific bet offered in standard casinos, but a term used to define any number combination which has two ways to roll. For example, (6–4, 4–6) would be a "10 easy". The 4, 6, 8 or 10 can be made both hard and easy ways. Betting point numbers (which pays off on easy or hard rolls of that number) or single-roll ("hop") bets (e.g., "hop the 2–4" is a bet for the next roll to be an easy six rolled as a two and four) are methods of betting easy ways.
+Easy way is not a specific bet offered in standard casinos, but a term used to define any number combination which has two ways to roll. For example, (six-four, or four-six) would be a "10 easy". The 4, 6, 8 or 10 can be made both hard and easy ways. Betting point numbers (which pays off on easy or hard rolls of that number) or single-roll ("hop") bets (e.g., "hop the 2–4" is a bet for the next roll to be an easy six rolled as a two and four) are methods of betting easy ways.
 ====Big 6 and Big 8====
-A player can wager on either the 6 or 8 being rolled before the shooter throws a seven.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|118}} These wagers are usually avoided by experienced craps players since they create a large house edge by paying [[even money]] (1:1) while the true odds are 6:5; experienced players realize the house edge would be reduced by instead making place bets on the 6 or the 8, since those pay more (7:6) and are closer to the true odds.  Some casinos (especially all those in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]]) do not even offer the Big 6 & 8. The bets are located in the corners behind the Pass line, and bets may be placed directly by players.
+A player can wager on either the 6 or 8 being rolled before the shooter throws a seven.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|118}} These wagers are usually avoided by experienced craps players since they create a large house edge by paying [[even money]] (1:1) while the true odds are 6:5; experienced players realize the house edge would be reduced by instead making place bets on the 6 or the 8, since those pay more (7:6) and are closer to the true odds. Some casinos (especially all those in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]]) do not even offer the Big 6 & 8. The bets are located in the corners behind the Pass line, and bets may be placed directly by players.
-The only real advantage offered by the Big 6 & 8 is that they can be bet for the table minimum, whereas a place bet minimum may sometimes be greater than the table minimum (e.g. $6 place bet on a $3 minimum game.) In addition place bets are usually not working, except by agreement, when the shooter is "coming out" i.e. shooting for a point, and Big 6 and 8 bets always work. Some modern layouts no longer show the Big 6/Big 8 bet.
+The only real advantage offered by the Big 6 & 8 is that they can be bet for the table minimum, whereas a place bet minimum may sometimes be greater than the table minimum (e.g. $6 place bet on a $3 minimum game.) In addition place bets are usually not working, except by agreement, when the shooter is "coming out" i.e. shooting for a point, and Big 6 and 8 bets always work. Some modern layouts no longer show the Big 6 / Big 8 bet.
 ===Single-roll bets===
@@ Line 745: / Line 742: @@
 ;Any seven: A single roll bet which wins if the shooter rolls a 7 with 4:1 payout. This bet is also nicknamed Big Red, since the 7 on its betting space on the layout is usually large and red, and it is considered bad luck and a breach of etiquette among gamblers to speak the word "seven" at the table.
 ;Horn: This is a bet that involves betting on 1 unit each for 2, 3, 11, and 12 at the same time for the next roll. The bet is actually four separate bets, and pays off depending on which number is actually rolled. The combined payout is 27:4 for 2, 12 and 3:1 for 3, 11. Each individual bet has the same payout as a single bet on the specific numbers, 30:1 for 2 and 12 minus the other three bets, 15:1 for 3 and 11 minus the other three bets. If a player wins the bet he can take down all four bets instead of a single bet even though only one bet can win per roll. Many players, in order to eliminate the confusion of tossing four chips to the center of the table or having change made while bets are being placed, will make a five-unit Horn High bet, which is a four-way bet with the extra unit going to one specific number. For example, if one tosses a $5 chip into the center and says "horn high yo", they are placing four $1 bets on each of the horn numbers and the extra dollar will go on the yo (11). Horn bets are generally required to be in multiples of 4 or 5 with the minimum bet being 4 times the minimum unit allowed. For example, if the single roll minimum at the table is $1 the Horn bet must be $4 or more.
-;Whirl or World: A five-unit bet that is a combination of a horn and any-seven bet, with the idea that if a seven is rolled the bet is a push, because the money won on the seven is lost on the horn portions of the bet. The combine odds are 26:5 on the 2, 12, 11:5 on the 3, 11, and a push on the 7. Like the C & E and Horn bet, if a player wishes to take down the bet after a win he or she would receive all five units back. The minimum bet is five of the minimum units. For example, if the minimum single roll bet is $1, the minimum World/Whirl bet is $5.
+;Whirl or World: A five-unit bet that is a combination of a horn and any-seven bet, with the idea that if a seven is rolled the bet is a push, because the money won on the seven is lost on the horn portions of the bet. The combine odds are 26:5 on the 2, 12, 11:5 on the 3, 11, and a push on the 7. Like the C & E and Horn bet, if a player wishes to take down the bet after a win they would receive all five units back. The minimum bet is five of the minimum units. For example, if the minimum single roll bet is $1, the minimum World / Whirl bet is $5.
-;On the Hop: (also Hop, or Hopping) A single roll bet on any particular combination of the two dice on the next roll including combinations whose sum is 7 (e.g. 4 and 3).  For example, if someone bets on "5 and 1" on the hop, they are betting that the next roll will have a 5 on one die and a 1 on the other die. The bet pays 15:1 on easy ways (same as a bet on 3 or 11). Hard ways hop pays 30:1 (e.g., 3 and 3 on the hop, same as a bet on 2 or 12).  The true odds are 17:1 and 35:1, resulting in a house edge of 11.11% and 13.89% respectively. When presented, hop bets are located at the center of the craps layout with the other proposition bets.  If hop bets are not on the craps layout, they still may be bet on by players but they become the responsibility of the boxman to book the bet. Sometimes players may request to hop a whole number. In this case the money on the bet different combinations. For example, if a player says "hop the tens" (6–4, 5–5, 4–6) the player must give the dealer an even number bet so it can be divided among the hard and easy ways. If the player gives $10, $5 would be placed on the easy ways 10 with 15:1 odds and $5 would be placed on the hard way with 30:1 odds. If a player wishes to "hop the sevens" there would be three different combinations and six possible ways to roll a 7 (6–1, 5–2, 4–3, 3–4, 2–5, 1–6) therefore the player should bet in multiples of 3 so the bet can be divided among each combination with a 15:1 payout minus the other two bets, otherwise if players does not bet in multiples of 3, they would specific which combination has additional units.
+;On the Hop: (also Hop, or Hopping) A single roll bet on any particular combination of the two dice on the next roll including combinations whose sum is 7 (e.g. four-three). For example, if someone bets on "5 and 1" on the hop, they are betting that the next roll will have a five on one die and a one on the other die. The bet pays 15:1 on easy ways (same as a bet on 3 or 11). Hard ways hop pays 30:1 (e.g., 3 and 3 on the hop, same as a bet on 2 or 12). The true odds are 17:1 and 35:1, resulting in a house edge of 11.11% and 13.89% respectively. When presented, hop bets are located at the center of the craps layout with the other proposition bets. If hop bets are not on the craps layout, they still may be bet on by players but they become the responsibility of the boxman to book the bet. Sometimes players may request to hop a whole number. In this case the money on the bet different combinations. For example, if a player says "hop the tens" (six-four, five-five, or four-six) the player must give the dealer an even number bet so it can be divided among the hard and easy ways. If the player gives $10, $5 would be placed on the easy ways 10 with 15:1 odds and $5 would be placed on the hard way with 30:1 odds. If a player wishes to "hop the sevens" there would be three different combinations and six possible ways to roll a 7 (six-one, five-two, four-three, three-four, two-five, or one-six) therefore the player should bet in multiples of 3 so the bet can be divided among each combination with a 15:1 payout minus the other two bets, otherwise if players does not bet in multiples of 3, they would specific which combination has additional units.
-;Field: This bet is a wager that one of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, or 12 will appear on the next roll of the dice. This bet typically pays more (2:1 or 3:1) if 2 or 12 is rolled, and 1:1 if 3, 4, 9, 10, or 11 is rolled.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|120–121}} The Field bet is a "Self-Service" Bet. Unlike the other proposition bets which are handled by the dealers or stickman, the field bet is placed directly by the player. Players identify their Field bets by placing them in the Field area directly in front of them or as close to their position as possible. The initial bet and/or any payouts can "ride" through several rolls until they lose, and are assumed to be "riding" by dealers. It is thus the player's responsibility to collect their bet and/or winnings immediately upon payout, before the next dice roll, if they do not wish to let it ride.
+;Field: This bet is a wager that one of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, or 12 will appear on the next roll of the dice. This bet typically pays more (2:1 or 3:1) if 2 or 12 is rolled, and 1:1 if 3, 4, 9, 10, or 11 is rolled.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|120–121}} The Field bet is a "Self-Service" Bet. Unlike the other proposition bets which are handled by the dealers or stickman, the field bet is placed directly by the player. Players identify their Field bets by placing them in the Field area directly in front of them or as close to their position as possible. The initial bet and / or any payouts can "ride" through several rolls until they lose, and are assumed to be "riding" by dealers. It is thus the player's responsibility to collect their bet and / or winnings immediately upon payout, before the next dice roll, if they do not wish to let it ride.
 ===Player bets===
 {{More citations needed|section|date=April 2018}}
-Fire Bet: Before the shooter begins, some casinos will allow a bet known as a fire bet to be placed.  A fire bet is a bet of as little as $1 and generally up to a maximum of $5 to $10 sometimes higher, depending on casino, made in the hope that the next shooter will have a hot streak of setting and getting many points of different values. As different individual points are made by the shooter, they will be marked on the craps layout with a fire symbol.
+Fire Bet: Before the shooter begins, some casinos will allow a bet known as a fire bet to be placed. A fire bet is a bet of as little as $1 and generally up to a maximum of $5 to $10 sometimes higher, depending on casino, made in the hope that the next shooter will have a hot streak of setting and getting many points of different values. As different individual points are made by the shooter, they will be marked on the craps layout with a fire symbol.
 The first three points will not pay out on the fire bet, but the fourth, fifth, and sixth will pay out at increasing odds. The fourth point pays at 24-to-1, the fifth point pays at 249-to-1, and the 6th point pays at 999-to-1. (The points must all be different numbers for them to count toward the fire bet.) For example, a shooter who successfully hits a point of 10 twice will only garner credit for the first one on the fire bet. Players must hit the established point in order for it to count toward the fire bet. The payout is determine by the number of points which have been established and hit after the shooter sevens out.<ref name="Roto2016">{{cite book |author=Robert R. Roto |title=Casino Craps: Simple Strategies for Playing Smart, Lowering Risk, and Winning More |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5sgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |date=21 June 2016 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |isbn=978-1-5107-0701-6|pages=5–}}</ref>
-Bonus Craps: Prior to the initial "come out roll", players may place an optional wager (usually a $1 minimum to a maximum $25) on one or more of the three Bonus Craps wagers, "All Small", "All Tall", or "All or Nothing at All."  For players to win the "All Small" wager, the shooter must hit all five small numbers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) before a seven is rolled; similarly, "All Tall" wins if all five high numbers (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) are hit before a seven is rolled.<ref name="cove_Are">{{cite web |title=Are "side bets" at the craps table a good way to build or bust your bankroll? |author=Meltzer, Marc |work=Covers.com |date=2017-11-12 |access-date=2018-02-25 |url=https://www.covers.com/editorial/Article/7c7780e6-c7e7-11e7-a978-0a9aa1523ac0/Are-side-bets-at-the-craps-table-a-good-way-to-build-or-bust-your-bankroll-las-vegas-casino-news-advice}}</ref>
+Bonus Craps: Prior to the initial "come out roll", players may place an optional wager (usually a $1 minimum to a maximum $25) on one or more of the three Bonus Craps wagers, "All Small", "All Tall", or "All or Nothing at All." For players to win the "All Small" wager, the shooter must hit all five small numbers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) before a seven is rolled; similarly, "All Tall" wins if all five high numbers (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) are hit before a seven is rolled.<ref name="cove_Are">{{cite web |title=Are "side bets" at the craps table a good way to build or bust your bankroll? |author=Meltzer, Marc |work=Covers.com |date=2017-11-12 |access-date=2018-02-25 |url=https://www.covers.com/editorial/Article/7c7780e6-c7e7-11e7-a978-0a9aa1523ac0/Are-side-bets-at-the-craps-table-a-good-way-to-build-or-bust-your-bankroll-las-vegas-casino-news-advice}}</ref>
 These bets pay 35-for-1, for a house advantage of 7.76%. "All or Nothing at All" wins if the shooter hits all 10 numbers before a seven is rolled. This pays 176-for-1, for a house edge of 7.46%. For all three wagers, the order in which the numbers are hit does not matter. Whenever a seven is hit, including on the come out roll, all bonus bets lose, the bonus board is reset, and new bonus bets may be placed.<ref name="gala_Bonu">{{cite web |title=Bonus Craps |work=galaxygaming.com |access-date=2018-02-25 |url=https://www.galaxygaming.com/galaxy-games/32/bonus-craps |archive-date=2018-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032301/https://www.galaxygaming.com/galaxy-games/32/bonus-craps |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="fort_Wash">{{cite web |title=Washington State Gambling Commission |work=fortress.wa.gov |access-date=2018-02-25 |url=https://fortress.wa.gov/wsgc/etransfer/OnlineServices/activities/game-rules.cshtml?m=t}}</ref><ref name="glob_Gala">{{cite press release |title=Galaxy Gaming's "Bonus Craps" Tops 100 Installations |work=GlobeNewswire News Room |date=2013-01-09 |access-date=2018-02-25 |url=https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2013/01/09/515382/10017600/en/Galaxy-Gaming-s-Bonus-Craps-Tops-100-Installations.html |language=EN}}</ref>
 ===Multiple different bets===
-A player may wish to make multiple different bets. For example, a player may be wish to bet $1 on all hard ways and the horn. If one of the bets win the dealer may automatically replenish the losing bet with profits from the winning bet. In this example, if the shooter rolls a hard 8 (pays 9:1), the horn loses. The dealer may return $5 to the player and place the other $4 on the horn bet which lost. If the player does not want the bet replenished, he or she should request any or all bets be taken down.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}
+A player may wish to make multiple different bets. For example, a player may be wish to bet $1 on all hard ways and the horn. If one of the bets win the dealer may automatically replenish the losing bet with profits from the winning bet. In this example, if the shooter rolls a hard 8 (pays 9:1), the horn loses. The dealer may return $5 to the player and place the other $4 on the horn bet which lost. If the player does not want the bet replenished, they should request any or all bets be taken down.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}
 ===Working and not working bets===
 {{Unreferenced section|date=April 2018}}
-A working bet is a live bet. Bets may also be on the board, but not in play and therefore not working. Pass line and come bets are always working meaning the chips are in play and the player is therefore wagering live money. Other bets may be working or not working depending whether a point has been established or player's choice. Place and buy bets are working by default when a point is established and not working when the point is off unless the player specifies otherwise. Lay bets are always working even if a point has not been established unless the player requests otherwise. At any time, a player may wish to take any bet or bets out of play. The dealer will put an "Off" button on the player's specific bet or bets; this allows the player to keep his chips on the board without a live wager. For example, if a player decides not to wager a place bet mid-roll but wishes to keep the chips on the number, he or she may request the bet be "not working" or "Off". The chips remain on the table, but the player cannot win from or lose chips which are not working.
+A working bet is a live bet. Bets may also be on the board, but not in play and therefore not working. Pass line and come bets are always working meaning the chips are in play and the player is therefore wagering live money. Other bets may be working or not working depending whether a point has been established or player's choice. Place and buy bets are working by default when a point is established and not working when the point is off unless the player specifies otherwise. Lay bets are always working even if a point has not been established unless the player requests otherwise. At any time, a player may wish to take any bet or bets out of play. The dealer will put an "Off" button on the player's specific bet or bets; this allows the player to keep his chips on the board without a live wager. For example, if a player decides not to wager a place bet mid-roll but wishes to keep the chips on the number, they may request the bet be "not working" or "Off". The chips remain on the table, but the player cannot win from or lose chips which are not working.
 The opposite is also allowed. By default place and buy bets are not working without an established point; a player may wish to wager chips before a point has been established. In this case, the player would request the bet be working in which the dealer will place an "On" button on the specified chips.
@@ Line 772: / Line 769: @@
 These variants depend on the casino and the table, and sometimes a casino will have different tables that use or omit these variants and others.
-* 11 is a point number instead of a natural. Rolling an 11 still pays "Yo" center-table bets, but the Pass line does not automatically win (and the Don't Pass line does not automatically lose) when 11 is rolled on the come-out. Making the point pays 3:1 on Pass/Come odds bets (1:3 on Don't Pass/Come odds); all line bets are still even money. This substantially reduces the odds of a natural (from 8/36 to 6/36) and of making the point in general (since a 3:1 dog is added to the mix). All other things equal, the house edge on the Pass Line and Come bets for this play variation jumps dramatically to 9.75%.
+* 11 is a point number instead of a natural. Rolling an 11 still pays "Yo" center-table bets, but the Pass line does not automatically win (and the Don't Pass line does not automatically lose) when 11 is rolled on the come-out. Making the point pays 3:1 on Pass / Come odds bets (1:3 on Don't Pass / Come odds); all line bets are still even money. This substantially reduces the odds of a natural (from 8 / 36 to 6 / 36) and of making the point in general (since a 3:1 dog is added to the mix). All other things equal, the house edge on the Pass Line and Come bets for this play variation jumps dramatically to 9.75%.
-* 12 pays 3:1 on the field. This is generally seen in rooms that have two different table minimums, on the tables with the higher minimums. The lower minimum ones will then have 2:1 odds.  For example, the Mirage casino in Las Vegas features 3:1 odds.
+* 12 pays 3:1 on the field. This is generally seen in rooms that have two different table minimums, on the tables with the higher minimums. The lower minimum ones will then have 2:1 odds. For example, the Mirage casino in Las Vegas features 3:1 odds.
 * 11 pays 2:1 on the field. This variant is normally used when 12 pays 3:1, and neutralizes the house edge on the field.
-* Big 6/8 are unavailable. These bets are equivalent to placing or buying 6 or 8 as points, which have better payout for the same real odds, so Big 6/8 are rarely used and many casinos simply omit them from the layout. Casinos in Atlantic City are even prohibited by law from offering Big 6/8 bets.
+* Big 6 / 8 are unavailable. These bets are equivalent to placing or buying 6 or 8 as points, which have better payout for the same real odds, so Big 6 / 8 are rarely used and many casinos simply omit them from the layout. Casinos in Atlantic City are even prohibited by law from offering Big 6 / 8 bets.
 ==Optimal betting==
 {{More citations needed|section|date=April 2018}}
-When craps is played in a casino, all bets have a house advantage. That is, it can be shown mathematically that a player will (with 100% probability) lose all his or her money to the casino in the long run, while in the short run the player is more likely to lose money than make money. There may be players who are lucky and get ahead for a period of time, but in the long run these winning streaks are eroded away. One can slow, but not eliminate, one's average losses by only placing bets with the smallest house advantage.
+When craps is played in a casino, all bets have a house advantage. That is, it can be shown mathematically that a player will (with 100% probability) lose all their money to the casino in the long run, while in the short run the player is more likely to lose money than make money. There may be players who are lucky and get ahead for a period of time, but in the long run these winning streaks are eroded away. One can slow, but not eliminate, one's average losses by only placing bets with the smallest house advantage.
-The Pass/Don't Pass line, Come/Don't Come line, place 6, place 8, buy 4 and buy 10 (only under the casino rules where commission is charged only on wins) have the lowest house edge in the casino, and all other bets will, on average, lose money between three and twelve times faster because of the difference in house edges.
+The Pass / Don't Pass line, Come / Don't Come line, place 6, place 8, buy 4 and buy 10 (only under the casino rules where commission is charged only on wins) have the lowest house edge in the casino, and all other bets will, on average, lose money between three and twelve times faster because of the difference in house edges.
-The place bets and buy bets differ from the Pass line and come line, in that place bets and buy bets can be removed at any time, since, while they are multi-roll bets, their odds of winning do not change from roll to roll, whereas Pass line bets and come line bets are a combination of different odds on their first roll and subsequent rolls. The first roll of a Pass line bet is 2:1 advantage for the player (8 wins, 4 losses), but it is "paid for" by subsequent rolls that are at the same disadvantage to the player as the Don't Pass bets were at an advantage. As such, they cannot profitably let the player take down the bet after the first roll. Players can bet or lay odds behind an established point depending on whether it was a Pass/Come or Don't Pass/Don't Come to lower house edge by receiving true odds on the point. Casinos which allow put betting allows players to increase or make new pass/come bets after the come-out roll. This bet generally has a higher house edge than place betting, unless the casino offers high odds.
+The place bets and buy bets differ from the Pass line and come line, in that place bets and buy bets can be removed at any time, since, while they are multi-roll bets, their odds of winning do not change from roll to roll, whereas Pass line bets and come line bets are a combination of different odds on their first roll and subsequent rolls. The first roll of a Pass line bet is 2:1 advantage for the player (8 wins, 4 losses), but it is "paid for" by subsequent rolls that are at the same disadvantage to the player as the Don't Pass bets were at an advantage. As such, they cannot profitably let the player take down the bet after the first roll. Players can bet or lay odds behind an established point depending on whether it was a Pass / Come or Don't Pass / Don't Come to lower house edge by receiving true odds on the point. Casinos which allow put betting allows players to increase or make new pass / come bets after the come-out roll. This bet generally has a higher house edge than place betting, unless the casino offers high odds.
-Conversely, a player can take back (pick up) a Don't Pass or Don't Come bet after the first roll, but this cannot be recommended, because they already endured the disadvantaged part of the combination – the first roll. On that come-out roll, they win just 3 times (2 and 3), while losing 8 of them (7 and 11) and pushing one (12) out of the 36 possible rolls. On the other 24 rolls that become a point, their Don't Pass bet is now to their advantage by 6:3 (4 and 10), 6:4 (5 and 9) and 6:5 (6 and 8). If a player chooses to remove the initial Don't Come and/or Don't Pass line bet, he or she can no longer lay odds behind the bet and cannot re-bet the same Don't Pass and/or Don't Come number (players must make a new Don't Pass or come bets if desired). However, players can still make standard lay bets odds on any of the point numbers (4,5,6,8,9,10).
+Conversely, a player can take back (pick up) a Don't Pass or Don't Come bet after the first roll, but this cannot be recommended, because they already endured the disadvantaged part of the combination – the first roll. On that come-out roll, they win just 3 times (2 and 3), while losing 8 of them (7 and 11) and pushing one (12) out of the 36 possible rolls. On the other 24 rolls that become a point, their Don't Pass bet is now to their advantage by 6:3 (4 and 10), 6:4 (5 and 9) and 6:5 (6 and 8). If a player chooses to remove the initial Don't Come and / or Don't Pass line bet, they can no longer lay odds behind the bet and cannot re-bet the same Don't Pass and / or Don't Come number (players must make a new Don't Pass or come bets if desired). However, players can still make standard lay bets odds on any of the point numbers (4,5,6,8,9,10).
 Among these, and the remaining numbers and possible bets, there are a myriad of systems and progressions that can be used with many combinations of numbers.
-An important alternative metric is house advantage per roll (rather than per bet), which may be expressed in loss per hour.<ref name="wizardofodds.com">{{cite web |url=https://wizardofodds.com/games/craps/ |title=Craps |publisher=Wizard of Odds |date=2012-03-14 |access-date=2012-06-30}}</ref> The typical pace of rolls varies depending on the number of players, but 102 rolls per hour is a cited rate for a nearly full table.<ref name="wizardofodds.com"/> This same reference states that only "29.6% of total rolls are come out rolls, on average", so for this alternative metric, needing extra rolls to resolve the Pass line bet, for example, is factored. This number then permits calculation of rate of loss per hour, and per the 4 day/5 hour per day gambling trip:
+An important alternative metric is house advantage per roll (rather than per bet), which may be expressed in loss per hour.<ref name="wizardofodds.com">{{cite web |url=https://wizardofodds.com/games/craps/ |title=Craps |publisher=Wizard of Odds |date=2012-03-14 |access-date=2012-06-30}}</ref> The typical pace of rolls varies depending on the number of players, but 102 rolls per hour is a cited rate for a nearly full table.<ref name="wizardofodds.com"/> This same reference states that only "29.6% of total rolls are come out rolls, on average", so for this alternative metric, needing extra rolls to resolve the Pass line bet, for example, is factored. This number then permits calculation of rate of loss per hour, and per the 4 day / 5 hour per day gambling trip:
 * $10 Pass line bets 0.42% per roll, $4.28 per hour, $86 per trip
@@ Line 833: / Line 830: @@
 ==Dice setting or dice control==
 {{Main|Dice control}}
-An approach to achieving an advantage is to "set" the dice in a particular orientation, and then throw them in such a manner that they do not tumble randomly.  The theory is that given exactly the same throw from exactly the same starting configuration, the dice will tumble in the same way and therefore show the same or similar values every time.<ref name="unlv">{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Donald R. |last2=Scott III |first2=Robert |date=2018 |title=Golden Arm: A Probabilistic Study of Dice Control in Craps |url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1375&context=grrj |journal=UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=29–36 |via=Digital Scholarship }}</ref>
+An approach to achieving an advantage is to "set" the dice in a particular orientation, and then throw them in such a manner that they do not tumble randomly. The theory is that given exactly the same throw from exactly the same starting configuration, the dice will tumble in the same way and therefore show the same or similar values every time.<ref name="unlv">{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Donald R. |last2=Scott III |first2=Robert |date=2018 |title=Golden Arm: A Probabilistic Study of Dice Control in Craps |url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1375&context=grrj |journal=UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=29–36 |doi=10.9741/2327-8455.1375 |via=Digital Scholarship }}</ref>
 Casinos take steps to prevent this. The dice are usually required to hit the back wall of the table, which is normally faced with a jagged angular texture such as pyramids, making controlled spins more difficult. There has been no independent evidence that such methods can be successfully applied in a real casino.<ref name="unlv"/>
 ==Variants==
-Bank craps is a variation of the original craps game and is sometimes known as Las Vegas Craps. This variant is quite popular in Nevada gambling houses, and its availability online has now made it a globally played game. Bank craps uses a special table layout and all bets must be made against the house. In Bank Craps, the dice are thrown over a wire or a string that is normally stretched a few inches from the table's surface. The lowest house edge (for the Pass/Don't Pass) in this variation is around 1.4%. Generally, if the word "craps" is used without any modifier, it can be inferred to mean this version of the game, to which most of this article refers.<ref name="scarne"/>
+Bank craps is a variation of the original craps game and is sometimes known as Las Vegas Craps. This variant is quite popular in Nevada gambling houses, and its availability online has now made it a globally played game. Bank craps uses a special table layout and all bets must be made against the house. In Bank Craps, the dice are thrown over a wire or a string that is normally stretched a few inches from the table's surface. The lowest house edge (for the Pass / Don't Pass) in this variation is around 1.4%. Generally, if the word "craps" is used without any modifier, it can be inferred to mean this version of the game, to which most of this article refers.<ref name="scarne"/>
-Crapless craps, also known as bastard craps, is a simple version of the original craps game, and is normally played as an online private game. The biggest difference between crapless craps and original craps is that the shooter (person throwing the dice) is at a far greater disadvantage and has a house edge of 5.38%. Another difference is that this is one of the craps games in which a player can bet on rolling a 2, 3, 11 or 12 before a 7 is thrown. In crapless craps, 2 and 12 have odds of 11:2 and have a house edge of 7.143% while 3 and 11 have odds of 11:4 with a house edge of 6.25%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shackleford |first1=Michael |title=Craps Side Bets – Wizard of Odds |url=https://wizardofodds.com/games/craps/appendix/5/ |website=wizardofodds.com |language=en-us}}</ref>
+Crapless craps, also known as bastard craps, is a simple version of the original craps game, and was invented by [[Bob Stupak]] at [[Vegas World]] in the 1980's.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=John L. |date=1999-02-07 |title=Bob Stupak |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/bob-stupak/ |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=Las Vegas Review-Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> The biggest difference between crapless craps and original craps is that the shooter (person throwing the dice) is at a far greater disadvantage and has a house edge of 5.38%. Another difference is that this is one of the craps games in which a player can bet on rolling a 2, 3, 11 or 12 before a 7 is thrown. In crapless craps, 2 and 12 have odds of 11:2 and have a house edge of 7.143% while 3 and 11 have odds of 11:4 with a house edge of 6.25%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shackleford |first1=Michael |title=Craps Side Bets – Wizard of Odds |url=https://wizardofodds.com/games/craps/appendix/5/ |website=wizardofodds.com |language=en-us}}</ref>
 New York Craps is one of the variations of craps played mostly in the Eastern coast of the US, true to its name. History states that this game was actually found and played in casinos in Yugoslavia, the UK and the Bahamas. In this craps variant, the house edge is greater than Las Vegas Craps or Bank craps. The table layout is also different, and is called a double-end-dealer table. This variation is different from the original craps game in several ways, but the primary difference is that New York craps does not allow Come or Don't Come bets. New York Craps Players bet on box numbers like 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10. The overall house edge in New York craps is 5%.<ref name="scarne"/>
@@ Line 852: / Line 850: @@
 In one variation, two shoes are used, each containing some number of regular card decks that have been stripped down to just the Aces and deuces through sixes. The boxman simply deals one card from each shoe and that is the roll on which bets are settled. Since a card-counting scheme is easily devised to make use of the information of cards that have already been dealt, a relatively small portion (less than 50%) of each shoe is usually dealt in order to protect the house.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}
-In a similar variation, cards representing dice are dealt directly from a continuous [[shuffling machine]] (CSM).  Typically, the CSM will hold approximately 264 cards, or 44 sets of 1 through 6 spot cards.  Two cards are dealt from the CSM for each roll. The game is played exactly as regular craps, but the roll distribution of the remaining cards in the CSM is slightly skewed from the normal symmetric distribution of dice.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}
+In a similar variation, cards representing dice are dealt directly from a continuous [[shuffling machine]] (CSM). Typically, the CSM will hold approximately 264 cards, or 44 sets of 1 through 6 spot cards. Two cards are dealt from the CSM for each roll. The game is played exactly as regular craps, but the roll distribution of the remaining cards in the CSM is slightly skewed from the normal symmetric distribution of dice.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}
-Even if the dealer were to shuffle each roll back into the CSM, the effect of buffering a number of cards in the chute of the CSM provides information about the skew of the next roll.  Analysis shows this type of game is biased towards the Don't Pass and Don't Come bets.  A player betting Don't Pass and Don't Come every roll and laying 10x odds receives a 2% profit on the initial Don't Pass / Don't Come bet each roll.{{citation needed|date=April 2011}} Using a counting system allows the player to attain a similar return at lower variance.
+Even if the dealer were to shuffle each roll back into the CSM, the effect of buffering a number of cards in the chute of the CSM provides information about the skew of the next roll. Analysis shows this type of game is biased towards the Don't Pass and Don't Come bets. A player betting Don't Pass and Don't Come every roll and laying 10x odds receives a 2% profit on the initial Don't Pass / Don't Come bet each roll.{{citation needed|date=April 2011}} Using a counting system allows the player to attain a similar return at lower variance.
 ===Cards mapping physical dice===
@@ Line 860: / Line 858: @@
 In this game variation, one red deck and one blue deck of six cards each (A through 6), and a red die and a blue die are used. Each deck is shuffled separately, usually by machine. Each card is then dealt onto the layout, into the 6 red and 6 blue numbered boxes. The shooter then shoots the dice. The red card in the red-numbered box corresponding to the red die, and the blue card in the blue-numbered box corresponding to the blue die are then turned over to form the roll on which bets are settled.
-Another variation uses a red and a blue deck of 36 custom playing cards each. Each card has a picture of a two-die roll on it – from 1–1 to 6–6. The shooter shoots what looks like a red and a blue die, called "cubes". They are numbered such that they can never throw a pair, and that the blue one will show a higher value than the red one exactly half the time. One such scheme could be 222555 on the red die and 333444 on the blue die.
+Another variation uses a red and a blue deck of 36 custom playing cards each. Each card has a picture of a two-die roll on it – from one-one to six-six. The shooter shoots what looks like a red and a blue die, called "cubes". They are numbered such that they can never throw a pair, and that the blue one will show a higher value than the red one exactly half the time. One such scheme could be two-two-two-five-five-five on the red die and three-three-three-four-four-four on the blue die.
-One card is dealt from the red deck and one is dealt from the blue deck. The shooter throws the "cubes" and the color of the cube that is higher selects the color of the card to be used to settle bets. On one such table, an additional one-roll prop bet was offered: If the card that was turned over for the "roll" was either 1–1 or 6–6, the other card was also turned over. If the other card was the "opposite" (6–6 or 1–1, respectively) of the first card, the bet paid 500:1 for this 647:1 proposition.
+One card is dealt from the red deck and one is dealt from the blue deck. The shooter throws the "cubes" and the color of the cube that is higher selects the color of the card to be used to settle bets. On one such table, an additional one-roll prop bet was offered: If the card that was turned over for the "roll" was either one-one or six-six, the other card was also turned over. If the other card was the "opposite" (six-six or one-one, respectively) of the first card, the bet paid 500:1 for this 647:1 proposition.
 And additional variation uses a single set of 6 cards, and regular dice. The roll of the dice maps to the card in that position, and if a pair is rolled, then the mapped card is used twice, as a pair.
@@ Line 868: / Line 866: @@
 ==Rules of play against other players ("Street Craps")==
 {{Unreferenced section|date=April 2018}}
-Recreational or informal playing of craps outside of a casino is referred to as street craps or private craps.  The most notable difference between playing street craps and [[bank]] craps is that there is no bank or house to cover bets in street craps.  Players must bet against each other by covering or fading each other's bets for the game to be played. If money is used instead of chips and depending on the laws of where it is being played, street craps can be an illegal form of gambling.
+Recreational or informal playing of craps outside of a casino is referred to as street craps or private craps. The most notable difference between playing street craps and [[bank]] craps is that there is no bank or house to cover bets in street craps. Players must bet against each other by covering or fading each other's bets for the game to be played. If money is used instead of chips and depending on the laws of where it is being played, street craps can be an illegal form of gambling.
-There are many variations of street craps.  The simplest way is to either agree on or roll a number as the point, then roll the point again before rolling a seven.  Unlike more complex [[proposition bet]]s offered by casinos, street craps has more simplified betting options.  The shooter is required to make either a Pass or a Don't Pass bet if he wants to roll the dice.  Another player must choose to cover the shooter to create a stake for the game to continue.
+There are many variations of street craps. The simplest way is to either agree on or roll a number as the point, then roll the point again before rolling a seven. Unlike more complex [[proposition bet]]s offered by casinos, street craps has more simplified betting options. The shooter is required to make either a Pass or a Don't Pass bet if he wants to roll the dice. Another player must choose to cover the shooter to create a stake for the game to continue.
-If there are several players, the rotation of the player who must cover the shooter may change with the shooter (comparable to a blind in [[poker]]).  The person covering the shooter will always bet against the shooter.  For example, if the shooter made a "Pass" bet, the person covering the shooter would make a "Don't Pass" bet to win.  Once the shooter is covered, other players may make Pass/Don't Pass bets, or any other proposition bets, as long as there is another player willing to cover.
+If there are several players, the rotation of the player who must cover the shooter may change with the shooter (comparable to a blind in [[poker]]). The person covering the shooter will always bet against the shooter. For example, if the shooter made a "Pass" bet, the person covering the shooter would make a "Don't Pass" bet to win. Once the shooter is covered, other players may make Pass / Don't Pass bets, or any other proposition bets, as long as there is another player willing to cover.
 ==In popular culture==
@@ Line 889: / Line 887: @@
 A [[Golden Arm]] is a craps player who rolls the dice for longer than one hour without losing. Likely the first known Golden Arm was Oahu native Stanley Fujitake, who rolled 118 times without sevening out in 3 hours and 6 minutes at the [[California Hotel and Casino]] on May 28, 1989.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-vegas-golden-arms-20170429-story.html |title=A method to their magic: Craps champions swear it's more mystique than math at the tables in Vegas |first=David |last=Montero |date=28 April 2017 |access-date=19 January 2018 |via=LA Times}}</ref>
-The current record for length of a "hand" (successive rounds won by the same shooter) is 154 rolls including 25 passes by Patricia DeMauro of [[New Jersey]], lasting 4 hours and 18 minutes,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nj.com/news/2009/05/craps_player_sets_record_roll.html |title=Craps player sets record roll at Borgata casino |date=24 May 2009 |access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> at the [[Borgata]] in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]], on May 23–24, 2009. She bested by over an hour the record held for almost 20 years&nbsp;– that of Fujitake.
+The current record for length of a "hand" (successive rounds won by the same shooter) is 154 rolls including 25 passes by Patricia DeMauro of [[New Jersey]], lasting 4 hours and 18 minutes,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nj.com/news/2009/05/craps_player_sets_record_roll.html |title=Craps player sets record roll at Borgata casino |date=24 May 2009 |access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> at the [[Borgata]] in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]], on May 23–24, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patricia Demauro - The Woman Who Broke Craps World Record |url=https://www.888casino.com/blog/craps-strategy/the-most-amazing-craps-win-of-all-time |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=www.888casino.com |language=en}}</ref> She bested by over an hour the record held for almost 20 years&nbsp;– that of Fujitake.
 == See also ==
@@ Line 928: / Line 926: @@
 [[Category:Gambling games]]
 [[Category:African-American culture]]
-[[mos:CONTRACTIONS]]
-[[mos:SLASH]]
-[[mos:ANDOR]]

Craps: Difference between revisions

Navigation menu

Search