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| image2 = Variobahn and CR4000 at Sandilands.jpg | | image2 = Variobahn and CR4000 at Sandilands.jpg | ||
| imagesize2 = 300px | | imagesize2 = 300px | ||
| caption2 = Variobahn and CR4000 trams at Sandilands tram stop | | caption2 = [[Stadler Variobahn|Variobahn]] (left) and CR4000 (right) trams at Sandilands tram stop | ||
| image3 = Tramlink map 2017.png | | image3 = Tramlink map 2017.png | ||
| imagesize3 = 300px | | imagesize3 = 300px | ||
| caption3 = System diagram | | caption3 = System diagram | ||
| locale = [[South London]] | | locale = [[South London]] | ||
| area served = London Boroughs of {{cslist|[[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]]|[[London Borough of Merton|Merton]]|[[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]]|oxford=true}} | | area served = London Boroughs of {{cslist|[[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]]|[[London Borough of Merton|Merton]]|[[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]]|[[London Borough of Bromley|Bromley]]|oxford=true}} | ||
| transit_type = [[Light rail]] using [[tram]]s | | transit_type = [[Light rail]] using [[tram]]s | ||
| stations = 39 | | stations = 39 | ||
| ridership = | | ridership = | ||
| annual_ridership = | | annual_ridership = 17.2 million (2024–25)<ref name="dft">{{cite web |title=Light rail and tram statistics, England: year ending March 2025 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/light-rail-and-tram-statistics-england-year-ending-march-2025/light-rail-and-tram-statistics-england-year-ending-march-2025 |publisher=Department for Transport |access-date=5 November 2025}}</ref> {{decrease}} 14% | ||
| began_operation = {{ | | began_operation = {{Start date and age|2000|05|10|df=yes}} | ||
| owner = [[Transport for London]] | | owner = [[Transport for London]] | ||
| operator = [[ | | operator = Tram Operations Ltd ([[FirstGroup]]) | ||
| vehicles = {{plainlist| | | vehicles = {{plainlist| | ||
* 23 [[Bombardier CR4000]] | * 23 [[Bombardier CR4000]] | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
| website = {{Official URL}} | | website = {{Official URL}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Tramlink''', previously '''Croydon Tramlink''' and currently branded as '''London Trams''', is a [[light rail]] [[tram]] system serving [[Croydon]] and surrounding areas in [[South London]], England. It is the first operational tram system serving the London region since 1952. Tramlink is | '''Tramlink''', previously '''Croydon Tramlink''' and currently branded as '''London Trams''', is a [[light rail]] [[tram]] system serving [[Croydon]] and surrounding areas in [[South London]], England. It is the first operational tram system serving the London region since 1952. Tramlink is managed by London Trams, a public body part of [[Transport for London]] (TfL), and has been operated by [[FirstGroup]] since 2017. It is one of two light rail networks in [[Greater London]], the other being the [[Docklands Light Railway]]. Tramlink is the fourth-busiest light rail network in the UK behind the [[Docklands Light Railway]], [[Manchester Metrolink]] and [[Tyne and Wear Metro]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/720315/light-rail-and-tram-statistics-england-2018.pdf |title = Light Rail and Tram Statistics, England: 2017/18 |publisher = Department for Transport |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
Studies for the delivery of a modern-day tram system in Croydon began in the 1960s and detailed planning was performed in the 1980s. Approval of the scheme was received in 1990 and, following a competitive [[invitation to tender|tender]] process, construction and initial operation of the tramway was undertaken by ''Tramtrack Croydon'' (TC) via a 99-year [[Private Finance Initiative]] (PFI) contract. The official opening of Tramlink took place on 10 May 2000; by the end of the year three routes were operational. The network consists of 39 stops along {{convert|28|km|0|abbr=on}} of track,<ref name = "tfl whatwedo">{{cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/what-we-do/london-trams?intcmp=2647 |title=London Trams |publisher=Transport for London |access-date=9 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108184124/https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/what-we-do/london-trams?intcmp=2647 |archive-date=8 November 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> on a mixture of street track shared with other traffic, dedicated track in public roads, and off-street track consisting of new rights-of-way, former railway lines, and one right-of-way where the Tramlink track runs parallel to a [[third rail]]-electrified [[Network Rail]] line. The network's lines coincide in central Croydon, with eastern termini at [[ | Studies for the delivery of a modern-day tram system in Croydon began in the 1960s and detailed planning was performed in the 1980s. Approval of the scheme was received in 1990 and, following a competitive [[invitation to tender|tender]] process, construction and initial operation of the tramway was undertaken by ''Tramtrack Croydon'' (TC) via a 99-year [[Private Finance Initiative]] (PFI) contract. The official opening of Tramlink took place on 10 May 2000; by the end of the year three routes were operational. The network consists of 39 stops along {{convert|28|km|0|abbr=on}} of track,<ref name = "tfl whatwedo">{{cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/what-we-do/london-trams?intcmp=2647 |title=London Trams |publisher=Transport for London |access-date=9 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108184124/https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/what-we-do/london-trams?intcmp=2647 |archive-date=8 November 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> on a mixture of street track shared with other traffic, dedicated track in public roads, and off-street track consisting of new rights-of-way, former railway lines, and one right-of-way where the Tramlink track runs parallel to a [[third rail]]-electrified [[Network Rail]] line. The network's lines coincide in central Croydon, with eastern termini at [[Beckenham Junction]], [[Elmers End station|Elmers End]] and [[New Addington tram stop|New Addington]], and a western terminus at [[Wimbledon station|Wimbledon]], where there is an interchange for [[London Underground]]. | ||
Since its original opening, the tram network has been expanded and additional [[rolling stock]] has been purchased. During 2008, TfL took over Tramlink operations, ending the PFI and making the company a subsidiary of TfL. Additional rolling stock was introduced during the early 2010s. Furthermore, numerous extensions to the network have been discussed, the most recent of which is the [[Sutton Link]], an extension to connect [[Sutton, London|Sutton]] to [[Colliers Wood tube station|Colliers Wood]]. Sutton Link was paused in 2020 until funding can be secured. In the 2020s, TfL began work to order new trams for the system. | Since its original opening, the tram network has been expanded and additional [[rolling stock]] has been purchased. During 2008, TfL took over Tramlink operations, ending the PFI and making the company a subsidiary of TfL. Additional rolling stock was introduced during the early 2010s. Furthermore, numerous extensions to the network have been discussed, the most recent of which is the [[Sutton Link]], an extension to connect [[Sutton, London|Sutton]] to [[Colliers Wood tube station|Colliers Wood]]. Sutton Link was paused in 2020 until funding can be secured. In the 2020s, TfL began work to order new trams for the system. | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
These two concepts became joined in joint LRTL/TLRS concept of New Addington to Wimbledon every 15 minutes via East and West Croydon and Mitcham plus New Addington to Tattenham Corner every 15 minutes via East and West Croydon, Sutton and Epsom Downs. A branch into Forestdale to give an overlap service from Sutton was also included. During the 1970s, several BR directors and up-and-coming managers were aware of the advantages. Chris Green, upon becoming managing director, Network South East, published his plans in 1987 expanding the concept to take in the Tattenham Corner and Caterham branches and provide a service from Croydon to Lewisham via Addiscombe and Hayes. Following on from the opening of the DLR a small group working under Tony Ridley, then managing director, London Transport, investigated the potential for further light rail in London. The report 'Light Rail for London', written by engineer David Catling and Transport Planner Jon Willis, looked at a number of possible schemes including conversion of the East London Line. However a light rail network focussed on Croydon, with the conversion of existing heavy rail routes, was the most promising. The London Borough of Croydon wanted to improve access to the town centre without further road building and also improve access to the LCC built New Addington estate. Furthermore, road traffic in Croydon expanded considerably during the 1980s and planners were keen to apply public transit to fulfil the recorded growth in demand in the area.<ref name = "tfl tramhistory"/> The project was developed by a small team in LT, headed by Scott McIntosh and in Croydon by Jill Lucas.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} | These two concepts became joined in joint LRTL/TLRS concept of New Addington to Wimbledon every 15 minutes via East and West Croydon and Mitcham plus New Addington to Tattenham Corner every 15 minutes via East and West Croydon, Sutton and Epsom Downs. A branch into Forestdale to give an overlap service from Sutton was also included. During the 1970s, several BR directors and up-and-coming managers were aware of the advantages. Chris Green, upon becoming managing director, Network South East, published his plans in 1987 expanding the concept to take in the Tattenham Corner and Caterham branches and provide a service from Croydon to Lewisham via Addiscombe and Hayes. Following on from the opening of the DLR a small group working under Tony Ridley, then managing director, London Transport, investigated the potential for further light rail in London. The report 'Light Rail for London', written by engineer David Catling and Transport Planner Jon Willis, looked at a number of possible schemes including conversion of the East London Line. However a light rail network focussed on Croydon, with the conversion of existing heavy rail routes, was the most promising. The London Borough of Croydon wanted to improve access to the town centre without further road building and also improve access to the LCC built New Addington estate. Furthermore, road traffic in Croydon expanded considerably during the 1980s and planners were keen to apply public transit to fulfil the recorded growth in demand in the area.<ref name = "tfl tramhistory"/> The project was developed by a small team in LT, headed by Scott McIntosh and in Croydon by Jill Lucas.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} | ||
The scheme was accepted in principle in February 1990 by [[ | {{Infobox UK legislation | ||
| short_title = Croydon Tramlink Act 1994 | |||
| type = Act | |||
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom | |||
| long_title = An Act to empower London Regional Transport and Croydon London Borough Council to provide for the development and operation of a system of light rail transit in the London boroughs of Merton, Sutton, Croydon and Bromley; to authorise the construction of works and the acquisition of lands for that purpose; to confer further powers upon London Regional Transport and Croydon London Borough Council; and for other purposes. | |||
| year = 1994 | |||
| citation = [[List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1994|1994]] c. xi | |||
| introduced_commons = | |||
| introduced_lords = | |||
| territorial_extent = | |||
| royal_assent = 21 July 1994 | |||
| commencement = | |||
| expiry_date = | |||
| repeal_date = | |||
| amends = | |||
| replaces = | |||
| amendments = | |||
| repealing_legislation = | |||
| related_legislation = | |||
| status = current | |||
| legislation_history = | |||
| theyworkforyou = | |||
| millbankhansard = | |||
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/1994/11/contents/enacted | |||
| revised_text = | |||
| use_new_UK-LEG = | |||
| UK-LEG_title = | |||
| collapsed = yes | |||
}} | |||
The scheme was accepted in principle in February 1990 by [[Croydon Council]] who worked with what was then [[London Regional Transport]] (LRT) to propose Tramlink to Parliament. The '''{{visible anchor|Croydon Tramlink Act 1994}}''' (c. xi) resulted, which gave LRT the power to build and run Tramlink.<ref name=tramlinkact>{{Cite web |title = Croydon Tramlink Act |year = 1994 |url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/localact1994/ukla_19940011_en_2#pt1-l1g4 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121026062753/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/1994/11/contents/enacted#pt1-l1g4 |archive-date = 26 October 2012 |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref name = "tfl tramhistory"/> | |||
===Construction=== | ===Construction=== | ||
Both the delivery and operation of the tramway was accomplished via a competitive [[invitation to tender|tender]] process.<ref name = "tfl tramhistory"/> During November 1995, it was announced that four [[ | Both the delivery and operation of the tramway was accomplished via a competitive [[invitation to tender|tender]] process.<ref name = "tfl tramhistory"/> During November 1995, it was announced that four [[consortia]] were shortlisted to build, operate and maintain Tramlink:<ref>{{cite magazine |title = Light rail shortlist |magazine = [[Railway Gazette International]] |date = November 1995 |page = 715 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
* Altram: [[John Laing Group|John Laing]], [[Hitachi Rail Italy|Ansaldo]], [[Serco]] | * Altram: [[John Laing Group|John Laing]], [[Hitachi Rail Italy|Ansaldo]], [[Serco]] | ||
* Croydon Connect: [[Tarmac Group|Tarmac]], [[AEG (German company)|AEG]], [[Transdev (historic)|Transdev]] | * Croydon Connect: [[Tarmac Group|Tarmac]], [[AEG (German company)|AEG]], [[Transdev (historic)|Transdev]] | ||
* CT Light Rail Group: [[ | * CT Light Rail Group: [[GEC Alsthom]], [[Mowlem]], [[Welsh Water]] | ||
* Tramtrack Croydon: [[FirstGroup|CentreWest]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland]], [[Sir Robert McAlpine]], [[Amey plc|Amey]], [[Bombardier Transportation]] | * Tramtrack Croydon: [[FirstGroup|CentreWest]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland]], [[Sir Robert McAlpine]], [[Amey plc|Amey]], [[Bombardier Transportation]] | ||
| Line 73: | Line 102: | ||
[[Centrale tram stop]], in Tamworth Road on the one-way central loop, opened on 10 December 2005,<ref name=":0" /> increasing journey times slightly. As turnround times were already quite tight, this raised the issue of buying an extra tram to maintain punctuality. Partly for this reason, but also to take into account the planned restructuring of services, (subsequently introduced in July 2006), TfL issued tenders for a new tram.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Croydon town centre : Routes : Croydon Tramlink : TheTrams.co.uk |url=https://www.thetrams.co.uk/croydon/croydon/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.thetrams.co.uk}}</ref> However, nothing resulted from this. | [[Centrale tram stop]], in Tamworth Road on the one-way central loop, opened on 10 December 2005,<ref name=":0" /> increasing journey times slightly. As turnround times were already quite tight, this raised the issue of buying an extra tram to maintain punctuality. Partly for this reason, but also to take into account the planned restructuring of services, (subsequently introduced in July 2006), TfL issued tenders for a new tram.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Croydon town centre : Routes : Croydon Tramlink : TheTrams.co.uk |url=https://www.thetrams.co.uk/croydon/croydon/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.thetrams.co.uk}}</ref> However, nothing resulted from this. | ||
In January 2011, TfL opened a tender for the supply of ten new or second-hand trams from the end of summer 2011, for use between Therapia Lane and Elmers End.<ref name=rgltsbfat>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/london-tramlink-seeks-bids-for-additional-trams.html |title=London Tramlink seeks bids for additional trams |date=31 January 2011 |magazine= Railway Gazette International |location= London |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121102131738/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/london-tramlink-seeks-bids-for-additional-trams.html |archive-date=2 November 2012 |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = New Trams for Croydon |magazine = Rail |issue = 663 |date = 9 February 2011 |page = 16 |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref name=rgi20110818/> On 18 August 2011, TfL announced that [[Stadler Rail]] had won a £16.3{{nbsp}}million contract to supply six [[ | In January 2011, TfL opened a tender for the supply of ten new or second-hand trams from the end of summer 2011, for use between Therapia Lane and Elmers End.<ref name=rgltsbfat>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/london-tramlink-seeks-bids-for-additional-trams.html |title=London Tramlink seeks bids for additional trams |date=31 January 2011 |magazine= Railway Gazette International |location= London |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121102131738/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/london-tramlink-seeks-bids-for-additional-trams.html |archive-date=2 November 2012 |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = New Trams for Croydon |magazine = Rail |issue = 663 |date = 9 February 2011 |page = 16 |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref name=rgi20110818/> On 18 August 2011, TfL announced that [[Stadler Rail]] had won a £16.3{{nbsp}}million contract to supply six [[Variobahn]] trams similar to those used by [[Bybanen]] in [[Bergen]], Norway.<ref name=rgi20110818>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/stadler-wins-london-tramlink-tram-order.html |title=Stadler wins London Tramlink tram order |date=18 August 2011 |magazine= Railway Gazette International |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110917051215/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/stadler-wins-london-tramlink-tram-order.html |archive-date=17 September 2011 |language = en-GB}}</ref> They entered service in 2012.<ref name=RailwayGazette21Aug13>{{cite web |url = http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/london-tramlink-orders-more-stadler-trams.html |title = London Tramlink orders more Stadler trams |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103134936/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/london-tramlink-orders-more-stadler-trams.html |archive-date=3 January 2017 |publisher = Railway Gazette International |date = 21 August 2013 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
In August 2013, TfL ordered an additional four Variobahn trams for delivery in 2015, for use on the Wimbledon to Croydon link, an order later increased to six. This brought the total Variobahn fleet up to ten in 2015,<ref name=RailwayGazette21Aug13/><ref name=TfLWimbledonNewTrams>{{cite press release |title=London Tramlink orders four new trams for Wimbledon branch |url= http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/28456.aspx |publisher=Transport for London |date=30 August 2013 |access-date=1 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130901205013/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/28456.aspx |archive-date=1 September 2013 |language = en-GB}}</ref> and 12 in 2016 when the final two trams were delivered.<ref name=BTO/> | In August 2013, TfL ordered an additional four Variobahn trams for delivery in 2015, for use on the Wimbledon to Croydon link, an order later increased to six. This brought the total Variobahn fleet up to ten in 2015,<ref name=RailwayGazette21Aug13/><ref name=TfLWimbledonNewTrams>{{cite press release |title=London Tramlink orders four new trams for Wimbledon branch |url= http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/28456.aspx |publisher=Transport for London |date=30 August 2013 |access-date=1 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130901205013/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/28456.aspx |archive-date=1 September 2013 |language = en-GB}}</ref> and 12 in 2016 when the final two trams were delivered.<ref name=BTO/> | ||
| Line 81: | Line 110: | ||
There are 39 stops, with 38 opened in the initial phase, and [[Centrale tram stop]] added on 10 December 2005.<ref name=":0" /> Most stops are {{convert|32.2|m|abbr=on|ftin}} long. The tram stops have low platforms, {{convert|35|cm|abbr=on}} above rail level, virtually level with the doors. This level access from platform to tram allows [[wheelchair]]s, [[Baby transport#Wheeled devices|prams]], [[Baby transport#Wheeled devices|pushchairs]] and the elderly to board easily with no steps.<ref name=":33">{{Cite book |last=Michael. |first=Steward |title=Tramlink : official handbook |date=2000 |publisher=Capital Transport |isbn=1-85414-222-4 |oclc=48533869}}</ref> In street sections, the stop is integrated with the pavement.<ref name=":33" /> All platforms are all wider than {{convert|2|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":33" /> Tramlink uses some former main-line stations on the Wimbledon–West Croydon and Elmers End–Coombe Lane stretches of line. The railway platforms have been demolished and rebuilt to Tramlink specifications, except at Elmers End and Wimbledon where the track level was raised to meet the higher main-line platforms to enable [[cross-platform interchange]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} | There are 39 stops, with 38 opened in the initial phase, and [[Centrale tram stop]] added on 10 December 2005.<ref name=":0" /> Most stops are {{convert|32.2|m|abbr=on|ftin}} long. The tram stops have low platforms, {{convert|35|cm|abbr=on}} above rail level, virtually level with the doors. This level access from platform to tram allows [[wheelchair]]s, [[Baby transport#Wheeled devices|prams]], [[Baby transport#Wheeled devices|pushchairs]] and the elderly to board easily with no steps.<ref name=":33">{{Cite book |last=Michael. |first=Steward |title=Tramlink : official handbook |date=2000 |publisher=Capital Transport |isbn=1-85414-222-4 |oclc=48533869}}</ref> In street sections, the stop is integrated with the pavement.<ref name=":33" /> All platforms are all wider than {{convert|2|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":33" /> Tramlink uses some former main-line stations on the Wimbledon–West Croydon and Elmers End–Coombe Lane stretches of line. The railway platforms have been demolished and rebuilt to Tramlink specifications, except at Elmers End and Wimbledon where the track level was raised to meet the higher main-line platforms to enable [[cross-platform interchange]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} | ||
Stops are unstaffed and had automated ticket machines that are no longer in use due to TfL making trams cashless. In general, access between the platforms involves crossing the tracks by pedestrian level crossing.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} Stops also feature CCTV, a Passenger Help Point, a Passenger Information Display (PID), litter bins, a noticeboard and lamp-posts, and most also have seats and a shelter.<ref name=":33" /> The PIDs display the destinations and expected arrival times of the next | Stops are unstaffed and had automated ticket machines that are no longer in use due to TfL making trams cashless. In general, access between the platforms involves crossing the tracks by pedestrian level crossing.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} Stops also feature CCTV, a Passenger Help Point, a Passenger Information Display (PID), litter bins, a noticeboard and lamp-posts, and most also have seats and a shelter.<ref name=":33" /> The PIDs display the destinations and expected arrival times of the next three trams. They can also display any message the controllers want to display, such as information on delays or even safety instructions for vandals to stop putting rubbish or other objects onto the track.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} | ||
===Routes=== | ===Routes=== | ||
| Line 87: | Line 116: | ||
[[File:Tramlink-Tram2536-03.jpg|thumb|Tram 2536 in the second livery at [[Morden Road tram stop|Morden Road]], heading towards Wimbledon in 2006]] | [[File:Tramlink-Tram2536-03.jpg|thumb|Tram 2536 in the second livery at [[Morden Road tram stop|Morden Road]], heading towards Wimbledon in 2006]] | ||
[[File:Tram at Reeves Corner, Croydon - geograph.org.uk - 1238898.jpg|thumb|A tram leaving Croydon towards Wimbledon, going past [[Reeves Corner]] in 2009]] | [[File:Tram at Reeves Corner, Croydon - geograph.org.uk - 1238898.jpg|thumb|A tram leaving Croydon towards Wimbledon, going past [[Reeves Corner]] in 2009]] | ||
[[File:Au Morandarte Flickr Tramlink 2558 on Route 1, East Croydon (9756077682).jpg|thumb|Tram 2558 at [[ | [[File:Au Morandarte Flickr Tramlink 2558 on Route 1, East Croydon (9756077682).jpg|thumb|Tram 2558 at [[East Croydon]] in 2013]] | ||
Tramlink has been shown on the principal [[tube map]] since 1 June 2016, having previously appeared only on the [[Tube map#Official versions of the Tube map|"London Connections" map]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} | Tramlink has been shown on the principal [[tube map]] since 1 June 2016, having previously appeared only on the [[Tube map#Official versions of the Tube map|"London Connections" map]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} | ||
When Tramlink first opened it had three routes: Line 1 (yellow) from [[Wimbledon station|Wimbledon]] to [[Elmers End station|Elmers End]], Line 2 (red) from Croydon to [[ | When Tramlink first opened it had three routes: Line 1 (yellow) from [[Wimbledon station|Wimbledon]] to [[Elmers End station|Elmers End]], Line 2 (red) from Croydon to [[Beckenham Junction]], and Line 3 (green) from Croydon to [[New Addington tram stop|New Addington]].<ref name="Tramlink p 10">''Tramlink: Your top 10 questions answered…'' Poster, 1995.</ref> On 23 July 2006, the network was restructured, with Route 1 from Elmers End to Croydon, Route 2 from Beckenham Junction to Croydon and Route 3 from New Addington to Wimbledon. On 25 June 2012, Route 4 from Therapia Lane to Elmers End was introduced. On 4 April 2016, Route 4 was extended from Therapia Lane to Wimbledon.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Transport for London]] |title=Tram-endous boost for travellers |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/news-articles/tram-endous-boost-for-travellers|date=4 April 2016 |access-date=19 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513142204/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/news-articles/tram-endous-boost-for-travellers |archive-date=13 May 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
On 25 February 2018, the network and timetables were restructured again for more even and reliable services. As part of this change, trams would no longer display route numbers on their dot matrix destination screens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/trams/new-tram-service-pattern-and-timetable?intcmp=50562&home=banner |title= New tram service pattern & timetable |author= Transport for London |website= tfl.gov.uk |access-date= 9 May 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032231/https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/trams/new-tram-service-pattern-and-timetable?intcmp=50562&home=banner |archive-date= 26 February 2018 |language = en-GB}}</ref> This resulted in three routes: | On 25 February 2018, the network and timetables were restructured again for more even and reliable services. As part of this change, trams would no longer display route numbers on their dot matrix destination screens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/trams/new-tram-service-pattern-and-timetable?intcmp=50562&home=banner |title= New tram service pattern & timetable |author= Transport for London |website= tfl.gov.uk |access-date= 9 May 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032231/https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/trams/new-tram-service-pattern-and-timetable?intcmp=50562&home=banner |archive-date= 26 February 2018 |language = en-GB}}</ref> This resulted in three routes: | ||
| Line 115: | Line 144: | ||
* [[Sandilands tram stop|Sandilands]] | * [[Sandilands tram stop|Sandilands]] | ||
* [[Lebanon Road tram stop|Lebanon Road]] | * [[Lebanon Road tram stop|Lebanon Road]] | ||
* [[ | * [[East Croydon]] {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} <br />{{rail-interchange|air}} Trains to [[Gatwick Airport railway station|Gatwick]] and [[Luton Airport Parkway railway station|Luton]] | ||
* George Street | * George Street | ||
* [[Church Street tram stop|Church Street]] | * [[Church Street tram stop|Church Street]] | ||
| Line 121: | Line 150: | ||
* [[Waddon Marsh tram stop|Waddon Marsh]] ''(for [[Purley Way]] retail parks)'' | * [[Waddon Marsh tram stop|Waddon Marsh]] ''(for [[Purley Way]] retail parks)'' | ||
* [[Ampere Way tram stop|Ampere Way]] ''(for Valley Park retail park)'' | * [[Ampere Way tram stop|Ampere Way]] ''(for Valley Park retail park)'' | ||
* [[ | * [[Therapia Lane]] | ||
* [[Beddington Lane tram stop|Beddington Lane]] | * [[Beddington Lane tram stop|Beddington Lane]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Mitcham Junction]] {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} | ||
* [[Mitcham tram stop|Mitcham]] | * [[Mitcham tram stop|Mitcham]] | ||
* [[Belgrave Walk tram stop|Belgrave Walk]] | * [[Belgrave Walk tram stop|Belgrave Walk]] | ||
| Line 147: | Line 176: | ||
<!-- Beckenham Junction --> | <!-- Beckenham Junction --> | ||
|valign="top" | | |valign="top" | | ||
* ''Terminus:'' [[ | * ''Terminus:'' [[Beckenham Junction]] {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} | ||
* [[Beckenham Road tram stop|Beckenham Road]] | * [[Beckenham Road tram stop|Beckenham Road]] | ||
* [[Avenue Road tram stop|Avenue Road]] | * [[Avenue Road tram stop|Avenue Road]] | ||
* [[Birkbeck station|Birkbeck]] {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} | * [[Birkbeck station|Birkbeck]] {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} | ||
* [[ | * [[Harrington Road]] | ||
* [[Arena (Croydon) tram stop|Arena]] | * [[Arena (Croydon) tram stop|Arena]] | ||
* [[Woodside tram stop|Woodside]] | * [[Woodside tram stop|Woodside]] | ||
| Line 158: | Line 187: | ||
* [[Sandilands tram stop|Sandilands]] | * [[Sandilands tram stop|Sandilands]] | ||
* [[Lebanon Road tram stop|Lebanon Road]] | * [[Lebanon Road tram stop|Lebanon Road]] | ||
* [[ | * [[East Croydon]] {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} <br />{{rail-interchange|air}} Trains to [[Gatwick Airport railway station|Gatwick]] and [[Luton Airport Parkway railway station|Luton]] | ||
* George Street | * George Street | ||
* [[Church Street tram stop|Church Street]] | * [[Church Street tram stop|Church Street]] | ||
| Line 164: | Line 193: | ||
* [[Waddon Marsh tram stop|Waddon Marsh]] ''(for [[Purley Way]] retail parks)'' | * [[Waddon Marsh tram stop|Waddon Marsh]] ''(for [[Purley Way]] retail parks)'' | ||
* [[Ampere Way tram stop|Ampere Way]] ''(for Valley Park retail park)'' | * [[Ampere Way tram stop|Ampere Way]] ''(for Valley Park retail park)'' | ||
* [[ | * [[Therapia Lane]] | ||
* [[Beddington Lane tram stop|Beddington Lane]] | * [[Beddington Lane tram stop|Beddington Lane]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Mitcham Junction]] {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} | ||
* [[Mitcham tram stop|Mitcham]] | * [[Mitcham tram stop|Mitcham]] | ||
* [[Belgrave Walk tram stop|Belgrave Walk]] | * [[Belgrave Walk tram stop|Belgrave Walk]] | ||
| Line 197: | Line 226: | ||
* [[Sandilands tram stop|Sandilands]] | * [[Sandilands tram stop|Sandilands]] | ||
* [[Lebanon Road tram stop|Lebanon Road]] | * [[Lebanon Road tram stop|Lebanon Road]] | ||
* [[ | * [[East Croydon]] {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} <br />{{rail-interchange|air}} Trains to [[Gatwick Airport railway station|Gatwick]] and [[Luton Airport Parkway railway station|Luton]] | ||
* George Street | * George Street | ||
* [[Church Street tram stop|Church Street]] | * [[Church Street tram stop|Church Street]] | ||
| Line 209: | Line 238: | ||
===Former lines reused=== | ===Former lines reused=== | ||
[[File:028140 tramlink mitcham.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gauntlet track|Interlaced track]] near Mitcham]] | [[File:028140 tramlink mitcham.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gauntlet track|Interlaced track]] near Mitcham]] | ||
Tramlink makes use of a number of [[National Rail]] lines, running parallel to franchised services, or in some cases, runs on previously abandoned railway corridors. Between [[Birkbeck station|Birkbeck]] and [[ | Tramlink makes use of a number of [[National Rail]] lines, running parallel to franchised services, or in some cases, runs on previously abandoned railway corridors. Between [[Birkbeck station|Birkbeck]] and [[Beckenham Junction]], Tramlink uses the [[Crystal Palace line]], running on a single track alongside the track carrying [[Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway)|Southern]] rail services. The [[National Rail]] track had been singled some years earlier, although the track placement had to be altered, especially at Birkbeck where the railway platform in use was to be taken by the trams and the old down platform had to be brought back into use.<ref name=":0"> | ||
{{Cite web|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/croydon/ |title=Croydon Tramlink |access-date=16 December 2013 |publisher=railway-technology.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222173800/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/croydon/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | |||
From [[Elmers End railway station|Elmers End]] to [[Woodside railway station (London)|Woodside]], Tramlink follows the former [[Addiscombe Line]]. At Woodside, the old station buildings stand disused, and the original platforms have been replaced by accessible low platforms. Tramlink then follows the former [[Woodside and South Croydon Railway]] (W&SCR) to reach the current [[Addiscombe tram stop]], adjacent to the site of the demolished [[Bingham Road railway station]]. It continues along the former railway route to near Sandilands, where Tramlink curves sharply towards Sandilands tram stop. Another route from Sandilands tram stop curves sharply on to the W&SCR before passing through Park Hill (or Sandilands) tunnels and to the site of [[Coombe Road railway station|Coombe Road station]] after which it curves away across [[Lloyd Park (Croydon)|Lloyd Park]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} | From [[Elmers End railway station|Elmers End]] to [[Woodside railway station (London)|Woodside]], Tramlink follows the former [[Addiscombe Line]]. At Woodside, the old station buildings stand disused, and the original platforms have been replaced by accessible low platforms. Tramlink then follows the former [[Woodside and South Croydon Railway]] (W&SCR) to reach the current [[Addiscombe tram stop]], adjacent to the site of the demolished [[Bingham Road railway station]]. It continues along the former railway route to near Sandilands, where Tramlink curves sharply towards Sandilands tram stop. Another route from Sandilands tram stop curves sharply on to the W&SCR before passing through Park Hill (or Sandilands) tunnels and to the site of [[Coombe Road railway station|Coombe Road station]] after which it curves away across [[Lloyd Park (Croydon)|Lloyd Park]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} | ||
Between [[Wimbledon station]] and [[Wandle Park tram stop|Wandle Park]], Tramlink follows the former [[West Croydon to Wimbledon Line]], which was first opened in 1855 and closed on 31 May 1997 to allow for conversion into Tramlink.<ref>{{cite magazine |year=2002 |magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]] |volume=148 |page=51 |issn=0033-8923 |language = en-GB}}</ref> Within this section, from near Phipps Bridge to near Reeves Corner, Tramlink follows the [[Surrey Iron Railway]], giving Tramlink a claim to one of the world's oldest railway alignments. Beyond Wandle Park, a Victorian footbridge beside Waddon New Road was dismantled to make way for the flyover<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.transport-of-delight.com/Tramlink/Pages/TramsinAction/Flyover-1.htm |title=Flyover 1 |publisher=Transport-of-delight.com |access-date=9 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514094243/http://www.transport-of-delight.com/Tramlink/Pages/TramsinAction/Flyover-1.htm |archive-date=14 May 2011 |language = en-GB}}</ref> over the West Croydon to [[Sutton railway station (London)|Sutton]] railway line. The footbridge has been re-erected at [[ | Between [[Wimbledon station]] and [[Wandle Park tram stop|Wandle Park]], Tramlink follows the former [[West Croydon to Wimbledon Line]], which was first opened in 1855 and closed on 31 May 1997 to allow for conversion into Tramlink.<ref>{{cite magazine |year=2002 |magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]] |volume=148 |page=51 |issn=0033-8923 |language = en-GB}}</ref> Within this section, from near Phipps Bridge to near Reeves Corner, Tramlink follows the [[Surrey Iron Railway]], giving Tramlink a claim to one of the world's oldest railway alignments. Beyond Wandle Park, a Victorian footbridge beside Waddon New Road was dismantled to make way for the flyover<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.transport-of-delight.com/Tramlink/Pages/TramsinAction/Flyover-1.htm |title=Flyover 1 |publisher=Transport-of-delight.com |access-date=9 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514094243/http://www.transport-of-delight.com/Tramlink/Pages/TramsinAction/Flyover-1.htm |archive-date=14 May 2011 |language = en-GB}}</ref> over the West Croydon to [[Sutton railway station (London)|Sutton]] railway line. The footbridge has been re-erected at [[Corfe Castle station]] on the [[Swanage Railway]] (although some evidence suggests that this was a similar footbridge removed from the site of [[Merton Park railway station]]).<ref>{{cite web |last=Wright |first=Andrew |title=Prestigious national award plaque installed at Corfe Castle on 26th October 2008 |url=http://www.swanagerailway.co.uk/news482.htm |publisher=Swanage Railway |access-date=31 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927222352/http://www.swanagerailway.co.uk/news482.htm |archive-date=27 September 2011 |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Wright |first=Andrew |title=Ex-Strategic Rail Authority Chairman officially opens Corfe Castle's historic Victorian railway footbridge on 28th April 2007 |url=http://www.swanagerailway.co.uk/news363.htm |publisher=Swanage Railway |access-date=31 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927223311/http://www.swanagerailway.co.uk/news363.htm |archive-date=27 September 2011 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
===Onboard announcements=== | ===Onboard announcements=== | ||
| Line 287: | Line 314: | ||
{{main|Bombardier CR4000}} | {{main|Bombardier CR4000}} | ||
[[File:General Railway Pictures 2013 243.jpg|thumb|A Variobahn ''(right)'' and a CR4000 at [[Sandilands tram stop]] in July 2013]] | [[File:General Railway Pictures 2013 243.jpg|thumb|A Variobahn ''(right)'' and a CR4000 at [[Sandilands tram stop]] in July 2013]] | ||
The original fleet comprised 24 articulated [[low floor]] [[Bombardier Flexity Swift]] [[ | The original fleet comprised 24 articulated [[low floor]] [[Bombardier Flexity Swift]] [[CR4000]] trams built in [[Vienna]] numbered beginning at 2530, continuing from the highest-numbered tram 2529 on [[Trams in London|London's former tram network]], which closed in 1952.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = First Croydon Tram on Test |magazine = [[Today's Railways UK]] |issue = 36 |date = December 1998 |page = 57 |language = en-GB}}</ref> The original livery was red and white. One (2550) was painted in FirstGroup white, blue and pink livery. During 2006, the CR4000 fleet was refreshed, with the bus-style destination roller blinds being replaced with a digital [[dot-matrix display]]. Between 2008 and 2009 the fleet was repainted externally in the new green livery and the interiors were refurbished with new flooring, seat covers retrimmed in a new [[moquette]] and [[stanchions]] repainted from yellow to green.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = Croydon Tramlink opened for business |magazine = [[The Railway Magazine]] |issue = 1191 |date = July 2000 |page = 10 |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thisiscroydontoday.co.uk/news/Exclusive-End-era-Croydon-s-red-tram-turns-green/article-869210-detail/article.html |title=End of an era as Croydon's last red tram turns green |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007080528/http://www.thisiscroydontoday.co.uk/news/Exclusive-End-era-Croydon-s-red-tram-turns-green/article-869210-detail/article.html |archive-date=7 October 2010 |language = en-GB}}</ref> One (2551) has been permanently withdrawn having been significantly damaged in the [[2016 Croydon tram derailment]] on 9 November 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tramlink. Current Fleet Availability - a Freedom of Information request to Transport for London |url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/tramlink_current_fleet_availabil_2#incoming-2563736 |website=WhatDoTheyKnow |access-date=7 March 2024 |date=3 February 2024 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
In 2007, tram 2535 was named after Stephen Parascandolo,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Croydon Tramlink - The Unofficial Site |url=https://www.croydon-tramlink.co.uk/index.shtml |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=croydon-tramlink.co.uk |language = en-GB}}</ref> a well known tram enthusiast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2535 Stephen Parascandolo naming ceremony |url=https://www.thetrams.co.uk/croydon/sjp/ |language = en-GB}}</ref> | In 2007, tram 2535 was named after Stephen Parascandolo,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Croydon Tramlink - The Unofficial Site |url=https://www.croydon-tramlink.co.uk/index.shtml |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=croydon-tramlink.co.uk |language = en-GB}}</ref> a well known tram enthusiast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2535 Stephen Parascandolo naming ceremony |url=https://www.thetrams.co.uk/croydon/sjp/ |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
| Line 293: | Line 320: | ||
====Croydon Variobahn==== | ====Croydon Variobahn==== | ||
{{main|Stadler Variobahn}} | {{main|Stadler Variobahn}} | ||
In January 2011, Tramtrack Croydon invited tenders for the supply of then new or second-hand trams,<ref name=rgltsbfat/> and on 18 August 2011, TfL announced that [[Stadler Rail]] had won a £16.3{{nbsp}}million contract to supply six [[ | In January 2011, Tramtrack Croydon invited tenders for the supply of then new or second-hand trams,<ref name=rgltsbfat/> and on 18 August 2011, TfL announced that [[Stadler Rail]] had won a £16.3{{nbsp}}million contract to supply six [[Variobahn]] trams similar to those used by [[Bybanen]] in [[Bergen]], Norway.<ref name=rgi20110818/> They entered service during 2012.<ref name=RailwayGazette21Aug13/> In August 2013, TfL ordered an additional four Variobahn trams for delivery in 2015, an order that was later increased to six. This brought the total Variobahn fleet up to ten in 2015,<ref name=RailwayGazette21Aug13/><ref name=TfLWimbledonNewTrams/> and 12 in 2016 when the final two trams were delivered.<ref name=BTO/> | ||
===Ancillary vehicles=== | ===Ancillary vehicles=== | ||
| Line 303: | Line 330: | ||
In the 2020s, TfL began work to replace the CR4000 tram fleet, which are approaching their end of its life and becoming increasingly unreliable.<ref>{{Cite web |last=insidecroydon |date=2023-02-25 |title=TfL needs to find £50m to replace Croydon's oldest trams |url=https://insidecroydon.com/2023/02/25/tfl-needs-to-find-50m-to-replace-croydons-oldest-trams/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Inside Croydon |language=en-US}}</ref> In June 2023, one-fifth of the CR4000 fleet was temporarily withdrawn due to issues with their wheels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=insidecroydon |date=2023-06-08 |title=20% of Croydon's tram fleet suffered damage to their wheels |url=https://insidecroydon.com/2023/06/08/20-of-croydons-tram-fleet-suffered-damage-to-their-wheels/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Inside Croydon |language=en-US}}</ref> | In the 2020s, TfL began work to replace the CR4000 tram fleet, which are approaching their end of its life and becoming increasingly unreliable.<ref>{{Cite web |last=insidecroydon |date=2023-02-25 |title=TfL needs to find £50m to replace Croydon's oldest trams |url=https://insidecroydon.com/2023/02/25/tfl-needs-to-find-50m-to-replace-croydons-oldest-trams/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Inside Croydon |language=en-US}}</ref> In June 2023, one-fifth of the CR4000 fleet was temporarily withdrawn due to issues with their wheels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=insidecroydon |date=2023-06-08 |title=20% of Croydon's tram fleet suffered damage to their wheels |url=https://insidecroydon.com/2023/06/08/20-of-croydons-tram-fleet-suffered-damage-to-their-wheels/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Inside Croydon |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
In January 2024, Tramtrack Croydon invited tenders for a base order of 24 new trams with an option for 16 more and a 30-year technical support contract, costed at £385{{nbsp}}million.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=insidecroydon |date=2023-12-23 |title='Difficult decisions' as TfL gives green light for new tram fleet |url=https://insidecroydon.com/2023/12/23/difficult-decisions-as-tfl-gives-green-light-for-new-tram-fleet/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Inside Croydon |language=en-US}}</ref> In September 2024, TfL announced that four manufacturers ([[Alstom]], [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles]], [[Hitachi Rail STS|Hitachi Rail]] and [[ | In January 2024, Tramtrack Croydon invited tenders for a base order of 24 new trams with an option for 16 more and a 30-year technical support contract, costed at £385{{nbsp}}million.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=insidecroydon |date=2023-12-23 |title='Difficult decisions' as TfL gives green light for new tram fleet |url=https://insidecroydon.com/2023/12/23/difficult-decisions-as-tfl-gives-green-light-for-new-tram-fleet/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Inside Croydon |language=en-US}}</ref> In September 2024, TfL announced that four manufacturers ([[Alstom]], [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles]], [[Hitachi Rail STS|Hitachi Rail]] and [[Stadler Rail Valencia]]) had been invited to place bids.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 Sep 2024 |title=London Trams invites manufacturers to bid to design and build new fleet of trams |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2024/september/london-trams-invites-manufacturers-to-bid-to-design-and-build-new-fleet-of-trams |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=Transport for London |language=en-GB}}</ref> The new fleet is intended to replace the CR4000 trams, which are reaching the end of their design life.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
==Fares and ticketing== | ==Fares and ticketing== | ||
| Line 338: | Line 365: | ||
! 2021 | ! 2021 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Passenger revenue{{efn|As defined in the [[ | | Passenger revenue{{efn|As defined in the [[DfT]] Light Rail and Tram Survey (Table LRT0301a)<ref name="LRT"/>}} ([[Pound sterling|£]]M) | ||
| align=center|23.5 | | align=center|23.5 | ||
| align=center|24.4 | | align=center|24.4 | ||
| Line 348: | Line 375: | ||
| align=center|11.5 | | align=center|11.5 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 'Profit' ("Financial assistance given"){{efn|Financial assistance given to Tramtrack Croydon Ltd, as defined in [[ | | 'Profit' ("Financial assistance given"){{efn|Financial assistance given to Tramtrack Croydon Ltd, as defined in [[TfL]]'s Annual Report and Statement of Accounts}} (£M) | ||
| | | | ||
| align=center| {{color|red|−32.2}} | | align=center| {{color|red|−32.2}} | ||
| Line 358: | Line 385: | ||
| align=center| {{color|red|−37.6}} | | align=center| {{color|red|−37.6}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Number of passengers{{efn|Number of passenger journeys, as defined in [[ | | Number of passengers{{efn|Number of passenger journeys, as defined in [[TfL]]'s Quarterly performance reports}} (M) | ||
| align=center| 31.2 | | align=center| 31.2 | ||
| align=center| 30.7 | | align=center| 30.7 | ||
| Line 401: | Line 428: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Activities in the financial year 2020/21 were severely reduced by the impact of the [[ | Activities in the financial year 2020/21 were severely reduced by the impact of the [[coronavirus pandemic]]. | ||
===Passenger numbers=== | ===Passenger numbers=== | ||
Detailed passenger journeys since Tramlink commenced operations in May 2000 were: | Detailed passenger journeys since Tramlink commenced operations in May 2000 were: | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Estimated passenger journeys made on Tramlink per financial year | |+ Estimated passenger journeys (millions) made on Tramlink per financial year | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Year | ! Year | ||
| Line 418: | Line 445: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2000{{ndash}}01 | ! 2000{{ndash}}01 | ||
| 15. | | 15.0 | ||
! 2007{{ndash}}08 | ! 2007{{ndash}}08 | ||
| | 27. | | | 27.2 | ||
! 2014{{ndash}}15 | ! 2014{{ndash}}15 | ||
| | 30. | | | 30.7 | ||
!2021-22 | !2021-22 | ||
|19. | |19.1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2001{{ndash}}02 | ! 2001{{ndash}}02 | ||
| 18. | | 18.2 | ||
! 2008{{ndash}}09 | ! 2008{{ndash}}09 | ||
|27. | |27.2 | ||
! 2015{{ndash}}16 | ! 2015{{ndash}}16 | ||
| 27. | | 27.0 | ||
!2022-23 | !2022-23 | ||
|20. | |20.9 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2002{{ndash}}03 | ! 2002{{ndash}}03 | ||
| 18. | | 18.7 | ||
! 2009{{ndash}}10 | ! 2009{{ndash}}10 | ||
| 25. | | 25.8 | ||
! 2016{{ndash}}17 | ! 2016{{ndash}}17 | ||
| 29. | | 29.5 | ||
!2023-24 | !2023-24 | ||
| 20. | | 20.0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2003{{ndash}}04 | ! 2003{{ndash}}04 | ||
| 19. | | 19.8 | ||
! 2010{{ndash}}11 | ! 2010{{ndash}}11 | ||
| 27. | | 27.9 | ||
! 2017{{ndash}}18 | ! 2017{{ndash}}18 | ||
| 29. | | 29.1 | ||
! | ! 2024{{ndash}}25 | ||
| | | 17.2 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2004{{ndash}}05 | ! 2004{{ndash}}05 | ||
| 22. | | 22.0 | ||
! 2011{{ndash}}12 | ! 2011{{ndash}}12 | ||
| 28. | | 28.6 | ||
! 2018{{ndash}}19 | ! 2018{{ndash}}19 | ||
| 28. | | 28.7 | ||
! | ! | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2005{{ndash}}06 | ! 2005{{ndash}}06 | ||
| 22. | | 22.5 | ||
! 2012{{ndash}}13 | ! 2012{{ndash}}13 | ||
| 30. | | 30.1 | ||
! 2019{{ndash}}20 | ! 2019{{ndash}}20 | ||
| 27. | | 27.2 | ||
! | ! | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2006{{ndash}}07 | ! 2006{{ndash}}07 | ||
| 24. | | 24.6 | ||
! 2013{{ndash}}14 | ! 2013{{ndash}}14 | ||
| 31. | | 31.2 | ||
! 2020{{ndash}}21 | ! 2020{{ndash}}21 | ||
|11. | |11.6 | ||
! | ! | ||
| | | | ||
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During 2002, as part of The Mayor's Transport Strategy for London, a number of proposed extensions were identified, including to Sutton from Wimbledon or Mitcham; to Crystal Palace; to Colliers Wood/Tooting; and along the A23. The Strategy said that "extensions to the network could, in principle, be developed at relatively modest cost where there is potential demand..."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/transport/pdf/final_ch04d.pdf |title = London Dockland and Croydon Tramlink Extensions |archive-url = http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090713203635/http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/transport/pdf/final_ch04d.pdf |archive-date=13 July 2009 |language = en-GB}}</ref> and sought initial views on the viability of a number of extensions by summer 2002. | During 2002, as part of The Mayor's Transport Strategy for London, a number of proposed extensions were identified, including to Sutton from Wimbledon or Mitcham; to Crystal Palace; to Colliers Wood/Tooting; and along the A23. The Strategy said that "extensions to the network could, in principle, be developed at relatively modest cost where there is potential demand..."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/transport/pdf/final_ch04d.pdf |title = London Dockland and Croydon Tramlink Extensions |archive-url = http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090713203635/http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/transport/pdf/final_ch04d.pdf |archive-date=13 July 2009 |language = en-GB}}</ref> and sought initial views on the viability of a number of extensions by summer 2002. | ||
In 2006, in a TfL consultation on an extension to Crystal Palace, three options were presented: on-street, off-street and a mixture of the two.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/trams/pdf/Crystal-Palace-2006-10-19.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105071901/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/trams/pdf/Crystal-Palace-2006-10-19.pdf |archive-date=5 January 2007 |url-status=live |title=Crystal Palace extension options to reach the Parade |website=tfl.gov.uk |access-date=9 May 2018 |language = en-GB}}</ref> After the consultation, the off-street option was favoured, to include [[ | In 2006, in a TfL consultation on an extension to Crystal Palace, three options were presented: on-street, off-street and a mixture of the two.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/trams/pdf/Crystal-Palace-2006-10-19.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105071901/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/trams/pdf/Crystal-Palace-2006-10-19.pdf |archive-date=5 January 2007 |url-status=live |title=Crystal Palace extension options to reach the Parade |website=tfl.gov.uk |access-date=9 May 2018 |language = en-GB}}</ref> After the consultation, the off-street option was favoured, to include [[Crystal Palace Station]] and Crystal Palace Parade.<ref name=LambethCouncil>{{cite web |title=Croydon Tramlink extension to Crystal Palace |url=http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/Services/TransportStreets/PublicTransportTaxis/PublicTransportConsultation/ExtendingTramlinkToCrystalPalace.htm |work=Lambeth Council Website |publisher=Lambeth Council |access-date=19 August 2013 |language = en-GB}}</ref> TfL stated in 2008 that due to lack of funding the plans for this extension would not be taken forward.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/2055.aspx |title = Tramlink extension to Crystal Palace |publisher = Transport for London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202065640/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/2055.aspx |archive-date=2 December 2008 |language = en-GB}}</ref> They were revived shortly after Boris Johnson's re-election as Mayor in May 2012, but six months later they were cancelled again.<ref name=CroydonAdvertiser>{{cite news |last=Austen |first=Ian |title=Crystal Palace Tramlink extension not backed by Boris Johnson despite manifesto |url=http://www.thisiscroydontoday.co.uk/Crystal-Palace-Tramlink-extension-backed-Boris/story-17523965-detail/story.html#axzz2cR2ARIFZ |access-date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=Croydon Advertiser |date=7 December 2012 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
During November 2014, a 15-year plan, Trams 2030, called for upgrades to increase capacity on the network in line with an expected increase in ridership to 60{{nbsp}}million passengers by 2031<ref name="content.tfl.gov.uk">{{cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/rup-20141113-part-1-item09-trams-update.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 July 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019202726/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/rup-20141113-part-1-item09-trams-update.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> (although the passenger numbers at the time (2013/14: 31.2 million) have not been exceeded since (as at 2019)). | During November 2014, a 15-year plan, Trams 2030, called for upgrades to increase capacity on the network in line with an expected increase in ridership to 60{{nbsp}}million passengers by 2031<ref name="content.tfl.gov.uk">{{cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/rup-20141113-part-1-item09-trams-update.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 July 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019202726/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/rup-20141113-part-1-item09-trams-update.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> (although the passenger numbers at the time (2013/14: 31.2{{nbsp}}million) have not been exceeded since (as at 2019)). | ||
The upgrades were to improve reliability, support regeneration in the Croydon metropolitan centre, and future-proof the network for [[Crossrail 2]], a potential [[Bakerloo line extension]], and extensions to the tram network itself to a wide variety of destinations. The plans involve dual-tracking across the network and introducing diverting loops on either side of Croydon, allowing for a higher frequency of trams on all four branches without increasing congestion in central Croydon. The £737{{nbsp}}million investment was to be funded by the Croydon Growth Zone, TfL Business Plan, housing levies, and the respective boroughs, and by the affected developers.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/trams-for-growth-presentation.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220132721/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/trams-for-growth-presentation.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | The upgrades were to improve reliability, support regeneration in the Croydon metropolitan centre, and future-proof the network for [[Crossrail 2]], a potential [[Bakerloo line extension]], and extensions to the tram network itself to a wide variety of destinations. The plans involve dual-tracking across the network and introducing diverting loops on either side of Croydon, allowing for a higher frequency of trams on all four branches without increasing congestion in central Croydon. The £737{{nbsp}}million investment was to be funded by the Croydon Growth Zone, TfL Business Plan, housing levies, and the respective boroughs, and by the affected developers.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/trams-for-growth-presentation.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220132721/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/trams-for-growth-presentation.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
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{{main|Sutton Link}} | {{main|Sutton Link}} | ||
During July 2013, then Mayor Boris Johnson had affirmed that there was a reasonable business case for Tramlink to cover the Wimbledon – Sutton corridor, which might also include a loop via [[St Helier Hospital]] and an extension to [[Royal Marsden Hospital#Sutton site|The Royal Marsden Hospital]].<ref>{{cite web |date=18 July 2013 |title=Boris tells City Hall there is 'reasonable business case' for extending tram route to Sutton |url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/10557415.Boris_tells_City_Hall_there_is__reasonable_business_case__for_extending_tram_route_to_Sutton/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120504/http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/10557415.Boris_tells_City_Hall_there_is__reasonable_business_case__for_extending_tram_route_to_Sutton/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=9 May 2018 |work=Your Local Guardian |language = en-GB}}</ref> In 2014, a proposed £320M scheme for a new line to connect Wimbledon to Sutton via Morden was made and brought to consultation jointly by the London Boroughs of Merton and Sutton. Although £100M from TfL was initially secured in the draft 2016/17 budget,<ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2016 |title=TfL commits £100m to extending tram network from Wimbledon to Sutton |url=http://www.suttonguardian.co.uk/news/14345323.TfL_commits___100m_to_extending_tram_network_from_Wimbledon_to_Sutton/ |work=Sutton Guardian |language = en-GB}}</ref> this was subsequently reallocated.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 December 2016 |title=Why Croydon's tram network may now not be extended to Sutton |url=http://www.croydonadvertiser.co.uk/100million-tram-link-between-croydon-and-sutton-in-doubt-as-mayor-of-london-shelves-funding/story-29969181-detail/story.html |language = en-GB}}</ref> | During July 2013, then Mayor Boris Johnson had affirmed that there was a reasonable business case for Tramlink to cover the Wimbledon – Sutton corridor, which might also include a loop via [[St Helier Hospital]] and an extension to [[Royal Marsden Hospital#Sutton site|The Royal Marsden Hospital]].<ref>{{cite web |date=18 July 2013 |title=Boris tells City Hall there is 'reasonable business case' for extending tram route to Sutton |url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/10557415.Boris_tells_City_Hall_there_is__reasonable_business_case__for_extending_tram_route_to_Sutton/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120504/http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/10557415.Boris_tells_City_Hall_there_is__reasonable_business_case__for_extending_tram_route_to_Sutton/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=9 May 2018 |work=Your Local Guardian |language = en-GB}}</ref> In 2014, a proposed £320M scheme for a new line to connect Wimbledon to Sutton via Morden was made and brought to consultation jointly by the London Boroughs of Merton and Sutton. Although £100M from TfL was initially secured in the draft 2016/17 budget,<ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2016 |title=TfL commits £100m to extending tram network from Wimbledon to Sutton |url=http://www.suttonguardian.co.uk/news/14345323.TfL_commits___100m_to_extending_tram_network_from_Wimbledon_to_Sutton/ |work=Sutton Guardian |language = en-GB}}</ref> this was subsequently reallocated.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 December 2016 |title=Why Croydon's tram network may now not be extended to Sutton |work=Croydon Advertiser |url=http://www.croydonadvertiser.co.uk/100million-tram-link-between-croydon-and-sutton-in-doubt-as-mayor-of-london-shelves-funding/story-29969181-detail/story.html |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
In 2018, TfL opened a consultation on proposals for a connection to Sutton,<ref name="consultations.tfl.gov.uk">{{cite web |year=2020 |title=Have your say on the Sutton link |url=https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/trams/sutton-link/ |publisher=Transport for London}}</ref> with three route options: from [[South Wimbledon tube station|South Wimbledon]], from [[Colliers Wood tube station|Colliers Wood]] (both having an option of a [[bus rapid transit]] route or a tram line) or from [[Wimbledon station|Wimbledon]] (only as a tram line). During February 2020, following the consultation, TfL announced their preference for a north–south tramway between Colliers Wood and Sutton town centre, with a projected cost of £425M, on the condition of securing additional funding. Work on the project stopped in July 2020, as Transport for London could not find sufficient funding for it to continue.<ref name="consultations.tfl.gov.uk" /> | In 2018, TfL opened a consultation on proposals for a connection to Sutton,<ref name="consultations.tfl.gov.uk">{{cite web |year=2020 |title=Have your say on the Sutton link |url=https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/trams/sutton-link/ |publisher=Transport for London}}</ref> with three route options: from [[South Wimbledon tube station|South Wimbledon]], from [[Colliers Wood tube station|Colliers Wood]] (both having an option of a [[bus rapid transit]] route or a tram line) or from [[Wimbledon station|Wimbledon]] (only as a tram line). During February 2020, following the consultation, TfL announced their preference for a north–south tramway between Colliers Wood and Sutton town centre, with a projected cost of £425M, on the condition of securing additional funding. Work on the project stopped in July 2020, as Transport for London could not find sufficient funding for it to continue.<ref name="consultations.tfl.gov.uk" /> | ||
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On 24 July 2020, the project was temporarily put on hold due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. TfL said they were pausing development work on the scheme "as the transport case is poor and there remains a significant funding gap". [[Andy Byford]], [[Commissioner of Transport for London|London's Transport Commissioner]], said that this involves making 'difficult choices' about which projects can be funded.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mylondon.news/news/south-london-news/long-awaited-tram-extension-sutton-18658837 |title=Long-awaited tram extension to Sutton has been put on hold by Transport for London |website=mylondon.news |date=24 July 2020 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | On 24 July 2020, the project was temporarily put on hold due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. TfL said they were pausing development work on the scheme "as the transport case is poor and there remains a significant funding gap". [[Andy Byford]], [[Commissioner of Transport for London|London's Transport Commissioner]], said that this involves making 'difficult choices' about which projects can be funded.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mylondon.news/news/south-london-news/long-awaited-tram-extension-sutton-18658837 |title=Long-awaited tram extension to Sutton has been put on hold by Transport for London |website=mylondon.news |date=24 July 2020 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
During 2023, [[Sutton London Borough Council|Sutton's council]] leader Ruth Dombey advocated for the project and urged TfL and the [[Mayor of London|mayor's office]] to provide fair and adequate funding, especially in light of the [[ | During 2023, [[Sutton London Borough Council|Sutton's council]] leader Ruth Dombey advocated for the project and urged TfL and the [[Mayor of London|mayor's office]] to provide fair and adequate funding, especially in light of the [[ULEZ]] charge. However, London Mayor [[Sadiq Khan]] dismissed the project as inadequate and pointed out the £440M funding shortfall.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEExZL1RgKs&t=7s |title=Budget 2023 - What happened to the Tramlink Sutton Extension? |via=YouTube |date=15 March 2023 |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/23820200.tfl-says-can-no-longer-fund-sutton-tram-extension/ |title = TfL says it can no longer fund Sutton tram extension |website = yourlocalguardian.co.uk |first = Harrison |last = Galliven |date = 29 September 2023 |language = en-GB}}</ref> London Mayor Sadiq Khan faced criticism from Sutton MP [[Paul Scully]] on 21 April 2023, for the delayed Sutton tram extension project and implementing the [[Ultra Low Emission Zone]] charge without sufficient public transport alternatives, while defending the delay citing a £440M funding gap.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vickers |first=Noah |date=2023-04-21 |title=Minister criticises Sadiq Khan as Sutton tram extension still shelved |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/sadiq-khan-paul-scully-sutton-tram-ulez-b1075634.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119174547/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/sadiq-khan-paul-scully-sutton-tram-ulez-b1075634.html |archive-date=2024-01-19 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref> In December 2023, TfL stated that further progress will depend on funding agreements with other stakeholders such as local councils, the [[Department for Transport]], as well as [[Government of the United Kingdom|Government]], and that the Sutton Link is currently the only extension being considered.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Rival proposals included new bus routes.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.mylondon.news/news/transport/croydon-tram-extension-sutton-buses-28621816 |title = Case for Croydon tram extension to Sutton considered 'weak' so new London bus routes are coming instead |website = mylondon.news |first = Adam |last = Toms |date = 14 February 2024 |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
==Accidents and incidents== | ==Accidents and incidents== | ||
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* On 17 February 2012, a tram derailed after passing over facing points as it approached the platform at [[East Croydon station]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2014 |title=Report 04/2013: Derailment of a tram at East Croydon |url=https://www.gov.uk/raib-reports/derailment-of-a-tram-at-east-croydon |access-date=13 November 2021 |publisher=Rail Accident Investigation Branch |language = en-GB}}</ref> | * On 17 February 2012, a tram derailed after passing over facing points as it approached the platform at [[East Croydon station]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2014 |title=Report 04/2013: Derailment of a tram at East Croydon |url=https://www.gov.uk/raib-reports/derailment-of-a-tram-at-east-croydon |access-date=13 November 2021 |publisher=Rail Accident Investigation Branch |language = en-GB}}</ref> | ||
* On 7 February 2016, five people were injured when a car collided with tram 2535, which was going round a bend near Wellesley Road. It resulted in the tram being derailed.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/five-hurt-as-tram-thrown-15ft-off-its-tracks-in-crash-in-croydon-a3175536.html | title=Five hurt as tram thrown 15ft off its tracks in crash with car in Croydon | date=8 February 2016 | accessdate=8 February 2016}}</ref> | * On 7 February 2016, five people were injured when a car collided with tram 2535, which was going round a bend near Wellesley Road. It resulted in the tram being derailed.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/five-hurt-as-tram-thrown-15ft-off-its-tracks-in-crash-in-croydon-a3175536.html | title=Five hurt as tram thrown 15ft off its tracks in crash with car in Croydon | date=8 February 2016 | accessdate=8 February 2016}}</ref> | ||
* On 9 November 2016, [[2016 Croydon tram derailment|tram 2551 derailed on a sharp curved junction]] {{convert|180|m|ft}} east from the [[Sandilands tram stop]], killing seven people and injuring at least 50 more.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-37919658 |title=Croydon tram: Five dead and 50 injured after derailment |date=9 November 2016 |access-date=9 November 2016 |publisher=[[BBC London]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109142908/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-37919658 |archive-date=9 November 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> The [[British Transport Police]] arrested the driver on suspicion of [[manslaughter]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://media.btp.police.uk/r/13403/updated_statement_on_tram_derailment_-_croydon |title=BTP {{!}} Updated statement on tram derailment - Croydon |website=media.btp.police.uk |publisher=[[British Transport Police]] |access-date=9 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110043951/http://media.btp.police.uk/r/13403/updated_statement_on_tram_derailment_-_croydon |archive-date=10 November 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> Driver error was found to be the cause of the accident, with suspicions that the driver had a [[microsleep]] episode approaching the bend. The driver was charged under the [[Health and Safety at Work Act 1974]], but was acquitted by a jury following a trial at the [[Old Bailey]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foster |first1=Aurelia |title=Croydon tram crash: Driver not guilty over fatal derailment |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-65949347 |website=BBC News |access-date=14 September 2024 |date=19 June 2023}}</ref> | * On 9 November 2016, [[2016 Croydon tram derailment|tram 2551 derailed on a sharp curved junction]] {{convert|180|m|ft}} east from the [[Sandilands tram stop]], killing seven people and injuring at least 50 more.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-37919658 |title=Croydon tram: Five dead and 50 injured after derailment |date=9 November 2016 |access-date=9 November 2016 |publisher=[[BBC London]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109142908/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-37919658 |archive-date=9 November 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> The [[British Transport Police]] arrested the driver on suspicion of [[manslaughter]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://media.btp.police.uk/r/13403/updated_statement_on_tram_derailment_-_croydon |title=BTP {{!}} Updated statement on tram derailment - Croydon |website=media.btp.police.uk |publisher=[[British Transport Police]] |access-date=9 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110043951/http://media.btp.police.uk/r/13403/updated_statement_on_tram_derailment_-_croydon |archive-date=10 November 2016 |language = en-GB}}</ref> Driver error was found to be the cause of the accident, with suspicions that the driver had a [[microsleep]] episode approaching the bend. The driver was charged under the [[Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974]], but was acquitted by a jury following a trial at the [[Old Bailey]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foster |first1=Aurelia |title=Croydon tram crash: Driver not guilty over fatal derailment |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-65949347 |website=BBC News |access-date=14 September 2024 |date=19 June 2023}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||