Creaky voice: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Type of phonation}}{{Infobox IPA | {{Short description|Type of phonation}} | ||
{{redirect-distinguish|Laryngealization|Laryngeal consonant|Pharyngealization}} | |||
{{Infobox IPA | |||
| above = Creaky voice | | above = Creaky voice | ||
| ipa symbol = ◌̰ | | ipa symbol = ◌̰ | ||
| decimal=816 | | decimal=816 | ||
| imagefile = IPA Unicode 0x0330.svg | |||
}} | }} | ||
In [[linguistics]], '''creaky voice''' (sometimes called '''laryngealisation''', '''pulse phonation''', '''[[vocal fry register|vocal fry]]''', or '''glottal fry''') refers to a low, scratchy sound that occupies the vocal range below the common vocal register. It is a special kind of [[phonation]]<ref>{{cite journal | author = Titze, I. R. | year = 2008 | title = The Human Instrument | journal = [[Scientific American]] | volume = 298 | issue = 1 | pages = 94–101 | pmid = 18225701 | doi = 10.1038/scientificamerican0108-94 | bibcode = 2008SciAm.298a..94T }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author = Titze, I. R. | year = 1994 | title = Principles of Voice Production | publisher = Prentice Hall | isbn = 978-0-13-717893-3 }}</ref> in which the [[arytenoid cartilage]]s in the [[larynx]] are drawn together; as a result, the [[vocal folds]] are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact. They normally vibrate irregularly at 20–50 pulses per second, about two octaves below the frequency of [[Modal voice|modal voicing]], and the airflow through the [[glottis]] is very slow. Although creaky voice may occur with very low [[Pitch (music)|pitch]], as at the end of a long [[intonation unit]], it can also occur with a higher pitch.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kuang |first=Jianjing |date=2017-09-01 |title=Covariation between voice quality and pitch: Revisiting the case of Mandarin creaky voice |journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |volume=142 |issue=3 |pages=1693–1706 |doi=10.1121/1.5003649 |pmid=28964062 |bibcode=2017ASAJ..142.1693K |issn=0001-4966|doi-access=free }}</ref> All contribute to make a speaker's voice sound creaky or raspy. | In [[linguistics]], '''creaky voice''' (sometimes called '''laryngealisation''', '''pulse phonation''', '''[[vocal fry register|vocal fry]]''', or '''glottal fry''') refers to a low, scratchy sound that occupies the vocal range below the common vocal register. It is a special kind of [[phonation]]<ref>{{cite journal | author = Titze, I. R. | year = 2008 | title = The Human Instrument | journal = [[Scientific American]] | volume = 298 | issue = 1 | pages = 94–101 | pmid = 18225701 | doi = 10.1038/scientificamerican0108-94 | bibcode = 2008SciAm.298a..94T }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author = Titze, I. R. | year = 1994 | title = Principles of Voice Production | publisher = Prentice Hall | isbn = 978-0-13-717893-3 }}</ref> in which the [[arytenoid cartilage]]s in the [[larynx]] are drawn together; as a result, the [[vocal folds]] are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact. They normally vibrate irregularly at 20–50 pulses per second, about two octaves below the frequency of [[Modal voice|modal voicing]], and the airflow through the [[glottis]] is very slow. Although creaky voice may occur with very low [[Pitch (music)|pitch]], as at the end of a long [[intonation unit]], it can also occur with a higher pitch.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kuang |first=Jianjing |date=2017-09-01 |title=Covariation between voice quality and pitch: Revisiting the case of Mandarin creaky voice |journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |volume=142 |issue=3 |pages=1693–1706 |doi=10.1121/1.5003649 |pmid=28964062 |bibcode=2017ASAJ..142.1693K |issn=0001-4966|doi-access=free }}</ref> All contribute to make a speaker's voice sound creaky or raspy. | ||
[[File:Vocal-Fry-May-Undermine-the-Success-of-Young-Women-in-the-Labor-Market-pone.0097506.s005.oga|thumb|Short demonstration of vocal fry/creaky voice]] | [[File:Vocal-Fry-May-Undermine-the-Success-of-Young-Women-in-the-Labor-Market-pone.0097506.s005.oga|thumb|Short demonstration of vocal fry/creaky voice]] | ||
[[File:Creaky-voiced glottal approximant.wav|thumb|The [[creaky voiced glottal approximant]] | [[File:Creaky-voiced glottal approximant.wav|thumb|The [[creaky voiced glottal approximant]] is one of the consonants featuring creaky voice.]] | ||
==In phonology== | ==In phonology== | ||
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Use of creaky voice across general speech and in singing is termed "vocal fry". | Use of creaky voice across general speech and in singing is termed "vocal fry". | ||
Some evidence exists of vocal fry becoming more common in the speech of young female speakers of American English in the early 21st century,<ref name=Yuasa/> with researcher Ikuko Patricia Yuasa finding that college-age Americans perceived female creaky voice as "hesitant, nonaggressive, and informal but also educated, urban-oriented, and upwardly mobile."<ref name=Yuasa>{{cite journal | author = Yuasa, I. P. | title = Creaky Voice: A New Feminine Voice Quality for Young Urban-Oriented Upwardly Mobile American Women? | journal = American Speech | year = 2010 | volume = 85 | issue = 3 | pages = 315–337 | doi = 10.1215/00031283-2010-018 | Some evidence exists of vocal fry becoming more common in the speech of young female speakers of American English in the early 21st century,<ref name=Yuasa/> with researcher Ikuko Patricia Yuasa finding that college-age Americans perceived female creaky voice as "hesitant, nonaggressive, and informal but also educated, urban-oriented, and upwardly mobile."<ref name=Yuasa>{{cite journal | author = Yuasa, I. P. | title = Creaky Voice: A New Feminine Voice Quality for Young Urban-Oriented Upwardly Mobile American Women? | journal = American Speech | year = 2010 | volume = 85 | issue = 3 | pages = 315–337 | doi = 10.1215/00031283-2010-018 }}</ref> Yuasa further theorizes that because California is at the center of much of the entertainment industry, young Americans may unconsciously be using creaky voice more because of the media they consume.<ref name=Yuasa/> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 04:29, 16 February 2026
Template:Infobox IPA In linguistics, creaky voice (sometimes called laryngealisation, pulse phonation, vocal fry, or glottal fry) refers to a low, scratchy sound that occupies the vocal range below the common vocal register. It is a special kind of phonation[1][2] in which the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are drawn together; as a result, the vocal folds are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact. They normally vibrate irregularly at 20–50 pulses per second, about two octaves below the frequency of modal voicing, and the airflow through the glottis is very slow. Although creaky voice may occur with very low pitch, as at the end of a long intonation unit, it can also occur with a higher pitch.[3] All contribute to make a speaker's voice sound creaky or raspy.
In phonology
In the Received Pronunciation of English, creaky voice has been described as a possible realisation of glottal reinforcement. For example, an alternative phonetic transcription of attempt [əˈtʰemʔt] could be [əˈtʰem͡m̰t].[4]
In some languages, such as Jalapa Mazatec, creaky voice has a phonemic status; that is, the presence or absence of creaky voice can change the meaning of a word.[5] In the International Phonetic Alphabet, creaky voice of a phone is represented by a diacritical tilde U+0330 ◌̰ COMBINING TILDE BELOW, for example [d̰]. The Danish prosodic feature stød is an example of a form of laryngealisation that has a phonemic function.[6] A slight degree of laryngealisation, occurring in some Korean language consonants for example, is called "stiff voice".[7]
Social aspects
Use of creaky voice across general speech and in singing is termed "vocal fry".
Some evidence exists of vocal fry becoming more common in the speech of young female speakers of American English in the early 21st century,[8] with researcher Ikuko Patricia Yuasa finding that college-age Americans perceived female creaky voice as "hesitant, nonaggressive, and informal but also educated, urban-oriented, and upwardly mobile."[8] Yuasa further theorizes that because California is at the center of much of the entertainment industry, young Americans may unconsciously be using creaky voice more because of the media they consume.[8]
See also
References
- ↑ Titze, I. R. (2008). "The Human Instrument". Scientific American. 298 (1): 94–101. Bibcode:2008SciAm.298a..94T. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0108-94. PMID 18225701.
- ↑ Titze, I. R. (1994). Principles of Voice Production. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-717893-3.
- ↑ Kuang, Jianjing (2017-09-01). "Covariation between voice quality and pitch: Revisiting the case of Mandarin creaky voice". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 142 (3): 1693–1706. Bibcode:2017ASAJ..142.1693K. doi:10.1121/1.5003649. ISSN 0001-4966. PMID 28964062.
- ↑ Roach, Peter (2004). "British English: Received Pronunciation" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 34 (2): 241. doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768. S2CID 144338519. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-05.
- ↑ Ashby, M.; Maidment, J. A. (2005). Introducing Phonetic Science. Cambridge University Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-521-00496-1. Retrieved 2012-06-30.
- ↑ Basbøll, Hans (2005). The Phonology of Danish. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-824268-0. p. 24:
The Danish stød [...] is [...] a syllable prosody manifested by laryngealization.
- ↑ Ahn, Sang-cheol; Iverson, Gregory K. (October 2004). "Dimensions in Korean Laryngeal Phonology*". Journal of East Asian Linguistics. 13 (4): 345–379. doi:10.1007/s10831-004-4256-x. ISSN 0925-8558. S2CID 123061263.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Yuasa, I. P. (2010). "Creaky Voice: A New Feminine Voice Quality for Young Urban-Oriented Upwardly Mobile American Women?". American Speech. 85 (3): 315–337. doi:10.1215/00031283-2010-018.
Further reading
- Template:SOWL
- "Word of Mouth: Young Women as Linguistic Innovators", BBC Radio 4, 18 May 2015, from c. 17:40 mins.