Dance: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Dancing painting at Bhimbetka.jpg|thumb|left|Mesolithic dancers at Bhimbetka]]

[[archeology|Archaeological]] evidence for early dance includes 10,000-years-old paintings in [[Madhya Pradesh, India]] at the [[Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka]],<ref name="YM">{{cite book |last1=Mathpal |first1=Yashodhar |title=Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka |date=1984 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=~~9788170171935~~ |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GG7-CpvlU30C&pg=PA220 |language=en}}</ref> and [[ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] tomb paintings depicting dancing figures, dated {{Circa|3300 BC}}. It has been proposed that before the invention of written languages, dance was an important part of the oral and performance methods of passing stories down from one generation to the next.<ref name="lecomte">Nathalie Comte. "Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World". Ed. Jonathan Dewald. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. pp 94–108.</ref> The use of dance in [[Ecstasy (emotion)|ecstatic]] [[altered state of consciousness|trance states]] and healing rituals (as observed today in many contemporary indigenous cultures) is thought to have been another early factor in the social development of dance.<ref name="guenther">Guenther, Mathias Georg. 'The San Trance Dance: Ritual and Revitalization Among the Farm Bushmen of the Ghanzi District, Republic of Botswana.' Journal, South West Africa Scientific Society, v. 30, 1975–76.</ref>

[[archeology|Archaeological]] evidence for early dance includes 10,000-years-old paintings in [[Madhya Pradesh, India]] at the [[Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka]],<ref name="YM">{{cite book |last1=Mathpal |first1=Yashodhar |title=Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka |date=1984 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-193-5 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GG7-CpvlU30C&pg=PA220 |language=en}}</ref> and [[ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] tomb paintings depicting dancing figures, dated {{Circa|3300 BC}}. It has been proposed that before the invention of written languages, dance was an important part of the oral and performance methods of passing stories down from one generation to the next.<ref name="lecomte">Nathalie Comte. "Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World". Ed. Jonathan Dewald. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. pp 94–108.</ref> The use of dance in [[Ecstasy (emotion)|ecstatic]] [[altered state of consciousness|trance states]] and healing rituals (as observed today in many contemporary indigenous cultures) is thought to have been another early factor in the social development of dance.<ref name="guenther">Guenther, Mathias Georg. 'The San Trance Dance: Ritual and Revitalization Among the Farm Bushmen of the Ghanzi District, Republic of Botswana.' Journal, South West Africa Scientific Society, v. 30, 1975–76.</ref>

[[File:Dancers and musicians on a Sasanian bowl.jpg|thumb|Dancers and musicians on a Sasanian bowl, Iran]]

References to dance can be found in very early recorded history; [[Greek dance]] (''[[Choros (dance)|choros]]'') is referred to by [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Plutarch]] and [[Lucian]].<ref>Raftis, Alkis, ''The World of Greek Dance'' Finedawn, Athens (1987) p25.</ref> The [[Bible]] and [[Talmud]] refer to many events related to dance, and contain over 30 different dance terms.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kadman|first=Gurit|date=1952|title=Yemenite Dances and Their Influence on the New Israeli Folk Dances|jstor=835838|journal=Journal of the International Folk Music Council|volume=4|pages=27–30|doi=10.2307/835838}}</ref> In [[History of Chinese classical dance|Chinese]] pottery as early as the [[Neolithic]] period, groups of people are depicted dancing in a line holding hands,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.chnmuseum.cn/Default.aspx?TabId=549&AntiqueLanguageID=3002|title=Basin with design of dancers|publisher=National Museum of China|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811060221/http://en.chnmuseum.cn/(S(qskmzwqsztmrds45bof052bh))/Default.aspx?TabId=549&AntiqueLanguageID=3002|archive-date=2017-08-11~~|url-status=dead~~}} Pottery from the [[Majiayao culture]] (3100 BC to 2700 BC)</ref> and the earliest Chinese word for "dance" is found written in the [[oracle bones]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The history of Chinese dance|last=Kʻo-fen|first=Wang|date=1985|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|isbn=978-0-8351-1186-7|oclc=977028549|page=7}}</ref> Dance is described in the ''[[Lüshi Chunqiu]]''.<ref name="aesthetic tradition">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1eZuB2xwYwC&pg=PA5|title=The Chinese aesthetic tradition|first1=Zehou|last1=Li|first2=Maija Bell|last2=Samei|date=2010|publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3307-7|oclc=960030161|page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=23281|title=Lü Shi Chun Qiu|last=Sturgeon|first=Donald|website=Chinese Text Project Dictionary|language=zh|access-date=2017-05-23|quote=Original text: 昔葛天氏之樂，三人操牛尾，投足以歌八闋|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705152247/https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Primitive dance in ancient China was associated with sorcery and shamanic rituals.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schafer|first=Edward H.|date=June 1951|title=Ritual Exposure in Ancient China|journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies|volume=14|issue=1/2|pages=130–184|doi=10.2307/2718298|jstor=2718298|issn=0073-0548}}</ref>

References to dance can be found in very early recorded history; [[Greek dance]] (''[[Choros (dance)|choros]]'') is referred to by [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Plutarch]] and [[Lucian]].<ref>Raftis, Alkis, ''The World of Greek Dance'' Finedawn, Athens (1987) p25.</ref> The [[Bible]] and [[Talmud]] refer to many events related to dance, and contain over 30 different dance terms.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kadman|first=Gurit|date=1952|title=Yemenite Dances and Their Influence on the New Israeli Folk Dances|jstor=835838|journal=Journal of the International Folk Music Council|volume=4|pages=27–30|doi=10.2307/835838}}</ref> In [[History of Chinese classical dance|Chinese]] pottery as early as the [[Neolithic]] period, groups of people are depicted dancing in a line holding hands,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.chnmuseum.cn/Default.aspx?TabId=549&AntiqueLanguageID=3002|title=Basin with design of dancers|publisher=National Museum of China|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811060221/http://en.chnmuseum.cn/(S(qskmzwqsztmrds45bof052bh))/Default.aspx?TabId=549&AntiqueLanguageID=3002|archive-date=2017-08-11}} Pottery from the [[Majiayao culture]] (3100 BC to 2700 BC)</ref> and the earliest Chinese word for "dance" is found written in the [[oracle bones]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The history of Chinese dance|last=Kʻo-fen|first=Wang|date=1985|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|isbn=978-0-8351-1186-7|oclc=977028549|page=7}}</ref> Dance is described in the ''[[Lüshi Chunqiu]]''.<ref name="aesthetic tradition">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1eZuB2xwYwC&pg=PA5|title=The Chinese aesthetic tradition|first1=Zehou|last1=Li|first2=Maija Bell|last2=Samei|date=2010|publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3307-7|oclc=960030161|page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=23281|title=Lü Shi Chun Qiu|last=Sturgeon|first=Donald|website=Chinese Text Project Dictionary|language=zh|access-date=2017-05-23|quote=Original text: 昔葛天氏之樂，三人操牛尾，投足以歌八闋|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705152247/https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Primitive dance in ancient China was associated with sorcery and shamanic rituals.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schafer|first=Edward H.|date=June 1951|title=Ritual Exposure in Ancient China|journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies|volume=14|issue=1/2|pages=130–184|doi=10.2307/2718298|jstor=2718298|issn=0073-0548}}</ref>

[[File:Bronze Statuette of a Veiled and Masked Dancer 1.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Greek bronze statuette of a veiled and masked dancer, 3rd–2nd century BC, Alexandria, Egypt]]

During the first millennium [[common era|BCE]] in India, many texts were composed which attempted to codify aspects of daily life. [[Bharata Muni]]'s ''[[Natya Shastra]]'' (literally ''"the text of dramaturgy"'') is one early text. It mainly deals with drama, in which dance plays an important part in Indian culture. A strong continuous tradition of dance has since continued in India, through to modern times, where it continues to play a role in culture, ritual, and the [[Bollywood]] entertainment industry. Many other [[contemporary dance]] forms can likewise be traced back to [[Historical dance|historical]], [[Traditional dance|traditional]], ceremonial, and [[List of dances sorted by ethnicity|ethnic]] dance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dance {{!}} Ministry of Culture, Government of India |url=https://www.indiaculture.gov.in/dance |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=www.indiaculture.gov.in |archive-date=2024-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730074450/https://www.indiaculture.gov.in/dance |url-status=live }}</ref>

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[[File:Bali-Danse 0729a.jpg|thumb|upright|An [[Indonesia]]n [[Balinese dance]]r]]

[[Dances in Indonesia|Indonesian dances]] reflect the richness and diversity of Indonesian ethnic groups and [[Culture of Indonesia|cultures]]. There are more than 1,300 [[ethnic groups in Indonesia]], it can be seen from the cultural roots of the [[Austronesian people|Austronesian]] and [[Melanesian peoples]], and various cultural influences from [[Asia]] and the west. Dances in [[Indonesia]] originate from ritual movements and religious ceremonies, this kind of dance usually begins with rituals, such as war dances, shaman dances to cure or ward off disease, dances to call rain and other types of dances. With the acceptance of dharma religion in the 1st century in Indonesia, [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhist]] rituals were celebrated in various artistic performances. Hindu epics such as the [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]] and also the [[Panji tales|Panji]] became the inspiration to be shown in a dance-drama called "Sendratari" resembling "[[Ramayana Ballet|ballet]]" in the western tradition. An elaborate and highly stylized dance method was invented and has survived to this day, especially on the islands of [[Java]] and [[Bali]]. The Javanese [[Wayang wong]] dance takes footage from the Ramayana or Mahabharata episodes, but this dance is very different from the Indian version, indonesian dances do not pay as much attention to the "[[mudra]]s" as Indian dances: even more to show local forms. The sacred [[Javanese people|Javanese]] ritual dance [[Bedhaya]] is believed to date back to the [[Majapahit]] period in the 14th century or even earlier, this dance originated from ritual dances performed by virgin girls to worship Hindu Gods such as [[Shiva]], [[Brahma]], and [[Vishnu]]. In Bali, dance has become an integral part of the sacred Hindu Dharma rituals. Some experts believe that [[Balinese dance]] comes from an older dance tradition from Java. Reliefs from temples in [[East Java]] from the 14th century feature crowns and headdresses similar to the headdresses used in Balinese dance today. [[Islam]] began to spread to the [[Indonesian archipelago]] when indigenous dances and dharma dances were still popular. Artists and dancers still use styles from the previous era, replacing stories with more Islamic interpretations and clothing that is more closed according to Islamic teachings.<ref name="Folk Dances Indonesia">{{cite web |url=http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/general/theatre.html |work=Indonesia Tourism |title=The Indonesian Folk Dances |access-date=30 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124083455/http://indonesia-tourism.com/general/theatre.html |archive-date=24 November 2010 ~~|url-status=dead~~ }}</ref>

[[Dances in Indonesia|Indonesian dances]] reflect the richness and diversity of Indonesian ethnic groups and [[Culture of Indonesia|cultures]]. There are more than 1,300 [[ethnic groups in Indonesia]], it can be seen from the cultural roots of the [[Austronesian people|Austronesian]] and [[Melanesian peoples]], and various cultural influences from [[Asia]] and the west. Dances in [[Indonesia]] originate from ritual movements and religious ceremonies, this kind of dance usually begins with rituals, such as war dances, shaman dances to cure or ward off disease, dances to call rain and other types of dances. With the acceptance of dharma religion in the 1st century in Indonesia, [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhist]] rituals were celebrated in various artistic performances. Hindu epics such as the [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]] and also the [[Panji tales|Panji]] became the inspiration to be shown in a dance-drama called "Sendratari" resembling "[[Ramayana Ballet|ballet]]" in the western tradition. An elaborate and highly stylized dance method was invented and has survived to this day, especially on the islands of [[Java]] and [[Bali]]. The Javanese [[Wayang wong]] dance takes footage from the Ramayana or Mahabharata episodes, but this dance is very different from the Indian version, indonesian dances do not pay as much attention to the "[[mudra]]s" as Indian dances: even more to show local forms. The sacred [[Javanese people|Javanese]] ritual dance [[Bedhaya]] is believed to date back to the [[Majapahit]] period in the 14th century or even earlier, this dance originated from ritual dances performed by virgin girls to worship Hindu Gods such as [[Shiva]], [[Brahma]], and [[Vishnu]]. In Bali, dance has become an integral part of the sacred Hindu Dharma rituals. Some experts believe that [[Balinese dance]] comes from an older dance tradition from Java. Reliefs from temples in [[East Java]] from the 14th century feature crowns and headdresses similar to the headdresses used in Balinese dance today. [[Islam]] began to spread to the [[Indonesian archipelago]] when indigenous dances and dharma dances were still popular. Artists and dancers still use styles from the previous era, replacing stories with more Islamic interpretations and clothing that is more closed according to Islamic teachings.<ref name="Folk Dances Indonesia">{{cite web |url=http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/general/theatre.html |work=Indonesia Tourism |title=The Indonesian Folk Dances |access-date=30 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124083455/http://indonesia-tourism.com/general/theatre.html |archive-date=24 November 2010 }}</ref>

The [[Middle Eastern dance|dances of the Middle East]] are usually the traditional forms of [[circle dance|circle dancing]] which are modernized to an extent. They would include [[dabke]], [[tamzara]], [[Assyrian folk dance]], [[Kurdish dance]], [[Armenian dance]] and [[Turkish dance]], among others.<ref name="Badley 2000. pp 391-395">Badley, Bill and Zein al Jundi. "Europe Meets Asia". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp. 391–395. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books.</ref><ref>Recep Albayrak Hacaloğlu. Azeri Türkçesi dil kilavuzu. Hacaloğlu, 1992; p. 272.</ref> All these forms of dances would usually involve participants engaging each other by holding hands or arms (depending on the style of the dance). They would make rhythmic moves with their legs and shoulders as they curve around the dance floor. The head of the dance would generally hold a [[Walking stick|cane]] or [[handkerchief]].<ref name="Badley 2000. pp 391-395"/><ref>Subhi Anwar Rashid, Mesopotamien, Abb 137</ref>

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[[Ballet]] developed first in Italy and then in France from lavish court spectacles that combined rhythm, drama, poetry, song, costumes and dance. Members of the court nobility took part as performers. During the reign of [[Louis XIV]], himself a dancer, dance became more codified. Professional dancers began to take the place of court amateurs, and ballet masters were licensed by the French government. The first ballet dance academy was the Académie Royale de Danse (Royal Dance Academy), opened in Paris in 1661. Shortly thereafter, the first institutionalized ballet troupe, associated with the academy, was formed; this troupe began as an all-male ensemble but by 1681 opened to include women as well.<ref name="lecomte"/>

[[20th century concert dance]] brought an explosion of innovation in dance style characterized by an exploration of freer technique. Early pioneers of what became known as [[modern dance]] include [[Loie Fuller]], [[Isadora Duncan]], [[Mary Wigman]] and [[Ruth St. Denis]]. The relationship of music to dance serves as the basis for [[Eurhythmics]], devised by [[Emile Jaques-Dalcroze]], which was influential to the development of Modern dance and modern ballet through artists such as [[Marie Rambert]]. [[Eurythmy]], developed by [[Rudolf Steiner]] and [[Marie Steiner-von Sivers]], combines formal elements reminiscent of traditional dance with the new freer style, and introduced a complex new vocabulary to dance. In the 1920s, important founders of the new style such as [[Martha Graham]] and [[Doris Humphrey]] began their work. Since this time, a wide variety of dance styles have been developed; see [[Modern dance]].

[[20th century concert dance]] brought an explosion of innovation in dance style characterized by an exploration of freer technique. Early pioneers of what became known as [[modern dance]] include [[Loie Fuller]], [[Isadora Duncan]], [[Mary Wigman]] and [[Ruth St. Denis]]. The relationship of music to dance serves as the basis for [[Eurhythmics]], devised by [[Emile Jaques-Dalcroze]], which was influential to the development of Modern dance and modern ballet through artists such as [[Marie Rambert]]. [[Eurythmy]], developed by [[Rudolf Steiner]] and [[Marie Steiner-von Sivers]], combines formal elements reminiscent of traditional dance with the new freer style, and introduced a complex new vocabulary to dance. In the 1920s, important founders of the new style such as [[Martha Graham]], [[Lester Horton]], and [[Doris Humphrey]] began their work. Since this time, a wide variety of dance styles have been developed; see [[Modern dance]].

[[African American dance]] developed in everyday spaces, rather than in dance studios, schools or companies. [[Tap dance]], [[disco]], [[jazz dance]], [[swing dance]], [[hip hop dance]], the [[lindy hop]] with its relationship to [[rock and roll|rock and roll music]] and [[rock and roll (dance)|rock and roll dance]] have had a global influence. Dance styles fusing classical ballet technique with African-American dance have also appeared in the 21st century, including [[Hiplet (dance style)|Hiplet]].<ref name=kourlas>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/arts/dance/hiplet-an-implausible-hybrid-plants-itself-on-pointe.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/arts/dance/hiplet-an-implausible-hybrid-plants-itself-on-pointe.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited|title=Hiplet: An Implausible Hybrid Plants Itself on Pointe|last=Kourlas|first=Gia|date=2016-09-02|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-12-03}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

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=== Latin America ===

Dance is central to [[Latin America]]n social life and culture. Brazilian [[Samba (Brazilian dance)|Samba]], Argentinian [[tango]], and Cuban [[salsa (dance)|salsa]] are internationally popular partner dances, and other national dances—[[merengue (dance)|merengue]], [[cueca]], [[plena]], [[jarabe]], [[joropo]], [[marinera]], [[cumbia]], [[Bachata (dance)|bachata]] and others—are important components of their respective countries' cultures.<ref name="Chasteen2004">{{cite book|author=John Charles Chasteen|title=National Rhythms, African Roots: The Deep History of Latin American Popular Dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yBvvvrydCNwC&pg=PR8|date=1 January 2004|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=978-0-8263-2941-7|pages=8–14}}</ref> Traditional [[Carnival]] festivals incorporate these and other dances in enormous celebrations.<ref name="MusmonHanley2010">{{cite book|author1=Margaret Musmon|author2=Elizabeth A. Hanley|author3=Jacques D'Amboise|title=Latin and Caribbean Dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIZq7jgqXE8C|year=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-60413-481-0|pages=20–23}}</ref>

Dance has played an important role in forging a collective identity among the many cultural and ethnic groups of [[Latin America]].<ref name="DelgadoMuñoz1997">{{cite book|author1=Celeste Fraser Delgado|author2=José Esteban Muñoz|title=Everynight Life: Culture and Dance in Latin/o America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gefjk07Y9kEC&pg=PA3|year=1997|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-1919-1|pages=9–41}}</ref> Dance served to unite the many African, European, and indigenous peoples of the region.<ref name="Chasteen2004"/> Certain dance genres, such as [[capoeira]], and body movements, especially the characteristic ''[[quebrada (dance)|quebrada]]s'' or [[pelvis]] swings, have been variously banned and celebrated throughout Latin American history.<ref name="DelgadoMuñoz1997"/>{{clear}}

== ~~Different dance~~ styles ==

== Dance styles ==

{{see also|List of dance styles}}{{multiple issues|section=yes|{{Unsourced section|date=March 2025}}{{AI-generated|section|date=August 2025}}}}

* [[~~Ballet~~]] originated during the Italian Renaissance and ~~developed further in France and Russia. It~~ is known for its graceful, precise movements, pointe work, and storytelling through ~~choreography. Classical ballet follows strict techniques, while contemporary ballet incorporates modern influences.~~

Dance is often categorized into styles, with different connotations of traditionalism and contemporaneity. Often [[genre|genres]] of dance blend together, influencing one another.

* [[~~Contemporary dance~~]] ~~emerged in the mid-20th century~~. It blends elements of ballet, modern, and jazz dance. It emphasizes fluidity, emotion, and expression over rigid technique. Pioneers like Martha Graham and Merce Cunningham contributed to its development.

* [[Jazz dance]] is evolved from African American vernacular dance and became popular in the early 20th century. It features energetic movements, syncopated rhythms, and influences from ballet and contemporary styles. It is commonly seen in musical theatre and commercial performances.

Dances viewed as traditional include [[ballet]], which originated [[History of ballet#Origins|during the Italian Renaissance]] and is known for its graceful, precise movements, pointe work, and storytelling through [[choreography]]. Formal social gatherings such as weddings may feature [[ballroom dance]], a style that includes forms such as the waltz, tango, foxtrot, and cha-cha, all typically performed with a partner. There are also [[folk dance]], such as Irish step dancing, Indian Bharatanatyam, Spanish flamenco, and African tribal dances.

* [[Hip-hop dance]] emerged in the 1970s in the Bronx, New York, as a part of hip-hop culture. Styles such as ~~breaking, popping, locking, and krumping fall under this genre. It emphasizes freestyle movements, rhythm, and personal expression.~~

* [[~~Tap~~ dance]] is characterized by rhythmic footwork using metal-soled shoes to create percussive sounds. It has roots in African and Irish dance traditions and became prominent in Vaudeville and Broadway productions.

Often, a dance style will be endemic to a particular culture or subculture. This includes [[jazz dance]], evolving from [[African-American dance|African-American folk dance]], as well as [[Bollywood dance]] which mixes classical Indian dance, folk dance, and modern styles. Dance styles typically spread beyond their point of origin, as occurred with [[belly dance|belly dancing]].

* [[Ballroom dance]] is a ~~social and competitive dance~~ style that includes forms such as the waltz, tango, foxtrot, and cha-cha~~. These dances are~~ typically performed with a partner ~~and emphasize posture, elegance, and synchronization~~.

* [[~~Latin~~ dance]] ~~encompasses styles~~ such as ~~salsa, bachata, merengue, and samba. These dances are known for their vibrant, energetic movements and rhythmic footwork, often performed socially and competitively.~~

Mnay dance styles originated in the 1970s, such as [[aerial dance]], [[hip-hop dance]], [[modern dance]] and [[street dance]].

* [[Traditional and folk dance]] is deeply rooted in history and tradition. Examples include Irish step dancing, Indian Bharatanatyam, Spanish flamenco, and African tribal dances.

* [[Modern dance~~]] developed in the early 20th century as~~ a ~~rebellion against classical ballet, modern dance focuses on self-expression, gravity, and unconventional movement~~. ~~Influential figures include Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham.~~

* [[~~Lyrical dance]] is a fusion of ballet and~~ jazz ~~that emphasizes emotional storytelling and fluid movement. It is often performed to contemporary music and focuses on grace and expression.~~

* [[Belly dance]] ~~originates in the Middle East and is characterized by intricate hip movements~~, ~~shimmies, and undulations. It is often performed solo and has variations across different regions, including Egyptian and Turkish styles.~~

* [[~~Street~~ dance]] ~~refers to urban dance styles that developed outside of traditional dance studios. These include hip-hop~~, ~~house, and breakdancing, often performed in freestyle battles and social settings.~~

* [[Bollywood dance]] ~~is a vibrant fusion of~~ classical Indian dance, folk dance, and modern styles. ~~It is widely seen in Indian cinema and incorporates expressive gestures~~, ~~energetic movements, and dramatic storytelling.~~

* [[~~Aerial~~ dance]] ~~combines~~ dance ~~and acrobatics performed on apparatuses~~ such as ~~silks~~, ~~hoops~~, and ~~trapezes. It requires strength, flexibility, and coordination to create breath-taking performances~~.

== Education ==

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=== Teachers ===

Dance teachers typically focus on teaching dance performance, or coaching competitive dancers, or both. They typically have performance experience in the types of dance they teach or coach. For example, [[dancesport]] teachers and coaches are often tournament dancers or former dancesport performers. Dance teachers may be self-employed, or employed by [[dance school]]s or general education institutions with dance programs. Some work for university programs or other schools that are associated with professional classical dance (e.g., ballet) or modern dance companies. Others are employed by smaller, privately owned dance schools that offer dance training and performance coaching for various types of dance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dance Teacher {{!}} Berklee |url=https://www.berklee.edu/careers/roles/dance-teacher |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=www.berklee.edu |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004152125/https://www.berklee.edu/careers/roles/dance-teacher |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dance teachers typically focus on teaching dance performance, or coaching competitive dancers, or both. They typically have performance experience in the types of dance they teach or coach. For example, [[dancesport]] teachers and coaches are often tournament dancers or former dancesport performers.<ref name=":1" /> Dance teachers need to be both generalists and specialists in dance competition styles in order to train dancers and choreograph routines that will be successful at dance competitions. Dance teachers need to study the competition circuit to organize all the logistics that are required for competing at competitions, such as finding age appropriate songs, making sure they are within the time limit, and having the minimum amount of technique tricks to compete in certain styles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Schupp |first=Karen |date=2019-04-03 |title=Dance Competition Culture and Commercial Dance: Intertwined Aesthetics, Values, and Practices |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15290824.2018.1437622 |journal=Journal of Dance Education |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=58–67 |doi=10.1080/15290824.2018.1437622 |issn=1529-0824|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Dance teachers may be self-employed, or employed by [[dance school]]s or general education institutions with dance programs. Some work for university programs or other schools that are associated with professional classical dance (e.g., ballet) or modern dance companies. Others are employed by smaller, privately owned dance schools that offer dance training and performance coaching for various types of dance.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dance Teacher {{!}} Berklee |url=https://www.berklee.edu/careers/roles/dance-teacher |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=www.berklee.edu |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004152125/https://www.berklee.edu/careers/roles/dance-teacher |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Choreographers ===

[[Choreography (dance)|Choreographers]] are the ones that design the dancing movements within a dance, they are often university trained and are typically employed for particular projects or, more rarely may work on contract as the resident choreographer for a specific dance company.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Risner|first=Doug|date=December 2000|title=Making Dance, Making Sense: Epistemology and choreography|journal=Research in Dance Education|volume=1|issue=2|pages=155–172|doi=10.1080/713694259|s2cid=143435623|issn=1464-7893}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=dance - Choreography {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/dance/Choreography |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004152120/https://www.britannica.com/art/dance/Choreography |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Studio Owner ===

Dance studios are part of the private sector. Dance studios typically offer classes based on what is popular in commercial dance and competition dance. The classes that are offered range from [[Hip-hop dance|hip hop]] to [[Jazz dance|jazz]] to [[Contemporary dance|contemporary]] to [[ballet]], and more. The Dance studio industry has grown by 3.8% since 2014. The industry hit 4 billion dollars in 2019.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harrington |first=Heather |date=2021-07-03 |title=Practical Resources for Dance Educators!: Navigating the Competition Dance Model |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23734833.2021.1954851 |journal=Dance Education in Practice |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=28–32 |doi=10.1080/23734833.2021.1954851 |issn=2373-4833|url-access=subscription }}</ref> As of 2017, there are roughly 32,00 dance studios in the United States.<ref name=":0" />

=== Competition Judge ===

Judges are dancers who have either worked professionally on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], in a [[ballet company]], or commercially. Judges come from different dance backgrounds, which causes them all to have differing opinions while judging dance routines. The judging system has been critiqued for its inconsistency, since the judges are required to translate their opinions into a numerical score. The scoring system used is based on the main components of a good competition dance. Judges provide feedback to the dancers to help them improve their technique, performance skills, and their routines.<ref name=":0" />

== Competitions ==

[[File:MIT 2006 Standard Prechamp Final 2.jpg|thumb~~|right|upright=1.45~~|An amateur ~~dancesport~~ competition, featuring the [[Viennese Waltz]]]]

[[File:MIT 2006 Standard Prechamp Final 2.jpg|thumb|An amateur ballroom competition, featuring the [[Viennese Waltz]]]]

A '''dance competition''' is an organized event in which contestants perform dances before a judge or judges for awards, and in some cases, monetary prizes. There are several major types of dance competitions, distinguished primarily by the style or styles of dances performed. Dance competitions are an excellent setting to build connections with industry leading faculty members, adjudicators, choreographers and other dancers from competing studios~~. A typical dance competition for younger pre-professional dancers can last anywhere between two and four days, depending whether it is a regional or national competition~~.

A '''dance competition''' is an organized event in which contestants perform dances before a judge or judges for awards, and in some cases, monetary prizes. There are several major types of dance competitions, distinguished primarily by the style or styles of dances performed. Dance competitions are an excellent setting to build connections with industry leading faculty members, adjudicators, choreographers, and other dancers from competing studios.

The purpose of dance competitions is to provide a ~~fun and educative~~ place for dancers ~~and give them~~ the opportunity to perform ~~their choreographed routines from their current dance season onstage~~. Oftentimes, competitions will take place in a professional setting or may vary to non-performance spaces, such as a high school theatre~~. The results of the dancers are then dictated by a credible panel of judges and are evaluated on their performance than given a score~~. As far as competitive categories go, most competitions base their categories according to the dance style, age, experience level and the number of dancers competing in the routine.<ref name="~~Schupp 58–67~~">{{Cite journal |last=Schupp |first=Karen |date=2019-04-03 |title=Dance Competition Culture and Commercial Dance: Intertwined Aesthetics, Values, and Practices |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15290824.2018.1437622 |journal=Journal of Dance Education |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=58–67 |doi=10.1080/15290824.2018.1437622 |s2cid=150019666 |issn=1529-0824|url-access=subscription }}</~~ref~~> ~~Major types of dance competitions include:~~

=== Competitive dance ===

Competitions take place over the course of two to three days, where dance studios compete to win awards. Competitions happen on both a regional and national level. Dancers compete in many different styles such as [[Contemporary dance|contemporary]], [[Lyrical dance|lyrical]], [[Jazz dance|jazz]], [[Tap dance|tap]], [[Hip-hop dance|hip hop]], [[ballet]], and more. Dancers perform choreographed routines that are typically around two minutes long, and a set of qualified judges will score the routines in order to rank them. Judges scored the routines based on four main categories: choreography, emotional execution, technique, and overall impression. Overall impression will typically include costuming, song choice, and other smaller factors.<ref name=":0" /> The purpose of dance competitions is to provide a safe, educational place for dancers. Competing gives dancers the opportunity to perform in front of an audience. Oftentimes, competitions will take place in a professional setting or may vary to non-performance spaces, such as a high school theatre. As far as competitive categories go, most competitions base their categories according to the dance style, age, experience level, and the number of dancers competing in the routine.<ref name=":0" />

* '''[[Dancesport]]''', which is focused exclusively on [[ballroom dance~~|ballroom]] and [[latin dance]].~~

=== Ballroom dance ===

* '''[[~~Competitive~~ dance]]''~~', in which~~ a ~~variety~~ of ~~theater dance styles~~, ~~such as [[acro dance|acrobatics]]~~, ~~[[ballet]]~~, ~~[[jazz dance|jazz]]~~, ~~[[hip~~-~~hop]]~~, ~~[[lyrical dance|lyrical]]~~, ~~[[step~~ dance~~|stepping]],~~ and ~~[[tap~~ dance~~|tap]]~~, ~~are permitted~~.

''Main Article: [[Ballroom dance]]''

* '''Commercial Dance''', ~~consisting of~~ as ~~hip hop~~, ~~jazz~~, ~~locking~~, ~~popping~~, ~~breakdancing~~, ~~contemporary etc~~.<ref ~~name~~=~~"Schupp 58–67"~~/>

* '''Single-style''' competitions, such as; [[Scottish highland dance|highland dance~~]], [[dance squad|dance team~~]], and [[Irish dance]], that only permit a single dance style.

Ballroom became a competitive sport when the division of the World Dance Council (WDC) clarified which dances were standard ballroom dances. According to the WDC, the standard dances are the International standard Waltz, Tango, Foxtrot, Viennese Waltz, Rhumba, Quickstep, Cha-Cha-Cha, Samba, Paso Doble, and the Jive. The World Dance Council has 59 members from different countries who help to uphold the rules. The dances that are labeled as standardized have a mixture of origins from Latin and standard dances. In the 1950s, the Council began to write rules for the different styles to unify the dance styles. The rules help to clarify the stylistic movements of the body and the main steps used during each specific dance. Dancers must go through a long process to become masters of any specific style. They start as an un-classed dancer and work for years to become a Level S class, the highest international level. Dancers compete in pairs at sanctioned competitions in order to level up. Many times, dancers will have the same pair for years. The couple will receive a score as a pair, and in order to level up, the pair must place in the top three. The number of levels that they place up is based on the level of difficulty at the competition and how many people they beat. Typically, couples start at smaller local competitions in order to level up. As they get to higher levels, they begin to compete at larger competitions at a national level or international level. Typically, the pairs will travel to other countries together for one to two days in order to compete at these competitions while also still participating in school. Judges use the skating system to score the pairs. This system has eleven rules which help the judges decide who gets to move on to the next rounds. The majority of the rules are only applied for the final round to create a numerical score for each dance and to prevent ties.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Byczkowska-Owczarek |first=Dominika |date=2019-06-01 |title=Performing on the Boundary of Art and Sport: The Case of Competitive Ballroom Dancers |url=http://sreview.soc.cas.cz/doi/10.13060/00380288.2019.55.3.471.html |journal=Czech Sociological Review |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=369–392 |doi=10.13060/00380288.2019.55.3.471|doi-access=free }}</ref>

* '''Open''' competitions, that permit a wide variety of dance styles~~. An example of this is the TV program ''[[So You Think You Can Dance]]''~~.

*'''Olympic''', Dance has been trying to be ~~part of the~~ Olympic sport since 1930s.

Other Major Types of Dance Competitions include:

* '''Single-style''' competitions, such as; [[Scottish highland dance|highland dance]], and [[Irish dance]], that only permit a single dance style.

* '''Open''' competitions, that permit a wide variety of dance styles.

*'''Olympic,''' Dance has been trying to be added as an Olympic sport since the 1930s. In the 2021 summer Olympics [[Breakdancing]] final joined.

== Dance diplomacy ==

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[[File:Cutaway-of-a-pointe-shoe.png|thumb|[[Pointe shoe]]]]

[[File:Pointe shoe wear.jpg|thumb|Worn out pointe shoe]]

Ballet is notable for the risks of injury due to the biomechanics of the ankle and the toes, as the main support for the rest of the movements. With the [[pointe shoe]], the design specifically brings all of the toes together to allow the toes to be stood on for longer periods.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Fengfeng |last2=Adrien |first2=Ntwali |last3=He |first3=Yuhuan |date=2022-04-18 |title=Biomechanical Risks Associated with Foot and Ankle Injuries in Ballet Dancers: A Systematic Review |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=19 |issue=8 |~~pages~~=4916 |doi=10.3390/ijerph19084916 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=9029463 |pmid=35457783|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Ballet is notable for the risks of injury due to the biomechanics of the ankle and the toes, as the main support for the rest of the movements. With the [[pointe shoe]], the design specifically brings all of the toes together to allow the toes to be stood on for longer periods.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Fengfeng |last2=Adrien |first2=Ntwali |last3=He |first3=Yuhuan |date=2022-04-18 |title=Biomechanical Risks Associated with Foot and Ankle Injuries in Ballet Dancers: A Systematic Review |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=19 |issue=8 |page=4916 |doi=10.3390/ijerph19084916 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=9029463 |pmid=35457783|doi-access=free }}</ref>

There are accessories associated with pointe shoes that help to mitigate injury and soothe pain while dancing, including things such as toe pads, toe tape, and cushions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Center |first=Smithsonian Lemelson |date=2020-05-28 |title=A Better Pointe Shoe Is Sorely Needed |url=https://invention.si.edu/better-pointe-shoe-sorely-needed |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213164007/https://invention.si.edu/better-pointe-shoe-sorely-needed |url-status=live }}</ref>

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=== Eating disorders ===

In North America, eating disorders present a significant public health challenge, with an estimated 10% of young girls affected. Those engaged in aesthetic-focused sports like dance face even greater risks due to intense pressures for a slender physique.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Doria |first=Nicole |date=January 12, 2022 |title=Dancing in a culture of disordered eating: A feminist poststructural analysis of body and body image among young girls in the world of dance |journal= PLOS ONE|volume=17 |issue=1 |~~pages~~=e0247651 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0247651 |pmid=35020720 |pmc=8754298 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1747651D |doi-access=free }}</ref> Eating disorders in dancers are generally very common. Through data analysis and studies published, sufficient data regarding the percentage and accuracy of dancers who realistically fall into unhealthy disordered eating habits or the development of an eating disorder were extracted. Dancers, in general, have a higher risk of developing eating disorders than the general public, primarily falling into [[anorexia nervosa]] and [[Other specified feeding or eating disorder|EDNOS]]. Research has yet to distinguish a direct correlation between dancers having a higher risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Studies concluded that dancers overall have a three times higher risk of developing eating disorders, more specifically anorexia nervosa and EDNOS.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Arcelus |first1=Jon |last2=Witcomb |first2=Gemma L. |last3=Mitchell |first3=Alex |date=2013-11-26 |title=Prevalence of Eating Disorders amongst Dancers: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis ~~|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/erv.2271~~ |journal=European Eating Disorders Review |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=92–101 |doi=10.1002/erv.2271 |pmid=24277724 |issn=1072-4133}}</ref>

In North America, eating disorders present a significant public health challenge, with an estimated 10% of young girls affected. Those engaged in aesthetic-focused sports like dance face even greater risks due to intense pressures for a slender physique.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Doria |first=Nicole |date=January 12, 2022 |title=Dancing in a culture of disordered eating: A feminist poststructural analysis of body and body image among young girls in the world of dance |journal= PLOS ONE|volume=17 |issue=1 |article-number=e0247651 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0247651 |pmid=35020720 |pmc=8754298 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1747651D |doi-access=free }}</ref> Eating disorders in dancers are generally very common. Through data analysis and studies published, sufficient data regarding the percentage and accuracy of dancers who realistically fall into unhealthy disordered eating habits or the development of an eating disorder were extracted. Dancers, in general, have a higher risk of developing eating disorders than the general public, primarily falling into [[anorexia nervosa]] and [[Other specified feeding or eating disorder|EDNOS]]. Research has yet to distinguish a direct correlation between dancers having a higher risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Studies concluded that dancers overall have a three times higher risk of developing eating disorders, more specifically anorexia nervosa and EDNOS.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Arcelus |first1=Jon |last2=Witcomb |first2=Gemma L. |last3=Mitchell |first3=Alex |date=2013-11-26 |title=Prevalence of Eating Disorders amongst Dancers: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=European Eating Disorders Review |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=92–101 |doi=10.1002/erv.2271 |pmid=24277724 |issn=1072-4133}}</ref>

===Health benefits===

Despite the concerns listed above, dancing has many health benefits. For example, experts have noted that dancing improves cardiovascular health, reduces stress, boosts flexibility and agility, strengthens muscles and bones, and enhances balance and coordination. Some mental and cognitive benefits include improvement of memory and cognition, challenging the brain, and reducing the risk of dementia.<ref>{{cite web|first=Steph|last=Eckelkamp|access-date=2025-06-30|title=12 Benefits of Dancing: Boost Mood, Health, and Fitness|url=https://greatist.com/health/benefits-of-dance|website=Greatist}}</ref> Dancing also helps to build self-esteem and can help to encourage social connections with peers.<ref>{{cite web|first=Leah|last=Groth|access-date=2025-06-30|title=9 Reasons Dancing Is Good for Your Health|url=https://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness-pictures/health-benefits-of-dance.aspx|website=EverydayHealth.com}}</ref>

Despite the concerns listed above, dancing has many health benefits. For example, experts have noted that dancing improves cardiovascular health, reduces stress, boosts flexibility and agility, strengthens muscles and bones, and enhances balance and coordination. Some mental and cognitive benefits include improvement of memory and cognition, challenging the brain, and reducing the risk of dementia.<ref>{{cite web|first=Steph|last=Eckelkamp|access-date=2025-06-30|title=12 Benefits of Dancing: Boost Mood, Health, and Fitness|url=https://greatist.com/health/benefits-of-dance|website=Greatist |date=20 November 2020 }}</ref> Dancing also helps to build self-esteem and can help to encourage social connections with peers.<ref>{{cite web|first=Leah|last=Groth|access-date=2025-06-30|title=9 Reasons Dancing Is Good for Your Health|url=https://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness-pictures/health-benefits-of-dance.aspx|website=EverydayHealth.com}}</ref>

== Dance in pop culture ==

=== Social media ===

Dance has become a popular form of content across many social media platforms, including [[TikTok]]. During 2020, TikTok dances were a way people stayed connected during the pandemic shutdown.<ref>{{Cite book |title=TikTok cultures in the United States |date=2022 |others=Trevor Boffone |isbn=978-1-000-60215-9 |location=Abingdon, Oxon |oclc=1295618580}}</ref> Since TikTok's debut in 2017, professional dancers in their early 20s to 30s have used the app as a way to generate a paycheck. While the majority of professional dancers are more accustomed to working in large studios, the app has introduced a more direct way for dancers to post their artistry.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Warburton |first=Edward C. |date=2022-07-01 |title=TikTok challenge: dance education futures in the creator economy |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068 |journal=[[Arts Education Policy Review]] |volume=125 |issue=4 |language=en |pages=430–440 |doi=10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068 |s2cid=250233625 |issn=1063-2913 |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2022-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045928/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== ~~Dance on social media~~ ==

=== Television ===

Dance Competition TV shows have increased the popularity of dance over the years. Shows like [[Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)|''Dancing with the Stars'']], ''[[So You Think You Can Dance]]'', and ''[[Dance Moms]]'' have allowed for a larger audience to understand and appreciate the artistic sport. The competition style of reality TV draws in viewer participation, which grows the audience. These shows allow for more people to understand the athletic ability required to perform these choreographed routines each week. The number of children who participate in dance has grown as the popularity of these shows has grown.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cardinal |first=Marita K. |date=2013-01-30 |title=Deciphering Dance in Reality Television: The Good, the Questionable, and the Unconscionable |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07303084.2013.744915 |journal=Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |doi=10.1080/07303084.2013.744915 |issn=0730-3084|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Dance has become a popular form of content across many social media platforms, including [[TikTok]]. During 2020, TikTok dances offered the opportunity for isolated individuals to interact and connect with one another through a virtual format.<ref>{{Cite book |title=~~TikTok cultures in the United States |date~~=~~2022 |others~~=~~Trevor Boffone |isbn~~=~~978-1-000-60215-9 |location~~=~~Abingdon, Oxon |oclc~~=~~1295618580}}</ref> Since its debut in 2017, the app has also attracted~~ a ~~small but growing audience of professional dancers in their early 20s~~ to ~~30s. While the majority of this demographic is more accustomed to performing onstage~~, ~~this app introduced a new means to generate professional exposure.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Warburton |first=Edward C~~. ~~|date=2022-07-01 |title=TikTok challenge:~~ dance ~~education futures~~ in ~~the creator economy~~ |~~url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068~~ |~~journal=~~[[~~Arts Education Policy Review~~]] |~~volume=125~~ |~~issue=4~~ |~~language=en~~ |~~pages=430–440 |doi=10~~.~~1080/10632913~~.~~2022.2095068 |s2cid=250233625 |issn=1063-2913 |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date~~=~~2022-12-03 |archive-url=https~~:/~~/web.archive.org/web/20221203045928/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref~~>{{clear}}

=== Commercial dance ===

Commercial dance is when dance is used as a way to sell a product, concept, brand, or celebrity. Commercial dance is used in many digital places such as [[Music video|music videos]], [[Television show|TV shows]], or [[commercials]], [[Film|movies]], [[Advertising|advertisements]], [[touring music concerts]], [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], or [[Las vegas shows|Las Vegas shows]]. Commercial dance can be any style of dance as long as it is being used to sell something.<ref name=":0" />{{clear}}

== Gallery ==

File:Fresco Villa dei Misteri 28.JPG|A satyr dancing. A fresco from the cubiculum in the [[Villa of the Mysteries]]. From Pompeii. Date: 80 to 70 BCE <ref>{{cite web |url=https://pompeiisites.org/en/archaeological-site/villa-of-the-mysteries/ |title=VILLA OF THE MYSTERIES |website=Pompeii sites |access-date=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131085710/https://pompeiisites.org/en/archaeological-site/villa-of-the-mysteries/ |archive-date=31 January 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

File:Irish dancers in team costume, Davis Academy, USA.jpg|'''Folk dance''' – a trio of [[Irish Stepdance]]rs performing in competition

File:TÜRKA Vanemuise suures majas -- tants Kodukotus.JPG|[[Folk dance]] in [[Estonia]]

File:NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg|A contemporary dancer performs a stag ~~split~~ leap.

File:NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg|A contemporary dancer performs a single leg stag leap or firebird.

File:NWFusion7.jpg|'''[[Dance partnering]]''' – a male dancer assists a female dancer in performing an [[arabesque (ballet position)|arabesque]], as part of a classical [[pas de deux]].

File:FrontAerial.gif|'''Acrobatic dance''' – an [[acro dance]]r performs a [[front aerial]].

File:ToeRise.jpg|A dancer performs a "toe rise", in which she rises from a kneeling position to a standing position on the tops of her feet.

File:Jitterbug Wolcott FSA.jpg|'''Social dance''' – dancers at a [[juke joint]] dance the [[Jitterbug]], an early 20th century dance that would go on to influence [[Swing dance|swing]], [[jive (dance)|jive]], and [[jazz dance]].

File:~~Tanzturnier_28~~.JPG|Latin Ballroom dancers perform the [[Tango]].

File:Tanzturnier 28.JPG|Latin Ballroom dancers perform the [[Tango]].

File:Bootsa.jpg|[[Gumboot dance]] evolved from the stomping signals used as coded communication between labourers in South African mines.

File:Harlekin Columbine Tivoli Denmark.jpg|[[Harlequin]] and [[Columbina]] from the mime theater in [[Copenhagen, Denmark]]

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File:Belogolovtsev Abderahman.jpg|'''Stage dance''' – a professional dancer at the [[Bolshoi Theatre]]

File:La bailaora Josefa Vargas (1840).jpg|A nineteenth century artist's representation of a Flamenco dancer

File:~~Պար_Գառնում~~.jpg|'''Ritual dance''' – Armenian folk dancers celebrate a [[neo-pagan]] new year.

File:Պար Գառնում.jpg|'''Ritual dance''' – Armenian folk dancers celebrate a [[neo-pagan]] new year.

File:Samba Atlason Jakobsdottir 0509.JPG|A latin ballroom couple perform a [[Samba (ballroom dance)|Samba]] routine at a dancesport event.

File:~~Polonezkoy_08859_nevit~~.jpg|'''Folk dance''' – some dance traditions travel with immigrant communities, as with this festival dance performed by a Polish community in Turkey.

File:Polonezkoy 08859 nevit.jpg|'''Folk dance''' – some dance traditions travel with immigrant communities, as with this festival dance performed by a Polish community in Turkey.

File:Fuori asse alla seconda.jpg|A ~~ballet~~ dancer performs a ~~standing [[Splits|side split]]~~.

File:Fuori asse alla seconda.jpg|A contemporary dancer performs a tilt.

File:Breakdancer - Faneuil Hall cropped.jpg|'''Street dance''' – a [[Breakdance]]r performs a handstand trick.

File:Odissi Performance DS.jpg|[[Indian classical dance]]r

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* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Dance}}

* [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17289 Historic illustrations of dancing from 3300 BC to 1911 AD] from [[Project Gutenberg]]

~~~~

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 {{Main|History of dance}}
 [[File:Dancing painting at Bhimbetka.jpg|thumb|left|Mesolithic dancers at Bhimbetka]]
-[[archeology|Archaeological]] evidence for early dance includes 10,000-years-old paintings in [[Madhya Pradesh, India]] at the [[Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka]],<ref name="YM">{{cite book |last1=Mathpal |first1=Yashodhar |title=Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka |date=1984 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=9788170171935 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GG7-CpvlU30C&pg=PA220 |language=en}}</ref> and [[ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] tomb paintings depicting dancing figures, dated {{Circa|3300 BC}}. It has been proposed that before the invention of written languages, dance was an important part of the oral and performance methods of passing stories down from one generation to the next.<ref name="lecomte">Nathalie Comte. "Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World". Ed. Jonathan Dewald. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. pp&nbsp;94–108.</ref> The use of dance in [[Ecstasy (emotion)|ecstatic]] [[altered state of consciousness|trance states]] and healing rituals (as observed today in many contemporary indigenous cultures) is thought to have been another early factor in the social development of dance.<ref name="guenther">Guenther, Mathias Georg. 'The San Trance Dance: Ritual and Revitalization Among the Farm Bushmen of the Ghanzi District, Republic of Botswana.' Journal, South West Africa Scientific Society, v. 30, 1975–76.</ref>
+[[archeology|Archaeological]] evidence for early dance includes 10,000-years-old paintings in [[Madhya Pradesh, India]] at the [[Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka]],<ref name="YM">{{cite book |last1=Mathpal |first1=Yashodhar |title=Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka |date=1984 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-193-5 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GG7-CpvlU30C&pg=PA220 |language=en}}</ref> and [[ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] tomb paintings depicting dancing figures, dated {{Circa|3300 BC}}. It has been proposed that before the invention of written languages, dance was an important part of the oral and performance methods of passing stories down from one generation to the next.<ref name="lecomte">Nathalie Comte. "Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World". Ed. Jonathan Dewald. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. pp&nbsp;94–108.</ref> The use of dance in [[Ecstasy (emotion)|ecstatic]] [[altered state of consciousness|trance states]] and healing rituals (as observed today in many contemporary indigenous cultures) is thought to have been another early factor in the social development of dance.<ref name="guenther">Guenther, Mathias Georg. 'The San Trance Dance: Ritual and Revitalization Among the Farm Bushmen of the Ghanzi District, Republic of Botswana.' Journal, South West Africa Scientific Society, v. 30, 1975–76.</ref>
 [[File:Dancers and musicians on a Sasanian bowl.jpg|thumb|Dancers and musicians on a Sasanian bowl, Iran]]
-References to dance can be found in very early recorded history; [[Greek dance]] (''[[Choros (dance)|choros]]'') is referred to by [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Plutarch]] and [[Lucian]].<ref>Raftis, Alkis, ''The World of Greek Dance'' Finedawn, Athens (1987) p25.</ref> The [[Bible]] and [[Talmud]] refer to many events related to dance, and contain over 30 different dance terms.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kadman|first=Gurit|date=1952|title=Yemenite Dances and Their Influence on the New Israeli Folk Dances|jstor=835838|journal=Journal of the International Folk Music Council|volume=4|pages=27–30|doi=10.2307/835838}}</ref> In [[History of Chinese classical dance|Chinese]] pottery as early as the [[Neolithic]] period, groups of people are depicted dancing in a line holding hands,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.chnmuseum.cn/Default.aspx?TabId=549&AntiqueLanguageID=3002|title=Basin with design of dancers|publisher=National Museum of China|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811060221/http://en.chnmuseum.cn/(S(qskmzwqsztmrds45bof052bh))/Default.aspx?TabId=549&AntiqueLanguageID=3002|archive-date=2017-08-11|url-status=dead}} Pottery from the [[Majiayao culture]] (3100 BC to 2700 BC)</ref> and the earliest Chinese word for "dance" is found written in the [[oracle bones]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The history of Chinese dance|last=Kʻo-fen|first=Wang|date=1985|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|isbn=978-0-8351-1186-7|oclc=977028549|page=7}}</ref> Dance is described in the ''[[Lüshi Chunqiu]]''.<ref name="aesthetic tradition">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1eZuB2xwYwC&pg=PA5|title=The Chinese aesthetic tradition|first1=Zehou|last1=Li|first2=Maija Bell|last2=Samei|date=2010|publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3307-7|oclc=960030161|page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=23281|title=Lü Shi Chun Qiu|last=Sturgeon|first=Donald|website=Chinese Text Project Dictionary|language=zh|access-date=2017-05-23|quote=Original text: 昔葛天氏之樂，三人操牛尾，投足以歌八闋|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705152247/https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Primitive dance in ancient China was associated with sorcery and shamanic rituals.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schafer|first=Edward H.|date=June 1951|title=Ritual Exposure in Ancient China|journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies|volume=14|issue=1/2|pages=130–184|doi=10.2307/2718298|jstor=2718298|issn=0073-0548}}</ref>
+References to dance can be found in very early recorded history; [[Greek dance]] (''[[Choros (dance)|choros]]'') is referred to by [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Plutarch]] and [[Lucian]].<ref>Raftis, Alkis, ''The World of Greek Dance'' Finedawn, Athens (1987) p25.</ref> The [[Bible]] and [[Talmud]] refer to many events related to dance, and contain over 30 different dance terms.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kadman|first=Gurit|date=1952|title=Yemenite Dances and Their Influence on the New Israeli Folk Dances|jstor=835838|journal=Journal of the International Folk Music Council|volume=4|pages=27–30|doi=10.2307/835838}}</ref> In [[History of Chinese classical dance|Chinese]] pottery as early as the [[Neolithic]] period, groups of people are depicted dancing in a line holding hands,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.chnmuseum.cn/Default.aspx?TabId=549&AntiqueLanguageID=3002|title=Basin with design of dancers|publisher=National Museum of China|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811060221/http://en.chnmuseum.cn/(S(qskmzwqsztmrds45bof052bh))/Default.aspx?TabId=549&AntiqueLanguageID=3002|archive-date=2017-08-11}} Pottery from the [[Majiayao culture]] (3100 BC to 2700 BC)</ref> and the earliest Chinese word for "dance" is found written in the [[oracle bones]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The history of Chinese dance|last=Kʻo-fen|first=Wang|date=1985|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|isbn=978-0-8351-1186-7|oclc=977028549|page=7}}</ref> Dance is described in the ''[[Lüshi Chunqiu]]''.<ref name="aesthetic tradition">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1eZuB2xwYwC&pg=PA5|title=The Chinese aesthetic tradition|first1=Zehou|last1=Li|first2=Maija Bell|last2=Samei|date=2010|publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3307-7|oclc=960030161|page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=23281|title=Lü Shi Chun Qiu|last=Sturgeon|first=Donald|website=Chinese Text Project Dictionary|language=zh|access-date=2017-05-23|quote=Original text: 昔葛天氏之樂，三人操牛尾，投足以歌八闋|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705152247/https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Primitive dance in ancient China was associated with sorcery and shamanic rituals.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schafer|first=Edward H.|date=June 1951|title=Ritual Exposure in Ancient China|journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies|volume=14|issue=1/2|pages=130–184|doi=10.2307/2718298|jstor=2718298|issn=0073-0548}}</ref>
 [[File:Bronze Statuette of a Veiled and Masked Dancer 1.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Greek bronze statuette of a veiled and masked dancer, 3rd–2nd century BC, Alexandria, Egypt]]
 During the first millennium [[common era|BCE]] in India, many texts were composed which attempted to codify aspects of daily life. [[Bharata Muni]]'s ''[[Natya Shastra]]'' (literally ''"the text of dramaturgy"'') is one early text. It mainly deals with drama, in which dance plays an important part in Indian culture. A strong continuous tradition of dance has since continued in India, through to modern times, where it continues to play a role in culture, ritual, and the [[Bollywood]] entertainment industry. Many other [[contemporary dance]] forms can likewise be traced back to [[Historical dance|historical]], [[Traditional dance|traditional]], ceremonial, and [[List of dances sorted by ethnicity|ethnic]] dance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dance {{!}} Ministry of Culture, Government of India |url=https://www.indiaculture.gov.in/dance |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=www.indiaculture.gov.in |archive-date=2024-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730074450/https://www.indiaculture.gov.in/dance |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 [[File:Bali-Danse 0729a.jpg|thumb|upright|An [[Indonesia]]n [[Balinese dance]]r]]
-[[Dances in Indonesia|Indonesian dances]] reflect the richness and diversity of Indonesian ethnic groups and [[Culture of Indonesia|cultures]]. There are more than 1,300 [[ethnic groups in Indonesia]], it can be seen from the cultural roots of the [[Austronesian people|Austronesian]] and [[Melanesian peoples]], and various cultural influences from [[Asia]] and the west. Dances in [[Indonesia]] originate from ritual movements and religious ceremonies, this kind of dance usually begins with rituals, such as war dances, shaman dances to cure or ward off disease, dances to call rain and other types of dances. With the acceptance of dharma religion in the 1st century in Indonesia, [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhist]] rituals were celebrated in various artistic performances. Hindu epics such as the [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]] and also the [[Panji tales|Panji]] became the inspiration to be shown in a dance-drama called "Sendratari" resembling "[[Ramayana Ballet|ballet]]" in the western tradition. An elaborate and highly stylized dance method was invented and has survived to this day, especially on the islands of [[Java]] and [[Bali]]. The Javanese [[Wayang wong]] dance takes footage from the Ramayana or Mahabharata episodes, but this dance is very different from the Indian version, indonesian dances do not pay as much attention to the "[[mudra]]s" as Indian dances: even more to show local forms. The sacred [[Javanese people|Javanese]] ritual dance [[Bedhaya]] is believed to date back to the [[Majapahit]] period in the 14th century or even earlier, this dance originated from ritual dances performed by virgin girls to worship Hindu Gods such as [[Shiva]], [[Brahma]], and [[Vishnu]]. In Bali, dance has become an integral part of the sacred Hindu Dharma rituals. Some experts believe that [[Balinese dance]] comes from an older dance tradition from Java. Reliefs from temples in [[East Java]] from the 14th century feature crowns and headdresses similar to the headdresses used in Balinese dance today. [[Islam]] began to spread to the [[Indonesian archipelago]] when indigenous dances and dharma dances were still popular. Artists and dancers still use styles from the previous era, replacing stories with more Islamic interpretations and clothing that is more closed according to Islamic teachings.<ref name="Folk Dances Indonesia">{{cite web |url=http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/general/theatre.html |work=Indonesia Tourism |title=The Indonesian Folk Dances |access-date=30 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124083455/http://indonesia-tourism.com/general/theatre.html |archive-date=24 November 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+[[Dances in Indonesia|Indonesian dances]] reflect the richness and diversity of Indonesian ethnic groups and [[Culture of Indonesia|cultures]]. There are more than 1,300 [[ethnic groups in Indonesia]], it can be seen from the cultural roots of the [[Austronesian people|Austronesian]] and [[Melanesian peoples]], and various cultural influences from [[Asia]] and the west. Dances in [[Indonesia]] originate from ritual movements and religious ceremonies, this kind of dance usually begins with rituals, such as war dances, shaman dances to cure or ward off disease, dances to call rain and other types of dances. With the acceptance of dharma religion in the 1st century in Indonesia, [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhist]] rituals were celebrated in various artistic performances. Hindu epics such as the [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]] and also the [[Panji tales|Panji]] became the inspiration to be shown in a dance-drama called "Sendratari" resembling "[[Ramayana Ballet|ballet]]" in the western tradition. An elaborate and highly stylized dance method was invented and has survived to this day, especially on the islands of [[Java]] and [[Bali]]. The Javanese [[Wayang wong]] dance takes footage from the Ramayana or Mahabharata episodes, but this dance is very different from the Indian version, indonesian dances do not pay as much attention to the "[[mudra]]s" as Indian dances: even more to show local forms. The sacred [[Javanese people|Javanese]] ritual dance [[Bedhaya]] is believed to date back to the [[Majapahit]] period in the 14th century or even earlier, this dance originated from ritual dances performed by virgin girls to worship Hindu Gods such as [[Shiva]], [[Brahma]], and [[Vishnu]]. In Bali, dance has become an integral part of the sacred Hindu Dharma rituals. Some experts believe that [[Balinese dance]] comes from an older dance tradition from Java. Reliefs from temples in [[East Java]] from the 14th century feature crowns and headdresses similar to the headdresses used in Balinese dance today. [[Islam]] began to spread to the [[Indonesian archipelago]] when indigenous dances and dharma dances were still popular. Artists and dancers still use styles from the previous era, replacing stories with more Islamic interpretations and clothing that is more closed according to Islamic teachings.<ref name="Folk Dances Indonesia">{{cite web |url=http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/general/theatre.html |work=Indonesia Tourism |title=The Indonesian Folk Dances |access-date=30 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124083455/http://indonesia-tourism.com/general/theatre.html |archive-date=24 November 2010 }}</ref>
 The [[Middle Eastern dance|dances of the Middle East]] are usually the traditional forms of [[circle dance|circle dancing]] which are modernized to an extent. They would include [[dabke]], [[tamzara]], [[Assyrian folk dance]], [[Kurdish dance]], [[Armenian dance]] and [[Turkish dance]], among others.<ref name="Badley 2000. pp 391-395">Badley, Bill and Zein al Jundi. "Europe Meets Asia". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp. 391–395. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books.</ref><ref>Recep Albayrak Hacaloğlu. Azeri Türkçesi dil kilavuzu. Hacaloğlu, 1992; p. 272.</ref> All these forms of dances would usually involve participants engaging each other by holding hands or arms (depending on the style of the dance). They would make rhythmic moves with their legs and shoulders as they curve around the dance floor. The head of the dance would generally hold a [[Walking stick|cane]] or [[handkerchief]].<ref name="Badley 2000. pp 391-395"/><ref>Subhi Anwar Rashid, Mesopotamien, Abb 137</ref>
@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 [[Ballet]] developed first in Italy and then in France from lavish court spectacles that combined rhythm, drama, poetry, song, costumes and dance. Members of the court nobility took part as performers. During the reign of [[Louis XIV]], himself a dancer, dance became more codified. Professional dancers began to take the place of court amateurs, and ballet masters were licensed by the French government. The first ballet dance academy was the Académie Royale de Danse (Royal Dance Academy), opened in Paris in 1661. Shortly thereafter, the first institutionalized ballet troupe, associated with the academy, was formed; this troupe began as an all-male ensemble but by 1681 opened to include women as well.<ref name="lecomte"/>
-[[20th century concert dance]] brought an explosion of innovation in dance style characterized by an exploration of freer technique. Early pioneers of what became known as [[modern dance]] include [[Loie Fuller]], [[Isadora Duncan]], [[Mary Wigman]] and [[Ruth St. Denis]]. The relationship of music to dance serves as the basis for [[Eurhythmics]], devised by [[Emile Jaques-Dalcroze]], which was influential to the development of Modern dance and modern ballet through artists such as [[Marie Rambert]]. [[Eurythmy]], developed by [[Rudolf Steiner]] and [[Marie Steiner-von Sivers]], combines formal elements reminiscent of traditional dance with the new freer style, and introduced a complex new vocabulary to dance. In the 1920s, important founders of the new style such as [[Martha Graham]] and [[Doris Humphrey]] began their work. Since this time, a wide variety of dance styles have been developed; see [[Modern dance]].
+[[20th century concert dance]] brought an explosion of innovation in dance style characterized by an exploration of freer technique. Early pioneers of what became known as [[modern dance]] include [[Loie Fuller]], [[Isadora Duncan]], [[Mary Wigman]] and [[Ruth St. Denis]]. The relationship of music to dance serves as the basis for [[Eurhythmics]], devised by [[Emile Jaques-Dalcroze]], which was influential to the development of Modern dance and modern ballet through artists such as [[Marie Rambert]]. [[Eurythmy]], developed by [[Rudolf Steiner]] and [[Marie Steiner-von Sivers]], combines formal elements reminiscent of traditional dance with the new freer style, and introduced a complex new vocabulary to dance. In the 1920s, important founders of the new style such as [[Martha Graham]], [[Lester Horton]], and [[Doris Humphrey]] began their work. Since this time, a wide variety of dance styles have been developed; see [[Modern dance]].
 [[African American dance]] developed in everyday spaces, rather than in dance studios, schools or companies. [[Tap dance]], [[disco]], [[jazz dance]], [[swing dance]], [[hip hop dance]], the [[lindy hop]] with its relationship to [[rock and roll|rock and roll music]] and [[rock and roll (dance)|rock and roll dance]] have had a global influence. Dance styles fusing classical ballet technique with African-American dance have also appeared in the 21st century, including [[Hiplet (dance style)|Hiplet]].<ref name=kourlas>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/arts/dance/hiplet-an-implausible-hybrid-plants-itself-on-pointe.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/arts/dance/hiplet-an-implausible-hybrid-plants-itself-on-pointe.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited|title=Hiplet: An Implausible Hybrid Plants Itself on Pointe|last=Kourlas|first=Gia|date=2016-09-02|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-12-03}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 === Latin America ===
 {{main|Latin American dance}}
-[[File:HK TST night 柏麗購物大道 Park Lane Shopper's Boulevard 巴西 Brasil 森巴舞娘 Samba female dancers Nov-2010 02.JPG|thumb|left|upright=1.1| [[samba school|Street samba]] dancers perform in carnival parades and contests.]]
+[[File:Funchal, Cortejo Alegórico de Carnaval (2026) 07.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1| [[samba school|Street samba]] dancers perform in carnival parades and contests.]]
 Dance is central to [[Latin America]]n social life and culture. Brazilian [[Samba (Brazilian dance)|Samba]], Argentinian [[tango]], and Cuban [[salsa (dance)|salsa]] are internationally popular partner dances, and other national dances—[[merengue (dance)|merengue]], [[cueca]], [[plena]], [[jarabe]], [[joropo]], [[marinera]], [[cumbia]], [[Bachata (dance)|bachata]] and others—are important components of their respective countries' cultures.<ref name="Chasteen2004">{{cite book|author=John Charles Chasteen|title=National Rhythms, African Roots: The Deep History of Latin American Popular Dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yBvvvrydCNwC&pg=PR8|date=1 January 2004|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=978-0-8263-2941-7|pages=8–14}}</ref> Traditional [[Carnival]] festivals incorporate these and other dances in enormous celebrations.<ref name="MusmonHanley2010">{{cite book|author1=Margaret Musmon|author2=Elizabeth A. Hanley|author3=Jacques D'Amboise|title=Latin and Caribbean Dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIZq7jgqXE8C|year=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-60413-481-0|pages=20–23}}</ref>
 Dance has played an important role in forging a collective identity among the many cultural and ethnic groups of [[Latin America]].<ref name="DelgadoMuñoz1997">{{cite book|author1=Celeste Fraser Delgado|author2=José Esteban Muñoz|title=Everynight Life: Culture and Dance in Latin/o America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gefjk07Y9kEC&pg=PA3|year=1997|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-1919-1|pages=9–41}}</ref> Dance served to unite the many African, European, and indigenous peoples of the region.<ref name="Chasteen2004"/> Certain dance genres, such as [[capoeira]], and body movements, especially the characteristic ''[[quebrada (dance)|quebrada]]s'' or [[pelvis]] swings, have been variously banned and celebrated throughout Latin American history.<ref name="DelgadoMuñoz1997"/>{{clear}}
-== Different dance styles ==
+== Dance styles ==
-{{main|List of dance styles}}
+{{see also|List of dance styles}}{{multiple issues|section=yes|{{Unsourced section|date=March 2025}}{{AI-generated|section|date=August 2025}}}}
-{{Unsourced section|date=March 2025}}
-* [[Ballet]] originated during the Italian Renaissance and developed further in France and Russia. It is known for its graceful, precise movements, pointe work, and storytelling through choreography. Classical ballet follows strict techniques, while contemporary ballet incorporates modern influences.
+Dance is often categorized into styles, with different connotations of traditionalism and contemporaneity. Often [[genre|genres]] of dance blend together, influencing one another.
-* [[Contemporary dance]] emerged in the mid-20th century. It blends elements of ballet, modern, and jazz dance. It emphasizes fluidity, emotion, and expression over rigid technique. Pioneers like Martha Graham and Merce Cunningham contributed to its development.
-* [[Jazz dance]] is evolved from African American vernacular dance and became popular in the early 20th century. It features energetic movements, syncopated rhythms, and influences from ballet and contemporary styles. It is commonly seen in musical theatre and commercial performances.
+Dances viewed as traditional include [[ballet]], which originated [[History of ballet#Origins|during the Italian Renaissance]] and is known for its graceful, precise movements, pointe work, and storytelling through [[choreography]]. Formal social gatherings such as weddings may feature [[ballroom dance]], a style that includes forms such as the waltz, tango, foxtrot, and cha-cha, all typically performed with a partner. There are also [[folk dance]], such as Irish step dancing, Indian Bharatanatyam, Spanish flamenco, and African tribal dances.
-* [[Hip-hop dance]] emerged in the 1970s in the Bronx, New York, as a part of hip-hop culture. Styles such as breaking, popping, locking, and krumping fall under this genre. It emphasizes freestyle movements, rhythm, and personal expression.
-* [[Tap dance]] is characterized by rhythmic footwork using metal-soled shoes to create percussive sounds. It has roots in African and Irish dance traditions and became prominent in Vaudeville and Broadway productions.
+Often, a dance style will be endemic to a particular culture or subculture. This includes [[jazz dance]], evolving from [[African-American dance|African-American folk dance]], as well as [[Bollywood dance]] which mixes classical Indian dance, folk dance, and modern styles. Dance styles typically spread beyond their point of origin, as occurred with [[belly dance|belly dancing]].
-* [[Ballroom dance]] is a social and competitive dance style that includes forms such as the waltz, tango, foxtrot, and cha-cha. These dances are typically performed with a partner and emphasize posture, elegance, and synchronization.
-* [[Latin dance]] encompasses styles such as salsa, bachata, merengue, and samba. These dances are known for their vibrant, energetic movements and rhythmic footwork, often performed socially and competitively.
+Mnay dance styles originated in the 1970s, such as [[aerial dance]], [[hip-hop dance]], [[modern dance]] and [[street dance]].
-* [[Traditional and folk dance]] is deeply rooted in history and tradition. Examples include Irish step dancing, Indian Bharatanatyam, Spanish flamenco, and African tribal dances.
-* [[Modern dance]] developed in the early 20th century as a rebellion against classical ballet, modern dance focuses on self-expression, gravity, and unconventional movement. Influential figures include Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham.
-* [[Lyrical dance]] is a fusion of ballet and jazz that emphasizes emotional storytelling and fluid movement. It is often performed to contemporary music and focuses on grace and expression.
-* [[Belly dance]] originates in the Middle East and is characterized by intricate hip movements, shimmies, and undulations. It is often performed solo and has variations across different regions, including Egyptian and Turkish styles.
-* [[Street dance]] refers to urban dance styles that developed outside of traditional dance studios. These include hip-hop, house, and breakdancing, often performed in freestyle battles and social settings.
-* [[Bollywood dance]] is a vibrant fusion of classical Indian dance, folk dance, and modern styles. It is widely seen in Indian cinema and incorporates expressive gestures, energetic movements, and dramatic storytelling.
-* [[Aerial dance]] combines dance and acrobatics performed on apparatuses such as silks, hoops, and trapezes. It requires strength, flexibility, and coordination to create breath-taking performances.
 == Education ==
@@ Line 170: / Line 163: @@
 === Teachers ===
-Dance teachers typically focus on teaching dance performance, or coaching competitive dancers, or both. They typically have performance experience in the types of dance they teach or coach. For example, [[dancesport]] teachers and coaches are often tournament dancers or former dancesport performers. Dance teachers may be self-employed, or employed by [[dance school]]s or general education institutions with dance programs. Some work for university programs or other schools that are associated with professional classical dance (e.g., ballet) or modern dance companies. Others are employed by smaller, privately owned dance schools that offer dance training and performance coaching for various types of dance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dance Teacher {{!}} Berklee |url=https://www.berklee.edu/careers/roles/dance-teacher |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=www.berklee.edu |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004152125/https://www.berklee.edu/careers/roles/dance-teacher |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Dance teachers typically focus on teaching dance performance, or coaching competitive dancers, or both. They typically have performance experience in the types of dance they teach or coach. For example, [[dancesport]] teachers and coaches are often tournament dancers or former dancesport performers.<ref name=":1" /> Dance teachers need to be both generalists and specialists in dance competition styles in order to train dancers and choreograph routines that will be successful at dance competitions. Dance teachers need to study the competition circuit to organize all the logistics that are required for competing at competitions, such as finding age appropriate songs, making sure they are within the time limit, and having the minimum amount of technique tricks to compete in certain styles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Schupp |first=Karen |date=2019-04-03 |title=Dance Competition Culture and Commercial Dance: Intertwined Aesthetics, Values, and Practices |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15290824.2018.1437622 |journal=Journal of Dance Education |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=58–67 |doi=10.1080/15290824.2018.1437622 |issn=1529-0824|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Dance teachers may be self-employed, or employed by [[dance school]]s or general education institutions with dance programs. Some work for university programs or other schools that are associated with professional classical dance (e.g., ballet) or modern dance companies. Others are employed by smaller, privately owned dance schools that offer dance training and performance coaching for various types of dance.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dance Teacher {{!}} Berklee |url=https://www.berklee.edu/careers/roles/dance-teacher |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=www.berklee.edu |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004152125/https://www.berklee.edu/careers/roles/dance-teacher |url-status=live }}</ref>
 === Choreographers ===
 [[Choreography (dance)|Choreographers]] are the ones that design the dancing movements within a dance, they are often university trained and are typically employed for particular projects or, more rarely may work on contract as the resident choreographer for a specific dance company.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Risner|first=Doug|date=December 2000|title=Making Dance, Making Sense: Epistemology and choreography|journal=Research in Dance Education|volume=1|issue=2|pages=155–172|doi=10.1080/713694259|s2cid=143435623|issn=1464-7893}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=dance - Choreography {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/dance/Choreography |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004152120/https://www.britannica.com/art/dance/Choreography |url-status=live }}</ref>
+=== Studio Owner ===
+Dance studios are part of the  private sector. Dance studios typically offer classes based on what is popular in commercial dance and competition dance. The classes that are offered range from [[Hip-hop dance|hip hop]] to [[Jazz dance|jazz]] to [[Contemporary dance|contemporary]] to [[ballet]], and more. The Dance studio industry has grown by 3.8% since 2014. The industry hit 4 billion dollars in 2019.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harrington |first=Heather |date=2021-07-03 |title=Practical Resources for Dance Educators!: Navigating the Competition Dance Model |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23734833.2021.1954851 |journal=Dance Education in Practice |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=28–32 |doi=10.1080/23734833.2021.1954851 |issn=2373-4833|url-access=subscription }}</ref> As of 2017, there are roughly 32,00 dance studios in the United States.<ref name=":0" />
+=== Competition Judge ===
+Judges are dancers who have either worked professionally on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], in a [[ballet company]], or commercially. Judges come from different dance backgrounds, which causes them all to have differing opinions while judging dance routines. The judging system has been critiqued for its inconsistency, since the judges are required to translate their opinions into a numerical score. The scoring system used is based on the main components of a good competition dance. Judges provide feedback to the dancers to help them improve their technique, performance skills, and their routines.<ref name=":0" />
 == Competitions ==
-[[File:MIT 2006 Standard Prechamp Final 2.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.45|An amateur dancesport competition, featuring the [[Viennese Waltz]]]]
+[[File:MIT 2006 Standard Prechamp Final 2.jpg|thumb|An amateur ballroom competition, featuring the [[Viennese Waltz]]]]
-A '''dance competition''' is an organized event in which contestants perform dances before a judge or judges for awards, and in some cases, monetary prizes. There are several major types of dance competitions, distinguished primarily by the style or styles of dances performed. Dance competitions are an excellent setting to build connections with industry leading faculty members, adjudicators, choreographers and other dancers from competing studios. A typical dance competition for younger pre-professional dancers can last anywhere between two and four days, depending whether it is a regional or national competition.
+A '''dance competition''' is an organized event in which contestants perform dances before a judge or judges for awards, and in some cases, monetary prizes. There are several major types of dance competitions, distinguished primarily by the style or styles of dances performed. Dance competitions are an excellent setting to build connections with industry leading faculty members, adjudicators, choreographers, and other dancers from competing studios.
-The purpose of dance competitions is to provide a fun and educative place for dancers and give them the opportunity to perform their choreographed routines from their current dance season onstage. Oftentimes, competitions will take place in a professional setting or may vary to non-performance spaces, such as a high school theatre. The results of the dancers are then dictated by a credible panel of judges and are evaluated on their performance than given a score. As far as competitive categories go, most competitions base their categories according to the dance style, age, experience level and the number of dancers competing in the routine.<ref name="Schupp 58–67">{{Cite journal |last=Schupp |first=Karen |date=2019-04-03 |title=Dance Competition Culture and Commercial Dance: Intertwined Aesthetics, Values, and Practices |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15290824.2018.1437622 |journal=Journal of Dance Education |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=58–67 |doi=10.1080/15290824.2018.1437622 |s2cid=150019666 |issn=1529-0824|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Major types of dance competitions include:
+=== Competitive dance ===
+Competitions take place over the course of two to three days, where dance studios compete to win awards. Competitions happen on both a regional and national level. Dancers compete in many different styles such as [[Contemporary dance|contemporary]], [[Lyrical dance|lyrical]], [[Jazz dance|jazz]], [[Tap dance|tap]], [[Hip-hop dance|hip hop]], [[ballet]], and more. Dancers perform choreographed routines that are typically around two minutes long, and a set of qualified judges will score the routines in order to rank them.  Judges scored the routines based on four main categories: choreography, emotional execution, technique, and overall impression. Overall impression will typically include costuming, song choice, and other smaller factors.<ref name=":0" /> The purpose of dance competitions is to provide a safe, educational place for dancers. Competing gives dancers the opportunity to perform in front of an audience. Oftentimes, competitions will take place in a professional setting or may vary to non-performance spaces, such as a high school theatre. As far as competitive categories go, most competitions base their categories according to the dance style, age, experience level, and the number of dancers competing in the routine.<ref name=":0" />
-* '''[[Dancesport]]''', which is focused exclusively on [[ballroom dance|ballroom]] and [[latin dance]].
+=== Ballroom dance ===
-* '''[[Competitive dance]]''', in which a variety of theater dance styles, such as [[acro dance|acrobatics]], [[ballet]], [[jazz dance|jazz]], [[hip-hop]], [[lyrical dance|lyrical]], [[step dance|stepping]], and [[tap dance|tap]], are permitted.
+''Main Article: [[Ballroom dance]]''
-* '''Commercial Dance''', consisting of as hip hop, jazz, locking, popping, breakdancing, contemporary etc.<ref name="Schupp 58–67"/>
-* '''Single-style''' competitions, such as; [[Scottish highland dance|highland dance]], [[dance squad|dance team]], and [[Irish dance]], that only permit a single dance style.
+Ballroom became a competitive sport when the division of the World Dance Council (WDC) clarified which dances were standard ballroom dances. According to the WDC, the standard dances are the International standard Waltz, Tango, Foxtrot, Viennese Waltz, Rhumba, Quickstep, Cha-Cha-Cha, Samba, Paso Doble, and the Jive. The World Dance Council has 59 members from different countries who help to uphold the rules. The dances that are labeled as standardized have a mixture of origins from Latin and standard dances. In the 1950s, the Council began to write rules for the different styles to unify the dance styles. The rules help to clarify the stylistic movements of the body and the main steps used during each specific dance. Dancers must go through a long process to become masters of any specific style. They start as an un-classed dancer and work for years to become a Level S class, the highest international level. Dancers compete in pairs at sanctioned competitions in order to level up. Many times, dancers will have the same pair for years. The couple will receive a score as a pair, and in order to level up, the pair must place in the top three. The number of levels that they place up is based on the level of difficulty at the competition and how many people they beat. Typically, couples start at smaller local competitions in order to level up. As they get to higher levels, they begin to compete at larger competitions at a national level or international level. Typically, the pairs will travel to other countries together for one to two days in order to compete at these competitions while also still participating in school. Judges use the skating system to score the pairs. This system has eleven rules which help the judges decide who gets to move on to the next rounds. The majority of the rules are only applied for the final round to create a numerical score for each dance and to prevent ties.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Byczkowska-Owczarek |first=Dominika |date=2019-06-01 |title=Performing on the Boundary of Art and Sport: The Case of Competitive Ballroom Dancers |url=http://sreview.soc.cas.cz/doi/10.13060/00380288.2019.55.3.471.html |journal=Czech Sociological Review |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=369–392 |doi=10.13060/00380288.2019.55.3.471|doi-access=free }}</ref>
-* '''Open''' competitions, that permit a wide variety of dance styles. An example of this is the TV program ''[[So You Think You Can Dance]]''.
-*'''Olympic''', Dance has been trying to be part of the Olympic sport since 1930s.
+Other Major Types of Dance Competitions include:
+* '''Single-style''' competitions, such as; [[Scottish highland dance|highland dance]], and [[Irish dance]], that only permit a single dance style.
+* '''Open''' competitions, that permit a wide variety of dance styles.
+*'''Olympic,''' Dance has been trying to be added as an Olympic sport since the 1930s. In the 2021 summer Olympics [[Breakdancing]] final joined.
 == Dance diplomacy ==
@@ Line 202: / Line 205: @@
 [[File:Cutaway-of-a-pointe-shoe.png|thumb|[[Pointe shoe]]]]
 [[File:Pointe shoe wear.jpg|thumb|Worn out pointe shoe]]
-Ballet is notable for the risks of injury due to the biomechanics of the ankle and the toes, as the main support for the rest of the movements. With the [[pointe shoe]], the design specifically brings all of the toes together to allow the toes to be stood on for longer periods.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Fengfeng |last2=Adrien |first2=Ntwali |last3=He |first3=Yuhuan |date=2022-04-18 |title=Biomechanical Risks Associated with Foot and Ankle Injuries in Ballet Dancers: A Systematic Review |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=19 |issue=8 |pages=4916 |doi=10.3390/ijerph19084916 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=9029463 |pmid=35457783|doi-access=free }}</ref>
+Ballet is notable for the risks of injury due to the biomechanics of the ankle and the toes, as the main support for the rest of the movements. With the [[pointe shoe]], the design specifically brings all of the toes together to allow the toes to be stood on for longer periods.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Fengfeng |last2=Adrien |first2=Ntwali |last3=He |first3=Yuhuan |date=2022-04-18 |title=Biomechanical Risks Associated with Foot and Ankle Injuries in Ballet Dancers: A Systematic Review |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=19 |issue=8 |page=4916 |doi=10.3390/ijerph19084916 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=9029463 |pmid=35457783|doi-access=free }}</ref>
 There are accessories associated with pointe shoes that help to mitigate injury and soothe pain while dancing, including things such as toe pads, toe tape, and cushions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Center |first=Smithsonian Lemelson |date=2020-05-28 |title=A Better Pointe Shoe Is Sorely Needed |url=https://invention.si.edu/better-pointe-shoe-sorely-needed |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213164007/https://invention.si.edu/better-pointe-shoe-sorely-needed |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 211: / Line 214: @@
 === Eating disorders ===
-In North America, eating disorders present a significant public health challenge, with an estimated 10% of young girls affected. Those engaged in aesthetic-focused sports like dance face even greater risks due to intense pressures for a slender physique.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Doria |first=Nicole |date=January 12, 2022 |title=Dancing in a culture of disordered eating: A feminist poststructural analysis of body and body image among young girls in the world of dance |journal= PLOS ONE|volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=e0247651 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0247651 |pmid=35020720 |pmc=8754298 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1747651D |doi-access=free }}</ref> Eating disorders in dancers are generally very common. Through data analysis and studies published, sufficient data regarding the percentage and accuracy of dancers who realistically fall into unhealthy disordered eating habits or the development of an eating disorder were extracted. Dancers, in general, have a higher risk of developing eating disorders than the general public, primarily falling into [[anorexia nervosa]] and [[Other specified feeding or eating disorder|EDNOS]]. Research has yet to distinguish a direct correlation between dancers having a higher risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Studies concluded that dancers overall have a three times higher risk of developing eating disorders, more specifically anorexia nervosa and EDNOS.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Arcelus |first1=Jon |last2=Witcomb |first2=Gemma L. |last3=Mitchell |first3=Alex |date=2013-11-26 |title=Prevalence of Eating Disorders amongst Dancers: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/erv.2271 |journal=European Eating Disorders Review |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=92–101 |doi=10.1002/erv.2271 |pmid=24277724 |issn=1072-4133}}</ref>
+In North America, eating disorders present a significant public health challenge, with an estimated 10% of young girls affected. Those engaged in aesthetic-focused sports like dance face even greater risks due to intense pressures for a slender physique.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Doria |first=Nicole |date=January 12, 2022 |title=Dancing in a culture of disordered eating: A feminist poststructural analysis of body and body image among young girls in the world of dance |journal= PLOS ONE|volume=17 |issue=1 |article-number=e0247651 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0247651 |pmid=35020720 |pmc=8754298 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1747651D |doi-access=free }}</ref> Eating disorders in dancers are generally very common. Through data analysis and studies published, sufficient data regarding the percentage and accuracy of dancers who realistically fall into unhealthy disordered eating habits or the development of an eating disorder were extracted. Dancers, in general, have a higher risk of developing eating disorders than the general public, primarily falling into [[anorexia nervosa]] and [[Other specified feeding or eating disorder|EDNOS]]. Research has yet to distinguish a direct correlation between dancers having a higher risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Studies concluded that dancers overall have a three times higher risk of developing eating disorders, more specifically anorexia nervosa and EDNOS.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Arcelus |first1=Jon |last2=Witcomb |first2=Gemma L. |last3=Mitchell |first3=Alex |date=2013-11-26 |title=Prevalence of Eating Disorders amongst Dancers: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=European Eating Disorders Review |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=92–101 |doi=10.1002/erv.2271 |pmid=24277724 |issn=1072-4133}}</ref>
 ===Health benefits===
-Despite the concerns listed above, dancing has many health benefits. For example, experts have noted that dancing improves cardiovascular health, reduces stress, boosts flexibility and agility, strengthens muscles and bones, and enhances balance and coordination. Some mental and cognitive benefits include improvement of memory and cognition, challenging the brain, and reducing the risk of dementia.<ref>{{cite web|first=Steph|last=Eckelkamp|access-date=2025-06-30|title=12 Benefits of Dancing: Boost Mood, Health, and Fitness|url=https://greatist.com/health/benefits-of-dance|website=Greatist}}</ref> Dancing also helps to build self-esteem and can help to encourage social connections with peers.<ref>{{cite web|first=Leah|last=Groth|access-date=2025-06-30|title=9 Reasons Dancing Is Good for Your Health|url=https://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness-pictures/health-benefits-of-dance.aspx|website=EverydayHealth.com}}</ref>
+Despite the concerns listed above, dancing has many health benefits. For example, experts have noted that dancing improves cardiovascular health, reduces stress, boosts flexibility and agility, strengthens muscles and bones, and enhances balance and coordination. Some mental and cognitive benefits include improvement of memory and cognition, challenging the brain, and reducing the risk of dementia.<ref>{{cite web|first=Steph|last=Eckelkamp|access-date=2025-06-30|title=12 Benefits of Dancing: Boost Mood, Health, and Fitness|url=https://greatist.com/health/benefits-of-dance|website=Greatist |date=20 November 2020 }}</ref> Dancing also helps to build self-esteem and can help to encourage social connections with peers.<ref>{{cite web|first=Leah|last=Groth|access-date=2025-06-30|title=9 Reasons Dancing Is Good for Your Health|url=https://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness-pictures/health-benefits-of-dance.aspx|website=EverydayHealth.com}}</ref>
+== Dance in pop culture ==
+=== Social media ===
+Dance has become a popular form of content across many social media platforms, including [[TikTok]]. During 2020, TikTok dances were a way people stayed connected during the pandemic shutdown.<ref>{{Cite book |title=TikTok cultures in the United States |date=2022 |others=Trevor Boffone |isbn=978-1-000-60215-9 |location=Abingdon, Oxon |oclc=1295618580}}</ref> Since TikTok's debut in 2017, professional dancers in their early 20s to 30s have used the app as a way to generate a paycheck. While the majority of professional dancers are more accustomed to working in large studios, the app has introduced a more direct way for dancers to post their artistry.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Warburton |first=Edward C. |date=2022-07-01 |title=TikTok challenge: dance education futures in the creator economy |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068 |journal=[[Arts Education Policy Review]] |volume=125 |issue=4 |language=en |pages=430–440 |doi=10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068 |s2cid=250233625 |issn=1063-2913 |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2022-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045928/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
-== Dance on social media ==
+=== Television ===
-{{Undue weight|section|date=June 2023}}
+Dance Competition TV shows have increased the popularity of dance over the years. Shows like [[Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)|''Dancing with the Stars'']], ''[[So You Think You Can Dance]]'', and ''[[Dance Moms]]'' have allowed for a larger audience to understand and appreciate the artistic sport. The competition style of reality TV draws in viewer participation, which grows the audience. These shows allow for more people to understand the athletic ability required to perform these choreographed routines each week. The number of children who participate in dance has grown as the popularity of these shows has grown.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cardinal |first=Marita K. |date=2013-01-30 |title=Deciphering Dance in Reality Television: The Good, the Questionable, and the Unconscionable |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07303084.2013.744915 |journal=Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |doi=10.1080/07303084.2013.744915 |issn=0730-3084|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
-Dance has become a popular form of content across many social media platforms, including [[TikTok]]. During 2020, TikTok dances offered the opportunity for isolated individuals to interact and connect with one another through a virtual format.<ref>{{Cite book |title=TikTok cultures in the United States |date=2022 |others=Trevor Boffone |isbn=978-1-000-60215-9 |location=Abingdon, Oxon |oclc=1295618580}}</ref> Since its debut in 2017, the app has also attracted a small but growing audience of professional dancers in their early 20s to 30s. While the majority of this demographic is more accustomed to performing onstage, this app introduced a new means to generate professional exposure.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Warburton |first=Edward C. |date=2022-07-01 |title=TikTok challenge: dance education futures in the creator economy |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068 |journal=[[Arts Education Policy Review]] |volume=125 |issue=4 |language=en |pages=430–440 |doi=10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068 |s2cid=250233625 |issn=1063-2913 |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2022-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045928/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{clear}}
+=== Commercial dance ===
+Commercial dance is when dance is used as a way to sell a product, concept, brand, or celebrity. Commercial dance is used in many digital places such as [[Music video|music videos]], [[Television show|TV shows]], or [[commercials]], [[Film|movies]], [[Advertising|advertisements]], [[touring music concerts]], [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], or [[Las vegas shows|Las Vegas shows]]. Commercial dance can be any style of dance as long as it is being used to sell something.<ref name=":0" />{{clear}}
 == Gallery ==
-<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="182px">
+<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="182">
 File:Fresco Villa dei Misteri 28.JPG|A satyr dancing. A fresco from the cubiculum in the [[Villa of the Mysteries]]. From Pompeii. Date: 80 to 70 BCE <ref>{{cite web |url=https://pompeiisites.org/en/archaeological-site/villa-of-the-mysteries/ |title=VILLA OF THE MYSTERIES |website=Pompeii sites |access-date=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131085710/https://pompeiisites.org/en/archaeological-site/villa-of-the-mysteries/ |archive-date=31 January 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 File:Irish dancers in team costume, Davis Academy, USA.jpg|'''Folk dance''' – a trio of [[Irish Stepdance]]rs performing in competition
 File:TÜRKA Vanemuise suures majas -- tants Kodukotus.JPG|[[Folk dance]] in [[Estonia]]
-File:NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg|A contemporary dancer performs a stag split leap.
+File:NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg|A contemporary dancer performs a single leg stag leap or firebird.
 File:NWFusion7.jpg|'''[[Dance partnering]]''' – a male dancer assists a female dancer in performing an [[arabesque (ballet position)|arabesque]], as part of a classical [[pas de deux]].
 File:FrontAerial.gif|'''Acrobatic dance''' – an [[acro dance]]r performs a [[front aerial]].
 File:ToeRise.jpg|A dancer performs a "toe rise", in which she rises from a kneeling position to a standing position on the tops of her feet.
 File:Jitterbug Wolcott FSA.jpg|'''Social dance''' – dancers at a [[juke joint]] dance the [[Jitterbug]], an early 20th century dance that would go on to influence [[Swing dance|swing]], [[jive (dance)|jive]], and [[jazz dance]].
-File:Tanzturnier_28.JPG|Latin Ballroom dancers perform the [[Tango]].
+File:Tanzturnier 28.JPG|Latin Ballroom dancers perform the [[Tango]].
 File:Bootsa.jpg|[[Gumboot dance]] evolved from the stomping signals used as coded communication between labourers in South African mines.
 File:Harlekin Columbine Tivoli Denmark.jpg|[[Harlequin]] and [[Columbina]] from the mime theater in [[Copenhagen, Denmark]]
@@ Line 240: / Line 249: @@
 File:Belogolovtsev Abderahman.jpg|'''Stage dance''' – a professional dancer at the [[Bolshoi Theatre]]
 File:La bailaora Josefa Vargas (1840).jpg|A nineteenth century artist's representation of a Flamenco dancer
-File:Պար_Գառնում.jpg|'''Ritual dance''' – Armenian folk dancers celebrate a [[neo-pagan]] new year.
+File:Պար Գառնում.jpg|'''Ritual dance''' – Armenian folk dancers celebrate a [[neo-pagan]] new year.
 File:Samba Atlason Jakobsdottir 0509.JPG|A latin ballroom couple perform a [[Samba (ballroom dance)|Samba]] routine at a dancesport event.
-File:Polonezkoy_08859_nevit.jpg|'''Folk dance''' – some dance traditions travel with immigrant communities, as with this festival dance performed by a Polish community in Turkey.
+File:Polonezkoy 08859 nevit.jpg|'''Folk dance''' – some dance traditions travel with immigrant communities, as with this festival dance performed by a Polish community in Turkey.
-File:Fuori asse alla seconda.jpg|A ballet dancer performs a standing [[Splits|side split]].
+File:Fuori asse alla seconda.jpg|A contemporary dancer performs a tilt.
 File:Breakdancer - Faneuil Hall cropped.jpg|'''Street dance''' – a [[Breakdance]]r performs a handstand trick.
 File:Odissi Performance DS.jpg|[[Indian classical dance]]r
@@ Line 280: / Line 289: @@
 * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Dance}}
 * [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17289 Historic illustrations of dancing from 3300 BC to 1911 AD] from [[Project Gutenberg]]
-<!--spacing-->
 {{Dance|state=collapsed}}

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