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imported>Annh07 Reverted 1 pending edit by 38.248.92.115 to revision 1292686746 by Kiwipete |
imported>Kiwipete Undid revision 1355897839 by OceanHok (talk) - it's accepted practice to add a year of death without a citation |
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*[[1135]] – Three weeks after the death of King [[Henry I of England]], [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen of Blois]] claims the throne and is privately crowned [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King of England]], beginning the [[The Anarchy|English Anarchy]].<ref>{{cite book|first=C.|last=Petit-Dutaillis|title=The Feudal Monarchy in France and England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXr5AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA100|date=5 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-20350-3|pages=100}}</ref> | *[[1135]] – Three weeks after the death of King [[Henry I of England]], [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen of Blois]] claims the throne and is privately crowned [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King of England]], beginning the [[The Anarchy|English Anarchy]].<ref>{{cite book|first=C.|last=Petit-Dutaillis|title=The Feudal Monarchy in France and England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXr5AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA100|date=5 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-20350-3|pages=100}}</ref> | ||
*[[1216]] – [[Pope Honorius III]] approves the [[Dominican Order]] through the papal bull of confirmation [[Religiosam vitam]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hinnebusch|first=William A.|title=Dominican Spirituality: Principles and Practice|location=Eugene, Ore.|publisher=Wipf & Stock Publishers|date=2014|isbn=9781625644701|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dg9NBQAAQBAJ|page=44}}</ref> | *[[1216]] – [[Pope Honorius III]] approves the [[Dominican Order]] through the papal bull of confirmation [[Religiosam vitam]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hinnebusch|first=William A.|title=Dominican Spirituality: Principles and Practice|location=Eugene, Ore.|publisher=Wipf & Stock Publishers|date=2014|isbn=9781625644701|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dg9NBQAAQBAJ|page=44}}</ref> | ||
*[[1489]] – The forces of the [[Catholic Monarchs]], [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] and [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella]], take control of [[Almería]] from the [[Nasrid dynasty|Nasrid]] ruler of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]], [[Muhammad | *[[1489]] – The forces of the [[Catholic Monarchs]], [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] and [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella]], take control of [[Almería]] from the [[Nasrid dynasty|Nasrid]] ruler of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]], [[Muhammad XII, Sultan of Granada|Muhammad XII]].<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Callaghan|first=Joseph F.|title=The Last Crusade in the West: Castile and the Conquest of Granada|location=Philadelphia|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|date=2014|isbn=9780812245875|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o74FAwAAQBAJ|page=180|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Vilá|first=Jacinto Bosch|chapter=Al-Mariyya|title=Encyclopedia of Islam. Vol. IV|editor-last1=Bosworth|editor-first1=C.E.|editor-last2=van Donzel|editor-first2=E.|editor-last3=Heinrichs|editor-first3=W.P.|editor-last4=Pellat|editor-first4=Ch.|location=Leiden|publisher=E.J. Brill|date=1989|isbn=9789004081185|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPsUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA575|page=577}}</ref> | ||
===1601–1900=== | ===1601–1900=== | ||
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*[[1807]] – The [[Embargo Act of 1807|Embargo Act]], forbidding trade with all foreign countries, is passed by the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] at the urging of [[President of the United States|President]] [[Thomas Jefferson]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olson|first1=James Stuart|last2=Mendoza|first2=Abraham O.|title=American Economic History: A Dictionary and Chronology|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|publisher=Greenwood Press|date=2015|isbn=9781610696975|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZK5BwAAQBAJ|page=188}}</ref> | *[[1807]] – The [[Embargo Act of 1807|Embargo Act]], forbidding trade with all foreign countries, is passed by the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] at the urging of [[President of the United States|President]] [[Thomas Jefferson]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olson|first1=James Stuart|last2=Mendoza|first2=Abraham O.|title=American Economic History: A Dictionary and Chronology|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|publisher=Greenwood Press|date=2015|isbn=9781610696975|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZK5BwAAQBAJ|page=188}}</ref> | ||
*[[1808]] – [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] conducts and performs in [[Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808|concert at the Theater an der Wien]], Vienna, with the premiere of his [[Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)|Fifth Symphony]], [[Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)|Sixth Symphony]], [[Piano Concerto No. 4 (Beethoven)|Fourth Piano Concerto]] and ''[[Choral Fantasy (Beethoven)|Choral Fantasy]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Broyles|first=Michael|title=Beethoven in America|location=Bloomington, Ind.|publisher=Indiana University Press|date=2011|isbn=9780253357045|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LhqwwuONrgoC|page=41}}</ref> | *[[1808]] – [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] conducts and performs in [[Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808|concert at the Theater an der Wien]], Vienna, with the premiere of his [[Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)|Fifth Symphony]], [[Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)|Sixth Symphony]], [[Piano Concerto No. 4 (Beethoven)|Fourth Piano Concerto]] and ''[[Choral Fantasy (Beethoven)|Choral Fantasy]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Broyles|first=Michael|title=Beethoven in America|location=Bloomington, Ind.|publisher=Indiana University Press|date=2011|isbn=9780253357045|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LhqwwuONrgoC|page=41}}</ref> | ||
* [[1825]] – The [[Library of Congress]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], burns.<ref>{{cite web|last1=History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives|title=An 1825 Library of Congress Fire|url=http://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1800-1850/An-1825-Library-of-Congress-fire/|website=United States House of Representatives|access-date=22 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222181959/https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1800-1850/An-1825-Library-of-Congress-fire/|archive-date=22 December 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
*[[1851]] – India's first freight train is operated in [[Roorkee]], to transport material for the construction of the [[Ganges Canal]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mondal|first1=Bhaswati|last2=Samanta|first2=Gopa|title=Mobilities in India: The Experience of Suburban Rail Commuting|location=Cham, Switzerland|publisher=Springer|date=2021|isbn=9783030783495|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTw6EAAAQBAJ|page=37}}</ref> | *[[1851]] – India's first freight train is operated in [[Roorkee]], to transport material for the construction of the [[Ganges Canal]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mondal|first1=Bhaswati|last2=Samanta|first2=Gopa|title=Mobilities in India: The Experience of Suburban Rail Commuting|location=Cham, Switzerland|publisher=Springer|date=2021|isbn=9783030783495|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTw6EAAAQBAJ|page=37}}</ref> | ||
*[[1864]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Savannah, Georgia]], falls to the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union's]] [[Army of the Tennessee]], and General [[William Tecumseh Sherman|Sherman]] tells President [[Abraham Lincoln]]: "I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the city of Savannah".<ref>{{cite book|last=Reid|first=Brian Holden|title=The Scourge of War: The Life of William Tecumseh Sherman|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2020|isbn=9780195392739|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TyPdDwAAQBAJ|page=371}}</ref> | *[[1864]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Savannah, Georgia]], falls to the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union's]] [[Army of the Tennessee]], and General [[William Tecumseh Sherman|Sherman]] tells President [[Abraham Lincoln]]: "I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the city of Savannah".<ref>{{cite book|last=Reid|first=Brian Holden|title=The Scourge of War: The Life of William Tecumseh Sherman|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2020|isbn=9780195392739|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TyPdDwAAQBAJ|page=371}}</ref> | ||
*[[1885]] – [[Itō Hirobumi]], a [[samurai]], becomes the first [[Prime Minister of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Takii|last=Kazuhiro|translator-first=Takechi|translator-last=Manabu|title=Itō Hirobumi Japan's First Prime Minister and Father of the Meiji Constitution|location=London|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=978-0-41583-886-3|page=52}}</ref> | *[[1885]] – [[Itō Hirobumi]], a [[samurai]], becomes the first [[Prime Minister of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Takii|last=Kazuhiro|translator-first=Takechi|translator-last=Manabu|title=Itō Hirobumi Japan's First Prime Minister and Father of the Meiji Constitution|location=London|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=978-0-41583-886-3|page=52}}</ref> | ||
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*[[1940]] – World War II: [[Himara]] is captured by the Greek army. | *[[1940]] – World War II: [[Himara]] is captured by the Greek army. | ||
*[[1942]] – World War II: [[Adolf Hitler]] signs the order to develop the [[V-2 rocket]] as a weapon. | *[[1942]] – World War II: [[Adolf Hitler]] signs the order to develop the [[V-2 rocket]] as a weapon. | ||
*[[1944]] – World War II: [[Battle of the Bulge]]: [[Nazi Germany|German]] troops demand the surrender of United States troops at [[Bastogne]], | *[[1944]] – World War II: [[Battle of the Bulge]]: [[Nazi Germany|German]] troops demand the surrender of United States troops at [[Bastogne]], Belgium, prompting the famous one word reply by Brigadier General [[Anthony McAuliffe]]: "Nuts!"<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of the Nuts Reply |url=https://www.army.mil/article/92856/the_story_of_the_nuts_reply}}</ref> | ||
* 1944 – World War II: The [[People's Army of Vietnam]] is formed to resist [[Japanese occupation of French Indochina|Japanese occupation of Indochina]], now [[Vietnam]]. | * 1944 – World War II: The [[People's Army of Vietnam]] is formed to resist [[Japanese occupation of French Indochina|Japanese occupation of Indochina]], now [[Vietnam]]. | ||
*[[1945]] – U.S. President [[Harry S. Truman]] issues an [[executive order]] giving [[World War II evacuation and expulsion|World War II refugees]] precedence in visa applications under U.S. immigration quotas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1945: Key Dates|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/1945-key-dates|access-date=2022-01-17|website=encyclopedia.ushmm.org|language=en}}</ref> | *[[1945]] – U.S. President [[Harry S. Truman]] issues an [[executive order]] giving [[World War II evacuation and expulsion|World War II refugees]] precedence in visa applications under U.S. immigration quotas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1945: Key Dates|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/1945-key-dates|access-date=2022-01-17|website=encyclopedia.ushmm.org|language=en}}</ref> | ||
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*[[1965]] – In the United Kingdom, a {{convert|70|mph|km/h}} [[speed limit]] is applied to all rural roads including [[Controlled-access highway|motorway]]s for the first time. | *[[1965]] – In the United Kingdom, a {{convert|70|mph|km/h}} [[speed limit]] is applied to all rural roads including [[Controlled-access highway|motorway]]s for the first time. | ||
*[[1968]] – [[Cultural Revolution]]: ''[[People's Daily]]'' posted the instructions of [[Mao Zedong]] that "[[Sent-down youth|The intellectual youth]] must go to the country, and will be educated from living in rural poverty." | *[[1968]] – [[Cultural Revolution]]: ''[[People's Daily]]'' posted the instructions of [[Mao Zedong]] that "[[Sent-down youth|The intellectual youth]] must go to the country, and will be educated from living in rural poverty." | ||
*[[1971]] – The international aid organization [[Médecins Sans Frontières|Doctors Without Borders]] is founded by [[Bernard Kouchner]] and a group of journalists in [[Paris]], | *[[1971]] – The international aid organization [[Médecins Sans Frontières|Doctors Without Borders]] is founded by [[Bernard Kouchner]] and a group of journalists in [[Paris]], France.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Médecins Sans Frontières|Doctors Without Borders]]|title=Who We Are|url=https://www.msf.org/who-we-are|access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref> | ||
*[[1973]] – A [[Royal Air Maroc]] [[Sud Aviation Caravelle]] [[1973 Royal Air Maroc Sud Aviation Caravelle crash|crashes]] near [[Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport|Tangier-Boukhalef Airport]] in [[Tangier]], | *[[1973]] – A [[Royal Air Maroc]] [[Sud Aviation Caravelle]] [[1973 Royal Air Maroc Sud Aviation Caravelle crash|crashes]] near [[Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport|Tangier-Boukhalef Airport]] in [[Tangier]], Morocco, killing 106.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VI-N OO-SRD Tangier-Boukhalef Airport (TNG)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19731222-1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-21|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050421080130/http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19731222-1|archive-date=2005-04-21}}</ref> | ||
*[[1974]] – [[Grande Comore]], [[Anjouan]] and [[Mohéli]] [[1974 Comorian independence referendum|vote]] to become the independent nation of [[Comoros]]. [[Mayotte]] remains under French administration. | *[[1974]] – [[Grande Comore]], [[Anjouan]] and [[Mohéli]] [[1974 Comorian independence referendum|vote]] to become the independent nation of [[Comoros]]. [[Mayotte]] remains under French administration. | ||
*[[1975]] – U.S. President [[Gerald Ford]] creates the [[Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)|Strategic Petroleum Reserve]] in response to the [[1970s energy crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oil and Gasoline Fast Facts|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/30/world/oil-and-gasoline-fast-facts/index.html|access-date=2022-01-13|website=CNN|date=30 July 2013 }}</ref> | *[[1975]] – U.S. President [[Gerald Ford]] creates the [[Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)|Strategic Petroleum Reserve]] in response to the [[1970s energy crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oil and Gasoline Fast Facts|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/30/world/oil-and-gasoline-fast-facts/index.html|access-date=2022-01-13|website=CNN|date=30 July 2013 }}</ref> | ||
*[[1978]] – The pivotal Third Plenum of the [[11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party]] is held in Beijing, with [[Deng Xiaoping]] reversing [[Mao Zedong|Mao]]-era policies to pursue a program for [[ | *[[1978]] – The pivotal Third Plenum of the [[11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party]] is held in Beijing, with [[Deng Xiaoping]] reversing [[Mao Zedong|Mao]]-era policies to pursue a program for the [[reform and opening up]]. | ||
*[[1984]] – "Subway vigilante" [[Bernhard Goetz]] shoots four would-be muggers on a [[2 (New York City Subway service)|2]] express train in [[Manhattan]] section of New York, United States.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ron|last=Christenson|title=Political Trials in History: From Antiquity to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBdOvs2THGEC&pg=PA162|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-3125-3|pages=162}}</ref> | *[[1984]] – "Subway vigilante" [[Bernhard Goetz]] shoots four would-be muggers on a [[2 (New York City Subway service)|2]] express train in [[Manhattan]] section of New York, United States.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ron|last=Christenson|title=Political Trials in History: From Antiquity to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBdOvs2THGEC&pg=PA162|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-3125-3|pages=162}}</ref> | ||
*[[1987]] – In [[Zimbabwe]], the political parties [[Zimbabwe African National Union|ZANU]] and [[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU]] reach an agreement that ends the violence in the [[Matabeleland]] region known as the [[Gukurahundi]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-251 |title=Towards a New Partnership with Africa: Challenges and Opportunities |author2=Adebayo O. Olukoshi |author3=Lennart Wohlgemuth |author4=Nordiska Afrikainstitutet |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1998 |isbn=978-91-7106-422-6 |pages=78}}</ref> | *[[1987]] – In [[Zimbabwe]], the political parties [[Zimbabwe African National Union|ZANU]] and [[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU]] reach an agreement that ends the violence in the [[Matabeleland]] region known as the [[Gukurahundi]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-251 |title=Towards a New Partnership with Africa: Challenges and Opportunities |author2=Adebayo O. Olukoshi |author3=Lennart Wohlgemuth |author4=Nordiska Afrikainstitutet |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1998 |isbn=978-91-7106-422-6 |pages=78}}</ref> | ||
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*[[1990]] – [[Lech Wałęsa]] is [[1990 Polish presidential election|elected]] [[President of Poland]]. | *[[1990]] – [[Lech Wałęsa]] is [[1990 Polish presidential election|elected]] [[President of Poland]]. | ||
* 1990 – Final independence of [[Marshall Islands]] and [[Federated States of Micronesia]] after termination of [[Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands|trusteeship]]. | * 1990 – Final independence of [[Marshall Islands]] and [[Federated States of Micronesia]] after termination of [[Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands|trusteeship]]. | ||
*[[1992]] – During approach to [[Tripoli International Airport]], a [[Boeing 727]] operating as [[Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 1103]] collides in mid-air with a [[Libyan Air Force]] [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23]], killing 157 people.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-2L5 5A-DIA Tripoli International Airport (TIP)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921222-0|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-21|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307072731/http://aviation-safety.net | *[[1992]] – During approach to [[Tripoli International Airport]], a [[Boeing 727]] operating as [[Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 1103]] collides in mid-air with a [[Libyan Air Force]] [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23]], killing 157 people.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-2L5 5A-DIA Tripoli International Airport (TIP)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921222-0|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-21|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307072731/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921222-0|archive-date=2005-03-07}}</ref> | ||
*[[1996]] – [[Airborne Express Flight 827]] crashes in [[Narrows, Virginia]], killing all six people on board.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9705.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411233907/http://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9705.pdf |archive-date=2016-04-11 |url-status=live|title=Uncontrolled Flight into Terrain, ABX Air (Airborne Express) Douglas DC-8-63, N827AX, Narrows, Virginia, December 22, 1996|date=July 15, 1997|website=ntsb.gov|publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|id=NTSB/AAR-97/05|access-date=September 5, 2019}}</ref> | *[[1996]] – [[Airborne Express Flight 827]] crashes in [[Narrows, Virginia]], killing all six people on board.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9705.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411233907/http://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9705.pdf |archive-date=2016-04-11 |url-status=live|title=Uncontrolled Flight into Terrain, ABX Air (Airborne Express) Douglas DC-8-63, N827AX, Narrows, Virginia, December 22, 1996|date=July 15, 1997|website=ntsb.gov|publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|id=NTSB/AAR-97/05|access-date=September 5, 2019}}</ref> | ||
*[[1997]] – [[Acteal massacre]]: Attendees at a prayer meeting of [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] activists for [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous]] causes in the small village of [[Acteal]] in the Mexican state of [[Chiapas]] are [[wikt:massacre|massacred]] by [[paramilitary]] forces. | *[[1997]] – [[Acteal massacre]]: Attendees at a prayer meeting of [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] activists for [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous]] causes in the small village of [[Acteal]] in the Mexican state of [[Chiapas]] are [[wikt:massacre|massacred]] by [[paramilitary]] forces. | ||
* 1997 – [[Somali Civil War]]: [[Hussein Farrah Aidid]] relinquishes the disputed title of [[President of Somalia]] by signing the [[Attempts at reconciliation in Somalia (1991–2004)#1997 Cairo Peace Conference / Cairo Declaration|Cairo Declaration]], in [[Cairo]], | * 1997 – [[Somali Civil War]]: [[Hussein Farrah Aidid]] relinquishes the disputed title of [[President of Somalia]] by signing the [[Attempts at reconciliation in Somalia (1991–2004)#1997 Cairo Peace Conference / Cairo Declaration|Cairo Declaration]], in [[Cairo]], Egypt. It is the first major step towards [[Attempts at reconciliation in Somalia (1991–2004)|reconciliation in Somalia]] since 1991. | ||
*[[1999]] – Just after taking off from [[London Stansted Airport]], [[Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509]] crashes into [[Hatfield Forest]] near [[Great Hallingbury]], killing all four people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-2B5F (SCD) HL7451 Great Hallingbury|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991222-0|url-status=live|access-date=2020-04-19|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050310111221/http://aviation-safety.net | *[[1999]] – Just after taking off from [[London Stansted Airport]], [[Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509]] crashes into [[Hatfield Forest]] near [[Great Hallingbury]], killing all four people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-2B5F (SCD) HL7451 Great Hallingbury|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991222-0|url-status=live|access-date=2020-04-19|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050310111221/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991222-0|archive-date=2005-03-10}}</ref> | ||
*[[2001]] – [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]], political leader of the [[Northern Alliance]], hands over power in [[Islamic State of Afghanistan]] to the interim government headed by [[President of Afghanistan|President]] [[Hamid Karzai]]. | *[[2001]] – [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]], political leader of the [[Northern Alliance]], hands over power in [[Islamic State of Afghanistan]] to the interim government headed by [[President of Afghanistan|President]] [[Hamid Karzai]]. | ||
* 2001 – [[Richard Reid]] attempts to destroy a passenger airliner by igniting explosives hidden in his shoes aboard [[2001 failed shoe bomb attempt|American Airlines Flight 63]]. | * 2001 – [[Richard Reid]] attempts to destroy a passenger airliner by igniting explosives hidden in his shoes aboard [[2001 failed shoe bomb attempt|American Airlines Flight 63]]. | ||
* [[2008]] – An ash dike [[Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill| | * [[2008]] – An ash dike [[Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill|ruptures]] at a solid waste containment area for a [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] [[Kingston Fossil Plant|coal-fired power plant]] in [[Roane County, Tennessee]], releasing {{convert|1.1|e9USgal|e6m3|order=flip|abbr=unit}} of [[coal]] [[fly ash]] [[slurry]] in the largest industrial spill in U.S. history.<ref name=natgeo19>{{cite news |last=Bourne |first=Joel K. |date=February 19, 2019 |title=Coal's other dark side: Toxic ash that can poison water, destroy life and toxify people |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/02/coal-other-dark-side-toxic-ash |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219140212/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/02/coal-other-dark-side-toxic-ash/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 19, 2019 |work=National Geographic |access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref> | ||
*[[2010]] – The [[Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010|repeal]] of the [[Don't ask, don't tell]] policy, the 17-year-old policy banning homosexuals serving openly in the United States military, is signed into law by President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=J Ford Huffman|author2=Tammy S. Schultz|author3=Marine Corps University Press (U.S.)|title=The End of Don't Ask, Don't Tell: The Impact in Studies and Personal Essays by Service Members and Veterans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4s8WlVjgCjkC&pg=PT66|date=3 December 2012|publisher=Government Printing Office|isbn=978-0-16-091558-1|pages=66}}</ref> | *[[2010]] – The [[Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010|repeal]] of the [[Don't ask, don't tell]] policy, the 17-year-old policy banning homosexuals serving openly in the United States military, is signed into law by President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=J Ford Huffman|author2=Tammy S. Schultz|author3=Marine Corps University Press (U.S.)|title=The End of Don't Ask, Don't Tell: The Impact in Studies and Personal Essays by Service Members and Veterans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4s8WlVjgCjkC&pg=PT66|date=3 December 2012|publisher=Government Printing Office|isbn=978-0-16-091558-1|pages=66}}</ref> | ||
*[[2012]] – [[Bashir Ahmad Bilour]] of [[Awami National Party]] and eight others are killed in a [[Pakistan]] [[Taliban]] bomber suicide attack in Dhaki Nalbandi area near Qissa Khwani Bazaar.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.dawn.com/news/773214| title = Suicide attack kills senior minister Bilour, eight others in Peshawar| date = 22 December 2012}}</ref> | *[[2012]] – [[Bashir Ahmad Bilour]] of [[Awami National Party]] and eight others are killed in a [[Pakistan]] [[Taliban]] bomber suicide attack in Dhaki Nalbandi area near Qissa Khwani Bazaar.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.dawn.com/news/773214| title = Suicide attack kills senior minister Bilour, eight others in Peshawar| date = 22 December 2012}}</ref> | ||
*[[2016]] – A study finds the [[VSV-EBOV]] vaccine against the [[Ebola virus]] between 70 and 100% effective, | *[[2016]] – A study finds the [[VSV-EBOV]] vaccine against the [[Ebola virus]] between 70 and 100% effective, making it the first proven vaccine against the disease. | ||
*[[2017]] – [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 2397]] against North Korea is unanimously approved. | *[[2017]] – [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 2397]] against [[North Korea]] is unanimously approved. | ||
*[[2018]] – A [[2018 Sunda Strait tsunami|tsunami]] caused by an eruption of [[Anak Krakatau]] in Indonesia kills at least 430 people and injures almost a thousand more. | *[[2018]] – A [[2018 Sunda Strait tsunami|tsunami]] caused by an eruption of [[Anak Krakatau]] in Indonesia kills at least 430 people and injures almost a thousand more. | ||
* 2018 – The [[2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown]], the longest [[Government shutdowns in the United States|shutdown]] of the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]] in history, begins.<ref>"[https://millercenter.org/president/trump/key-events Donald Trump - Key Events | Miller Center]". ''millercenter.org''. 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2022-01-11.</ref> | * 2018 – The [[2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown]], the second-longest [[Government shutdowns in the United States|shutdown]] of the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]] in history, begins.<ref>"[https://millercenter.org/president/trump/key-events Donald Trump - Key Events | Miller Center]". ''millercenter.org''. 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2022-01-11.</ref> | ||
==Births== | ==Births== | ||
| Line 145: | Line 143: | ||
*[[1915]] – [[Barbara Billingsley]], American actress (died 2010)<ref name="UPI"/> | *[[1915]] – [[Barbara Billingsley]], American actress (died 2010)<ref name="UPI"/> | ||
* 1915 – [[Phillip Glasier]], English author and academic (died 2000) | * 1915 – [[Phillip Glasier]], English author and academic (died 2000) | ||
*[[1917]] – [[Gene Rayburn]], American game show host and actor (died 1999)<ref name="UPI">{{cite web |title=Famous birthdays for Dec. 22: Ralph Fiennes, Vanessa Paradis |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2022/12/22/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-22-Ralph-Fiennes-Vanessa-Paradis/3371671674066/#:~:text=Famous%20birthdays%20for%20Dec.,%2C%20Vanessa%20Paradis%20%2D%20UPI.com |publisher=[[UPI]] |access-date=21 December 2023 |date=22 December 2022}}</ref> | *[[1917]] – [[Gene Rayburn]], American game show host and actor (died 1999)<ref name="UPI">{{cite web |title=Famous birthdays for Dec. 22: Ralph Fiennes, Vanessa Paradis |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2022/12/22/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-22-Ralph-Fiennes-Vanessa-Paradis/3371671674066/#:~:text=Famous%20birthdays%20for%20Dec.,%2C%20Vanessa%20Paradis%20%2D%20UPI.com |publisher=[[United Press International|UPI]] |access-date=21 December 2023 |date=22 December 2022}}</ref> | ||
*[[1921]] – [[Dimitri Fampas]], Greek guitarist and composer (died 1996) | *[[1921]] – [[Dimitri Fampas]], Greek guitarist and composer (died 1996) | ||
* 1921 – [[Hawkshaw Hawkins]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1963) | * 1921 – [[Hawkshaw Hawkins]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1963) | ||
| Line 157: | Line 155: | ||
* 1926 – [[Roberta Leigh]], English writer, artist and TV producer (died 2014) | * 1926 – [[Roberta Leigh]], English writer, artist and TV producer (died 2014) | ||
*[[1928]] – [[Fredrik Barth]], German-Norwegian anthropologist and academic (died 2016) | *[[1928]] – [[Fredrik Barth]], German-Norwegian anthropologist and academic (died 2016) | ||
*[[1929]] – [[Wazir Mohammad]], Indian-Pakistani cricketer | *[[1929]] – [[Wazir Mohammad]], Indian-Pakistani cricketer (died 2025)<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2025 |title=Pakistan's oldest living cricket player passes away at 95 in Birmingham |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/pakistans-oldest-living-cricket-player-passes-away-at-95-in-birmingham/articleshow/124529096.cms |access-date=22 December 2025 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=English}}</ref> | ||
*[[1930]] – [[Ardalion Ignatyev]], Russian sprinter and educator (died 1998) | *[[1930]] – [[Ardalion Ignatyev]], Russian sprinter and educator (died 1998) | ||
*[[1931]] – [[Gisela Birkemeyer]], German hurdler and coach (died 2024) | *[[1931]] – [[Gisela Birkemeyer]], German hurdler and coach (died 2024) | ||
| Line 176: | Line 175: | ||
* 1940 – [[Mike Molloy]], English journalist, author, and illustrator | * 1940 – [[Mike Molloy]], English journalist, author, and illustrator | ||
*[[1942]] – [[Jerry Koosman]], American baseball player | *[[1942]] – [[Jerry Koosman]], American baseball player | ||
* 1942 – [[Dick Parry]], English saxophonist | * 1942 – [[Dick Parry]], English saxophonist (died 2026) | ||
*[[1943]] – [[Stefan Janos (physicist)|Stefan Janos]], Slovak-Swiss physicist and academic | *[[1943]] – [[Stefan Janos (physicist)|Stefan Janos]], Slovak-Swiss physicist and academic | ||
* 1943 – [[Paul Wolfowitz]], American banker and politician, 25th [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense]] | * 1943 – [[Paul Wolfowitz]], American banker and politician, 25th [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense]] | ||
| Line 227: | Line 226: | ||
* 1963 – [[Luna H. Mitani]], Japanese-American painter and illustrator | * 1963 – [[Luna H. Mitani]], Japanese-American painter and illustrator | ||
*[[1964]] – [[Mike Jackson (right-handed pitcher)|Mike Jackson]], American baseball player | *[[1964]] – [[Mike Jackson (right-handed pitcher)|Mike Jackson]], American baseball player | ||
* 1964 – [[Angela James]], Canadian ice hockey player<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.sportshall.ca/honoured-members/28388/angela-james/ |title=Honoured members: Angela James |publisher=Canada's Sports Hall of Fame |access-date=18 November 2025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104195018/http://www.sportshall.ca/honoured-members/28388/angela-james/ |archive-date=January 4, 2012 }}</ref> | |||
* 1964 – [[Simon Kirby]], English businessman and politician | * 1964 – [[Simon Kirby]], English businessman and politician | ||
*[[1965]] – [[David S. Goyer]], American screenwriter | *[[1965]] – [[David S. Goyer]], American screenwriter | ||
| Line 232: | Line 232: | ||
*[[1966]] – [[Dmitry Bilozerchev]], Russian gymnast and coach | *[[1966]] – [[Dmitry Bilozerchev]], Russian gymnast and coach | ||
* 1966 – [[Marcel Schirmer]], German singer-songwriter and bass player | * 1966 – [[Marcel Schirmer]], German singer-songwriter and bass player | ||
* 1966 – [[David Wright (politician)|David Wright]], English lawyer and politician | * 1966 – [[David Wright (British politician)|David Wright]], English lawyer and politician | ||
*[[1967]] – [[Richey Edwards]], Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1995) | *[[1967]] – [[Richey Edwards]], Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1995) | ||
* 1967 – [[Stéphane Gendron]], Canadian lawyer and politician | * 1967 – [[Stéphane Gendron]], Canadian lawyer and politician | ||
| Line 296: | Line 296: | ||
*[[2000]] – [[Joshua Bassett (actor)|Joshua Bassett]], American actor and singer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tvovermind.com/joshua-bassett/ |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Joshua Bassett |last=Hanson-Firestone |first=Dana |date=November 14, 2019 |website=[[TVOvermind]] |access-date=December 23, 2019}}</ref> | *[[2000]] – [[Joshua Bassett (actor)|Joshua Bassett]], American actor and singer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tvovermind.com/joshua-bassett/ |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Joshua Bassett |last=Hanson-Firestone |first=Dana |date=November 14, 2019 |website=[[TVOvermind]] |access-date=December 23, 2019}}</ref> | ||
*[[2001]] – [[Camila Osorio]], Colombian tennis player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/325898/camila-osorio|title=WTAtennis.com Profile: Camila Osorio|publisher=[[Women's Tennis Association]]|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref> | *[[2001]] – [[Camila Osorio]], Colombian tennis player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/325898/camila-osorio|title=WTAtennis.com Profile: Camila Osorio|publisher=[[Women's Tennis Association]]|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref> | ||
* 2001 – [[Jack Draper]], British tennis player<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jack Draperi {{!}} Overview {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis|url= https://www.atptour.com/en/players/jack-draper/d0co/overview |access-date=2025-12-27|website=[[ATP Tour]]}}</ref> | |||
*[[2002]] – [[David Datro Fofana]], Ivorian footballer<ref>{{cite web|title=David Datro Fofana|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/112581/David-Datro-Fofana/overview|website=[[Premier League]]|access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> | *[[2002]] – [[David Datro Fofana]], Ivorian footballer<ref>{{cite web|title=David Datro Fofana|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/112581/David-Datro-Fofana/overview|website=[[Premier League]]|access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
*[[2003]] – [[Joe Anders]], American-British actor<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Faye |date=May 10, 2025 |title=Meet Kate | *[[2003]] – [[Joe Anders]], American-British actor<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Faye |date=May 10, 2025 |title=Meet Kate Winslet's 21-year-old son, Joe Anders, who has scripted her Netflix directorial debut – the Titanic actress' child with ex-husband Sam Mendes wrote forthcoming film Goodbye June |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/entertainment/article/3309563/meet-kate-winslets-21-year-old-son-joe-anders-who-has-scripted-her-netflix-directorial-debut-titanic |website=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref> | ||
*[[2006]] – [[Callan McKenna]], Scottish footballer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afcb.co.uk/news/club-news/cherries-sign-young-keeper-mckenna/ |title=Cherries sign young 'keeper McKenna |date=February 2024 }}</ref> | *[[2006]] – [[Callan McKenna]], Scottish footballer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afcb.co.uk/news/club-news/cherries-sign-young-keeper-mckenna/ |title=Cherries sign young 'keeper McKenna |date=February 2024 }}</ref> | ||
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*[[1924]] – [[Karl Denke]], German serial killer and cannibal (born 1860)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl Denke born 1866 |url=https://www.denke.org/karldenkeg.htm |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=www.denke.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lutteroth |first=Johanna |date=8 April 2014 |title=Der Menschenfresser von Münsterberg |url=https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/kannibale-von-muensterberg-karl-denke-a-959424.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=[[Der Spiegel]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fuhrer |first=Armin |date=3 September 2017 |title="Papa Denke" - der beliebte Nachbar war ein Serienkiller und Kannibale |url=https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/historische-serienmoerder-teil-3-karl-denke-papa-denke-der-beliebte-nachbar-war-ein-serienkiller-und-kannibale_id_7541690.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=[[Focus (German magazine)|Focus]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Voss |first=Jens |date=15 June 2022 |title="Papa Denke": Der Menschenfresser von Münsterberg |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.de/geschichte-und-kultur/2022/06/papa-denke-der-menschenfresser-von-muensterberg |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=[[National Geographic Deutschland]]}}</ref> | *[[1924]] – [[Karl Denke]], German serial killer and cannibal (born 1860)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl Denke born 1866 |url=https://www.denke.org/karldenkeg.htm |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=www.denke.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lutteroth |first=Johanna |date=8 April 2014 |title=Der Menschenfresser von Münsterberg |url=https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/kannibale-von-muensterberg-karl-denke-a-959424.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=[[Der Spiegel]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fuhrer |first=Armin |date=3 September 2017 |title="Papa Denke" - der beliebte Nachbar war ein Serienkiller und Kannibale |url=https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/historische-serienmoerder-teil-3-karl-denke-papa-denke-der-beliebte-nachbar-war-ein-serienkiller-und-kannibale_id_7541690.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=[[Focus (German magazine)|Focus]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Voss |first=Jens |date=15 June 2022 |title="Papa Denke": Der Menschenfresser von Münsterberg |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.de/geschichte-und-kultur/2022/06/papa-denke-der-menschenfresser-von-muensterberg |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=[[National Geographic Deutschland]]}}</ref> | ||
*[[1925]] – [[Amelie Beese]], German pilot and engineer (born 1886) | *[[1925]] – [[Amelie Beese]], German pilot and engineer (born 1886) | ||
* 1925 – [[Frank Munsey]], American publisher, banker, political financier and author (born 1854)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Britt |first1=George |title=Forty Years—Forty Millions: /The Career of Frank A. Munsey |date=1935 |publisher=Farrar & Rinehart Inc. |location=New York |page=35}}</ref> | |||
*[[1939]] – [[Ma Rainey]], American singer (born 1886)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ma Rainey {{!}} Biography, Songs, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ma-Rainey |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=24 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1939]] – [[Ma Rainey]], American singer (born 1886)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ma Rainey {{!}} Biography, Songs, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ma-Rainey |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=24 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1940]] – [[Nathanael West]], American author and screenwriter (born 1903) | *[[1940]] – [[Nathanael West]], American author and screenwriter (born 1903) | ||
| Line 356: | Line 358: | ||
*[[1971]] – [[Godfried Bomans]], Dutch journalist and author (born 1913) | *[[1971]] – [[Godfried Bomans]], Dutch journalist and author (born 1913) | ||
*[[1974]] – [[Sterling North]], American author and critic (born 1906) | *[[1974]] – [[Sterling North]], American author and critic (born 1906) | ||
* 1974 – [[Carlos Alberto Sacheri]], Argentinian philosopher (born 1933)<ref>{{Cite web|title=El buen combate de Carlos Sacheri|url=http://www.laprensa.com.ar/471935-El-buen-combate-de-Carlos-Sacheri.note.aspx|website=www.laprensa.com.ar|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref> | |||
*[[1979]] – [[Darryl F. Zanuck]], American director and producer (born 1902) | *[[1979]] – [[Darryl F. Zanuck]], American director and producer (born 1902) | ||
*[[1985]] – [[D. Boon]], American singer and musician (born 1958) | *[[1985]] – [[D. Boon]], American singer and musician (born 1958) | ||
| Line 401: | Line 404: | ||
* 2018 – [[Herman Sikumbang]], Indonesian guitarist (born 1982); casualty during [[2018 Sunda Strait tsunami]] | * 2018 – [[Herman Sikumbang]], Indonesian guitarist (born 1982); casualty during [[2018 Sunda Strait tsunami]] | ||
*[[2019]] – [[Ram Dass]], American spiritual teacher and author (born 1931)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/23/us/baba-ram-dass-death-trnd/index.html|title=Baba Ram Dass, psychedelic pioneer and New Age guru, is dead at 88|author=Scottie Andrew|website=[[CNN.com]]|date=December 22, 2019|access-date=December 28, 2019}}</ref> | *[[2019]] – [[Ram Dass]], American spiritual teacher and author (born 1931)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/23/us/baba-ram-dass-death-trnd/index.html|title=Baba Ram Dass, psychedelic pioneer and New Age guru, is dead at 88|author=Scottie Andrew|website=[[CNN.com]]|date=December 22, 2019|access-date=December 28, 2019}}</ref> | ||
* [[2023]] – [[Leon Coates]], English composer (born 1937)<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2023 |title=Leon Coates obituary |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/scotland/article/leon-coates-obituary-k8hdcgpv6 |access-date=28 August 2025 |website=www.thetimes.com |language=en}}</ref> | |||
*[[2025]] – [[Chris Rea]], English singer-songwriter (born 1951)<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 December 2025|title=''Driving Home for Christmas'' singer Chris Rea dies at 74|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c8r3ne23e4go|access-date=22 December 2025|website=[[BBC]]}}</ref> | |||
==Holidays and observances== | ==Holidays and observances== | ||
| Line 425: | Line 430: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{commons}} | {{commons}} | ||
*[ | *[https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/22/ BBC: On This Day] | ||
*{{NYT On this day|month=12|day=22}} | *{{NYT On this day|month=12|day=22}} | ||
*[https://www.onthisday.com/events/december/22 Historical Events on December 22] | *[https://www.onthisday.com/events/december/22 Historical Events on December 22] | ||