August 15: Difference between revisions

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*[[1018]] – Byzantine general [[Eustathios Daphnomeles]] blinds and captures [[Ivats|Ibatzes of Bulgaria]] by a ruse, thereby ending Bulgarian resistance against Emperor [[Basil II]]'s [[Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria|conquest of Bulgaria]].

*[[1038]] – King [[Stephen I of Hungary|Stephen I]], the first king of Hungary, dies; his nephew, [[Peter Orseolo]], succeeds him.

*[[1057]] – King [[Macbeth, King of Scotland|Macbeth]] is killed at the [[Battle of Lumphanan]] by the forces of [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Máel Coluim mac Donnchada]].

*[[1057]] – King [[Macbeth, King of Scotland|Macbeth]] of [[Scotland]] is killed at the [[Battle of Lumphanan]] by the forces of [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Máel Coluim mac Donnchada]].

*[[1070]] – The [[Pavia]]n-born [[Benedictine]] [[Lanfranc]] is appointed as the new [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] in England.

*[[1096]] – Starting date of the [[First Crusade]] as set by [[Pope Urban II]].<ref>{{citation|last=Hallam|first=Elizabeth|year=1989|title=Chronicles of the Crusades: Eye-witness Accounts of the Wars Between Christianity and Islam|publisher=Bramley|isbn=9781858335896|page=63}}</ref>

*[[1185]] – The cave city of [[Vardzia]] is consecrated by Queen [[Tamar of Georgia]].

*[[1209]] – [[Albigensian Crusade]]: The [[Catharism|Cathar]] stronghold of [[Siege of Carcassonne|Carcassonne]] falls to the crusaders.<ref name=":Evans">Evans, Austin P. “THE ALBIGENSIAN CRUSADE.” A History of the Crusades, Volume 2: The Later Crusades, 1189-1311, edited by ROBERT LEE WOLFF and HARRY W. HAZARD, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1962, p. 289. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv4s7mwv.17. Accessed 26 Oct. 2025.</ref>

*[[1224]] – The [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]], a Catholic military order, [[Siege of Tartu (1224)|occupy Tarbatu]] (today [[Tartu]]) as part of the [[Livonian Crusade]].<ref>Tarvel, Enn (ed.). ''Henriku Liivimaa kroonika. Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae.'' Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1982. (in Estonian)</ref><ref>Vahtre, Sulev. ''Muinasaja loojang Eestis : vabadusvõitlus 1208–1227.''Tallinn: Olion, 1990. (in Estonian)</ref>

*[[1237]] – [[Spanish Reconquista]]: The [[Battle of the Puig]] between the [[Al-Andalus|Moorish]] forces of [[Taifa of Valencia]] against the [[~~Kingdom~~ of Aragon]] culminates in an Aragonese victory.

*[[1237]] – [[Spanish Reconquista]]: The [[Battle of the Puig]] between the [[Al-Andalus|Moorish]] forces of [[Taifa of Valencia]] against the [[Crown of Aragon]] culminates in an Aragonese victory.

*[[1248]] – The [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] of [[Cologne Cathedral]], built to house the [[Shrine of the Three Kings|relics]] of the [[Biblical Magi|Three Wise Men]], is laid. (Construction is eventually completed in [[1880]].)

*[[1261]] – [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] is crowned as the first [[List of Byzantine emperors|Byzantine emperor]] in fifty-seven years.

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*[[1695]] – French forces end the [[Bombardment of Brussels (1695)|bombardment of Brussels]].

*[[1760]] – [[Seven Years' War]]: [[Battle of Liegnitz (1760)|Battle of Liegnitz]]: [[Frederick the Great]]'s victory over the [[Austrians]] under [[Ernst Gideon von Laudon]].

*[[1824]] – The [[~~Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette|~~Marquis de Lafayette]], the last surviving French general of the [[American Revolutionary War]], arrives in New York and begins a [[Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States|tour of 24 states]].

*[[1814]] – [[War of 1812]]: British forces launch a costly and unsuccessful [[Siege of Fort Erie#British assault|night attack]] against American defenders during the siege of [[Old Fort Erie|Fort Erie]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Siege of Fort Erie|url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/war-1812/battles/siege-fort-erie|website=battlefields.org|publisher=[[American Battlefield Trust]]|access-date=August 5, 2025}}</ref>

*[[1824]] – The [[Marquis de Lafayette]], the last surviving French general of the [[American Revolutionary War]], arrives in New York and begins a [[Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States|tour of 24 states]].

*[[1843]] – The [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace]] in [[Honolulu|Honolulu, Hawaii]] is dedicated. Now the cathedral of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu]], it is the oldest [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[cathedral]] in continuous use in the United States.

* 1843 – [[Tivoli Gardens]], one of the oldest still intact [[amusement park]]s in the world, opens in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark.

*[[1863]] – The [[Bombardment of Kagoshima|Anglo-Satsuma War]] begins between the [[Satsuma Domain]] of Japan and the United Kingdom (Traditional [[Japanese calendar|Japanese date]]: July 2, 1863).

*[[1882]] – Start of the second part of the [[Montceau-les-Mines troubles]] by the [[Black Band (anarchism)|Black Band]], groups of [[Anarchism|anarchist]] miners.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Germain |first=Emmanuel |date=2012-03-02 |title=La Bande Noire : société secrète, mouvement ouvrier et anarchisme en Saône-et-Loire (1878-1887) |url=https://preo.ube.fr/dissidences/index.php?id=215 |journal=Dissidences |language=fr |issue=3 |issn=2118-6057}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Beaubernard |first=R. |title=Montceau-les-Mines: un "laboratoire social" au XIXe siècle |date=1981 |publisher=Civry |isbn=978-2-85983-024-3 |series=Pierre écrite |location=Avallon |pages=130-150}}</ref>

*[[1893]] – [[Ibadan]] area becomes a British [[Protectorate]] after a treaty signed by Fijabi, the [[Olubadan|Baale of Ibadan]] with the British acting Governor of [[Lagos Colony|Lagos]], George C. Denton.

*[[1899]] – [[Fratton Park]] football ground in [[Portsmouth]], England is officially first opened.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aroundthegrounds.org/grounds-hub/fratton-park/|title = Fratton Park the home of Portsmouth}}</ref>

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* 1939 – ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]'' premieres at Grauman's Chinese Theater in [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]].<ref>{{cite web | title= No Place Like Home: 'Wizard of Oz' premiered here 70 years ago | url= http://host.madison.com/article_5c61ec86-41d1-5eef-a2da-e2ad874a4aeb.html | date= August 18, 2009 | first= Katjusa | last= Cisar | publisher= Madison.com | access-date= October 21, 2011 | archive-date= August 25, 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170825104341/http://host.madison.com/article_5c61ec86-41d1-5eef-a2da-e2ad874a4aeb.html | url-status= live }}</ref>

*[[1940]] – An [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] submarine torpedoes and sinks the {{ship|Greek cruiser|Elli|1912|6}} at [[Tinos]] harbor during peacetime, marking the most serious Italian provocation prior to the outbreak of the [[Greco-Italian War]] in October.

*[[1941]] – Corporal [[Josef Jakobs]] is executed by firing squad at the [[Tower of London]] at 07:12, making him the last person to be executed at the Tower ~~for [[espionage]]~~.

*[[1941]] – Corporal [[Josef Jakobs]] is executed by firing squad for [[espionage]] at the [[Tower of London]] at 07:12, making him the last person to be executed at the Tower.

*[[1942]] – [[World War II]]: [[Operation Pedestal]]: The oil tanker {{SS|Ohio}} reaches the island of [[Malta]] barely afloat carrying vital fuel supplies for the island's defenses.

*[[1943]] – World War II: [[Battle of Trahili]]: Superior German forces surround Cretan partisans, who manage to escape against all odds.

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*[[1948]] – The [[First Republic of Korea]] (South Korea) is established in the southern half of the peninsula.

*[[1950]] – Measuring {{M|w|link=y}} 8.6, the [[1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake|largest earthquake on land]] occurs in the [[India–Myanmar border|Assam-Tibet-Myanmar border]], killing 4,800.<ref>{{cite web |title=M 8.6 – 1950 Assam-Tibet Earthquake |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official19500815140934_30/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=USGS |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

*[[1952]] – [[Lynmouth Flood|A flash flood]] ~~drenches~~ the town of [[Lynmouth]], England, killing 34 people.

*[[1952]] – [[Lynmouth Flood|A flash flood]] devastates the town of [[Lynmouth]], England, killing 34 people.

*[[1954]] – [[Alfredo Stroessner]] begins his dictatorship in [[Paraguay]].

*[[1959]] – [[American Airlines Flight 514]], a [[Boeing 707]], crashes near the [[Calverton Executive Airpark]] in [[Calverton, New York]], killing all five people on board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-123 N7514A Calverton-Peconic River Airport, NY (CTO) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19590815-0 |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>

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*[[1971]] – President [[Richard Nixon]] completes the break from the [[gold standard]] by [[Nixon Shock|ending]] convertibility of the [[United States dollar]] into gold by foreign investors.

* 1971 – [[Bahrain]] gains [[Independence Day (Bahrain)|independence]] from the United Kingdom.

*[[1973]] – [[Vietnam War]]: The ~~USAF~~ [[Operation Freedom Deal|bombing of Cambodia]] ends.

*[[1973]] – [[Vietnam War]]: The US Air Force [[Operation Freedom Deal|bombing of Cambodia]] ends.

*[[1974]] – [[Yuk Young-soo]], [[First Lady]] of South Korea, is killed during an apparent assassination attempt upon [[President of South Korea|President]] [[Park Chung Hee]].

*[[1975]] – [[Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]] leader [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] is killed along with most members of his family during a military coup.

* 1975 – [[Takeo Miki]] makes the first official pilgrimage to [[Yasukuni Shrine]] by an incumbent [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister]] on the anniversary of the end of World War II.

*[[1976]] – [[SAETA Flight 011 (1976)|SAETA Flight 011]] crashes into the [[Chimborazo]] volcano in [[Ecuador]], killing all 59 people on board; the wreckage is not discovered until 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Vickers 785D Viscount HC-ARS Chimborazo Volcano|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19760815-0|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-27|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109171533/http://www.aviation-safety.net~~:80~~/database/record.php?id=19760815-0 |archive-date=2005-11-09 }}</ref>

*[[1976]] – [[SAETA Flight 011 (1976)|SAETA Flight 011]] crashes into the [[Chimborazo]] volcano in [[Ecuador]], killing all 59 people on board; the wreckage is not discovered until 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Vickers 785D Viscount HC-ARS Chimborazo Volcano|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19760815-0|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-27|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109171533/http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19760815-0|archive-date=2005-11-09}}</ref>

*[[1977]] – [[Ohio State University Radio Observatory|The Big Ear]], a [[radio telescope]] operated by [[Ohio State University]] as part of the [[Search for extraterrestrial intelligence|SETI]] project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the "[[Wow! signal]]" from the notation made by a volunteer on the project.

*[[1984]] – The [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] in [[Turkey]] starts a campaign of armed attacks upon the [[Turkish Armed Forces]] with an [[1984 PKK attacks|attack on police and gendarmerie bases in Şemdinli and Eruh]].

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*[[2020]] – Russia begins production on the [[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia Fast Facts|website=CNN|date=29 October 2013|access-date=January 11, 2022|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/10/29/world/russia-fast-facts/index.html}}</ref>

*[[2021]] – [[Kabul]] [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|falls]] into the hands of the [[Taliban]] as [[Ashraf Ghani]] flees Afghanistan along with local residents and foreign nationals, effectively reestablishing the [[Afghanistan|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]].

*[[2025]] – US president [[Donald Trump]] [[2025 Russia–United States summit|meets with]] Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] in [[Alaska]], the first such summit since the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramaswamy |first1=Swapna Venugopal|last2=Vanden Brook|first2=Tom|title=Trump-Putin meeting: Sprawling Army base that has hosted dignitaries is backdrop for talks|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/08/13/trump-putin-meeting-location-joint-base-elmendorf-richardson/85639795007/|work=USA Today|access-date=18 August 2025}}</ref>

==Births==

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*[[1798]] – [[Sangolli Rayanna]], Indian warrior (died 1831)

*[[1807]] – [[Jules Grévy]], French lawyer and politician, 4th [[President of the French Republic]] (died 1891)

*[[1810]] – [[Louise Colet]], French poet (died 1876)<ref>{{cite web |title=Louise Colet ~~{{!}}~~ French writer ~~{{!}}~~ Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louise-Colet |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=26 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

*[[1810]] – [[Louise Colet]], French poet (died 1876)<ref>{{cite web |title=Louise Colet | French writer | Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louise-Colet |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=26 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

*[[1824]] – [[John Chisum]], American businessman (died 1884)

*[[1839]] – [[Antonín Petrof]], Czech piano maker (died 1915)

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*[[1886]] – [[Bill Whitty]], Australian cricketer (died 1974)

*[[1890]] – [[Jacques Ibert]], French composer and educator (died 1962)<ref>{{cite Grove |last1=Laederich |first1=Alexandra |title=Ibert, Jacques |date=2001 |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13675}}</ref>

*[[1892]] – [[Louis de Broglie]], French physicist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died 1987)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abragam |first1=Anatole |title=Louis Victor Pierre Raymond De Broglie, 15 August 1892 – 19 March 1987 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=December 1988 |volume=34 |pages=21–41 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1988.0002}}</ref>

*[[1892]] – [[Louis de Broglie]], French physicist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died 1987)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abragam |first1=Anatole |title=Louis Victor Pierre Raymond De Broglie, 15 August 1892 – 19 March 1987 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=December 1988 |volume=34 |pages=21–41 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1988.0002 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

* 1892 – [[Abraham Wachner]], New Zealand politician, 35th [[Mayor of Invercargill]] (died 1950)

*[[1893]] – [[Leslie Comrie]], New Zealand astronomer and academic (died 1950)

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* 1927 – [[Oliver Popplewell]], English cricketer and judge (died 2024)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bowcott |first1=Owen |title=Sir Oliver Popplewell obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2024/jun/11/sir-oliver-popplewell-obituary |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=11 June 2024}}</ref>

*[[1928]] – [[Carl Joachim Classen]], German scholar and academic (died 2013)

* 1928 – [[Malcolm Glazer]], American businessman (died 2014)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldstein |first1=Richard |title=Malcolm Glazer, Owner of Buccaneers and Manchester United, Is Dead at 85 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/29/sports/malcolm-glazer-owner-of-buccaneers-and-manchester-united-is-dead-at-85.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=29 May 2014}}</ref>

* 1928 – [[Malcolm Glazer]], American businessman and sports team owner (died 2014)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldstein |first1=Richard |title=Malcolm Glazer, Owner of Buccaneers and Manchester United, Is Dead at 85 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/29/sports/malcolm-glazer-owner-of-buccaneers-and-manchester-united-is-dead-at-85.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=29 May 2014}}</ref>

* 1928 – [[Nicolas Roeg]], English director and cinematographer (died 2018)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baxter |first1=Brian |title=Nicolas Roeg obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/25/nicolas-roeg-obituary |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=25 November 2018}}</ref>

*[[1931]] – [[Ernest C. Brace]], American captain and pilot (died 2014)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Douglas |title=Ernest Brace, Civilian Pilot Held as P.O.W. in Vietnam, Dies at 83 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/09/us/ernest-brace-civilian-pilot-held-as-pow-in-vietnam-dies-at-83.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=9 December 2014}}</ref>

* 1931 – [[Richard F. Heck]], American chemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died 2015)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colacot |first1=Thomas |title=Richard F. Heck (1931–2015) |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |date=21 December 2015 |volume=54 |issue=52 |pages=15611–15612 |doi=10.1002/anie.201510300|pmid=26644371 }}</ref>

* 1931 – [[Richard F. Heck]], American chemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died 2015)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colacot |first1=Thomas |title=Richard F. Heck (1931–2015) |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |date=21 December 2015 |volume=54 |issue=52 |pages=15611–15612 |doi=10.1002/anie.201510300|pmid=26644371 |bibcode=2015ACIE...5415611C }}</ref>

*[[1932]] – [[Abby Dalton]], American actress (died 2020)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Mike |title=Abby Dalton, Actress on 'Falcon Crest' and 'The Joey Bishop Show,' Dies at 88 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/abby-dalton-dead-actress-falcon-crest-joey-bishop-show-was-88-1305960/ |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=30 November 2020}}</ref>

* 1932 – [[Robert L. Forward]], American physicist and engineer (died 2002)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Benford|first1=Gregory|last2=Benford|first2=James|date=2003-08-01|title=Robert Lull Forward|journal=Physics Today|volume=56|issue=8|pages=66–67|doi=10.1063/1.1611362|bibcode=2003PhT....56h..66B|issn=0031-9228|doi-access=free}}</ref>

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*[[1943]] – [[Eileen Bell]], Northern Irish civil servant and politician, 2nd [[Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly]]

*[[1944]] – [[Dimitris Sioufas]], Greek lawyer and politician, [[Ministry of Health (Greece)|Greek Minister of Health]] (died 2019)

*[[1945]] – [[Khaleda Zia]], Bangladeshi politician, [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Khaleda Zia |url=https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/khaleda-zia |website=Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers |access-date=27 July 2021 |language=en |date=25 February 2020}}</ref>

*[[1945]] – [[Khaleda Zia]], Bangladeshi politician, [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]] (died 2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=Khaleda Zia |url=https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/khaleda-zia |website=Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers |access-date=27 July 2021 |language=en |date=25 February 2020}}</ref>

*[[1946]] – [[Jimmy Webb]], American singer-songwriter and pianist<ref>{{cite Grove |last1=Simonot |first1=Colette |title=Webb, Jimmy |date=20 January 2016 |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2289683}}</ref>

*[[1947]] – [[Rakhee Gulzar]], Indian film actress<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/features/you-will-be-amazed-to-know-the-controversial-off-screen-life-of-this-on-screen-mother/|title = You will be amazed to know the controversial off-screen life of this on-screen mother|date = 28 September 2015}}</ref>

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* 1950 – [[Tess Harper]], American actress<ref name="AP" />

* 1950 – [[Tom Kelly (baseball)|Tom Kelly]], American baseball player

* 1950 – [[Anne, Princess Royal]] of the United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web |title=Princess Anne, daughter of Queen Elizabeth II |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/princess-anne-daughter-of-queen-elizabeth-ii |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=8 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

* 1950 – [[Anne, Princess Royal]] of the United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web |title=Princess Anne, daughter of Queen Elizabeth II |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/princess-anne-daughter-of-queen-elizabeth-ii |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=8 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=25 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525133555/https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/princess-anne-daughter-of-queen-elizabeth-ii/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

*[[1951]] – [[Ann Biderman]], American screenwriter and producer

* 1951 – [[Bobby Caldwell]], American singer-songwriter (died 2023)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Alex |title=Bobby Caldwell, Silky-Voiced R&B Crooner, Dies at 71 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/15/arts/music/bobby-caldwell-dead.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=15 March 2023}}</ref>

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*[[1963]] – [[Alejandro González Iñárritu]], Mexican director, producer, and screenwriter<ref name="AP" />

* 1963 – [[Simon Hart]], Welsh soldier and politician

* 1963 – [[Jack Russell (cricketer, born 1963)|Jack Russell]], ~~England~~ cricketer and coach

* 1963 – [[Jack Russell (cricketer, born 1963)|Jack Russell]], English cricketer and coach

*[[1964]] – [[Jane Ellison]], English lawyer and politician

* 1964 – [[Melinda Gates]], American businesswoman and philanthropist, co-founded the [[Gates Foundation]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Profile: Melinda Gates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/nov/26/theobserver |access-date=13 August 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=26 November 2006 |language=en}}</ref>

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* 1981 – [[Óliver Pérez]], American baseball player

*[[1982]] – [[Casey Burgener]], American weightlifter

* 1982 – [[Germán Caffa]], Argentine footballer

* 1982 – [[David Harrison (basketball)|David Harrison]], American basketball player

*[[1983]] – [[Siobhan Chamberlain]], English association football goalkeeper

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* 1987 – [[Sean McAllister (footballer, born 1987)|Sean McAllister]], English footballer

*[[1988]] – [[Oussama Assaidi]], Moroccan footballer

* 1988 – [[Boban Marjanović]], Serbian basketball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Boban Marjanović |url=https://www.nba.com/stats/player/1626246/career |website=NBA.com |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>

*[[1989]] – [[Joe Jonas]], American singer-songwriter<ref name="AP" />

* 1989 – [[Ryan McGowan]], Australian footballer

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*[[1992]] – [[Baskaran Adhiban]], Indian chess player

* 1992 – [[Matthew Judon]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Judon |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/3961466/matthew-judon |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>

*[[1993]] – [[Rieah Holder]], Barbadian netball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Netball {{!}} Athlete Profile: Rieah Holder – Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/netball/athlete-profile-n6004125-rieah-holder.htm |website=results.gc2018.com |access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref>

* 1993 – [[Clinton N'Jie]], Cameroonian footballer

* 1993 – [[Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain]], English footballer

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*[[1995]] – [[Chief Keef]], American rapper<ref>{{cite web |last=Buyanovsky |first=Dan |date=May 6, 2013 |url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2013/05/from-the-mag-chief-keef-at-home/ |title=From The Mag: Chief Keef At Home |website=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]] |publisher=[[Townsquare Media]] |access-date=May 10, 2013}}</ref>

* 1995 – [[Setyana Mapasa]], Indonesian-Australian badminton player<ref>{{cite web|title=Setyana MAPASA I Profile|url=https://bwfworldtourfinals.bwfbadminton.com/player/77441/setyana-mapasa|website=BWF World Tour Finals|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation|BWF]]|access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref>

*[[1999]] – [[Paola Reis]], BMX rider<ref>{{cite web |title=Cycling BMX ~~{{!}}~~ Athlete Profile: Reis Paola – Pan American Games Lima 2019 |url=https://wrsd.lima2019.pe/panam/en/results/cycling-bmx/athlete-profile-n1144541-reis-paola.htm |website=wrsd.lima2019.pe |access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref>

*[[1999]] – [[Paola Reis]], BMX rider<ref>{{cite web |title=Cycling BMX | Athlete Profile: Reis Paola – Pan American Games Lima 2019 |url=https://wrsd.lima2019.pe/panam/en/results/cycling-bmx/athlete-profile-n1144541-reis-paola.htm |website=wrsd.lima2019.pe |access-date=30 May 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726120601/https://wrsd.lima2019.pe/panam/en/results/cycling-bmx/athlete-profile-n1144541-reis-paola.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

*[[2003]] – [[Juanlu Sánchez]], Spanish footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Men's Olympic Football Tournament Paris 2024: Spain (ESP) |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce158/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf|publisher=FIFA|page=13|date=27 July 2024|access-date=16 December 2025}}</ref>

==Deaths==

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* [[465]] – [[Libius Severus]], Roman emperor (born 420)

* [[698]] – [[Theodotus of Amida]], Syrian Orthodox holy man<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Jack |last=Tannous |title=Theodotos of Amid |encyclopedia=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition |editor1=[[Sebastian P. Brock]] |editor2=Aaron M. Butts |editor3=[[George A. Kiraz]] |editor4=Lucas Van Rompay |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/entry/Theodotos-of-Amid |publisher=Gorgias Press |year=2011}} Published online by Beth Mardutho in 2018.</ref>

*[[AD 767|767]] – [[Abu Hanifa]], Iraqi scholar and educator (born 699)<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.islamicinformationcentre.co.uk/alsunna.htm |title=Understanding the Ahle al-Sunnah: Traditional Scholarship & Modern Misunderstandings |last=Ammar |first=Abu |publisher=Islamic Information Centre |year=2001 |chapter=Criticism levelled against Imam Abu Hanifah |access-date=2018-06-13 |chapter-url=http://www.islamicinformationcentre.co.uk/alsunna7.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://habibur.com/hijri/150/7/ |title=Islamic Hijri Calendar For Rajab - 150 Hijri |website=habibur.com |access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref>

*[[AD 767|767]] – [[Abu Hanifa]], Iraqi scholar and educator (born 699)<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.islamicinformationcentre.co.uk/alsunna.htm |title=Understanding the Ahle al-Sunnah: Traditional Scholarship & Modern Misunderstandings |last=Ammar |first=Abu |publisher=Islamic Information Centre |year=2001 |chapter=Criticism levelled against Imam Abu Hanifah |access-date=2018-06-13 |chapter-url=http://www.islamicinformationcentre.co.uk/alsunna7.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://habibur.com/hijri/150/7/ |title=Islamic Hijri Calendar For Rajab - 150 Hijri |website=habibur.com |access-date=2018-06-13 |archive-date=2019-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728101951/https://habibur.com/hijri/150/7/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* [[778]] – [[Roland]], Frankish military leader

* [[873]] – [[Emperor Yizong of Tang|Yi Zong]], Chinese emperor (born 833)

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* 1945 – [[Fred Hockley]], English lieutenant and pilot (born 1923)

*[[1951]] – [[Artur Schnabel]], Polish pianist and composer (born 1882)<ref>{{cite Grove |last1=Glock |first1=William |last2=Plaistow |first2=Stephen |title=Schnabel, Artur |date=2001 |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.24970}}</ref>

*[[1953]] – [[Ludwig Prandtl]], German physicist and engineer (born 1875)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Busemann |first1=A. |title=Ludwig Prandtl, 1875-1953 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=February 1960 |volume=5 |pages=193–205 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1960.0015}}</ref>

*[[1953]] – [[Ludwig Prandtl]], German physicist and engineer (born 1875)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Busemann |first1=A. |title=Ludwig Prandtl, 1875-1953 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=February 1960 |volume=5 |pages=193–205 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1960.0015 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

*[[1962]] – [[Lei Feng]], Chinese soldier (born 1940)

*[[1967]] – [[René Magritte]], Belgian painter (born 1898)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wijnbeek |first1=Anneke E. |title=Magritte, René(-François-Ghislain) |journal=Oxford Art Online |date=2003 |doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T053159}}</ref>

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*[[1975]] – [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], Bangladeshi politician, 1st [[President of Bangladesh]] (born 1920)<ref>{{cite news |title=Who was Sheikh Mujibur Rahman? Architect of independent Bangladesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/who-was-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-architect-of-independent-bangladesh-sheikh-hasina-protest-unrest-resignation/articleshow/112306676.cms |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=6 August 2024}}</ref>

* 1975 – [[Harun Karadeniz]], Turkish political activist and author (born 1942)

*[[1977]] – [[Raymond A. Palmer]], American author and magazine editor (born 1910)<ref>{{cite book|last=Toronto|first=Richard|title=War Over Lemuria: Richard Shaver, Ray Palmer and the Strangest Chapter of 1940s Science Fiction|location=Jefferson, NC|publisher=McFarland & Co.|date=2013|isbn=9780786473076|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mMtqtZMoNYC|page=241}}</ref>

*[[1981]] – [[Carol Ryrie Brink]], American author (born 1895)<ref>{{cite book|first1=Bernice E.|last1=Cullinan|first2=Diane Goetz|last2=Person|title=The Continuum Encyclopedia of Children's Literature|location=New York|publisher=Continuum|year=2005|page=112|isbn=978-0-82641-778-7}}</ref>

* 1981 – [[Jørgen Løvset]], Norwegian gynaecologist and academic (born 1896)

*[[1982]] – [[Ernie Bushmiller]], American cartoonist (born 1905)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Daley |first1=Suzanne |title=ERNIE BUSHMILLER, 76, IS DEAD; DREW 'NANCY' FOR HALF CENTURY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/17/obituaries/ernie-bushmiller-76-is-dead-drew-nancy-for-half-century.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=17 August 1982}}</ref>

* 1982 – [[Jock Taylor]], Scottish motorcycle sidecar racer (born 1954)<ref>{{cite news |title=Motorcyclist Dies Of Crash Injuries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/16/sports/motorcyclist-dies-of-crash-injuries.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=16 August 1982}}</ref>

* 1982 – [[Hugo Theorell]], Swedish biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1903)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dalziel |first1=Keith |title=Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell, 6 July 1903 - 15 August 1982 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=November 1983 |volume=29 |pages=584–621 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1983.0021}}</ref>

* 1982 – [[Hugo Theorell]], Swedish biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1903)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dalziel |first1=Keith |title=Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell, 6 July 1903 - 15 August 1982 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=November 1983 |volume=29 |pages=584–621 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1983.0021 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

*[[1989]] – [[Minoru Genda]], Japanese general, pilot, and politician (born 1904)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flint |first1=Peter B. |title=GENERAL MINORU GENDA, 84, DIES: PLANNED ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/17/obituaries/general-minoru-genda-84-dies-planned-attack-on-pearl-harbor.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=17 August 1989}}</ref>

* 1989 – [[Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos]], Greek general and diplomat (born 1897)

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* 2004 – [[Amarsinh Chaudhary]], Indian politician, 8th [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] (born 1941)<ref>{{cite news |title=Cong leader Amarsinh Chaudhary dead |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cong-leader-amarsinh-chaudhary-dead/articleshow/815802.cms |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |agency=PTI |date=15 August 2004}}</ref>

*[[2005]] – [[Bendapudi Venkata Satyanarayana]], Indian dermatologist and academic (born 1927)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=G. Raghurama |title=Obituary-Prof. Dr. BV Satyanarayana (30-1-1927-15-8-2005). |journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology |date=Nov–Dec 2005 |volume=71 |issue=6 |page=454}}</ref>

*[[2006]] – [[Te Atairangikaahu]], New Zealand queen (born 1931)<ref>{{cite news |title=Dame Te Atairangikaahu |url=https://www.economist.com/obituary/2006/08/31/dame-te-atairangikaahu |access-date=14 August 2024 |newspaper=The Economist |date=31 August 2006}}</ref>

*[[2006]] – [[Te Atairangikaahu]], New Zealand Māori queen (born 1931)<ref>{{cite news |title=Dame Te Atairangikaahu |url=https://www.economist.com/obituary/2006/08/31/dame-te-atairangikaahu |access-date=14 August 2024 |newspaper=The Economist |date=31 August 2006}}</ref>

* 2006 – [[Rick Bourke]], Australian rugby league player (born 1955)

* 2006 – [[Coenraad Bron]], Dutch computer scientist and academic (born 1937)

* 2006 – [[Faas Wilkes]], Dutch footballer and manager (born 1923)

*[[2007]] – [[Richard Bradshaw (conductor)|Richard Bradshaw]], English conductor and director (born 1944)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Millington |first1=Barry |title=Richard Bradshaw |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/aug/29/guardianobituaries.obituaries |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=29 August 2007}}</ref>

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*** Feast of the [[Dormition of the Theotokos]] ([[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy|Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches]])

*** [[Ferragosto]] ([[Italy]])

*** [[Lady Day|Lady's Day]] ([[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]])

*** [[Māras]] ([[Latvia]])

*** [[Mother's Day]] ([[Antwerp]] and [[Costa Rica]])

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* The main day of [[Bon Festival]] ([[Japan]]), and its related observances:

** [[Awa Dance Festival]] ([[Tokushima Prefecture]])

* [[Victory Day (Taliban)|Victory Day]] (Afghanistan), celebrating the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|2021 Fall of Kabul]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/taliban-announce-public-holiday-in-afghanistan-to-mark-retaking-of-power-/6701102.html|title=Taliban Announce Public Holiday in Afghanistan to Mark Retaking of Power|language=en|date=14 August 2022|access-date=19 August 2025|work=[[Voice of America]]|first1=Ayaz|last1=Gul|location=[[Islamabad]], Pakistan}}</ref>

* [[Victory over Japan Day]] (United Kingdom), and its related observances:

** [[Shūsen-kinenbi|End-of-war Memorial Day]], when the [[National Memorial Service for War Dead]] is held ([[Japan]])

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==External links==

* {{cite web |url=~~http~~://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/15 |title=On This Day |publisher=BBC}}

* {{cite web |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/15/ |title=On This Day |publisher=BBC}}

* {{NYT On this day|month=08|day=15}}

* {{cite web |url=https://www.onthisday.com/events/august/15 |title=Historical Events on August 15 |publisher=OnThisDay.com}}

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 *[[1018]] &ndash; Byzantine general [[Eustathios Daphnomeles]] blinds and captures [[Ivats|Ibatzes of Bulgaria]] by a ruse, thereby ending Bulgarian resistance against Emperor [[Basil II]]'s [[Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria|conquest of Bulgaria]].
 *[[1038]] &ndash; King [[Stephen I of Hungary|Stephen I]], the first king of Hungary, dies; his nephew, [[Peter Orseolo]], succeeds him.
-*[[1057]] &ndash; King [[Macbeth, King of Scotland|Macbeth]] is killed at the [[Battle of Lumphanan]] by the forces of [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Máel Coluim mac Donnchada]].
+*[[1057]] &ndash; King [[Macbeth, King of Scotland|Macbeth]] of [[Scotland]] is killed at the [[Battle of Lumphanan]] by the forces of [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Máel Coluim mac Donnchada]].
 *[[1070]] &ndash; The [[Pavia]]n-born [[Benedictine]] [[Lanfranc]] is appointed as the new [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] in England.
 *[[1096]] &ndash; Starting date of the [[First Crusade]] as set by [[Pope Urban II]].<ref>{{citation|last=Hallam|first=Elizabeth|year=1989|title=Chronicles of the Crusades: Eye-witness Accounts of the Wars Between Christianity and Islam|publisher=Bramley|isbn=9781858335896|page=63}}</ref>
 *[[1185]] &ndash; The cave city of [[Vardzia]] is consecrated by Queen [[Tamar of Georgia]].
+*[[1209]] &ndash; [[Albigensian Crusade]]: The [[Catharism|Cathar]] stronghold of [[Siege of Carcassonne|Carcassonne]] falls to the crusaders.<ref name=":Evans">Evans, Austin P. “THE ALBIGENSIAN CRUSADE.” A History of the Crusades, Volume 2: The Later Crusades, 1189-1311, edited by ROBERT LEE WOLFF and HARRY W. HAZARD, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1962, p. 289. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv4s7mwv.17. Accessed 26 Oct. 2025.</ref>
 *[[1224]] &ndash; The [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]], a Catholic military order, [[Siege of Tartu (1224)|occupy Tarbatu]] (today [[Tartu]]) as part of the [[Livonian Crusade]].<ref>Tarvel, Enn (ed.). ''Henriku Liivimaa kroonika. Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae.'' Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1982. (in Estonian)</ref><ref>Vahtre, Sulev. ''Muinasaja loojang Eestis : vabadusvõitlus 1208–1227.''Tallinn: Olion, 1990. (in Estonian)</ref>
-*[[1237]] &ndash; [[Spanish Reconquista]]: The [[Battle of the Puig]] between the [[Al-Andalus|Moorish]] forces of [[Taifa of Valencia]] against the [[Kingdom of Aragon]] culminates in an Aragonese victory.
+*[[1237]] &ndash; [[Spanish Reconquista]]: The [[Battle of the Puig]] between the [[Al-Andalus|Moorish]] forces of [[Taifa of Valencia]] against the [[Crown of Aragon]] culminates in an Aragonese victory.
 *[[1248]] &ndash; The [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] of [[Cologne Cathedral]], built to house the [[Shrine of the Three Kings|relics]] of the [[Biblical Magi|Three Wise Men]], is laid. (Construction is eventually completed in [[1880]].)
 *[[1261]] &ndash; [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] is crowned as the first [[List of Byzantine emperors|Byzantine emperor]] in fifty-seven years.
@@ Line 44: / Line 45: @@
 *[[1695]] &ndash; French forces end the [[Bombardment of Brussels (1695)|bombardment of Brussels]].
 *[[1760]] &ndash; [[Seven Years' War]]: [[Battle of Liegnitz (1760)|Battle of Liegnitz]]: [[Frederick the Great]]'s victory over the [[Austrians]] under [[Ernst Gideon von Laudon]].
-*[[1824]] &ndash; The [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette|Marquis de Lafayette]], the last surviving French general of the [[American Revolutionary War]], arrives in New York and begins a [[Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States|tour of 24 states]].
+*[[1814]] &ndash; [[War of 1812]]: British forces launch a costly and unsuccessful [[Siege of Fort Erie#British assault|night attack]] against American defenders during the siege of [[Old Fort Erie|Fort Erie]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Siege of Fort Erie|url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/war-1812/battles/siege-fort-erie|website=battlefields.org|publisher=[[American Battlefield Trust]]|access-date=August 5, 2025}}</ref>
+*[[1824]] &ndash; The [[Marquis de Lafayette]], the last surviving French general of the [[American Revolutionary War]], arrives in New York and begins a [[Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States|tour of 24 states]].
 *[[1843]] &ndash; The [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace]] in [[Honolulu|Honolulu, Hawaii]] is dedicated. Now the cathedral of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu]], it is the oldest [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[cathedral]] in continuous use in the United States.
 *  1843   &ndash; [[Tivoli Gardens]], one of the oldest still intact [[amusement park]]s in the world, opens in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark.
 *[[1863]] &ndash; The [[Bombardment of Kagoshima|Anglo-Satsuma War]] begins between the [[Satsuma Domain]] of Japan and the United Kingdom (Traditional [[Japanese calendar|Japanese date]]: July 2, 1863).
+*[[1882]] &ndash; Start of the second part of the [[Montceau-les-Mines troubles]] by the [[Black Band (anarchism)|Black Band]], groups of [[Anarchism|anarchist]] miners.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Germain |first=Emmanuel |date=2012-03-02 |title=La Bande Noire : société secrète, mouvement ouvrier et anarchisme en Saône-et-Loire (1878-1887) |url=https://preo.ube.fr/dissidences/index.php?id=215 |journal=Dissidences |language=fr |issue=3 |issn=2118-6057}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Beaubernard |first=R. |title=Montceau-les-Mines: un "laboratoire social" au XIXe siècle |date=1981 |publisher=Civry |isbn=978-2-85983-024-3 |series=Pierre écrite |location=Avallon |pages=130-150}}</ref>
 *[[1893]] &ndash; [[Ibadan]] area becomes a British [[Protectorate]] after a treaty signed by Fijabi, the [[Olubadan|Baale of Ibadan]] with the British acting Governor of [[Lagos Colony|Lagos]], George C. Denton.
 *[[1899]] &ndash; [[Fratton Park]] football ground in [[Portsmouth]], England is officially first opened.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aroundthegrounds.org/grounds-hub/fratton-park/|title = Fratton Park the home of Portsmouth}}</ref>
@@ Line 63: / Line 66: @@
 *  1939   &ndash; ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]'' premieres at Grauman's Chinese Theater in [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]].<ref>{{cite web | title= No Place Like Home: 'Wizard of Oz' premiered here 70 years ago | url= http://host.madison.com/article_5c61ec86-41d1-5eef-a2da-e2ad874a4aeb.html | date= August 18, 2009 | first= Katjusa | last= Cisar | publisher= Madison.com | access-date= October 21, 2011 | archive-date= August 25, 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170825104341/http://host.madison.com/article_5c61ec86-41d1-5eef-a2da-e2ad874a4aeb.html | url-status= live }}</ref>
 *[[1940]] &ndash; An [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] submarine torpedoes and sinks the {{ship|Greek cruiser|Elli|1912|6}} at [[Tinos]] harbor during peacetime, marking the most serious Italian provocation prior to the outbreak of the [[Greco-Italian War]] in October.
-*[[1941]] &ndash; Corporal [[Josef Jakobs]] is executed by firing squad at the [[Tower of London]] at 07:12, making him the last person to be executed at the Tower for [[espionage]].
+*[[1941]] &ndash; Corporal [[Josef Jakobs]] is executed by firing squad for [[espionage]] at the [[Tower of London]] at 07:12, making him the last person to be executed at the Tower.
 *[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Operation Pedestal]]: The oil tanker {{SS|Ohio}} reaches the island of [[Malta]] barely afloat carrying vital fuel supplies for the island's defenses.
 *[[1943]] &ndash; World War II:  [[Battle of Trahili]]: Superior German forces surround Cretan partisans, who manage to escape against all odds.
@@ Line 72: / Line 75: @@
 *[[1948]] &ndash; The [[First Republic of Korea]] (South Korea) is established in the southern half of the peninsula.
 *[[1950]] &ndash; Measuring {{M|w|link=y}} 8.6, the [[1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake|largest earthquake on land]] occurs in the [[India–Myanmar border|Assam-Tibet-Myanmar border]], killing 4,800.<ref>{{cite web |title=M 8.6 – 1950 Assam-Tibet Earthquake |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official19500815140934_30/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=USGS |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>
-*[[1952]] &ndash; [[Lynmouth Flood|A flash flood]] drenches the town of [[Lynmouth]], England, killing 34 people.
+*[[1952]] &ndash; [[Lynmouth Flood|A flash flood]] devastates the town of [[Lynmouth]], England, killing 34 people.
 *[[1954]] &ndash; [[Alfredo Stroessner]] begins his dictatorship in [[Paraguay]].
 *[[1959]] &ndash; [[American Airlines Flight 514]], a [[Boeing 707]], crashes near the [[Calverton Executive Airpark]] in [[Calverton, New York]], killing all five people on board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-123 N7514A Calverton-Peconic River Airport, NY (CTO) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19590815-0 |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
@@ Line 85: / Line 88: @@
 *[[1971]] &ndash; President [[Richard Nixon]] completes the break from the [[gold standard]] by [[Nixon Shock|ending]] convertibility of the [[United States dollar]] into gold by foreign investors.
 *  1971   &ndash; [[Bahrain]] gains [[Independence Day (Bahrain)|independence]] from the United Kingdom.
-*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: The USAF [[Operation Freedom Deal|bombing of Cambodia]] ends.
+*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: The US Air Force [[Operation Freedom Deal|bombing of Cambodia]] ends.
 *[[1974]] &ndash; [[Yuk Young-soo]], [[First Lady]] of South Korea, is killed during an apparent assassination attempt upon [[President of South Korea|President]] [[Park Chung Hee]].
 *[[1975]] &ndash; [[Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]] leader [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] is killed along with most members of his family during a military coup.
 *  1975   &ndash; [[Takeo Miki]] makes the first official pilgrimage to [[Yasukuni Shrine]] by an incumbent [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister]] on the anniversary of the end of World War II.
-*[[1976]] &ndash; [[SAETA Flight 011 (1976)|SAETA Flight 011]] crashes into the [[Chimborazo]] volcano in [[Ecuador]], killing all 59 people on board; the wreckage is not discovered until 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Vickers 785D Viscount HC-ARS Chimborazo Volcano|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19760815-0|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-27|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109171533/http://www.aviation-safety.net:80/database/record.php?id=19760815-0 |archive-date=2005-11-09 }}</ref>
+*[[1976]] &ndash; [[SAETA Flight 011 (1976)|SAETA Flight 011]] crashes into the [[Chimborazo]] volcano in [[Ecuador]], killing all 59 people on board; the wreckage is not discovered until 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Vickers 785D Viscount HC-ARS Chimborazo Volcano|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19760815-0|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-27|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109171533/http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19760815-0|archive-date=2005-11-09}}</ref>
 *[[1977]] &ndash; [[Ohio State University Radio Observatory|The Big Ear]], a [[radio telescope]] operated by [[Ohio State University]] as part of the [[Search for extraterrestrial intelligence|SETI]] project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the "[[Wow! signal]]" from the notation made by a volunteer on the project.
 *[[1984]] &ndash; The [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] in [[Turkey]] starts a campaign of armed attacks upon the [[Turkish Armed Forces]] with an [[1984 PKK attacks|attack on police and gendarmerie bases in Şemdinli and Eruh]].
@@ Line 107: / Line 110: @@
 *[[2020]] &ndash; Russia begins production on the [[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia Fast Facts|website=CNN|date=29 October 2013|access-date=January 11, 2022|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/10/29/world/russia-fast-facts/index.html}}</ref>
 *[[2021]] &ndash; [[Kabul]] [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|falls]] into the hands of the [[Taliban]] as [[Ashraf Ghani]] flees Afghanistan along with local residents and foreign nationals, effectively reestablishing the [[Afghanistan|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]].
+*[[2025]] &ndash; US president [[Donald Trump]] [[2025 Russia–United States summit|meets with]] Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] in [[Alaska]], the first such summit since the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramaswamy |first1=Swapna Venugopal|last2=Vanden Brook|first2=Tom|title=Trump-Putin meeting: Sprawling Army base that has hosted dignitaries is backdrop for talks|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/08/13/trump-putin-meeting-location-joint-base-elmendorf-richardson/85639795007/|work=USA Today|access-date=18 August 2025}}</ref>
 ==Births==
@@ Line 136: / Line 140: @@
 *[[1798]] &ndash; [[Sangolli Rayanna]], Indian warrior (died 1831)
 *[[1807]] &ndash; [[Jules Grévy]], French lawyer and politician, 4th [[President of the French Republic]] (died 1891)
-*[[1810]] &ndash; [[Louise Colet]], French poet (died 1876)<ref>{{cite web |title=Louise Colet {{!}} French writer {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louise-Colet |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=26 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
+*[[1810]] &ndash; [[Louise Colet]], French poet (died 1876)<ref>{{cite web |title=Louise Colet &#124; French writer &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louise-Colet |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=26 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
 *[[1824]] &ndash; [[John Chisum]], American businessman (died 1884)
 *[[1839]] &ndash; [[Antonín Petrof]], Czech piano maker (died 1915)
@@ Line 162: / Line 166: @@
 *[[1886]] &ndash; [[Bill Whitty]], Australian cricketer (died 1974)
 *[[1890]] &ndash; [[Jacques Ibert]], French composer and educator (died 1962)<ref>{{cite Grove |last1=Laederich |first1=Alexandra |title=Ibert, Jacques |date=2001 |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13675}}</ref>
-*[[1892]] &ndash; [[Louis de Broglie]], French physicist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died 1987)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abragam |first1=Anatole |title=Louis Victor Pierre Raymond De Broglie, 15 August 1892 – 19 March 1987 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=December 1988 |volume=34 |pages=21–41 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1988.0002}}</ref>
+*[[1892]] &ndash; [[Louis de Broglie]], French physicist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died 1987)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abragam |first1=Anatole |title=Louis Victor Pierre Raymond De Broglie, 15 August 1892 – 19 March 1987 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=December 1988 |volume=34 |pages=21–41 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1988.0002 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
 *  1892   &ndash; [[Abraham Wachner]], New Zealand politician, 35th [[Mayor of Invercargill]] (died 1950)
 *[[1893]] &ndash; [[Leslie Comrie]], New Zealand astronomer and academic (died 1950)
@@ Line 210: / Line 214: @@
 *  1927   &ndash; [[Oliver Popplewell]], English cricketer and judge (died 2024)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bowcott |first1=Owen |title=Sir Oliver Popplewell obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2024/jun/11/sir-oliver-popplewell-obituary |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=11 June 2024}}</ref>
 *[[1928]] &ndash; [[Carl Joachim Classen]], German scholar and academic (died 2013)
-*  1928   &ndash; [[Malcolm Glazer]], American businessman (died 2014)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldstein |first1=Richard |title=Malcolm Glazer, Owner of Buccaneers and Manchester United, Is Dead at 85 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/29/sports/malcolm-glazer-owner-of-buccaneers-and-manchester-united-is-dead-at-85.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=29 May 2014}}</ref>
+*  1928   &ndash; [[Malcolm Glazer]], American businessman and sports team owner (died 2014)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldstein |first1=Richard |title=Malcolm Glazer, Owner of Buccaneers and Manchester United, Is Dead at 85 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/29/sports/malcolm-glazer-owner-of-buccaneers-and-manchester-united-is-dead-at-85.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=29 May 2014}}</ref>
 *  1928   &ndash; [[Nicolas Roeg]], English director and cinematographer (died 2018)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baxter |first1=Brian |title=Nicolas Roeg obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/25/nicolas-roeg-obituary |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=25 November 2018}}</ref>
 *[[1931]] &ndash; [[Ernest C. Brace]], American captain and pilot (died 2014)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Douglas |title=Ernest Brace, Civilian Pilot Held as P.O.W. in Vietnam, Dies at 83 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/09/us/ernest-brace-civilian-pilot-held-as-pow-in-vietnam-dies-at-83.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=9 December 2014}}</ref>
-*  1931   &ndash; [[Richard F. Heck]], American chemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died 2015)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colacot |first1=Thomas |title=Richard F. Heck (1931–2015) |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |date=21 December 2015 |volume=54 |issue=52 |pages=15611–15612 |doi=10.1002/anie.201510300|pmid=26644371 }}</ref>
+*  1931   &ndash; [[Richard F. Heck]], American chemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died 2015)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colacot |first1=Thomas |title=Richard F. Heck (1931–2015) |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |date=21 December 2015 |volume=54 |issue=52 |pages=15611–15612 |doi=10.1002/anie.201510300|pmid=26644371 |bibcode=2015ACIE...5415611C }}</ref>
 *[[1932]] &ndash; [[Abby Dalton]], American actress (died 2020)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Mike |title=Abby Dalton, Actress on 'Falcon Crest' and 'The Joey Bishop Show,' Dies at 88 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/abby-dalton-dead-actress-falcon-crest-joey-bishop-show-was-88-1305960/ |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=30 November 2020}}</ref>
 *  1932   &ndash; [[Robert L. Forward]], American physicist and engineer (died 2002)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Benford|first1=Gregory|last2=Benford|first2=James|date=2003-08-01|title=Robert Lull Forward|journal=Physics Today|volume=56|issue=8|pages=66–67|doi=10.1063/1.1611362|bibcode=2003PhT....56h..66B|issn=0031-9228|doi-access=free}}</ref>
@@ Line 241: / Line 245: @@
 *[[1943]] &ndash; [[Eileen Bell]], Northern Irish civil servant and politician, 2nd [[Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly]]
 *[[1944]] &ndash; [[Dimitris Sioufas]], Greek lawyer and politician, [[Ministry of Health (Greece)|Greek Minister of Health]] (died 2019)
-*[[1945]] &ndash; [[Khaleda Zia]], Bangladeshi politician, [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Khaleda Zia |url=https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/khaleda-zia |website=Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers |access-date=27 July 2021 |language=en |date=25 February 2020}}</ref>
+*[[1945]] &ndash; [[Khaleda Zia]], Bangladeshi politician, [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]] (died 2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=Khaleda Zia |url=https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/khaleda-zia |website=Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers |access-date=27 July 2021 |language=en |date=25 February 2020}}</ref>
 *[[1946]] &ndash; [[Jimmy Webb]], American singer-songwriter and pianist<ref>{{cite Grove |last1=Simonot |first1=Colette |title=Webb, Jimmy |date=20 January 2016 |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2289683}}</ref>
 *[[1947]] &ndash; [[Rakhee Gulzar]], Indian film actress<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/features/you-will-be-amazed-to-know-the-controversial-off-screen-life-of-this-on-screen-mother/|title = You will be amazed to know the controversial off-screen life of this on-screen mother|date = 28 September 2015}}</ref>
@@ Line 250: / Line 254: @@
 *  1950   &ndash; [[Tess Harper]], American actress<ref name="AP" />
 *  1950   &ndash; [[Tom Kelly (baseball)|Tom Kelly]], American baseball player
-*  1950   &ndash; [[Anne, Princess Royal]] of the United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web |title=Princess Anne, daughter of Queen Elizabeth II |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/princess-anne-daughter-of-queen-elizabeth-ii |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=8 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
+*  1950   &ndash; [[Anne, Princess Royal]] of the United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web |title=Princess Anne, daughter of Queen Elizabeth II |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/princess-anne-daughter-of-queen-elizabeth-ii |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=8 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=25 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525133555/https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/princess-anne-daughter-of-queen-elizabeth-ii/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 *[[1951]] &ndash; [[Ann Biderman]], American screenwriter and producer
 *  1951   &ndash; [[Bobby Caldwell]], American singer-songwriter (died 2023)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Alex |title=Bobby Caldwell, Silky-Voiced R&B Crooner, Dies at 71 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/15/arts/music/bobby-caldwell-dead.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=15 March 2023}}</ref>
@@ Line 279: / Line 283: @@
 *[[1963]] &ndash; [[Alejandro González Iñárritu]], Mexican director, producer, and screenwriter<ref name="AP" />
 *  1963   &ndash; [[Simon Hart]], Welsh soldier and politician
-*  1963   &ndash; [[Jack Russell (cricketer, born 1963)|Jack Russell]], England cricketer and coach
+*  1963   &ndash; [[Jack Russell (cricketer, born 1963)|Jack Russell]], English cricketer and coach
 *[[1964]] &ndash; [[Jane Ellison]], English lawyer and politician
 *  1964   &ndash; [[Melinda Gates]], American businesswoman and philanthropist, co-founded the [[Gates Foundation]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Profile: Melinda Gates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/nov/26/theobserver |access-date=13 August 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=26 November 2006 |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 314: / Line 318: @@
 *  1981   &ndash; [[Óliver Pérez]], American baseball player
 *[[1982]] &ndash; [[Casey Burgener]], American weightlifter
-*  1982   &ndash; [[Germán Caffa]], Argentine footballer
 *  1982   &ndash; [[David Harrison (basketball)|David Harrison]], American basketball player
 *[[1983]] &ndash; [[Siobhan Chamberlain]], English association football goalkeeper
@@ Line 325: / Line 328: @@
 *  1987   &ndash; [[Sean McAllister (footballer, born 1987)|Sean McAllister]], English footballer
 *[[1988]] &ndash; [[Oussama Assaidi]], Moroccan footballer
+*  1988   &ndash; [[Boban Marjanović]], Serbian basketball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Boban Marjanović |url=https://www.nba.com/stats/player/1626246/career |website=NBA.com |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>
 *[[1989]] &ndash; [[Joe Jonas]], American singer-songwriter<ref name="AP" />
 *  1989   &ndash; [[Ryan McGowan]], Australian footballer
@@ Line 333: / Line 337: @@
 *[[1992]] &ndash; [[Baskaran Adhiban]], Indian chess player
 *  1992   &ndash; [[Matthew Judon]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Judon |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/3961466/matthew-judon |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>
-*[[1993]] &ndash; [[Rieah Holder]], Barbadian netball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Netball {{!}} Athlete Profile: Rieah Holder – Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/netball/athlete-profile-n6004125-rieah-holder.htm |website=results.gc2018.com |access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref>
 *  1993   &ndash; [[Clinton N'Jie]], Cameroonian footballer
 *  1993   &ndash; [[Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain]], English footballer
@@ Line 340: / Line 343: @@
 *[[1995]] &ndash; [[Chief Keef]], American rapper<ref>{{cite web |last=Buyanovsky |first=Dan |date=May 6, 2013 |url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2013/05/from-the-mag-chief-keef-at-home/ |title=From The Mag: Chief Keef At Home |website=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]] |publisher=[[Townsquare Media]] |access-date=May 10, 2013}}</ref>
 *  1995   &ndash; [[Setyana Mapasa]], Indonesian-Australian badminton player<ref>{{cite web|title=Setyana MAPASA I Profile|url=https://bwfworldtourfinals.bwfbadminton.com/player/77441/setyana-mapasa|website=BWF World Tour Finals|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation|BWF]]|access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref> <!-- please archive this -->
-*[[1999]] &ndash; [[Paola Reis]], BMX rider<ref>{{cite web |title=Cycling BMX {{!}} Athlete Profile: Reis Paola – Pan American Games Lima 2019 |url=https://wrsd.lima2019.pe/panam/en/results/cycling-bmx/athlete-profile-n1144541-reis-paola.htm |website=wrsd.lima2019.pe |access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref>
+*[[1999]] &ndash; [[Paola Reis]], BMX rider<ref>{{cite web |title=Cycling BMX &#124; Athlete Profile: Reis Paola – Pan American Games Lima 2019 |url=https://wrsd.lima2019.pe/panam/en/results/cycling-bmx/athlete-profile-n1144541-reis-paola.htm |website=wrsd.lima2019.pe |access-date=30 May 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726120601/https://wrsd.lima2019.pe/panam/en/results/cycling-bmx/athlete-profile-n1144541-reis-paola.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+*[[2003]] &ndash; [[Juanlu Sánchez]], Spanish footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Men's Olympic Football Tournament Paris 2024: Spain (ESP) |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce158/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf|publisher=FIFA|page=13|date=27 July 2024|access-date=16 December 2025}}</ref>
 ==Deaths==
@@ Line 348: / Line 352: @@
 * [[465]] &ndash; [[Libius Severus]], Roman emperor (born 420)
 * [[698]] &ndash; [[Theodotus of Amida]], Syrian Orthodox holy man<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Jack |last=Tannous |title=Theodotos of Amid |encyclopedia=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition |editor1=[[Sebastian P. Brock]] |editor2=Aaron M. Butts |editor3=[[George A. Kiraz]] |editor4=Lucas Van Rompay |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/entry/Theodotos-of-Amid |publisher=Gorgias Press |year=2011}} Published online by Beth Mardutho in 2018.</ref>
-*[[AD 767|767]] &ndash; [[Abu Hanifa]], Iraqi scholar and educator (born 699)<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.islamicinformationcentre.co.uk/alsunna.htm |title=Understanding the Ahle al-Sunnah: Traditional Scholarship & Modern Misunderstandings |last=Ammar |first=Abu |publisher=Islamic Information Centre |year=2001 |chapter=Criticism levelled against Imam Abu Hanifah |access-date=2018-06-13 |chapter-url=http://www.islamicinformationcentre.co.uk/alsunna7.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://habibur.com/hijri/150/7/ |title=Islamic Hijri Calendar For Rajab - 150 Hijri |website=habibur.com |access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref>
+*[[AD 767|767]] &ndash; [[Abu Hanifa]], Iraqi scholar and educator (born 699)<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.islamicinformationcentre.co.uk/alsunna.htm |title=Understanding the Ahle al-Sunnah: Traditional Scholarship & Modern Misunderstandings |last=Ammar |first=Abu |publisher=Islamic Information Centre |year=2001 |chapter=Criticism levelled against Imam Abu Hanifah |access-date=2018-06-13 |chapter-url=http://www.islamicinformationcentre.co.uk/alsunna7.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://habibur.com/hijri/150/7/ |title=Islamic Hijri Calendar For Rajab - 150 Hijri |website=habibur.com |access-date=2018-06-13 |archive-date=2019-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728101951/https://habibur.com/hijri/150/7/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 * [[778]] &ndash; [[Roland]], Frankish military leader
 * [[873]] &ndash; [[Emperor Yizong of Tang|Yi Zong]], Chinese emperor (born 833)
@@ Line 404: / Line 408: @@
 *  1945   &ndash; [[Fred Hockley]], English lieutenant and pilot (born 1923)
 *[[1951]] &ndash; [[Artur Schnabel]], Polish pianist and composer (born 1882)<ref>{{cite Grove |last1=Glock |first1=William |last2=Plaistow |first2=Stephen |title=Schnabel, Artur |date=2001 |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.24970}}</ref>
-*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Ludwig Prandtl]], German physicist and engineer (born 1875)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Busemann |first1=A. |title=Ludwig Prandtl, 1875-1953 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=February 1960 |volume=5 |pages=193–205 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1960.0015}}</ref>
+*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Ludwig Prandtl]], German physicist and engineer (born 1875)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Busemann |first1=A. |title=Ludwig Prandtl, 1875-1953 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=February 1960 |volume=5 |pages=193–205 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1960.0015 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
 *[[1962]] &ndash; [[Lei Feng]], Chinese soldier (born 1940)
 *[[1967]] &ndash; [[René Magritte]], Belgian painter (born 1898)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wijnbeek |first1=Anneke E. |title=Magritte, René(-François-Ghislain) |journal=Oxford Art Online |date=2003 |doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T053159}}</ref>
@@ Line 411: / Line 415: @@
 *[[1975]] &ndash; [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], Bangladeshi politician, 1st [[President of Bangladesh]] (born 1920)<ref>{{cite news |title=Who was Sheikh Mujibur Rahman? Architect of independent Bangladesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/who-was-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-architect-of-independent-bangladesh-sheikh-hasina-protest-unrest-resignation/articleshow/112306676.cms |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=6 August 2024}}</ref>
 *  1975   &ndash; [[Harun Karadeniz]], Turkish political activist and author (born 1942)
+*[[1977]] &ndash; [[Raymond A. Palmer]], American author and magazine editor (born 1910)<ref>{{cite book|last=Toronto|first=Richard|title=War Over Lemuria: Richard Shaver, Ray Palmer and the Strangest Chapter of 1940s Science Fiction|location=Jefferson, NC|publisher=McFarland & Co.|date=2013|isbn=9780786473076|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mMtqtZMoNYC|page=241}}</ref>
 *[[1981]] &ndash; [[Carol Ryrie Brink]], American author (born 1895)<ref>{{cite book|first1=Bernice E.|last1=Cullinan|first2=Diane Goetz|last2=Person|title=The Continuum Encyclopedia of Children's Literature|location=New York|publisher=Continuum|year=2005|page=112|isbn=978-0-82641-778-7}}</ref>
 *  1981   &ndash; [[Jørgen Løvset]], Norwegian gynaecologist and academic (born 1896)
 *[[1982]] &ndash; [[Ernie Bushmiller]], American cartoonist (born 1905)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Daley |first1=Suzanne |title=ERNIE BUSHMILLER, 76, IS DEAD; DREW 'NANCY' FOR HALF CENTURY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/17/obituaries/ernie-bushmiller-76-is-dead-drew-nancy-for-half-century.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=17 August 1982}}</ref>
 *  1982   &ndash; [[Jock Taylor]], Scottish motorcycle sidecar racer (born 1954)<ref>{{cite news |title=Motorcyclist Dies Of Crash Injuries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/16/sports/motorcyclist-dies-of-crash-injuries.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=16 August 1982}}</ref>
-*  1982   &ndash; [[Hugo Theorell]], Swedish biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1903)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dalziel |first1=Keith |title=Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell, 6 July 1903 - 15 August 1982 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=November 1983 |volume=29 |pages=584–621 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1983.0021}}</ref>
+*  1982   &ndash; [[Hugo Theorell]], Swedish biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1903)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dalziel |first1=Keith |title=Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell, 6 July 1903 - 15 August 1982 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=November 1983 |volume=29 |pages=584–621 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1983.0021 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
 *[[1989]] &ndash; [[Minoru Genda]], Japanese general, pilot, and politician (born 1904)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flint |first1=Peter B. |title=GENERAL MINORU GENDA, 84, DIES: PLANNED ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/17/obituaries/general-minoru-genda-84-dies-planned-attack-on-pearl-harbor.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=17 August 1989}}</ref>
 *  1989   &ndash; [[Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos]], Greek general and diplomat (born 1897)
@@ Line 431: / Line 436: @@
 *  2004   &ndash; [[Amarsinh Chaudhary]], Indian politician, 8th [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] (born 1941)<ref>{{cite news |title=Cong leader Amarsinh Chaudhary dead |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cong-leader-amarsinh-chaudhary-dead/articleshow/815802.cms |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |agency=PTI |date=15 August 2004}}</ref>
 *[[2005]] &ndash; [[Bendapudi Venkata Satyanarayana]], Indian dermatologist and academic (born 1927)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=G. Raghurama |title=Obituary-Prof. Dr. BV Satyanarayana (30-1-1927-15-8-2005). |journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology |date=Nov–Dec 2005 |volume=71 |issue=6 |page=454}}</ref>
-*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Te Atairangikaahu]], New Zealand queen (born 1931)<ref>{{cite news |title=Dame Te Atairangikaahu |url=https://www.economist.com/obituary/2006/08/31/dame-te-atairangikaahu |access-date=14 August 2024 |newspaper=The Economist |date=31 August 2006}}</ref>
+*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Te Atairangikaahu]], New Zealand Māori queen (born 1931)<ref>{{cite news |title=Dame Te Atairangikaahu |url=https://www.economist.com/obituary/2006/08/31/dame-te-atairangikaahu |access-date=14 August 2024 |newspaper=The Economist |date=31 August 2006}}</ref>
 *  2006   &ndash; [[Rick Bourke]], Australian rugby league player (born 1955)
-*  2006   &ndash; [[Coenraad Bron]], Dutch computer scientist and academic (born 1937)
 *  2006   &ndash; [[Faas Wilkes]], Dutch footballer and manager (born 1923)
 *[[2007]] &ndash; [[Richard Bradshaw (conductor)|Richard Bradshaw]], English conductor and director (born 1944)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Millington |first1=Barry |title=Richard Bradshaw |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/aug/29/guardianobituaries.obituaries |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=29 August 2007}}</ref>
@@ Line 466: / Line 470: @@
 *** Feast of the [[Dormition of the Theotokos]] ([[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy|Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches]])
 *** [[Ferragosto]] ([[Italy]])
-*** [[Lady Day|Lady's Day]] ([[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]])
 *** [[Māras]] ([[Latvia]])
 *** [[Mother's Day]] ([[Antwerp]] and [[Costa Rica]])
@@ Line 488: / Line 491: @@
 * The main day of [[Bon Festival]] ([[Japan]]), and its related observances:
 ** [[Awa Dance Festival]] ([[Tokushima Prefecture]])
+* [[Victory Day (Taliban)|Victory Day]] (Afghanistan), celebrating the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|2021 Fall of Kabul]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/taliban-announce-public-holiday-in-afghanistan-to-mark-retaking-of-power-/6701102.html|title=Taliban Announce Public Holiday in Afghanistan to Mark Retaking of Power|language=en|date=14 August 2022|access-date=19 August 2025|work=[[Voice of America]]|first1=Ayaz|last1=Gul|location=[[Islamabad]], Pakistan}}</ref>
 * [[Victory over Japan Day]] (United Kingdom), and its related observances:
 ** [[Shūsen-kinenbi|End-of-war Memorial Day]], when the [[National Memorial Service for War Dead]] is held ([[Japan]])
@@ Line 496: / Line 500: @@
 ==External links==
 {{commons}}
-* {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/15 |title=On This Day |publisher=BBC}}
+* {{cite web |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/15/ |title=On This Day |publisher=BBC}}
 * {{NYT On this day|month=08|day=15}}
 * {{cite web |url=https://www.onthisday.com/events/august/15 |title=Historical Events on August 15 |publisher=OnThisDay.com}}

August 15: Difference between revisions

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