Frederick Augustus II of Saxony: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name           = Frederick Augustus II
| name         = Frederick Augustus II
| full name     = {{Langx|de|Friedrich August Albrecht Maria Clemens Joseph Vincenz Aloys Nepomuk Johann Baptista Nikolaus Raphael Peter Xaver Franz de Paula Venantius Felix}}<br />{{langx|en|Frederick Augustus Albert Maria Clement Joseph Vincent Aloysius Nepomuk John Baptista Nicholas Raphael Peter Xaver Francis de Paula Venantius Felix}}
| full name   = {{Langx|de|Friedrich August Albrecht Maria Clemens Joseph Vincenz Aloys Nepomuk Johann Baptista Nikolaus Raphael Peter Xaver Franz de Paula Venantius Felix}}<br />{{langx|en|Frederick Augustus Albert Maria Clement Joseph Vincent Aloysius Nepomuk John Baptista Nicholas Raphael Peter Xaver Francis de Paula Venantius Felix}}
| image         = Friedrich August II of Saxony.jpg
| image       = King_Frederick_Augustus_II_of_Saxony.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein]]
| image_size   =  
| image_size     = 220px
| reign       = 6 June 1836 &ndash; 9 August 1854
| reign         = 6 June 1836 &ndash; 9 August 1854
| coronation   =  
| coronation     =
| predecessor = [[Anthony of Saxony|Anthony]]
| predecessor   = [[Anthony of Saxony|Anthony]]
| successor   = [[John I of Saxony|John]]
| successor     = [[John I of Saxony|John]]
| succession   = [[King of Saxony]]
| succession     = [[King of Saxony]]
| spouses     = {{Plainlist|
| spouses       = {{Plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria|Marie Caroline of Austria]]|1819|1832|end=d}}
* {{marriage|[[Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria|Marie Caroline of Austria]]|1819|1832|end=d}}
* {{marriage|[[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1805-1877)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]]|1833}}
* {{marriage|[[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1805-1877)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]]|1833}}
}}
}}
| issue         = [[Theodor Uhlig]] (illegitimate)
| issue       = [[Theodor Uhlig]] (illegitimate)
| house         = [[House of Wettin|Wettin]]
| house       = [[House of Wettin|Wettin]] <small>(Albertine line)</small>
| royal anthem   =
| royal anthem =  
| father         = [[Prince Maximilian of Saxony]]
| father       = [[Prince Maximilian of Saxony]]
| mother         = [[Princess Caroline of Parma]]
| mother       = [[Princess Caroline of Parma]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date|1797|5|18|df=y}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1797|5|18|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Pillnitz]], Dresden, [[Electorate of Saxony]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| birth_place = [[Pillnitz]], Dresden, [[Electorate of Saxony]], Holy Roman Empire
| death_date     = {{Death date and age|1854|8|9|1797|5|18|df=y}}
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1854|8|9|1797|5|18|df=y}}
| death_place   = [[Karrösten]], [[Austrian Empire]]
| death_place = [[Karrösten]], Austrian Empire
| place of burial= [[Katholische Hofkirche]]
| burial_place = [[Katholische Hofkirche]]
| religion       = [[Roman Catholicism]]
| religion     = [[Roman Catholicism]]
| signature     = Signature of Frederick Augustus II of Saxony.svg
| signature   = Signature of Frederick Augustus II of Saxony.svg
}}
}}


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===King of Saxony===
===King of Saxony===
[[file:Friedrich August II König von Sachsen Ausschnitt.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Statue of Frederick Augustus II in [[Neumarkt (Dresden)|Neumarkt]]]]
On 6 June 1836, King Anton died and Frederick Augustus succeeded him. As an intelligent man, he was quickly popular with the people as he had been since the time of his regency. The new king solved political questions only from a pure sense of duty. Mostly he preferred to leave these things on the hands of his ministers.
On 6 June 1836, King Anton died and Frederick Augustus succeeded him. As an intelligent man, he was quickly popular with the people as he had been since the time of his regency. The new king solved political questions only from a pure sense of duty. Mostly he preferred to leave these things on the hands of his ministers.


Line 58: Line 58:
In addition to his interest in fossils, Frederick Augustus devoted his leisure hours chiefly to the study of [[botany]]. He made botanical excursions into different countries, and his ''Flora Marienbadensis, oder Pflanzen und Gebirgsarten, gesammelt und beschrieben'' was published in Prague in 1837.<ref name="EB1911"/>
In addition to his interest in fossils, Frederick Augustus devoted his leisure hours chiefly to the study of [[botany]]. He made botanical excursions into different countries, and his ''Flora Marienbadensis, oder Pflanzen und Gebirgsarten, gesammelt und beschrieben'' was published in Prague in 1837.<ref name="EB1911"/>


==Accidental death==
==Death==
During a journey in [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]], he had an accident in Brennbüchel in which he fell in front of a horse that stepped on his head. On 8 August 1854, he died in the Gasthof Neuner. He was buried on 16 August in the [[Katholische Hofkirche]] of [[Dresden]]. In his memory, the Dowager Queen Maria arranged to establish the Königskapelle (King's Chapel) at the accident place, which was consecrated one year later, some of the last members of the Saxon royal family, including [[Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen]], are buried beside the chapel.
[[file:Friedrich August II. Av.JPG|thumb|right|Coin on the death of Frederick Augustus II]]
During a journey in [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]], he had an accident in Brennbüchel in which he fell in front of a horse that stepped on his head. On 9 August 1854, he died in the Gasthof Neuner. He was buried on 16 August in the [[Katholische Hofkirche]] of [[Dresden]]. In his memory, the Dowager Queen Maria arranged to establish the Königskapelle (King's Chapel) at the accident place, which was consecrated one year later, some of the last members of the Saxon royal family, including [[Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen]], are buried beside the chapel.


==Marriages==
==Marriages==
Line 66: Line 67:
In Dresden on 24 April 1833 Frederick Augustus married secondly with the Princess [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1805-1877)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]] (Maria Anna Leopoldine Elisabeth Wilhelmine), daughter of the King [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria]]. Like his first marriage, this was childless.
In Dresden on 24 April 1833 Frederick Augustus married secondly with the Princess [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1805-1877)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]] (Maria Anna Leopoldine Elisabeth Wilhelmine), daughter of the King [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria]]. Like his first marriage, this was childless.


The musician [[Theodor Uhlig]] (1822–1853) was an illegitimate son of Frederick Augustus.<ref>John Warrack, ''Uhlig, Theodor'', [[Oxford Music Online]],consulted 23.6.2010</ref>
The musician [[Theodor Uhlig]] (1822–1853) was an illegitimate son of Frederick Augustus.<ref>John Warrack, ''Uhlig, Theodor'', [[Oxford Music Online]], consulted 23.6.2010</ref>


Without legitimate issue, after his death Frederick Augustus was succeeded by his younger brother, [[John, King of Saxony|Johann]].
Without legitimate issue, after his death Frederick Augustus was succeeded by his younger brother, [[John, King of Saxony|Johann]].

Latest revision as of 04:54, 15 May 2026

For Elector Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, see Augustus III of Poland.

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Template:Infobox royalty

Frederick Augustus II (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; 18 May 1797 – 9 August 1854) was King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.

He was the eldest son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony – younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony – by his first wife, Caroline of Bourbon, Princess of Parma.

Life

Early years

From his birth, it was clear that one day Frederick Augustus would become the ruler of Saxony. His father was the only son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony who left surviving male issue. When King Frederick Augustus I died (1827) and Anton succeeded him as King, Frederick Augustus became second in line to the throne, preceded only by his father Maximilian. However, he took no part in the administration of the country.[1]

He was an officer in the War of the Sixth Coalition. However, he had little interest in military affairs.

Co-Regent to the Kingdom

The July Revolution of 1830 in France marked the beginning of disturbances in Saxony that autumn. The people claimed a change in the constitution and demanded a young regent of the kingdom to share the government with the King Anton. On 1 September the Prince Maximilian renounced his rights of succession in favor of his son Frederick Augustus, who was proclaimed Prince Co-Regent (de: Prinz-Mitregenten) of Saxony. On 2 February 1832 Frederick Augustus brought Free Autonomy to the cities. Also, by an edict of 17 March of that year, the farmers were freed from the corvée and hereditary submission. His popularity and liberal reforms quickly ended the discontent.[1]

King of Saxony

File:Friedrich August II König von Sachsen Ausschnitt.jpg
Statue of Frederick Augustus II in Neumarkt

On 6 June 1836, King Anton died and Frederick Augustus succeeded him. As an intelligent man, he was quickly popular with the people as he had been since the time of his regency. The new king solved political questions only from a pure sense of duty. Mostly he preferred to leave these things on the hands of his ministers.

A standardized jurisdiction for Saxony created the Criminal Code of 1836. During the Revolutionary disturbances of 1848 (March Revolution), he appointed liberal ministers in the government, lifted censorship, and remitted a liberal electoral law. Later his attitude changed. On 28 April Frederick August II dissolved the Parliament, and in 1849 he was forced to flee to the Königstein Fortress. The May Uprising was crushed by Saxon and Prussian troops and Frederick was able to return after only a few days.

From that time onward his reign was tranquil and prosperous. Later Count Beust, leader of the Austrian and feudal party in Saxony, became his principal minister and guided his policy on most occasions.[1]

Journey through England and Scotland

In 1844 Frederick Augustus, accompanied by his personal physician Carl Gustav Carus, made an informal (incognito) visit to England and Scotland. Among places they visited were Lyme Regis where he purchased from the local fossil collector and dealer, Mary Anning, an ichthyosaur skeleton for his own extensive natural history collection. It was not a state visit, but the King was the guest of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert at Windsor Castle, visited many of the sights in London and in the university cities of Oxford and Cambridge, and toured widely in England, Wales and Scotland.[2]

In addition to his interest in fossils, Frederick Augustus devoted his leisure hours chiefly to the study of botany. He made botanical excursions into different countries, and his Flora Marienbadensis, oder Pflanzen und Gebirgsarten, gesammelt und beschrieben was published in Prague in 1837.[1]

Death

File:Friedrich August II. Av.JPG
Coin on the death of Frederick Augustus II

During a journey in Tyrol, he had an accident in Brennbüchel in which he fell in front of a horse that stepped on his head. On 9 August 1854, he died in the Gasthof Neuner. He was buried on 16 August in the Katholische Hofkirche of Dresden. In his memory, the Dowager Queen Maria arranged to establish the Königskapelle (King's Chapel) at the accident place, which was consecrated one year later, some of the last members of the Saxon royal family, including Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen, are buried beside the chapel.

Marriages

In Vienna on 26 September 1819 (by proxy) and again in Dresden on 7 October 1819 (in person), Frederick Augustus married firstly with the Archduchess Maria Caroline of Austria (Maria Karoline Ferdinande Theresia Josephine Demetria), daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria. They had no children.

In Dresden on 24 April 1833 Frederick Augustus married secondly with the Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria (Maria Anna Leopoldine Elisabeth Wilhelmine), daughter of the King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. Like his first marriage, this was childless.

The musician Theodor Uhlig (1822–1853) was an illegitimate son of Frederick Augustus.[3]

Without legitimate issue, after his death Frederick Augustus was succeeded by his younger brother, Johann.

Ancestry

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 File:Wikisource-logo.svg One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hashagen, Justus (1911). "Frederick Augustus II.". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 61.
  2. ↑ C.G.Carus, The King of Saxony's Journey through England and Scotland, 1844, english edition, London, Chapman and Hall, 1846 [1]
  3. ↑ John Warrack, Uhlig, Theodor, Oxford Music Online, consulted 23.6.2010
Template:S-houTemplate:S-reg
Preceded by King of Saxony
1836–1854 		Succeeded by

Template:Princes of Saxony Template:Kings of Saxony

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