Alexios V Doukas: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| title | | title = [[Basileus|Emperor]] and [[Autokrator|Autocrat]] of the [[Rhomaioi|Romans]] | ||
| name | | name = Alexios V Doukas | ||
| image | | image = 147 - Alexios V Doukas (Mutinensis - color).png | ||
| caption | | caption = Portrait of Alexios V from a [[Mutinensis gr. 122|15th-century codex]] containing a copy of the ''Extracts of History'' by [[Joannes Zonaras]] | ||
| succession | | succession = [[Byzantine emperor]] | ||
| reign | | reign = 27 January – 12 April 1204 | ||
| coronation | | coronation = 5 February 1204 | ||
| predecessor | | cor-type = byzantine | ||
| successor | | predecessor = [[Isaac II Angelos]] and [[Alexios IV Angelos]] | ||
[[Boniface I, Marquis of Montferrat|Boniface I]] ([[Kingdom of Thessalonica|Thessalonica]]) | | successor = [[Constantine Laskaris]] {{small|(briefly?)}}<br />[[Baldwin I, Latin Emperor|Baldwin I]] {{small|([[Latin Empire]])}}<br />[[Theodore I Komnenos Laskaris|Theodore I]] {{small|([[Empire of Nicaea|Nicaea]])}}<br />[[Michael I Komnenos Doukas|Michael I]] {{small|([[Despotate of Epirus|Epirus]])}}<br />[[Alexios I of Trebizond|Alexios I]] {{small|([[Empire of Trebizond|Trebizond]])}}<br />[[Alexios III Angelos|Alexios III]] {{small|([[Mosynopolis]])}}<br> | ||
| spouse | [[Boniface I, Marquis of Montferrat|Boniface I]] {{small|([[Kingdom of Thessalonica|Thessalonica]])}} <br />[[Theodore Mangaphas]] {{small|([[Alaşehir|Philadelphia]])}}<br> | ||
| spouse = Philokalina<ref> Hendrickx and Matzukis, p.113. </ref> <br /> | |||
[[Eudokia Angelina]] | [[Eudokia Angelina]] | ||
| dynasty | | dynasty = [[Angelos|Angelos dynasty]] | ||
| birth_date | | birth_date = c. 1140 (estimation) | ||
| death_date | | death_date = {{death-date|December 1204}} | ||
| death_place | | death_place = (Modern day [[Istanbul University]]) | ||
| religion | | religion = [[Greek Orthodox]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Alexios V Doukas''' ({{langx|el|Ἀλέξιος Δούκας|Aléxios Doúkās}}; died December 1204), [[Romanization of Greek|Latinized]] as '''Alexius V Ducas''', was [[Byzantine emperor]] from February to April 1204, just prior to the [[sack of Constantinople]] by the participants of the [[Fourth Crusade]]. His family name was [[Doukas]], but he was also known by the nickname '''Mourtzouphlos''' or '''Murtzuphlus''' ({{lang|grc|Μούρτζουφλος}}), referring to either bushy, overhanging eyebrows or a sullen, gloomy character.<ref>Choniates, p. 307, (see also: Head, p. 238) says that Alexios Doukas gained the name 'Mourtzouphlos' in his youth from his companions on account of his eyebrows meeting and overhanging his eyes.</ref> He achieved power through a [[Coup d'état#Palace coup|palace coup]], killing his predecessors in the process. Though he made vigorous attempts to defend Constantinople from the crusader army, his military efforts proved ineffective. His actions won the support of the mass of the populace, but he alienated the elite of the city. Following the fall, sack, and occupation of the city, Alexios V was [[Political mutilation in Byzantine culture|blinded]] by his father-in-law, the ex-emperor [[Alexios III Angelos|Alexios III]], and later executed by the new [[Latin Empire|Latin regime]]. He was the last Byzantine emperor to rule in Constantinople until the Byzantine [[recapture of Constantinople]] in 1261. | '''Alexios V Doukas''' ({{langx|el|Ἀλέξιος Δούκας|Aléxios Doúkās}}; died December 1204), [[Romanization of Greek|Latinized]] as '''Alexius V Ducas''', was [[Byzantine emperor]] from February to April 1204, just prior to the [[sack of Constantinople]] by the participants of the [[Fourth Crusade]]. His family name was [[Doukas]], but he was also known by the nickname '''Mourtzouphlos''' or '''Murtzuphlus''' ({{lang|grc|Μούρτζουφλος}}), referring to either bushy, overhanging eyebrows or a sullen, gloomy character.<ref>Choniates, p. 307, (see also: Head, p. 238) says that Alexios Doukas gained the name 'Mourtzouphlos' in his youth from his companions on account of his eyebrows meeting and overhanging his eyes.</ref> He achieved power through a [[Coup d'état#Palace coup|palace coup]], killing his predecessors in the process. Though he made vigorous attempts to defend Constantinople from the crusader army, his military efforts proved ineffective. His actions won the support of the mass of the populace, but he alienated the elite of the city. Following the fall, sack, and occupation of the city, Alexios V was [[Political mutilation in Byzantine culture|blinded]] by his father-in-law, the ex-emperor [[Alexios III Angelos|Alexios III]], and later executed by the new [[Latin Empire|Latin regime]]. He was the last Byzantine emperor to rule in Constantinople until the Byzantine [[recapture of Constantinople]] in 1261. | ||
==Origins and character== | ==Origins and character== | ||
[[File:Alexius V.JPG|thumb|Miniature from a 13th-century chronicle of [[Niketas Choniates]].<ref>The manuscript | [[File:Alexius V.JPG|thumb|Miniature from a 13th-century chronicle of [[Niketas Choniates]].<ref>The manuscript explicitly calls him "Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos", but there are some doubts about the authenticity of the portrait (the type of crown worn is elsewhere associated with ''[[sebastokrator]]es''). {{cite book |last=Spatharakis |first=Ioannis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6BEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA152 |title=The Portrait in Byzantine Illuminated Manuscripts |publisher=Brill |year=1976 |isbn=9789633862971 |pages=152–158}}</ref> ]] | ||
Though in possession of the surname used by a leading Byzantine aristocratic family, there is very little definitely known concerning the ancestry of Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos. The noble Doukas clan were not the only Doukai, as the surname was also employed by many families of humble origins. It has been claimed that Alexios Doukas was a great-great-grandson of the emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]] ({{reign|1081|1118}}) in the female line ([[cognatic|cognatic descent]]). This is not improbable, as all other Byzantine emperors, and the majority of attempted usurpers, of the period had a connection with the former imperial house of the [[Komnenoi]], either by descent or marriage. A more precise theory has been proposed, that he was the son of an Isaac Doukas, and was the second cousin of [[Alexios IV Angelos]] ({{reign|1203|1204}}). His date of birth is also unknown, but it is sometimes given as {{circa|1140}} because he was considered "old" in 1204.<ref>Hendrickx and Matzukis, p. 111</ref> A letter sent to [[Pope Innocent III]], stated that Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos was 'a blood relation' of Alexios IV Angelos.<ref>Akropolites, p. 112</ref> | Though in possession of the surname used by a leading Byzantine aristocratic family, there is very little definitely known concerning the ancestry of Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos. The noble Doukas clan were not the only Doukai, as the surname was also employed by many families of humble origins. It has been claimed that Alexios Doukas was a great-great-grandson of the emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]] ({{reign|1081|1118}}) in the female line ([[cognatic|cognatic descent]]). This is not improbable, as all other Byzantine emperors, and the majority of attempted usurpers, of the period had a connection with the former imperial house of the [[Komnenoi]], either by descent or marriage. A more precise theory has been proposed, that he was the son of an Isaac Doukas, and was the second cousin of [[Alexios IV Angelos]] ({{reign|1203|1204}}). His date of birth is also unknown, but it is sometimes given as {{circa|1140}} because he was considered "old" in 1204.<ref>Hendrickx and Matzukis, p. 111</ref> A letter sent to [[Pope Innocent III]], stated that Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos was 'a blood relation' of Alexios IV Angelos.<ref>Akropolites, p. 112</ref> | ||
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Alexios 05}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Alexios 05}} | ||
[[Category:Executed Roman emperors]] | |||
[[Category:12th-century births|Alexios Doukas]] | [[Category:12th-century births|Alexios Doukas]] | ||
[[Category:1204 deaths|Alexios Doukas]] | [[Category:1204 deaths|Alexios Doukas]] | ||