Iao Valley: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Valley in the West Maui Mountains}} | {{Short description|Valley in the West Maui Mountains}} | ||
{{Use American English|date=March 2026}} | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}} | |||
{{Infobox valley | {{Infobox valley | ||
|name = {{okina}}Īao Valley | |name = Iao Valley | ||
|other_name = {{okina}}Īao Valley | |||
|photo = Iao Valley panorama cropped.jpg | |photo = Iao Valley panorama cropped.jpg | ||
|photo_caption = | |photo_caption = | ||
|photo_alt = Mountainside seen from within Iao Valley | |photo_alt = Mountainside seen from within the Iao Valley | ||
|photo_size = 300 | |photo_size = 300 | ||
|map = United States Maui#USA Hawaii | |map = United States Maui#USA Hawaii | ||
|label = | |label = Iao Valley | ||
|elevation = {{convert|1000|ft|m|-2}} | |elevation = {{convert|1000|ft|m|-2}} | ||
|coordinates = {{coord|20|52|51|N|156|32|42|W|type:landmark_region:US-HI|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | |coordinates = {{coord|20|52|51|N|156|32|42|W|type:landmark_region:US-HI|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
''' | '''Iao Valley''', ({{IPAc-en|'|iː|aʊ}}; [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] {{langr|haw|ʻĪao}} Valley, for "cloud supreme") is a lush, stream-cut valley in West [[Maui]], [[Hawaii]], located {{convert|5|km|mi|1|order=flip}} west of [[Wailuku, Hawaii|Wailuku]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Iao Valley {{!}} Hawaii, Nature, Hiking {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Iao-Valley |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250524044108/https://www.britannica.com/place/Iao-Valley |archive-date=2025-05-24 |access-date=2026-02-04 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Because of its natural environment and history, it has become a tourist location. It was designated a [[National Natural Landmark]] in 1972.<ref name=nnl>{{cite web|title=ʻĪao Valley|work=National Natural Landmark|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nnlandmarks/site.htm?Site=IAVA-HI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016091240/http://www.nature.nps.gov/nnl/site.cfm?Site=IAVA-HI|archive-date=2011-10-16|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=12 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
== ʻĪao Valley State Monument == | == {{langr|haw|ʻĪao|cat=no}} Valley State Monument == | ||
[[File:2011 Oct 01 Iao Needle (Crop).jpg|thumb|right|upright|The ʻĪao Needle. Rising {{convert|1200|ft|m|abbr=on}} from the valley floor, it is taller than the [[Eiffel Tower]].|alt=Photo of vegetation-covered lava promontory]] | [[File:2011 Oct 01 Iao Needle (Crop).jpg|thumb|right|upright|The {{langr|haw|ʻĪao}} Needle. Rising {{convert|1200|ft|m|abbr=on}} from the valley floor, it is taller than the [[Eiffel Tower]].|alt=Photo of vegetation-covered lava promontory]] | ||
The state park is located on {{convert|6.2|acre|ha}} at the end of ʻĪao Valley Road (Highway 32). The ʻĪao Needle (Kūkaʻemoku), a landmark in the state park, is a vegetation-covered lava remnant rising {{convert|1200|ft|m}} from the valley floor or {{convert|2250|ft|m}} above sea level. The "needle" is a sharp ridge that gives the appearance of being a spire when viewed end-on.<ref>{{cite web | The state park is located on {{convert|6.2|acre|ha}} at the end of {{langr|haw|ʻĪao}} Valley Road (Highway 32). The {{langr|haw|ʻĪao}} Needle ({{langr|haw|Kūkaʻemoku}}), a landmark in the state park, is a vegetation-covered lava remnant rising {{convert|1200|ft|m}} from the valley floor or {{convert|2250|ft|m}} above sea level. The "needle" is a sharp ridge that gives the appearance of being a spire when viewed end-on.<ref>{{cite web | ||
| url = http://www.waialeale.org/text/pohakupele_ridge.html | | url = http://www.waialeale.org/text/pohakupele_ridge.html | ||
| title = The trail of the Ancients - the Iao Needle effect | | title = The trail of the Ancients - the Iao Needle effect | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
| archive-date = 2013-05-15 | | archive-date = 2013-05-15 | ||
| url-status = dead | | url-status = dead | ||
}}</ref> The needle is an extension of and surrounded by the cliffs of the [[West Maui Mountains]], an extinct [[volcano]]. There is a short trail (ʻĪao Needle Lookout Trail and Ethnobotanical Loop) to a windy overlook.<ref> | }}</ref> The needle is an extension of and surrounded by the cliffs of the [[West Maui Mountains]], an extinct [[volcano]]. There is a short trail ({{langr|haw|ʻĪao}} Needle Lookout Trail and Ethnobotanical Loop) to a windy overlook.<ref> | ||
{{cite web | {{cite web | ||
|title = | |title = {{langr|haw|ʻĪao|cat=no}} Valley State Monument | ||
|work = Hawaii State Parks; Maui | |work = Hawaii State Parks; Maui | ||
|publisher = Department of Land and Natural Resources | |publisher = Department of Land and Natural Resources | ||
| Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
== Rainforest == | == Rainforest == | ||
Iao Valley is covered in dense [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests|rainforest]], most of which consists of [[invasive species|introduced]] vegetation on the valley floor. The [[Puʻu Kukui]] summit area at the valley's head receives an average {{convert|386|in|m}} of rainfall per year,<ref>{{cite web | |||
|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/hydro/pages/data_tbl_12.html | |url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/hydro/pages/data_tbl_12.html | ||
|title=NOAA Hawaiʻi rain gauge summary | |title=NOAA Hawaiʻi rain gauge summary | ||
| Line 55: | Line 55: | ||
}}</ref> Much of this rainfall ends up flowing into the ʻĪao Stream. Trails in the State Park run alongside ʻĪao Stream and through the forest. | }}</ref> Much of this rainfall ends up flowing into the ʻĪao Stream. Trails in the State Park run alongside ʻĪao Stream and through the forest. | ||
Above the | Above the Iao valley at the {{langr|haw|Puʻu Kukui}} watershed is a native cloud forest of {{langlink|haw|Metrosideros polymorpha|ʻohiʻa}} and {{langlink|haw|Acacia koa|koa}}. This forest is home to many native species including birds like the {{langlink|haw|ʻiʻiwi}}, {{langlink|haw|ʻapapane}} and {{langlink|haw|Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi|ʻamakihi}}. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2022}} | {{Unreferenced section|date=September 2022}} | ||
The Hawaiian god | The Hawaiian god {{langlink|haw|Kane Milohai|Kāne}} is considered to be the procreator and the provider of life. He is associated with {{lang|haw|wai}} (fresh water) as well as clouds, rain, streams, and springs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kāne {{!}} Kahoʻiwai |url=https://www.hawaii.edu/kawaihapai/akua-list/kane/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=Approval of Well Construction and Pump Installation Applications with Special Conditions for HWC-1 (State Well No. 8-1128-003) and HWC-2 (State Well No. 8-1128-004) |url=https://files.hawaii.gov/dlnr/cwrm/submittal/2022/sb20221115B7.pdf |website=files.hawaii.gov}}</ref> {{langlink|haw|Kanaloa}}, the Hawaiian god of the underworld, is represented by the [[phallic]] stone of {{lang|haw|Kukaʻemoku}}, the {{langr|haw|ʻĪao}} Needle. | ||
{{langrlink|haw|Kapawā}}, the king of {{langr|haw|Hawai{{okina}}i}} prior to {{langrlink|haw|Pilikaʻaiea}}, was buried here. Maui's ruler {{langrlink|haw|Kakae|Kaka{{okina}}e}} designated {{langr|haw|ʻĪao}} Valley as an {{langlink|haw|ali{{okina}}i}} burial ground in the late 15th century. The remains were buried in secret places. In 1790, the [[Battle of Kepaniwai]] took place there, in which [[Kamehameha I|Kamehameha the Great]] defeated {{langrlink|haw|Kalanikūpule}} and the Maui army during his campaign to unify the islands. The battle was said to be so bloody that dead bodies blocked {{langr|haw|ʻĪao}} Stream, and the battle site was named {{langr|haw|Kepaniwai}} ("the damming of the waters"). | |||
== Kepaniwai Park and Heritage Gardens == | == {{langr|haw|Kepaniwai}} Park and Heritage Gardens == | ||
Established in 1952, the Heritage Gardens in Kepaniwai Park recognize the multicultural history of Maui. Tributes and structures celebrate the contributions of Hawaiian, American missionary, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Korean, and Filipino cultures. The gardens had become overgrown and were restored in 1994.<ref>{{cite book | Established in 1952, the Heritage Gardens in {{langr|haw|Kepaniwai}} Park recognize the multicultural history of Maui. Tributes and structures celebrate the contributions of Hawaiian, American missionary, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Korean, and Filipino cultures. The gardens had become overgrown and were restored in 1994.<ref>{{cite book | ||
| last = Kepler | | last = Kepler | ||
| first = Angela Kay | | first = Angela Kay | ||
Latest revision as of 11:55, 31 March 2026
Iao Valley, (/ˈiːaʊ/; Hawaiian Template:Langr Valley, for "cloud supreme") is a lush, stream-cut valley in West Maui, Hawaii, located 3.1 miles (5 km) west of Wailuku.[1] Because of its natural environment and history, it has become a tourist location. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1972.[2]
Template:Langr Valley State Monument
.jpg){kind=link}
The state park is located on 6.2 acres (2.5 ha) at the end of Template:Langr Valley Road (Highway 32). The Template:Langr Needle (Template:Langr), a landmark in the state park, is a vegetation-covered lava remnant rising 1,200 feet (370 m) from the valley floor or 2,250 feet (690 m) above sea level. The "needle" is a sharp ridge that gives the appearance of being a spire when viewed end-on.[3] The needle is an extension of and surrounded by the cliffs of the West Maui Mountains, an extinct volcano. There is a short trail (Template:Langr Needle Lookout Trail and Ethnobotanical Loop) to a windy overlook.[4]
Rainforest
Iao Valley is covered in dense rainforest, most of which consists of introduced vegetation on the valley floor. The Puʻu Kukui summit area at the valley's head receives an average 386 inches (9.8 m) of rainfall per year,[5] making it the state's second wettest location after The Big Bog, slightly wetter than Mount Waiʻaleʻale.[6] Much of this rainfall ends up flowing into the ʻĪao Stream. Trails in the State Park run alongside ʻĪao Stream and through the forest.
Above the Iao valley at the Template:Langr watershed is a native cloud forest of Template:Langlink and Template:Langlink. This forest is home to many native species including birds like the Template:Langlink, Template:Langlink and Template:Langlink.
History
TemplateStyles' src attribute must not be empty.
The Hawaiian god Template:Langlink is considered to be the procreator and the provider of life. He is associated with wai (fresh water) as well as clouds, rain, streams, and springs.[7][8] Template:Langlink, the Hawaiian god of the underworld, is represented by the phallic stone of Kukaʻemoku, the Template:Langr Needle.
Template:Langrlink, the king of Template:Langr prior to Template:Langrlink, was buried here. Maui's ruler Template:Langrlink designated Template:Langr Valley as an Template:Langlink burial ground in the late 15th century. The remains were buried in secret places. In 1790, the Battle of Kepaniwai took place there, in which Kamehameha the Great defeated Template:Langrlink and the Maui army during his campaign to unify the islands. The battle was said to be so bloody that dead bodies blocked Template:Langr Stream, and the battle site was named Template:Langr ("the damming of the waters").
Template:Langr Park and Heritage Gardens
Established in 1952, the Heritage Gardens in Template:Langr Park recognize the multicultural history of Maui. Tributes and structures celebrate the contributions of Hawaiian, American missionary, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Korean, and Filipino cultures. The gardens had become overgrown and were restored in 1994.[9] The Hawaii nature center, just outside the gardens, has a museum and children's education about Hawaii and conservation.[10]
References
- ↑ "Iao Valley | Hawaii, Nature, Hiking | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on May 24, 2025. Retrieved February 4, 2026.
- ↑ "ʻĪao Valley". National Natural Landmark. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 16, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ↑ "The trail of the Ancients - the Iao Needle effect". Waialeale Base Camp. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "[[:Template:Langr]] Valley State Monument". Hawaii State Parks; Maui. Department of Land and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009. Retrieved March 14, 2009. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
- ↑ "NOAA Hawaiʻi rain gauge summary". Pacific Islands Water Science Center. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved February 20, 2009.
- ↑ "May 2010 Precipitation Summary". National Weather Service Forecast Office Honolulu, HI. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 7, 2010. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
Most of the gages in Maui County had below normal totals for 2010 through the end of May. Puu Kukui's 99.90 inches (57 percent of normal) led all totals county wide and ranked second highest in the state.
- ↑ "Kāne | Kahoʻiwai". Retrieved November 11, 2025.
- ↑ "Approval of Well Construction and Pump Installation Applications with Special Conditions for HWC-1 (State Well No. 8-1128-003) and HWC-2 (State Well No. 8-1128-004)" (PDF). files.hawaii.gov. September 15, 2022.
- ↑ Kepler, Angela Kay (2007). West Maui: A Natural History Guide (1st ed.). Mutual Publishing. ISBN 1-56647-823-5.
- ↑ "Hawaii Nature Center". Retrieved April 12, 2013.
Further reading
- Kyselka, Will; Ray E. Lanterman (1980). Maui: How it Came to Be. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-0530-5.
External links
Categories:
- CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict
- Use American English from March 2026
- Use mdy dates from August 2023
- Articles needing additional references from September 2022
- Articles containing Hawaiian-language text
- Valleys of Hawaii
- State parks of Hawaii
- Landforms of Maui
- Protected areas of Maui
- National Natural Landmarks in Hawaii
- Protected areas established in 1972
- 1972 establishments in Hawaii