List of artificial intelligence projects: Difference between revisions

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* [[Blue Brain Project]], an attempt to create a synthetic brain by [[Reverse engineering|reverse-engineering]] the mammalian brain down to the molecular level.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham-Rowe |first=Duncan |title=Mission to build a simulated brain begins |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7470-mission-to-build-a-simulated-brain-begins/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Blue Brain Project]], an attempt to create a synthetic brain by [[Reverse engineering|reverse-engineering]] the mammalian brain down to the molecular level.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham-Rowe |first=Duncan |title=Mission to build a simulated brain begins |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7470-mission-to-build-a-simulated-brain-begins/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Google Brain]], a deep learning project part of [[Google X]] attempting to have intelligence similar or equal to human-level.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-06 |title=What is Google Brain? |url=https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-google-brain/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=GeeksforGeeks |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Google Brain]], a deep learning project part of [[Google X]] attempting to have intelligence similar or equal to human-level.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-06 |title=What is Google Brain? |url=https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-google-brain/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=GeeksforGeeks |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Human Brain Project]], ten-year scientific research project, based on exascale supercomputers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siva |first=Nayanah |title=What happened to the Human Brain Project? |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02346-2 |journal=The Lancet |date=2023 |volume=402 |issue=10411 |pages=1408–1409 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02346-2 |pmid=37866363 |issn=0140-6736}}</ref>
* [[Human Brain Project]], ten-year scientific research project, based on exascale supercomputers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siva |first=Nayanah |title=What happened to the Human Brain Project? |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02346-2 |journal=The Lancet |date=2023 |volume=402 |issue=10411 |pages=1408–1409 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02346-2 |pmid=37866363 |issn=0140-6736|url-access=subscription }}</ref>


===Cognitive architectures===
===Cognitive architectures===
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* [[CHREST]], developed under [[Fernand Gobet]] at [[Brunel University]] and Peter C. Lane at the [[University of Hertfordshire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHREST {{!}} CHREST |url=http://chrest.info/chrest.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=chrest.info}}</ref>
* [[CHREST]], developed under [[Fernand Gobet]] at [[Brunel University]] and Peter C. Lane at the [[University of Hertfordshire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHREST {{!}} CHREST |url=http://chrest.info/chrest.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=chrest.info}}</ref>
* [[CLARION (cognitive architecture)|CLARION]], developed under [[Ron Sun]] at [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] and University of Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The CLARION Project Home Page |url=http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/clarion.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818214002/http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/clarion.html |archive-date=2010-08-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[CLARION (cognitive architecture)|CLARION]], developed under [[Ron Sun]] at [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] and University of Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The CLARION Project Home Page |url=http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/clarion.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818214002/http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/clarion.html |archive-date=2010-08-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[JACK Intelligent Agents|CoJACK]], an [[ACT-R]] inspired extension to the JACK multi-agent system that adds a cognitive architecture to the agents for eliciting more realistic (human-like) behaviors in virtual environments.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ritter |first1=Frank E. |last2=Bittner |first2=Jennifer L. |last3=Kase |first3=Sue E. |last4=Evertsz |first4=Rick |last5=Pedrotti |first5=Matteo |last6=Busetta |first6=Paolo |year=2012 |title=CoJACK: A high-level cognitive architecture with demonstrations of moderators, variability, and implications for situation awareness |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bica.2012.04.004 |journal=Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures |volume=1 |pages=6 |doi=10.1016/j.bica.2012.04.004 |issn=2212-683X}}</ref>
* [[JACK Intelligent Agents|CoJACK]], an [[ACT-R]] inspired extension to the JACK multi-agent system that adds a cognitive architecture to the agents for eliciting more realistic (human-like) behaviors in virtual environments.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ritter |first1=Frank E. |last2=Bittner |first2=Jennifer L. |last3=Kase |first3=Sue E. |last4=Evertsz |first4=Rick |last5=Pedrotti |first5=Matteo |last6=Busetta |first6=Paolo |year=2012 |title=CoJACK: A high-level cognitive architecture with demonstrations of moderators, variability, and implications for situation awareness |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bica.2012.04.004 |journal=Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures |volume=1 |pages=6 |doi=10.1016/j.bica.2012.04.004 |issn=2212-683X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[Copycat (software)|Copycat]], by [[Douglas Hofstadter]] and [[Melanie Mitchell]] at the [[Indiana University (Bloomington)|Indiana University]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hofstadter |first=Douglas R. |url=https://pcl.sitehost.iu.edu/rgoldsto/courses/concepts/copycat.pdf |title=Fluid concepts & creative analogies: computer models of the fundamental mechanisms of thought |date=1995 |publisher=Basic Books |others=Fluid Analogies Research Group |isbn=978-0-465-05154-0 |location=New York |pages=205 |language=en-US |chapter=The Copycat Project: A Model Of Mental Fluidity and Analogy-making}}</ref>
* [[Copycat (software)|Copycat]], by [[Douglas Hofstadter]] and [[Melanie Mitchell]] at the [[Indiana University (Bloomington)|Indiana University]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hofstadter |first=Douglas R. |url=https://pcl.sitehost.iu.edu/rgoldsto/courses/concepts/copycat.pdf |title=Fluid concepts & creative analogies: computer models of the fundamental mechanisms of thought |date=1995 |publisher=Basic Books |others=Fluid Analogies Research Group |isbn=978-0-465-05154-0 |location=New York |pages=205 |language=en-US |chapter=The Copycat Project: A Model Of Mental Fluidity and Analogy-making}}</ref>
* [[DUAL (cognitive architecture)|DUAL]], developed at the [[New Bulgarian University]] under [[Boicho Kokinov]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=DUAL Cognitive Architecture |url=https://alexpetrov.com/proj/dual/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=alexpetrov.com}}</ref>
* [[DUAL (cognitive architecture)|DUAL]], developed at the [[New Bulgarian University]] under [[Boicho Kokinov]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=DUAL Cognitive Architecture |url=https://alexpetrov.com/proj/dual/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=alexpetrov.com}}</ref>
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* [[Soar (cognitive architecture)|Soar]], developed under [[Allen Newell]] and [[John E. Laird|John Laird]] at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] and the [[University of Michigan]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Soar Cognitive Architecture |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262538534/the-soar-cognitive-architecture/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |language=en-US |isbn=9780262538534 |last1=Laird |first1=John E. |date=20 August 2019 |publisher=MIT Press }}</ref>
* [[Soar (cognitive architecture)|Soar]], developed under [[Allen Newell]] and [[John E. Laird|John Laird]] at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] and the [[University of Michigan]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Soar Cognitive Architecture |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262538534/the-soar-cognitive-architecture/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |language=en-US |isbn=9780262538534 |last1=Laird |first1=John E. |date=20 August 2019 |publisher=MIT Press }}</ref>
* ''[[Society of Mind]]'' and its successor ''[[The Emotion Machine]]'' proposed by [[Marvin Minsky]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Minsky |first=Marvin |title=The society of mind |date=1986 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-671-60740-1 |location=New York}}</ref>
* ''[[Society of Mind]]'' and its successor ''[[The Emotion Machine]]'' proposed by [[Marvin Minsky]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Minsky |first=Marvin |title=The society of mind |date=1986 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-671-60740-1 |location=New York}}</ref>
* [[Subsumption architecture]]s, developed e.g. by [[Rodney Brooks]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brooks |first=R. |date=1986 |title=A robust layered control system for a mobile robot |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1087032 |journal=IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=14–23 |doi=10.1109/JRA.1986.1087032 |issn=0882-4967|hdl=1721.1/6432 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> (though it could be argued whether they are ''cognitive'').
* [[Subsumption architecture]]s, developed e.g. by [[Rodney Brooks]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brooks |first=R. |date=1986 |title=A robust layered control system for a mobile robot |journal=IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=14–23 |doi=10.1109/JRA.1986.1087032 |bibcode=1986IJRA....2...14B |issn=0882-4967|hdl=1721.1/6432 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> (though it could be argued whether they are ''cognitive'').


===Games===
===Games===
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* The [[Samuel Checkers-playing Program]] (1959) was among the world's first successful self-learning programs, and as such a very early demonstration of the fundamental concept of artificial intelligence (AI).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sutton |first=Richard |url=https://web.stanford.edu/class/psych209/Readings/SuttonBartoIPRLBook2ndEd.pdf |title=Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction |publisher=MIT Press |year=1997 |page=279 |language=en |chapter=14.2 Samuel's Checkers Player}}</ref>
* The [[Samuel Checkers-playing Program]] (1959) was among the world's first successful self-learning programs, and as such a very early demonstration of the fundamental concept of artificial intelligence (AI).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sutton |first=Richard |url=https://web.stanford.edu/class/psych209/Readings/SuttonBartoIPRLBook2ndEd.pdf |title=Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction |publisher=MIT Press |year=1997 |page=279 |language=en |chapter=14.2 Samuel's Checkers Player}}</ref>
* [[Stockfish (chess)|Stockfish AI]], an open source chess engine currently ranked the highest in many [[Chess engine#Ratings|computer chess rankings]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://stockfishchess.org/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Stockfish |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Stockfish (chess)|Stockfish AI]], an open source chess engine currently ranked the highest in many [[Chess engine#Ratings|computer chess rankings]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://stockfishchess.org/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Stockfish |language=en}}</ref>
* [[TD-Gammon]], a program that learned to play world-class [[backgammon]] partly by playing against itself ([[temporal difference learning]] with [[Artificial neural network|neural network]]s).<ref>{{Citation |title=TD-Gammon |date=2010 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Machine Learning |pages=955–956 |editor-last=Sammut |editor-first=Claude |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_813 |access-date=2024-06-07 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_813 |isbn=978-0-387-30164-8 |editor2-last=Webb |editor2-first=Geoffrey I.}}</ref>
* [[TD-Gammon]], a program that learned to play world-class [[backgammon]] partly by playing against itself ([[temporal difference learning]] with [[Artificial neural network|neural network]]s).<ref>{{Citation |title=TD-Gammon |date=2010 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Machine Learning |pages=955–956 |editor-last=Sammut |editor-first=Claude |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_813 |access-date=2024-06-07 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_813 |isbn=978-0-387-30164-8 |editor2-last=Webb |editor2-first=Geoffrey I.|url-access=subscription }}</ref>


===Internet activism===
===Internet activism===
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* [[Holmes (computer)|Holmes]] a new AI created by [[Wipro]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wipro HOLMES™ |url=https://www.thewealthmosaic.com/vendors/wipro/wipro-holmestm/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Wealth Mosaic}}</ref>
* [[Holmes (computer)|Holmes]] a new AI created by [[Wipro]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wipro HOLMES™ |url=https://www.thewealthmosaic.com/vendors/wipro/wipro-holmestm/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Wealth Mosaic}}</ref>
* [[Microsoft Cortana]], an intelligent personal assistant with a voice interface in [[Microsoft]]'s various [[Windows 10 editions]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levy |first=Karyne |title=Microsoft Has Its Own Version Of Siri, A Voice Assistant Called 'Cortana' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/microsofts-cortana-voice-assistant-2014-4 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Microsoft Cortana]], an intelligent personal assistant with a voice interface in [[Microsoft]]'s various [[Windows 10 editions]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levy |first=Karyne |title=Microsoft Has Its Own Version Of Siri, A Voice Assistant Called 'Cortana' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/microsofts-cortana-voice-assistant-2014-4 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Mycin]], an early medical expert system.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yu |first=Victor L. |date=1979-09-21 |title=Antimicrobial Selection by a Computer: A Blinded Evaluation by Infectious Diseases Experts |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.1979.03300120033020 |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=242 |issue=12 |pages=1279–1282 |doi=10.1001/jama.1979.03300120033020 |pmid=480542 |issn=0098-7484}}</ref>
* [[MindsDB]], is an AI automation platform for building AI/[[Machine learning|ML]] powered features and applications.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.computerweekly.com/blog/Open-Source-Insider/MindsDB-drives-AI-for-open-source-machine-learning| title=MindsDB drives AI for open source machine learning | accessdate=2024-11-20}}</ref>
* [[Mycin]], an early medical expert system.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yu |first=Victor L. |date=1979-09-21 |title=Antimicrobial Selection by a Computer: A Blinded Evaluation by Infectious Diseases Experts |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.1979.03300120033020 |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=242 |issue=12 |pages=1279–1282 |doi=10.1001/jama.1979.03300120033020 |pmid=480542 |issn=0098-7484|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[Open Mind Common Sense]], a project based at the [[MIT Media Lab]] to build a large common sense [[knowledge base]] from online contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Overview ‹ Open Mind Common Sense |url=https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/open-mind-common-sense/overview/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=MIT Media Lab}}</ref>
* [[Open Mind Common Sense]], a project based at the [[MIT Media Lab]] to build a large common sense [[knowledge base]] from online contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Overview ‹ Open Mind Common Sense |url=https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/open-mind-common-sense/overview/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=MIT Media Lab}}</ref>
* [[Siri]], an intelligent personal assistant and [[Knowledge Navigator|knowledge navigator]] with a voice-interface in [[Apple Inc.]]'s [[iOS]] and [[macOS]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-22 |title=SIRI RISING: The Inside Story Of Siri's Origins -- And Why She Could Overshadow The iPhone |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/siri-do-engine-apple-iphone_n_2499165 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Siri]], an intelligent personal assistant and [[Knowledge Navigator|knowledge navigator]] with a voice-interface in [[Apple Inc.]]'s [[iOS]] and [[macOS]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-22 |title=SIRI RISING: The Inside Story Of Siri's Origins -- And Why She Could Overshadow The iPhone |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/siri-do-engine-apple-iphone_n_2499165 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref>
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* [[Viv (software)]], a new AI by the creators of [[Siri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kastrenakes |first=Jacob |date=2016-05-04 |title=Siri's creators will unveil their new AI bot on Monday |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/4/11593564/viv-labs-unveiling-monday-new-ai-from-siri-creators |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Viv (software)]], a new AI by the creators of [[Siri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kastrenakes |first=Jacob |date=2016-05-04 |title=Siri's creators will unveil their new AI bot on Monday |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/4/11593564/viv-labs-unveiling-monday-new-ai-from-siri-creators |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Wolfram Alpha]], an online service that answers queries by computing the answer from structured data.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-05-18 |title=Wolfram 'search engine' goes live |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8052798.stm |access-date=2024-06-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Wolfram Alpha]], an online service that answers queries by computing the answer from structured data.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-05-18 |title=Wolfram 'search engine' goes live |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8052798.stm |access-date=2024-06-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[MindsDB]], is an AI automation platform for building AI/[[Machine learning|ML]] powered features and applications.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.computerweekly.com/blog/Open-Source-Insider/MindsDB-drives-AI-for-open-source-machine-learning| title=MindsDB drives AI for open source machine learning | accessdate=2024-11-20}}</ref>


===Motion and manipulation===
===Motion and manipulation===
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* [[Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity]] (A.L.I.C.E.), a natural language processing [[chatterbot]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Alicebot Technology History |url=http://www.alicebot.org/history/technology.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230095936/http://www.alicebot.org/history/technology.html |archive-date=2017-12-30 |accessdate=2024-06-07 |website=alicebot.org}}</ref>
* [[Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity]] (A.L.I.C.E.), a natural language processing [[chatterbot]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Alicebot Technology History |url=http://www.alicebot.org/history/technology.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230095936/http://www.alicebot.org/history/technology.html |archive-date=2017-12-30 |accessdate=2024-06-07 |website=alicebot.org}}</ref>
* [[ChatGPT]], a chatbot built on top of OpenAI's [[GPT-3|GPT-3.5]] and [[GPT-4]] family of [[large language model]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Benj |date=2023-03-14 |title=OpenAI's GPT-4 exhibits "human-level performance" on professional benchmarks |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/03/openai-announces-gpt-4-its-next-generation-ai-language-model/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
* [[ChatGPT]], a chatbot built on top of OpenAI's [[GPT-3|GPT-3.5]] and [[GPT-4]] family of [[large language model]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Benj |date=2023-03-14 |title=OpenAI's GPT-4 exhibits "human-level performance" on professional benchmarks |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/03/openai-announces-gpt-4-its-next-generation-ai-language-model/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
* [[Claude (language model)|Claude]], a family of large language models developed by [[Anthropic]] and launched in 2023. Claude LLMs achieved high coding scores in several recognized LLM benchmarks. [https://www.swebench.com/] [https://paperswithcode.com/sota/code-generation-on-humaneval]
* [[Claude (language model)|Claude]], a family of large language models developed by [[Anthropic]] and launched in 2023. Claude LLMs achieved high coding scores in several recognized LLM benchmarks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trending Papers - Hugging Face |url=https://huggingface.co/papers/trending |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=huggingface.co}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SWE-bench Leaderboards |url=https://www.swebench.com/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=www.swebench.com}}</ref>
* [[Cleverbot]], successor to Jabberwacky, now with 170m lines of conversation, Deep Context, fuzziness and parallel processing. Cleverbot learns from around 2 million user interactions per month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saenz |first=Aaron |date=2010-01-13 |title=Cleverbot Chat Engine Is Learning From The Internet To Talk Like A Human |url=https://singularityhub.com/2010/01/13/cleverbot-chat-engine-is-learning-from-the-internet-to-talk-like-a-human/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Singularity Hub |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Cleverbot]], successor to Jabberwacky, now with 170m lines of conversation, Deep Context, fuzziness and parallel processing. Cleverbot learns from around 2 million user interactions per month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saenz |first=Aaron |date=2010-01-13 |title=Cleverbot Chat Engine Is Learning From The Internet To Talk Like A Human |url=https://singularityhub.com/2010/01/13/cleverbot-chat-engine-is-learning-from-the-internet-to-talk-like-a-human/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Singularity Hub |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[DeepSeek]]: Chinese chatbot funded by hedge fund High-Flyer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-21 |title=Beijing puts spotlight on China’s new face of AI, DeepSeek’s Liang Wenfeng |url=https://www.scmp.com/tech/policy/article/3295662/beijing-meeting-puts-spotlight-chinas-new-face-ai-deepseek-founder-liang-wenfeng |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
* [[DBRX]], 136 billion parameter open sourced large language model developed by [[Mosaic ML]] and [[Databricks]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Will |title=Inside the Creation of the World's Most Powerful Open Source AI Model |url=https://www.wired.com/story/dbrx-inside-the-creation-of-the-worlds-most-powerful-open-source-ai-model/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>
* [[ELIZA]], a famous 1966 computer program by [[Joseph Weizenbaum]], which parodied [[person-centered therapy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2012-09-13 |title=Alan Turing at 100 |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/09/alan-turing-at-100/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Harvard Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[ELIZA]], a famous 1966 computer program by [[Joseph Weizenbaum]], which parodied [[person-centered therapy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2012-09-13 |title=Alan Turing at 100 |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/09/alan-turing-at-100/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Harvard Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[FreeHAL]], a self-learning conversation simulator ([[chatterbot]]) which uses semantic nets to organize its knowledge to imitate a very close human behavior within conversations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About - FreeHAL |url=https://freehal.github.io/index.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=freehal.github.io}}</ref>
* [[FreeHAL]], a self-learning conversation simulator ([[chatterbot]]) which uses semantic nets to organize its knowledge to imitate a very close human behavior within conversations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About - FreeHAL |url=https://freehal.github.io/index.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=freehal.github.io}}</ref>
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* [[SHRDLU]], an early natural language processing computer program developed by [[Terry Winograd]] at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] from 1968 to 1970.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Winograd |first=Terry |date=1971-01-01 |title=Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7095 |journal=AI Technical Reports |hdl=1721.1/7095 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[SHRDLU]], an early natural language processing computer program developed by [[Terry Winograd]] at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] from 1968 to 1970.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Winograd |first=Terry |date=1971-01-01 |title=Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7095 |journal=AI Technical Reports |hdl=1721.1/7095 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[SYSTRAN]], a [[machine translation]] technology by the company of the same name, used by [[Yahoo!]], [[AltaVista]] and [[Google]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giussani |first=Bruno |date=1998-03-10 |title=Free Translation of Language Proves More Divertimento Than a Keg of Monkeys |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/98/03/cyber/eurobytes/10euro.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref>
* [[SYSTRAN]], a [[machine translation]] technology by the company of the same name, used by [[Yahoo!]], [[AltaVista]] and [[Google]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giussani |first=Bruno |date=1998-03-10 |title=Free Translation of Language Proves More Divertimento Than a Keg of Monkeys |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/98/03/cyber/eurobytes/10euro.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref>
* [[DBRX]], 136 billion parameter open sourced large language model developed by [[Mosaic ML]] and [[Databricks]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Will |title=Inside the Creation of the World's Most Powerful Open Source AI Model |url=https://www.wired.com/story/dbrx-inside-the-creation-of-the-worlds-most-powerful-open-source-ai-model/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>


===Speech recognition===
===Speech recognition===
{{further|List of speech recognition software}}
{{further|List of speech recognition software}}
* [[CMU Sphinx]], a group of speech recognition systems developed at Carnegie Mellon University.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=El Amrani |first1=Mohamed Yassine |last2=Rahman |first2=M.M. Hafizur |last3=Wahiddin |first3=Mohamed Ridza |last4=Shah |first4=Asadullah |year=2016 |title=Building CMU Sphinx language model for the Holy Quran using simplified Arabic phonemes |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eij.2016.04.002 |journal=Egyptian Informatics Journal |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=305–314 |doi=10.1016/j.eij.2016.04.002 |issn=1110-8665}}</ref>
* [[CMU Sphinx]], a group of speech recognition systems developed at Carnegie Mellon University.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=El Amrani |first1=Mohamed Yassine |last2=Rahman |first2=M.M. Hafizur |last3=Wahiddin |first3=Mohamed Ridza |last4=Shah |first4=Asadullah |year=2016 |title=Building CMU Sphinx language model for the Holy Quran using simplified Arabic phonemes |journal=Egyptian Informatics Journal |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=305–314 |doi=10.1016/j.eij.2016.04.002 |issn=1110-8665|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[DeepSpeech]], an [[Open source|open-source]] Speech-To-Text engine based on Baidu's deep speech research paper.<ref>{{cite web |title=A TensorFlow implementation of Baidu's DeepSpeech architecture |date=2017-12-05 |url=https://github.com/mozilla/DeepSpeech |publisher=Mozilla |access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref>
* [[DeepSpeech]], an [[Open source|open-source]] Speech-To-Text engine based on Baidu's deep speech research paper.<ref>{{cite web |title=A TensorFlow implementation of Baidu's DeepSpeech architecture |date=2017-12-05 |url=https://github.com/mozilla/DeepSpeech |publisher=Mozilla |access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref>
* [[Whisper (speech recognition system)|Whisper]], an open-source speech recognition system developed at OpenAI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2022-09-21 |title=OpenAI open-sources Whisper, a multilingual speech recognition system |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/09/21/openai-open-sources-whisper-a-multilingual-speech-recognition-system/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Whisper (speech recognition system)|Whisper]], an open-source speech recognition system developed at OpenAI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2022-09-21 |title=OpenAI open-sources Whisper, a multilingual speech recognition system |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/09/21/openai-open-sources-whisper-a-multilingual-speech-recognition-system/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
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===Video===
===Video===
 
* [[CapCut]] is a video editor tool, developed by [[ByteDance]] for short video content on TikTok, [[YouTube]], Instagram, and other social media platforms.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ai Tools Directory |url=https://aitoolspin.com |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=Ai Tools Directory |language=en}}</ref>
* [[HeyGen]] is a video creation platform that generates digital avatars that recite and translate text inputs into varying languages.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fried |first=Ina |title=How to create your own personal deepfake |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/09/01/personal-deepfake-ai-video-avatar |work=Axios |date=1 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[HeyGen]] is a video creation platform that generates digital avatars that recite and translate text inputs into varying languages.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fried |first=Ina |title=How to create your own personal deepfake |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/09/01/personal-deepfake-ai-video-avatar |work=Axios |date=1 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[Synthesia (company)|Synthesia]] is a video creation and editing platform, with AI-generated avatars that resemble real human beings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heikkiläarchive |first=Melissa |title=An AI startup made a hyperrealistic deepfake of me that's so good it's scary |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/04/25/1091772/new-generative-ai-avatar-deepfake-synthesia/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Synthesia (company)|Synthesia]] is a video creation and editing platform, with AI-generated avatars that resemble real human beings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heikkiläarchive |first=Melissa |title=An AI startup made a hyperrealistic deepfake of me that's so good it's scary |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/04/25/1091772/new-generative-ai-avatar-deepfake-synthesia/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Veo (text-to-video model)|VEO]] is a text to video model developed by [[Google DeepMind]], VEO 3, the model released in May 2025 can also generate the video's audio
* [[Sora (text-to-video model)|Sora]] is also a text to video model made by [[OpenAI]], the model generated short video clips based on prompts given by the user.  Discontinued on september 30th 2026 due to the project not being profitable.


===Other===
===Other===
Line 115: Line 118:
* [[AlphaFold]] is a deep learning based system developed by [[DeepMind]] for [[Protein structure prediction|prediction of protein structure]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=AlphaFold |url=https://deepmind.google/technologies/alphafold/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Google DeepMind |language=en}}</ref>
* [[AlphaFold]] is a deep learning based system developed by [[DeepMind]] for [[Protein structure prediction|prediction of protein structure]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=AlphaFold |url=https://deepmind.google/technologies/alphafold/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Google DeepMind |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Otter.ai]] is a speech-to-text synthesis and summary platform, which allows users to record online meetings as text. It additionally creates live captions during meetings.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |date=2019-10-02 |title=From Your Mouth to Your Screen, Transcribing Takes the Next Step |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/02/technology/automatic-speech-transcription-ai.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* [[Otter.ai]] is a speech-to-text synthesis and summary platform, which allows users to record online meetings as text. It additionally creates live captions during meetings.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |date=2019-10-02 |title=From Your Mouth to Your Screen, Transcribing Takes the Next Step |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/02/technology/automatic-speech-transcription-ai.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* [[Cluely]] is an AI assistant for virtual interviews.
* [[Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations]] (SEAS), a model of the real world used by [[Homeland security]] and the [[United States Department of Defense]] that uses [[simulation]] and AI to predict and evaluate future events and courses of action.<ref name=register>{{cite web |url= https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/23/sentient_worlds/ |title= Sentient world: war games on the grandest scale|last1= Baard|first1= Mark |date= 23 June 2007 |website= [[The Register]] }}</ref>
* [[Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations]] (SEAS), a model of the real world used by [[Homeland security]] and the [[United States Department of Defense]] that uses [[simulation]] and AI to predict and evaluate future events and courses of action.<ref name=register>{{cite web |url= https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/23/sentient_worlds/ |title= Sentient world: war games on the grandest scale|last1= Baard|first1= Mark |date= 23 June 2007 |website= [[The Register]] }}</ref>
===Code generation===
{{Main|List of AI-assisted software development tools}}
* [[Amazon Q|Amazon Q Developer]] — AI coding assistant by [[Amazon Web Services]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2024 |title=Amazon Q for developers is generally available |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2336880/amazon-q-for-developers-is-generally-available.html |access-date=May 4, 2026 |website=InfoWorld}}</ref>
* [[Claude (language model)#Claude Code|Claude Code]] — AI coding tool by [[Anthropic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2026 |title=The AI code wars are heating up |url=https://www.theverge.com/column/910019/ai-coding-wars-openai-google-anthropic |access-date=May 4, 2026 |website=The Verge}}</ref>
* [[OpenAI Codex (AI agent)|Codex]] — AI coding agent by [[OpenAI]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 28, 2026 |title=OpenAI brings latest AI models, Codex coding agent to Amazon Bedrock |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/openai-brings-latest-ai-models-codex-coding-agent-amazon-bedrock-2026-04-28/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
* [[Cursor (code editor)|Cursor]] — AI-assisted code editor by [[Anysphere]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 3, 2025 |title=AI vibe-coding startups burst onto scene with sky-high valuations |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/ai-vibe-coding-startups-burst-onto-scene-with-sky-high-valuations-2025-06-03/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
* [[Devin AI]] — AI software development agent by [[Cognition AI]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Will |date=March 14, 2024 |title=Forget Chatbots. AI Agents Are the Future |url=https://www.wired.com/story/fast-forward-forget-chatbots-ai-agents-are-the-future/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |magazine=Wired}}</ref>
* [[GitHub Copilot]] — AI coding assistant by [[GitHub]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Microsoft attracting users to its code-writing, generative AI software |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-attracting-users-its-code-writing-generative-ai-software-2023-01-25/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
* [[Google Antigravity]] — AI coding environment by [[Google]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitwam |first=Ryan |date=November 18, 2025 |title=Google unveils Gemini 3 AI model and AI-first IDE called Antigravity |url=https://arstechnica.com/google/2025/11/google-unveils-gemini-3-ai-model-and-ai-first-ide-called-antigravity/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref>
* [[Replit|Replit Agent]] — AI app-building agent by [[Replit]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 10, 2025 |title=AI software developer Replit raises $250 million at $3 billion valuation |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/ai-software-developer-replit-raises-250-million-3-billion-valuation-2025-09-10/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
* [[Tabnine]] — AI code completion tool.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2023 |title=Code-generating AI platform Tabnine nabs $25M investment |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/08/code-generating-ai-platform-tabnine-nabs-25m-investment/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref>


==Multipurpose projects==
==Multipurpose projects==
Line 133: Line 149:
* [[Neuroph]], a Java neural network framework.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Java Neural Network Framework Neuroph |url=https://neuroph.sourceforge.net/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=neuroph.sourceforge.net}}</ref>
* [[Neuroph]], a Java neural network framework.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Java Neural Network Framework Neuroph |url=https://neuroph.sourceforge.net/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=neuroph.sourceforge.net}}</ref>
* [[OpenCog]], a GPL-licensed framework for artificial intelligence written in C++, Python and Scheme.<ref name=":0" />
* [[OpenCog]], a GPL-licensed framework for artificial intelligence written in C++, Python and Scheme.<ref name=":0" />
* [[PolyAnalyst]]: A commercial tool for data mining, [[text mining]], and [[knowledge management]].<ref>{{Citation |last1=Zhang |first1=Qingyu |title=Commercial Data Mining Software |date=2010 |work=Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook |pages=1245–1268 |editor-last=Maimon |editor-first=Oded |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09823-4_65 |access-date=2024-06-07 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-09823-4_65 |isbn=978-0-387-09823-4 |last2=Segall |first2=Richard S. |bibcode=2010dmak.book.1245Z |editor2-last=Rokach |editor2-first=Lior}}</ref>
* [[PolyAnalyst]]: A commercial tool for data mining, [[text mining]], and [[knowledge management]].<ref>{{Citation |last1=Zhang |first1=Qingyu |title=Commercial Data Mining Software |date=2010 |work=Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook |pages=1245–1268 |editor-last=Maimon |editor-first=Oded |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09823-4_65 |access-date=2024-06-07 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-09823-4_65 |isbn=978-0-387-09823-4 |last2=Segall |first2=Richard S. |bibcode=2010dmak.book.1245Z |editor2-last=Rokach |editor2-first=Lior|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[RapidMiner]], an environment for machine learning and [[data mining]], now developed commercially.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norris |first=David |date=2013-11-15 |title=RapidMiner – a potential game changer - Bloor Research |url=https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/,%20https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/,%20https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.bloorresearch.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[RapidMiner]], an environment for machine learning and [[data mining]], now developed commercially.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norris |first=David |date=2013-11-15 |title=RapidMiner – a potential game changer - Bloor Research |url=https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/,%20https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/,%20https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.bloorresearch.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Weka (machine learning)|Weka]], a free implementation of many machine learning algorithms in Java.<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Holmes |first1=Geoffrey |last2=Donkin |first2=Andrew |last3=Witten |first3=Ian H. |year=1994 |title=Weka: A machine learning workbench |url=https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/publications/1994/Holmes-ANZIIS-WEKA.pdf |conference=Proceedings of the Second Australia and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems, Brisbane, Australia}}</ref>
* [[Weka (machine learning)|Weka]], a free implementation of many machine learning algorithms in Java.<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Holmes |first1=Geoffrey |last2=Donkin |first2=Andrew |last3=Witten |first3=Ian H. |year=1994 |title=Weka: A machine learning workbench |url=https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/publications/1994/Holmes-ANZIIS-WEKA.pdf |conference=Proceedings of the Second Australia and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems, Brisbane, Australia}}</ref>
Line 144: Line 160:
* [[Comparison of cognitive architectures]]
* [[Comparison of cognitive architectures]]
* [[Comparison of deep-learning software]]
* [[Comparison of deep-learning software]]
* [[Comparison of machine learning software]]
* [[List of artificial intelligence journals]]
* [[List of artificial intelligence journals]]
* [[List of artificial intelligence algorithms]]
* [[Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software]]
* [[Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software]]


Line 152: Line 170:
==External links==
==External links==
* [https://github.com/search?q=artificial+intelligence&ref=searchresults&type=Repositories AI projects] on [[GitHub]]
* [https://github.com/search?q=artificial+intelligence&ref=searchresults&type=Repositories AI projects] on [[GitHub]]
* [http://sourceforge.net/directory/freshness:recently-updated/?q=artificial%20intelligence AI projects] on [[SourceForge]]
* [https://sourceforge.net/directory/freshness:recently-updated/?q=artificial%20intelligence AI projects] on [[SourceForge]]
<!-- Do not add a link to any individual project here under any circumstances. -->
<!-- Do not add a link to any individual project here under any circumstances. -->


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[[Category:Computing-related lists|Artificial intelligence projects]]
[[Category:Computing-related lists|Artificial intelligence projects]]
[[Category:Applications of artificial intelligence|*]]
[[Category:Applications of artificial intelligence|*]]
[[Category:Projects|Artificial intelligence]]

Latest revision as of 04:28, 25 May 2026

Template:Artificial intelligence

For a list of artificial intelligence companies, see List of artificial intelligence companies.

The following is a list of current and past, non-classified notable artificial intelligence projects.

Specialized projects

Brain-inspired

Cognitive architectures

Further information: List of cognitive architectures

Games

Internet activism

Knowledge and reasoning

Motion and manipulation

  • AIBO, the robot pet for the home, grew out of Sony's Computer Science Laboratory (CSL).[45]
  • Cog, a robot developed by MIT to study theories of cognitive science and artificial intelligence, now discontinued.[46]

Music

  • Melomics, a bioinspired technology for music composition and synthesization of music, where computers develop their own style, rather than mimic musicians.[47]

Natural language processing

Speech recognition

Further information: List of speech recognition software
  • CMU Sphinx, a group of speech recognition systems developed at Carnegie Mellon University.[70]
  • DeepSpeech, an open-source Speech-To-Text engine based on Baidu's deep speech research paper.[71]
  • Whisper, an open-source speech recognition system developed at OpenAI.[72]

Speech synthesis

Further information: Comparison of speech synthesizers
  • 15.ai, a real-time artificial intelligence text-to-speech tool developed by an anonymous researcher from MIT.[73]
  • Amazon Polly, a speech synthesis software by Amazon.[74]
  • Festival Speech Synthesis System, a general multi-lingual speech synthesis system developed at the Centre for Speech Technology Research (CSTR) at the University of Edinburgh.[75]
  • WaveNet, a deep neural network for generating raw audio.[76]

Video

  • CapCut is a video editor tool, developed by ByteDance for short video content on TikTok, YouTube, Instagram, and other social media platforms.[77]
  • HeyGen is a video creation platform that generates digital avatars that recite and translate text inputs into varying languages.[78]
  • Synthesia is a video creation and editing platform, with AI-generated avatars that resemble real human beings.[79]
  • VEO is a text to video model developed by Google DeepMind, VEO 3, the model released in May 2025 can also generate the video's audio
  • Sora is also a text to video model made by OpenAI, the model generated short video clips based on prompts given by the user. Discontinued on september 30th 2026 due to the project not being profitable.

Other

Code generation

Main article: List of AI-assisted software development tools

Multipurpose projects

Software libraries

GUI frameworks

Cloud services

See also

References

  1. ↑ Graham-Rowe, Duncan. "Mission to build a simulated brain begins". New Scientist. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  2. ↑ "What is Google Brain?". GeeksforGeeks. 2020-02-06. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  3. ↑ Siva, Nayanah (2023). "What happened to the Human Brain Project?". The Lancet. 402 (10411): 1408–1409. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02346-2. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 37866363 Check |pmid= value (help).
  4. ↑ Just, M. A., & Varma, S. (2007). The organization of thinking: What functional brain imaging reveals about the neuroarchitecture of complex cognition. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(3), 153-191.
  5. ↑ "ACT-R » Software". Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  6. ↑ Marcus Hutter (2000). A Theory of Universal Artificial Intelligence based on Algorithmic Complexity. arXiv:cs.AI/0004001. Bibcode:2000cs........4001H.
  7. ↑ "75 Years of Innovation: CALO (Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes)". SRI. 2020-07-30. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  8. ↑ "CHREST | CHREST". chrest.info. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  9. ↑ "The CLARION Project Home Page". Archived from the original on 2010-08-18.
  10. ↑ Ritter, Frank E.; Bittner, Jennifer L.; Kase, Sue E.; Evertsz, Rick; Pedrotti, Matteo; Busetta, Paolo (2012). "CoJACK: A high-level cognitive architecture with demonstrations of moderators, variability, and implications for situation awareness". Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures. 1: 6. doi:10.1016/j.bica.2012.04.004. ISSN 2212-683X.
  11. ↑ Hofstadter, Douglas R. (1995). "The Copycat Project: A Model Of Mental Fluidity and Analogy-making". Fluid concepts & creative analogies: computer models of the fundamental mechanisms of thought (PDF). Fluid Analogies Research Group. New York: Basic Books. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-465-05154-0.
  12. ↑ "DUAL Cognitive Architecture". alexpetrov.com. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  13. ↑ "FORR". www.cs.hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  14. ↑ "An Introduction to the LIDA Cognitive Architecture with Robotics Applications". Cognitive Computing Research Group - University of Memphis.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Hart, David (2009-02-27). "OpenCog: Open-Source Artificial General Intelligence for Virtual Worlds". Cyber Tech News. Archived from the original on 2009-03-06.
  16. ↑ Georgeff, Michael; Lansky, Amy (1986-01-01). "A System For Reasoning In Dynamic Domains: Fault Diagnosis On The Space Shuttle". SRI. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  17. ↑ Dörner, Dietrich (1999). Bauplan für eine Seele (in German) (1. Aufl ed.). Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Verl. ISBN 978-3-498-01288-5.
  18. ↑ Laird, John E. (20 August 2019). The Soar Cognitive Architecture. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262538534. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  19. ↑ Minsky, Marvin (1986). The society of mind. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-60740-1.
  20. ↑ Brooks, R. (1986). "A robust layered control system for a mobile robot". IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation. 2 (1): 14–23. Bibcode:1986IJRA....2...14B. doi:10.1109/JRA.1986.1087032. hdl:1721.1/6432. ISSN 0882-4967.
  21. ↑ "Artificial intelligence: Google's AlphaGo beats Go master Lee Se-dol". BBC News. 2016-03-12. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  22. ↑ "Chinook - World Man-Machine Checkers Champion". University of Alberta. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  23. ↑ Pandolfini, Bruce (1997-10-16). Kasparov and Deep Blue: The Historic Chess Match Between Man and Machine. Simon and Schuster. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-684-84852-5.
  24. ↑ "Cornell Tech - Two Sigma Announces Public Launch of Halite, A.I. Coding Game". Cornell Tech. 2016-11-02. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  25. ↑ "Libratus Poker AI Beats Humans for $1.76m. Is End of". PokerListings. 2017-01-31. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  26. ↑ Child, Oliver (13 March 2016). "Menace: the Machine Educable Noughts And Crosses Engine". Chalkdust Magazine. Archived from the original on 2016-10-19. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  27. ↑ Burgess, Matt. "You can now play a Pictionary-style game called Quick Draw against Google's AI". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  28. ↑ Sutton, Richard (1997). "14.2 Samuel's Checkers Player". Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction (PDF). MIT Press. p. 279.
  29. ↑ "About". Stockfish. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  30. ↑ Sammut, Claude; Webb, Geoffrey I., eds. (2010), "TD-Gammon", Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 955–956, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_813, ISBN 978-0-387-30164-8, retrieved 2024-06-07
  31. ↑ "Sistema que fiscaliza gastos de deputados gera 680 denúncias na Câmara" [System that monitors parliamentary spending generates 680 complaints in the Chamber of Deputies]. G1 (in Portuguese). 2017-01-25. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  32. ↑ "Free Artificial Intelligence (AI) software for your PC". ZDNET. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  33. ↑ Fisher, I. A. (2024-04-17). "Cyc: history's forgotten AI project". Outsider Art. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  34. ↑ Johnson, George (1984). "Eurisko, The Computer With A Mind Of Its Own". The Alicia Patterson Foundation. Archived from the original on 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  35. ↑ Luckerson, Victor. "This May Be Google's Coolest Invention Ever". Time. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  36. ↑ "Wipro HOLMES™". The Wealth Mosaic. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  37. ↑ Levy, Karyne. "Microsoft Has Its Own Version Of Siri, A Voice Assistant Called 'Cortana'". Business Insider. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  38. ↑ "MindsDB drives AI for open source machine learning". Retrieved 2024-11-20.
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