Parallel ATA: Difference between revisions
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imported>Mtpaley No PATA drives have been made in more than 10 years so it is time to upgrade "It has largely been replaced by SATA" to entirely obsolete especially as SATA is under pressure from NVME. |
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'''Parallel ATA''' ('''PATA'''), originally '''{{Not a typo|AT Attachment}}''', also known as '''Integrated Drive Electronics''' ('''IDE'''), is a [[standardization|standard]] [[Interface (computing)|interface]] designed for [[IBM PC]]-compatible computers. It was first developed by [[Western Digital]] and [[Compaq]] in 1986 for compatible hard drives and CD or DVD drives. The connection is used for [[computer storage]] such as [[hard disk drive|hard | '''Parallel ATA''' ('''PATA'''), originally '''{{Not a typo|AT Attachment}}''', also known as '''Integrated Drive Electronics''' ('''IDE'''), is a [[standardization|standard]] [[Interface (computing)|interface]] designed for [[IBM PC]]-compatible computers. It was first developed by [[Western Digital]] and [[Compaq]] in 1986 for compatible hard drives and CD or DVD drives. The connection is used for [[computer storage]] such as [[hard disk drive|hard disks]], [[Floppy disk variants|high-capacity floppy disk variants]],<ref name="Porter">{{cite book | ||
|title=1998 DISK/TREND REPORT, REMOVABLE DATA STORAGE |chapter= HIGH CAPACITY FLEXIBLE DISK DRIVE SPECIFICATIONS |first=Porter |last= James |date= October 1998 |pages=HFSPEC-4 thru HFSPEC-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Imation SuperDisk Internal IDE Drive User's Guide |date=1999 |publisher=Imation |edition=52-0000-5717-5 Rev. A 3/99}}</ref> | |title=1998 DISK/TREND REPORT, REMOVABLE DATA STORAGE |chapter= HIGH CAPACITY FLEXIBLE DISK DRIVE SPECIFICATIONS |first=Porter |last= James |date= October 1998 |pages=HFSPEC-4 thru HFSPEC-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Imation SuperDisk Internal IDE Drive User's Guide |date=1999 |publisher=Imation |edition=52-0000-5717-5 Rev. A 3/99}}</ref> [[optical disc drive|optical disks]], and [[tape drive|tape]]. | ||
The standard is maintained by the X3/[[INCITS]] committee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.t13.org |title=t13.org}}</ref> It uses the underlying {{Not a typo|AT Attachment}} (ATA) and {{Not a typo|AT Attachment}} Packet Interface ([[ATA Packet Interface|ATAPI]]) standards. | The standard is maintained by the X3/[[INCITS]] committee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.t13.org |title=t13.org}}</ref> It uses the underlying {{Not a typo|AT Attachment}} (ATA) and {{Not a typo|AT Attachment}} Packet Interface ([[ATA Packet Interface|ATAPI]]) standards. | ||
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The Parallel ATA standard is the result of a long history of incremental technical development, which began with the original AT Attachment interface, developed for use in early [[PC AT]] equipment. The ATA interface itself evolved in several stages from [[Western Digital]]'s original [[Integrated Drive Electronics]] (IDE) interface. As a result, many near-synonyms for ATA/ATAPI and its previous incarnations are still in common informal use, in particular Extended IDE (EIDE) and Ultra ATA (UATA). After the introduction of [[SATA]] in 2003, the original ATA was [[retronym|renamed]] to Parallel ATA, or PATA for short. | The Parallel ATA standard is the result of a long history of incremental technical development, which began with the original AT Attachment interface, developed for use in early [[PC AT]] equipment. The ATA interface itself evolved in several stages from [[Western Digital]]'s original [[Integrated Drive Electronics]] (IDE) interface. As a result, many near-synonyms for ATA/ATAPI and its previous incarnations are still in common informal use, in particular Extended IDE (EIDE) and Ultra ATA (UATA). After the introduction of [[SATA]] in 2003, the original ATA was [[retronym|renamed]] to Parallel ATA, or PATA for short. | ||
Parallel ATA cables have a maximum allowable length of {{convert|18|inch | Parallel ATA cables have a maximum allowable length of {{convert|18|inch}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Serial ATA: A Comparison with Ultra ATA Technology |url=http://www.seagate.com/content/pdf/whitepaper/SerialATA_comparison_UATA_Technology.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105073432/http://www.seagate.com/content/pdf/whitepaper/SerialATA_comparison_UATA_Technology.pdf |publisher=Seagate Technology |access-date=23 January 2012 |archive-date=2012-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Frawley |first=Lucas |title=Parallel vs. Serial ATA |url=http://www.directron.com/patasata.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030801081711/http://www.directron.com/patasata.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 August 2003 |work=What Is? The Information for Your Computer Questions |publisher=Directron.com |access-date=23 January 2012}}</ref> Because of this limit, the technology normally appears as an internal computer storage interface. For many years, ATA provided the most common and the least expensive interface for this application but is now obsolete as it was replaced by SATA in the 2010s. | ||
== History and terminology == | == History and terminology == | ||
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=== IDE and ATA-1 === | === IDE and ATA-1 === | ||
[[File:1992 80386 PC AMD 386DX-40 no onboard IDE floppy serial parallel sound video or network.jpg|thumb|left|Example of a 1992 80386 PC motherboard with nothing built in other than memory, keyboard, processor, cache, realtime clock, and slots. Such basic motherboards could have been outfitted with either the ST-506 or ATA interface, but usually not both. A single 2-drive ATA interface and a floppy interface was added to this system via the 16-bit ISA card]] | [[File:1992 80386 PC AMD 386DX-40 no onboard IDE floppy serial parallel sound video or network.jpg|thumb|left|Example of a 1992 80386 PC motherboard with nothing built in other than memory, keyboard, processor, cache, realtime clock, and slots. Such basic motherboards could have been outfitted with either the ST-506 or ATA interface, but usually not both. A single 2-drive ATA interface and a floppy interface was added to this system via the 16-bit ISA card.]] | ||
The first version of what is now called the ATA/ATAPI interface was developed by [[Western Digital]] under the name ''Integrated Drive Electronics'' (IDE). Together with [[Compaq]] (the initial customer), they worked with various disk drive manufacturers to develop and ship early products with the goal of remaining software compatible with the existing IBM PC hard drive interface.<ref>{{cite web |title=System Architecture: a look at hard drives |url=http://www.ackadia.com/computer/system-architecture/system-architecture-harddrive.php |access-date=2008-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508023226/http://www.ackadia.com/computer/system-architecture/system-architecture-harddrive.php |archive-date=2006-05-08 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first such drives appeared internally in Compaq PCs in 1986<ref>{{cite web |website=The PC Guide |title=Overview and History of the IDE/ATA Interface |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/over.htm |archive-date=2001-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010418002244/http://www.pcguide.com:80/ref/hdd/if/ide/over.htm |access-date=2008-08-23 |first=Charles M. |last=Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref name="Milligan">{{cite web |title=The History of CAM ATA |url=http://www.ata-atapi.com/histcam.html |access-date=2008-08-27 |author=Gene Milligan |date=2005-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004160101/http://www.ata-atapi.com/histcam.html |archive-date=2008-10-04 |url-status=live}}</ref> and were first separately offered by [[Conner Peripherals]] as the CP342 in June 1987.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chmss.wikifoundry.com/page/Conner+CP341+Drive+%28ATA%2FIDE%29 |title=Conner CP341 Drive (ATA/IDE) |last=Burniece |first=Tom |date=July 21, 2011 |website=Wikifoundry |publisher=Computer History Museum Storage Special Interest Group |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224022517/http://chmss.wikifoundry.com/page/Conner+CP341+Drive+(ATA%2FIDE) |url-status=dead}}</ref> | The first version of what is now called the ATA/ATAPI interface was developed by [[Western Digital]] under the name ''Integrated Drive Electronics'' (IDE). Together with [[Compaq]] (the initial customer), they worked with various disk drive manufacturers to develop and ship early products with the goal of remaining software compatible with the existing IBM PC hard drive interface.<ref>{{cite web |title=System Architecture: a look at hard drives |url=http://www.ackadia.com/computer/system-architecture/system-architecture-harddrive.php |access-date=2008-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508023226/http://www.ackadia.com/computer/system-architecture/system-architecture-harddrive.php |archive-date=2006-05-08 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first such drives appeared internally in Compaq PCs in 1986<ref>{{cite web |website=The PC Guide |title=Overview and History of the IDE/ATA Interface |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/over.htm |archive-date=2001-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010418002244/http://www.pcguide.com:80/ref/hdd/if/ide/over.htm |access-date=2008-08-23 |first=Charles M. |last=Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref name="Milligan">{{cite web |title=The History of CAM ATA |url=http://www.ata-atapi.com/histcam.html |access-date=2008-08-27 |author=Gene Milligan |date=2005-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004160101/http://www.ata-atapi.com/histcam.html |archive-date=2008-10-04 |url-status=live}}</ref> and were first separately offered by [[Conner Peripherals]] as the CP342 in June 1987.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chmss.wikifoundry.com/page/Conner+CP341+Drive+%28ATA%2FIDE%29 |title=Conner CP341 Drive (ATA/IDE) |last=Burniece |first=Tom |date=July 21, 2011 |website=Wikifoundry |publisher=Computer History Museum Storage Special Interest Group |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224022517/http://chmss.wikifoundry.com/page/Conner+CP341+Drive+(ATA%2FIDE) |url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
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In 1994, about the same time that the ATA-1 standard was adopted, Western Digital introduced drives under a newer name, Enhanced IDE (EIDE). These included most of the features of the forthcoming ATA-2 specification and several additional enhancements. Other manufacturers introduced their own variations of ATA-1 such as "Fast ATA" and "Fast ATA-2". | In 1994, about the same time that the ATA-1 standard was adopted, Western Digital introduced drives under a newer name, Enhanced IDE (EIDE). These included most of the features of the forthcoming ATA-2 specification and several additional enhancements. Other manufacturers introduced their own variations of ATA-1 such as "Fast ATA" and "Fast ATA-2". | ||
The new version of the ANSI standard, ''AT Attachment Interface with Extensions ATA-2'' (X3.279-1996), was approved in 1996. It included most of the features of the manufacturer-specific variants.<ref>{{cite web |title=ATA (ATA-2) |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA2-c.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213170214/http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA2-c.html |archive-date=2019-02-13 |access-date=2008-08-23 |website=The PC Guide |first=Charles M. |last=Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref name=ATA2>{{cite book |last=Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment |title=AT Attachment Interface with Extensions (ATA-2) |publisher=Global Engineering Documents |year=1996}}</ref> | The new version of the ANSI standard, ''AT Attachment Interface with Extensions ATA-2'' (X3.279-1996), was approved in 1996. It included most of the features of the manufacturer-specific variants.<ref>{{cite web |title=ATA (ATA-2) |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA2-c.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213170214/http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA2-c.html |archive-date=2019-02-13 |access-date=2008-08-23 |website=The PC Guide |first=Charles M. |last=Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref name=ATA2>{{cite book |last= ((Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment)) |title=AT Attachment Interface with Extensions (ATA-2) |publisher=Global Engineering Documents |year=1996}}</ref> | ||
ATA-2 also was the first to note that devices other than hard drives could be attached to the interface: | ATA-2 also was the first to note that devices other than hard drives could be attached to the interface: | ||
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ATAPI is a protocol allowing the ATA interface to carry [[SCSI]] commands and responses; therefore, all ATAPI devices are actually "speaking SCSI" other than at the electrical interface. The SCSI commands and responses are embedded in "packets" (hence "ATA Packet Interface") for transmission on the ATA cable. This allows any device class for which a SCSI command set has been defined to be interfaced via ATA/ATAPI. | ATAPI is a protocol allowing the ATA interface to carry [[SCSI]] commands and responses; therefore, all ATAPI devices are actually "speaking SCSI" other than at the electrical interface. The SCSI commands and responses are embedded in "packets" (hence "ATA Packet Interface") for transmission on the ATA cable. This allows any device class for which a SCSI command set has been defined to be interfaced via ATA/ATAPI. | ||
ATAPI devices are | ATAPI devices are "speaking ATA", as the ATA physical interface and protocol are still being used to send the packets. On the other hand, ATA hard drives and solid state drives do not use ATAPI. In principle any device controlled by a SCSI command set could be supported over ATAPI given appropriate adapter and driver support, though in practice adoption was primarily by CD storage drives,<ref> | ||
{{cite Report |title=1997 Disk/trend report - Optical Disk Drives |last=Porter |first=James |date= August 1997 |page=SUM-49 | |||
|quote=ATAPI has become the dominant form of interface for CD-ROM drives, displacing both SCSI and proprietary interfaces ...}}</ref> DVD storage drives,<ref>{{cite report | |||
|title=Disk/trend report- optical and removable disk drives |last=Porter |first=James |date=July 1999 |chapter=CD format disk drive specifications |page=CDSPEC-4 to -61}} Table list 73 models of DVD storage devices of which 56 have ATAPI interfaces</ref> and high-capacity [[floppy disk|floppy]] drives, such as the [[Zip drive]] and [[SuperDisk drive]]. | |||
The SCSI commands and responses used by each class of ATAPI device are described in other documents or specifications specific to those device classes and are not within ATA/ATAPI or the [[T13 subcommittee|T13]] committee's purview. <!-- ATAPI Packet Commands for Block Devices (SFF-8070i) ATAPI Packet Commands for CD-ROMs (SFF-8020i) --> One commonly used set is defined in the [[MultiMedia Commands|MMC]] SCSI command set. | |||
The SCSI commands and responses used by each class of ATAPI device | |||
ATAPI was adopted as part of ATA in INCITS 317-1998, ''AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4)''.<ref>{{cite web |website=The PC Guide |title=SFF-8020 / ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI) |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATAPI-c.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130063326/http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATAPI-c.html |archive-date=2019-01-30 |access-date=2008-08-23 |first=Charles M. |last=Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=The PC Guide |title=ATA/ATAPI-4 |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA4-c.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130070833/http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA4-c.html |archive-date=2019-01-30 |access-date=2008-08-23 |first=Charles M. |last=Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment |url=http://www.t13.org/ |title=AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4) |publisher=Global Engineering Documents |year=1998}}</ref> | ATAPI was adopted as part of ATA in INCITS 317-1998, ''AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4)''.<ref>{{cite web |website=The PC Guide |title=SFF-8020 / ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI) |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATAPI-c.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130063326/http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATAPI-c.html |archive-date=2019-01-30 |access-date=2008-08-23 |first=Charles M. |last=Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=The PC Guide |title=ATA/ATAPI-4 |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA4-c.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130070833/http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA4-c.html |archive-date=2019-01-30 |access-date=2008-08-23 |first=Charles M. |last=Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment |url=http://www.t13.org/ |title=AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4) |publisher=Global Engineering Documents |year=1998}}</ref> | ||
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For [[NVMe]] drives, the security features, including lock passwords, were defined in the [[Opal Storage Specification|OPAL]] standard.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tcg-storage-opal-and-nvme/ |title=TCG Storage, Opal, and NVMe}}</ref> | For [[NVMe]] drives, the security features, including lock passwords, were defined in the [[Opal Storage Specification|OPAL]] standard.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tcg-storage-opal-and-nvme/ |title=TCG Storage, Opal, and NVMe}}</ref> | ||
For [[Data sanitization|sanitizing]] entire disks, the built-in Secure Erase command is effective when implemented correctly.<ref name="Wei2011">{{cite Q | Q115346857 |url=https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/fast11/tech/full_papers/Wei.pdf |journal=FAST'11: Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies |access-date=2018-01-08 |ref={{sfnref|Wei|2011}} }}</ref> There have been a few reported instances of failures to erase some or all data.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hddoracle.com/viewtopic.php?f=56&t=1412 |title=Beware – When SECURE ERASE doesn't erase at all |publisher=The HDD Oracle |date=2015-11-15 |access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tinyapps.org/docs/wipe_drives_hdparm.html |title=ATA Secure Erase (SE) and hdparm |date=2016-11-06 |access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref><ref name="Wei2011" /> | For [[Data sanitization|sanitizing]] entire disks, the built-in Secure Erase command is effective when implemented correctly.<ref name="Wei2011">{{cite Q | Q115346857 |url=https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/fast11/tech/full_papers/Wei.pdf |journal=FAST'11: Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies |access-date=2018-01-08 |ref={{sfnref|Wei|2011}} }}</ref> There have been a few reported instances of failures to erase some or all data.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hddoracle.com/viewtopic.php?f=56&t=1412 |title=Beware – When SECURE ERASE doesn't erase at all |publisher=The HDD Oracle |date=2015-11-15 |access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tinyapps.org/docs/wipe_drives_hdparm.html |title=ATA Secure Erase (SE) and hdparm |date=2016-11-06 |access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref><ref name="Wei2011" /> Some laptops and business computers have a [[BIOS]] that can utilize Secure Erase to erase all data on the disk. | ||
=== External parallel ATA devices === | === External parallel ATA devices === | ||
[[File:LG Super Multi GSA-E40N - PATA 2 USB Adapter-8672.jpg|thumb|PATA to USB Adapter. It is mounted on the rear of a DVD-RW optical drive inside an external case]] | [[File:LG Super Multi GSA-E40N - PATA 2 USB Adapter-8672.jpg|thumb|PATA to USB Adapter. It is mounted on the rear of a DVD-RW optical drive inside an external case.]] | ||
Due to a short cable length specification and shielding issues it is extremely uncommon to find external PATA devices that directly use PATA for connection to a computer. A device connected externally needs additional cable length to form a U-shaped bend so that the external device may be placed alongside, or on top of the computer case, and the standard cable length is too short to permit this. For ease of reach from motherboard to device, the connectors tend to be positioned towards the front edge of motherboards, for connection to devices protruding from the front of the computer case. This front-edge position makes extension out the back to an external device even more difficult. Ribbon cables are poorly shielded, and the standard relies upon the cabling to be installed inside a shielded computer case to meet RF emissions limits. | Due to a short cable length specification and shielding issues it is extremely uncommon to find external PATA devices that directly use PATA for connection to a computer. A device connected externally needs additional cable length to form a U-shaped bend so that the external device may be placed alongside, or on top of the computer case, and the standard cable length is too short to permit this. For ease of reach from motherboard to device, the connectors tend to be positioned towards the front edge of motherboards, for connection to devices protruding from the front of the computer case. This front-edge position makes extension out the back to an external device even more difficult. Ribbon cables are poorly shielded, and the standard relies upon the cabling to be installed inside a shielded computer case to meet RF emissions limits. | ||
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Congestion on the host bus to which the ATA adapter is attached may also limit the maximum burst transfer rate. For example, the maximum data transfer rate for [[conventional PCI]] bus is 133 MB/s, and this is shared among all active devices on the bus. | Congestion on the host bus to which the ATA adapter is attached may also limit the maximum burst transfer rate. For example, the maximum data transfer rate for [[conventional PCI]] bus is 133 MB/s, and this is shared among all active devices on the bus. | ||
In addition, no ATA [[hard drive]]s existed in 2005 that were capable of measured sustained transfer rates of above 80 MB/s. Furthermore, sustained transfer rate tests do not give realistic throughput expectations for most workloads: They use I/O loads specifically designed to encounter almost no delays from seek time or rotational latency. Hard drive performance under most workloads is limited first and second by those two factors; the transfer rate on the bus is a distant third in importance. Therefore, transfer speed limits above 66 MB/s really affect performance only when the hard drive can satisfy all I/O requests by reading from its internal [[disk buffer|cache]]—a very unusual situation, especially considering that such data is usually already buffered by the operating system. | In addition, no ATA [[hard drive]]s existed in 2005 that were capable of measured sustained transfer rates of above 80 MB/s.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}. Furthermore, sustained transfer rate tests do not give realistic throughput expectations for most workloads: They use I/O loads specifically designed to encounter almost no delays from seek time or rotational latency. Hard drive performance under most workloads is limited first and second by those two factors; the transfer rate on the bus is a distant third in importance. Therefore, transfer speed limits above 66 MB/s really affect performance only when the hard drive can satisfy all I/O requests by reading from its internal [[disk buffer|cache]]—a very unusual situation, especially considering that such data is usually already buffered by the operating system. | ||
{{As of|2021|7}}, mechanical hard disk drives can transfer data at up to 524 MB/s,<ref name="TomMach2">{{cite news |title=Seagate Lists the Mach.2: The World's Fastest HDD |publisher=tomshardware.com |author=Anton Shilov |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/uk/news/seagate-lists-dual-actuator-hdd-exos-2x14 |date=2021-05-21 |access-date=2021-07-20 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210720224703/https://www.tomshardware.com/uk/news/seagate-lists-dual-actuator-hdd-exos-2x14 |archive-date=2021-07-20 |url-status=live}}</ref> which is far beyond the capabilities of the PATA/133 specification. High-performance [[solid state drives]] can transfer data at up to 7000–7500 MB/s.<ref name="TomOptane">{{cite news |title=Intel Optane SSD DC P5800X Review: The Fastest SSD Ever Made |publisher=tomshardware.com |author=Sean Webster |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/intel-optane-ssd-dc-p5800x-review/3 |date=2021-07-02 |access-date=2021-07-20 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210720224808/https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/intel-optane-ssd-dc-p5800x-review/3 |archive-date=2021-07-20 |url-status=live}}</ref> | {{As of|2021|7}}, mechanical hard disk drives can transfer data at up to 524 MB/s,<ref name="TomMach2">{{cite news |title=Seagate Lists the Mach.2: The World's Fastest HDD |publisher=tomshardware.com |author=Anton Shilov |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/uk/news/seagate-lists-dual-actuator-hdd-exos-2x14 |date=2021-05-21 |access-date=2021-07-20 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210720224703/https://www.tomshardware.com/uk/news/seagate-lists-dual-actuator-hdd-exos-2x14 |archive-date=2021-07-20 |url-status=live}}</ref> which is far beyond the capabilities of the PATA/133 specification. High-performance [[solid state drives]] can transfer data at up to 7000–7500 MB/s.<ref name="TomOptane">{{cite news |title=Intel Optane SSD DC P5800X Review: The Fastest SSD Ever Made |publisher=tomshardware.com |author=Sean Webster |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/intel-optane-ssd-dc-p5800x-review/3 |date=2021-07-02 |access-date=2021-07-20 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210720224808/https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/intel-optane-ssd-dc-p5800x-review/3 |archive-date=2021-07-20 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
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=== Features introduced with each ATA revision === | === Features introduced with each ATA revision === | ||
<div style="overflow-x:auto;"> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| {{nowrap|ACS-4}} || — || — || || Zoned ATA Command || | | {{nowrap|ACS-4}} || — || — || || Zoned ATA Command || | ||
|} | |} | ||
</div> | |||
=== Speed of defined transfer modes === | === Speed of defined transfer modes === | ||
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[[File:Compact Flash is just a miniature IDE-ATA interface.jpg|thumb|Compact flash is a miniature ATA interface, modified to be able to supply power.]] | [[File:Compact Flash is just a miniature IDE-ATA interface.jpg|thumb|Compact flash is a miniature ATA interface, modified to be able to supply power.]] | ||
[[Compact Flash#Technical details|Compact Flash]] (CF) in its ''IDE mode'' is essentially a miniaturized ATA interface, intended for use on devices that use flash memory storage. No interfacing chips or circuitry are required, other than to directly adapt the smaller CF socket onto the larger ATA connector. (Although most CF cards only support IDE mode up to PIO4, making them much slower in IDE mode than their CF capable speed<ref>{{cite web |url=http://support.fccps.cz/download/adv/frr/cf.html |title=CompactFlash cards and DMA/UDMA support in True IDE | [[Compact Flash#Technical details|Compact Flash]] (CF) in its ''IDE mode'' is essentially a miniaturized ATA interface, intended for use on devices that use flash memory storage. No interfacing chips or circuitry are required, other than to directly adapt the smaller CF socket onto the larger ATA connector. (Although most CF cards only support IDE mode up to PIO4, making them much slower in IDE mode than their CF capable speed<ref>{{cite web |url=http://support.fccps.cz/download/adv/frr/cf.html |title=CompactFlash cards and DMA/UDMA support in True IDE mode |first=Frank |last=Rysanek |publisher=FCC PS |location=Czechoslovakia |access-date=2019-06-17}}</ref>) | ||
The ATA connector specification does not include pins for supplying power to a CF device, so power is inserted into the connector from a separate source. The exception to this is when the CF device is connected to a 44-pin ATA bus designed for 2.5-inch hard disk drives, commonly found in notebook computers, as this bus implementation must provide power to a standard hard disk drive. | The ATA connector specification does not include pins for supplying power to a CF device, so power is inserted into the connector from a separate source. The exception to this is when the CF device is connected to a 44-pin ATA bus designed for 2.5-inch hard disk drives, commonly found in notebook computers, as this bus implementation must provide power to a standard hard disk drive. | ||