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{{Short description|US-based international learned society for computing}}
{{Short description|International Society for Computing}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Self-published|date=August 2023}}
{{POV|date=December 2021}}
}}
 
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
| name        = Association for Computing Machinery
| name        = Association for Computing Machinery
| image        = Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) logo.svg
| image        = Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) logo.svg
| image_border =
| image_border =  
| size        = 100px
| image_size  = 100px
| alt          = "acm" in blue circle with gray rim, surrounded by blue diamond
| image_alt    = "acm" in blue circle with gray rim, surrounded by blue diamond
| caption      =
| caption      =  
| formation    = {{start date and age|1947}}
| formation    = {{start date and age|1947|09|15}}<ref name="ah" />
| tax_id      = 13-1921358
| type        = [[501(c) organization|501(c)(3) not-for-profit membership corporation]]
| type        = [[501(c) organization|501(c)(3) not-for-profit membership corporation]]
| headquarters = 1601 Broadway, Times Square, <br />New York City
| headquarters = 1601 Broadway, Times Square, <br />New York City
| membership  = 110,000
| num_members  = 110,000
| leader_title = President
| leader_title = President
| leader_name  = [[Yannis Ioannidis]]
| leader_name  = [[Yannis Ioannidis]]
| key_people  =
| key_people  =  
| num_staff    =
| num_staff    =  
| budget      =
| budget      =  
| website      = {{URL|acm.org}}
| website      = {{URL|acm.org}}
}}
}}


The '''Association for Computing Machinery''' ('''ACM''') is a US-based international [[learned society]] for [[computing]]. It was founded in 1947 and is the world's largest scientific and educational computing society.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/20613.html |title=Indiana University Media Relations |publisher=indiana.edu |access-date=October 10, 2012 |archive-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501090730/https://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/20613.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ACM is a [[nonprofit organization|non-profit]] professional membership group,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/pub78Search.do?ein1=&names=%22association+for+computing+machinery%22&city=&state=All...&country=US&deductibility=all&dispatchMethod=searchCharities&submitName=Search |title=ACM 501(c)3 Status as a group |publisher=irs.gov |access-date=October 1, 2012}}</ref> reporting nearly 110,000 student and professional members {{as of|2022|lc=y}}. Its headquarters are in New York City.
The '''Association for Computing Machinery''' ('''ACM''') is an international [[learned society]] for [[computing]] founded on September 15, 1947, and headquartered in [[New York City]].<ref name="ah">{{cite web|access-date=2025-08-14 |archive-date=2016-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101053958/https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-history |language=en |quote=The Association for Computing Machinery was founded as the Eastern Association for Computing Machinery at a meeting at Columbia University in New York on September 15, 1947. Its creation was the logical outgrowth of increasing interest in computers as evidenced by several events,[...] |title=ACM History |url=https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-history |url-status=live |website=Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref><ref name="Misa2016">{{cite web |last=Misa |first=Thomas J. |title=Communities of Computing: Computer Science and Society in the ACM |url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/communities-of-computing-thomas-j-misa/1133119749 |publisher=Barnes & Noble |date=2016-11-10 |access-date=2025-10-06}}</ref> The ACM is a [[nonprofit organization|non-profit]] professional membership group,<ref name="CharityNavigatorACM">{{cite web |last=Charity Navigator |title=Rating for Association for Computing Machinery |url=https://www.charitynavigator.org/ein/131921358 |publisher=Charity Navigator |access-date=2025-10-06}}</ref> reporting nearly 110,000 student and professional members {{as of|2024|lc=y}}.<ref name="ACM2025Distinguished">{{cite web |title=Renowned Computing Society Announces New Class of Distinguished Members |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2025/february/distinguished-members-2024 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |date=2025-02-12 |access-date=2025-10-06}}</ref>


The ACM is an [[umbrella organization]] for academic and scholarly interests in [[computer science]] ([[informatics]]). Its motto is "Advancing Computing as a Science & Profession".
The ACM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://research.ibm.com/blog/2025-turing-award|title=Like the information in a dream: IBM’s Charles H. Bennett receives ACM Turing award|website=research.ibm.com|publisher=IBM Research|date= 18 March 2026}}</ref> is an [[umbrella organization]] for academic and scholarly interests in [[computer science]] ([[informatics]]). Its motto is "Advancing Computing as a Science & Profession".<ref name="Misa2016"/>


==History==
==History==
In 1947, a notice was sent to various people:<ref>{{cite web |title=Notice on Organization of an 'Eastern Association for Computing Machinery' |url=http://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/cbi_acm/item/1731 |website=ACM Records (CBI 205), Box 3, Folder 6 |date=25 June 1947}}</ref>{{r|robertson}}
In 1947, a notice was sent to various people:<ref>{{cite web |title=Notice on Organization of an 'Eastern Association for Computing Machinery' |url=https://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/cbi_acm/item/1731 |website=ACM Records (CBI 205), Box 3, Folder 6 |date=25 June 1947 |access-date=February 21, 2026 |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915152358/https://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/cbi_acm/item/1731 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{r|robertson}}
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
On January 10, 1947, at the Symposium on Large-Scale Digital Calculating Machinery at the Harvard computation Laboratory, Professor [[Samuel H. Caldwell]] of Massachusetts Institute of Technology spoke of the need for an association of those interested in computing machinery, and of the need for communication between them.
On January 10, 1947, at the Symposium on Large-Scale Digital Calculating Machinery at the Harvard computation Laboratory, Professor [[Samuel H. Caldwell]] of Massachusetts Institute of Technology spoke of the need for an association of those interested in computing machinery, and of the need for communication between them.
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:[[Edmund Callis Berkeley|E. C. Berkeley]], [[Prudential Financial|Prudential Insurance Co. of America]], Newark, N. J.
:[[Edmund Callis Berkeley|E. C. Berkeley]], [[Prudential Financial|Prudential Insurance Co. of America]], Newark, N. J.
:R. V. D. Campbell, [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Manufacturing Co.]], Waltham, Mass.
:R. V. D. Campbell, [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Manufacturing Co.]], Waltham, Mass.
:{{interlanguage link|John H. Curtiss|de|J. H. Curtiss}}, [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|Bureau of Standards]], Washington, D.C.
:John H. Curtiss, [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|Bureau of Standards]], Washington, D.C.
:H. E. Goheen, [[Office of Naval Research]], Boston, Mass.
:H. E. Goheen, [[Office of Naval Research]], Boston, Mass.
:[[John Mauchly|J. W. Mauchly]], [[Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation|Electronic Control Co.]], Philadelphia, Pa.
:[[John Mauchly|J. W. Mauchly]], [[Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation|Electronic Control Co.]], Philadelphia, Pa.
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The committee (except for Curtiss) had gained experience with computers during [[World War II]]: Berkeley, Campbell, and Goheen helped build [[Harvard Mark I]] under [[Howard H. Aiken]], Mauchly and Sharpless were involved in building [[ENIAC]], Tompkins had used "the secret Navy code-breaking machines", and Taylor had worked on [[Vannevar Bush|Bush]]'s [[Differential analyser|Differential analyzers]].<ref name=robertson>{{cite journal |last1=Robertson |first1=L. |title=Anecdotes |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |date=October 2005 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=89–92 |doi=10.1109/MAHC.2005.53}}</ref>
The committee (except for Curtiss) had gained experience with computers during [[World War II]]: Berkeley, Campbell, and Goheen helped build [[Harvard Mark I]] under [[Howard H. Aiken]], Mauchly and Sharpless were involved in building [[ENIAC]], Tompkins had used "the secret Navy code-breaking machines", and Taylor had worked on [[Vannevar Bush|Bush]]'s [[Differential analyser|Differential analyzers]].<ref name=robertson>{{cite journal |last1=Robertson |first1=L. |title=Anecdotes |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |date=October 2005 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=89–92 |doi=10.1109/MAHC.2005.53}}</ref>


The ACM was then founded in 1947 under the name ''Eastern Association for Computing Machinery'', which was changed the following year to the Association for Computing Machinery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-history|title=ACM History|website=acm.org|language=en|access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_mathematics-of-computation_1948-01_3_21 |title=Mathematical Tables and other Aids to Computation 1948-01: Vol 3 Issue 21 |date=January 1948 |publisher=American Mathematical Society |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_american-statistician_june-july-1950_4_3 |title=The American Statistician June-July 1950: Vol 4 Iss 3 |date=June–July 1950 |publisher=American Statistical Association |language=English}}</ref> The ACM History Committee since 2016 has published the A.M.Turing Oral History project, the ACM Key Award Winners Video Series, and the India Industry Leaders Video project.<ref>{{cite news |title=Oral Histories |url=https://history.acm.org/projects-and-initiatives/oral-histories/ |website=ACM History Committee |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>
The ACM was then founded on September 15, 1947, under the name ''Eastern Association for Computing Machinery'', which was changed the following year to the Association for Computing Machinery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-history|title=ACM History|website=acm.org|language=en|access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_mathematics-of-computation_1948-01_3_21 |title=Mathematical Tables and other Aids to Computation 1948-01: Vol 3 Issue 21 |date=January 1948 |publisher=American Mathematical Society |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_american-statistician_june-july-1950_4_3 |title=The American Statistician June-July 1950: Vol 4 Iss 3 |date=June–July 1950 |publisher=American Statistical Association |language=English}}</ref> The ACM History Committee since 2016 has published the A.M.Turing Oral History project, the ACM Key Award Winners Video Series, and the India Industry Leaders Video project.<ref>{{cite news |title=Oral Histories |url=https://history.acm.org/projects-and-initiatives/oral-histories/ |website=ACM History Committee |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>


==Activities==
==Activities==
[[File:1601Broadway.jpg|thumb|ACM headquarters are located at 1601 Broadway, Times Square, New York City.]]
[[File:1601Broadway.jpg|thumb|ACM headquarters are located at 1601 Broadway, Times Square, New York City.]]
ACM is organized into over 180 local professional chapters<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About Chapters |url=https://www.acm.org/chapters/about-chapters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228171447/https://www.acm.org/chapters/about-chapters |archive-date=2023-12-28 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.acm.org |language=en}}</ref> and 38 [[Special Interest Group]]s (SIGs),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-04 |title=Alphabetical Listing of ACM SIGs |url=https://www.acm.org/special-interest-groups/alphabetical-listing |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=November 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104174410/https://www.acm.org/special-interest-groups/alphabetical-listing |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> through which it conducts most of its activities. Additionally, there are over 680 student chapters.<ref name=":0" /> The first student chapter was founded in 1961 at the [[University of Louisiana at Lafayette]].<ref>Note: The school was then [1961] known as the "[[University of Southwestern Louisiana]] (USL)". (Its name was later changed [in 1999] to the "[[University of Louisiana at Lafayette]]".)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-26 |title=Student Chapters |url=https://computing.louisiana.edu/cacs-research/student-chapters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926181101/https://computing.louisiana.edu/cacs-research/student-chapters |archive-date=2023-09-26 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=School of Computing & Informatics |language=en}}</ref>
ACM is organized into over 180 local professional chapters<ref name="ac">{{Cite web |title=About Chapters |url=https://www.acm.org/chapters/about-chapters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228171447/https://www.acm.org/chapters/about-chapters |archive-date=2023-12-28 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.acm.org |language=en}}</ref> and 38 [[Special Interest Group]]s (SIGs),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-04 |title=Alphabetical Listing of ACM SIGs |url=https://www.acm.org/special-interest-groups/alphabetical-listing |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=November 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104174410/https://www.acm.org/special-interest-groups/alphabetical-listing |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> through which it conducts most of its activities. Additionally, there are over 680 student chapters.<ref name="ac"/> The first student chapter was founded in 1961 at the [[University of Louisiana at Lafayette]].<ref>Note: The school was then [1961] known as the "[[University of Southwestern Louisiana]] (USL)". (Its name was later changed [in 1999] to the "[[University of Louisiana at Lafayette]]".)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-26 |title=Student Chapters |url=https://computing.louisiana.edu/cacs-research/student-chapters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926181101/https://computing.louisiana.edu/cacs-research/student-chapters |archive-date=2023-09-26 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=School of Computing & Informatics |language=en}}</ref>


Many of the SIGs, such as [[ACM SIGGRAPH|SIGGRAPH]], [[SIGDA]], [[SIGPLAN]], [[SIGCSE]] and [[SIGCOMM]], sponsor regular conferences, which have become famous as the dominant venue for presenting innovations in certain fields. The groups also publish a large number of specialized journals, magazines, and newsletters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vaggalis |first=Nikos |date=7 April 2020 |title=Access ACM Digital Library for Free |url=https://www.i-programmer.info/news/99-professional/13603-access-acm-digital-library-for-free.html |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=i-programmer.info}}</ref>
Many of the SIGs, such as [[ACM SIGGRAPH|SIGGRAPH]], [[SIGDA]], [[SIGPLAN]], [[SIGCSE]] and [[SIGCOMM]], sponsor regular conferences, that serve as major publication venues in their respective fields. The groups also publish a large number of specialized journals, magazines, and newsletters.


ACM also sponsors other computer science related events such as the worldwide [[ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest]] (ICPC), and has sponsored some other events such as the chess match between [[Garry Kasparov]] and the [[IBM Deep Blue]] computer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How IBM's Deep Blue Beat World Champion Chess Player Garry Kasparov – IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/how-ibms-deep-blue-beat-world-champion-chess-player-garry-kasparov |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=[[IEEE]] |language=en}}</ref>
ACM also sponsors other computer science related events such as the worldwide [[ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest]] (ICPC), and has sponsored some other events such as the chess match between [[Garry Kasparov]] and the [[IBM Deep Blue]] computer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How IBM's Deep Blue Beat World Champion Chess Player Garry Kasparov – IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/how-ibms-deep-blue-beat-world-champion-chess-player-garry-kasparov |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=[[IEEE]] |language=en}}</ref>
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{{main category|Association for Computing Machinery publications}}
{{main category|Association for Computing Machinery publications}}
[[File:ACM1970 Conference.png|thumb|Proceedings for the 1970 ACM National Conference]]
[[File:ACM1970 Conference.png|thumb|Proceedings for the 1970 ACM National Conference]]
ACM publishes over 50 journals<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acm.org/publications/journals|title=Journals & Magazines|work=acm.org}}</ref> including the prestigious<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Paul Benjamin |last1=Lowry |first2=Denton |last2=Romans |first3=Aaron |last3=Curtis |title=Global Journal Prestige and Supporting Disciplines: A Scientometric Study of Information Systems Journals |journal=[[Journal of the Association for Information Systems]] |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=29–80 |year=2004 |ssrn=666145|doi=10.17705/1jais.00045 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ''[[Journal of the ACM]]'', and two general magazines for computer professionals, ''[[Communications of the ACM]]'' (also known as ''Communications'' or ''CACM'') and ''[[ACM Queue|Queue]]''. Other publications of the ACM include:
ACM publishes over 50 journals,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acm.org/publications/journals|title=Journals & Magazines|work=acm.org}}</ref> such as the ''[[Journal of the ACM]]'' which academic citation metrics rank among the top computer science publications,<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Paul Benjamin |last1=Lowry |first2=Denton |last2=Romans |first3=Aaron |last3=Curtis |title=Global Journal Prestige and Supporting Disciplines: A Scientometric Study of Information Systems Journals |journal=[[Journal of the Association for Information Systems]] |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=29–80 |year=2004 |ssrn=666145|doi=10.17705/1jais.00045 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and two general magazines for computer professionals, ''[[Communications of the ACM]]'' (also known as ''Communications'' or ''CACM'') and ''[[ACM Queue|Queue]]''.
 
Other publications of the ACM include:
*''[[XRDS (magazine)|ACM XRDS]]'', formerly "Crossroads", was redesigned in 2010 and is the most popular student [[Computer magazine|computing magazine]] in the US.
*''[[XRDS (magazine)|ACM XRDS]]'', formerly "Crossroads", was redesigned in 2010 and is the most popular student [[Computer magazine|computing magazine]] in the US.
*''[[ACM Interactions (magazine)|ACM Interactions]]'', an interdisciplinary HCI publication focused on the connections between experiences, people and technology, and the third largest ACM publication.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1 = Wakkary | first1 = R.| last2 = Stolterman | first2 = E.| doi = 10.1145/1897239.1897240| title = WELCOME: Our first interactions | journal = Interactions| volume = 18| pages = 5| year = 2011| s2cid = 6840587}}</ref>
*''[[ACM Interactions (magazine)|ACM Interactions]]'', an interdisciplinary HCI publication focused on the connections between experiences, people and technology, and the third largest ACM publication.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1 = Wakkary | first1 = R.| last2 = Stolterman | first2 = E.| doi = 10.1145/1897239.1897240| title = WELCOME: Our first interactions | journal = Interactions| volume = 18| pages = 5| year = 2011| s2cid = 6840587}}</ref>
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*''[[Computers in Entertainment]]'' (CIE)
*''[[Computers in Entertainment]]'' (CIE)
*''ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems'' (JETC)
*''ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems'' (JETC)
*''ACM Special Interest Group: Computers and Society'' (SIGCAS)<ref>{{cite web | title= Home page | url= http://www.sigcas.org/newsletter | website = sigcas.org | publisher= Association for Computing Machinery | access-date = 28 October 2017 }}</ref>
*''ACM Special Interest Group: Computers and Society'' (SIGCAS)<ref>{{cite web | title= Home page | url= https://www.sigcas.org/newsletter | website = sigcas.org | publisher= Association for Computing Machinery | access-date = 28 October 2017 }}</ref>
*A number of journals, specific to subfields of computer science, titled ''ACM Transactions''. Some of the more notable transactions include:
*A number of journals, specific to subfields of computer science, titled ''ACM Transactions''. Some of the more notable transactions include:
**''[[ACM Transactions on Algorithms]]'' (TALG)
**''[[ACM Transactions on Algorithms]]'' (TALG)
**''ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems'' (TECS)
**''ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems'' (TECS)
**''[[ACM Transactions on Computer Systems]]'' (TOCS)
**''[[ACM Transactions on Computer Systems]]'' (TOCS)
**''[[IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics]]'' (TCBB)
**''IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics'' now published through the [[IEEE]] and entitled ''[[IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics]]'' (TCBB)
**''[[ACM Transactions on Computational Logic]]'' (TOCL)
**''[[ACM Transactions on Computational Logic]]'' (TOCL)
**''[[ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction]]'' (TOCHI)
**''[[ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction]]'' (TOCHI)
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**[[Games: Research and Practice]]
**[[Games: Research and Practice]]


Although ''Communications'' no longer publishes primary research and is not considered a prestigious venue, many of the great debates and results in computing history have been published in its pages.
''Communications'' transitioned from publishing primary research to focusing on broader industry perspectives. The publication has featured significant discussions and developments in computing history.


ACM has made almost all of its publications available to paid [[subscriber]]s online at its [[#Digital Library|Digital Library]] and also has a [[ACM Guide to Computing Literature|Guide to Computing Literature]]. ACM also offers insurance, online courses, and other services to its members.
ACM has made almost all of its publications available to paid [[subscriber]]s online at its [[#Digital Library|Digital Library]] and also has a [[ACM Guide to Computing Literature|Guide to Computing Literature]]. ACM also offers insurance, online courses, and other services to its members.
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All metadata in the Digital Library is open to the world, including [[abstracts]], linked references and citing works, citation and usage statistics, as well as all functionality and services. Other than the free articles, the full-texts are accessed by subscription. In addition, starting on April 7, 2022, ACM made its publications from 1951 to 2000 open access through the Digital Library in celebration of the 75th anniversary of the organization's founding.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=World's Largest Computing Society Makes Thousands of Research Articles Freely Available; Opens First 50 Years Backfile |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2022/april/50-years-backfile |website=ACM}}</ref>
All metadata in the Digital Library is open to the world, including [[abstracts]], linked references and citing works, citation and usage statistics, as well as all functionality and services. Other than the free articles, the full-texts are accessed by subscription. In addition, starting on April 7, 2022, ACM made its publications from 1951 to 2000 open access through the Digital Library in celebration of the 75th anniversary of the organization's founding.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=World's Largest Computing Society Makes Thousands of Research Articles Freely Available; Opens First 50 Years Backfile |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2022/april/50-years-backfile |website=ACM}}</ref>


In 2020, ACM launched a major push to become a fully open access publisher by 2026. ACM restructured its pricing for the ACM Digital Library on the basis of publishing activity by affiliated [[lead author]]s in ACM's journals, magazines, and conference proceedings. Under this model, termed "ACM Open," institutions pay set fees for full access to ACM Digital Library contents as well as unlimited open access publishing by their affiliated authors. Authors not affiliated with a participating institution will be expected to pay an [[article processing charge]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Rick |date=2020-02-10 |title=ACM's New Open Access Agreements: A Q&A with Scott Delman |url=https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2020/02/10/acms-new-open-access-agreements-a-qa-with-scott-delman/ |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=The Scholarly Kitchen |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ACM OPEN (ACM's Transformative Model for Open Access Publication) |url=https://libraries.acm.org/subscriptions-access/acmopen |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=ACM |language=en}}</ref> As of May 2024, ACM reported that more than 1,340 institutions worldwide had signed on for ACM Open, putting ACM at just over halfway to meeting its target of 2,500 participating institutions by 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institutions Currently Participating in ACM OPEN |url=https://libraries.acm.org/acmopen/open-participants |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Association for Computing Machinery |language=en}}</ref>
In 2020, ACM launched a major push to become a fully open access publisher by 2026. ACM restructured its pricing for the ACM Digital Library on the basis of publishing activity by affiliated [[lead author]]s in ACM's journals, magazines, and conference proceedings. Under this model, termed "ACM Open", institutions pay set fees for full access to ACM Digital Library contents as well as unlimited open access publishing by their affiliated authors. Authors not affiliated with a participating institution will be expected to pay an [[article processing charge]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Rick |date=2020-02-10 |title=ACM's New Open Access Agreements: A Q&A with Scott Delman |url=https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2020/02/10/acms-new-open-access-agreements-a-qa-with-scott-delman/ |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=The Scholarly Kitchen |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ACM OPEN (ACM's Transformative Model for Open Access Publication) |url=https://libraries.acm.org/subscriptions-access/acmopen |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=ACM |language=en}}</ref> As of May 2024, ACM reported that more than 1,340 institutions worldwide had signed on for ACM Open, putting ACM at just over halfway to meeting its target of 2,500 participating institutions by 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institutions Currently Participating in ACM OPEN |url=https://libraries.acm.org/acmopen/open-participants |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Association for Computing Machinery |language=en}}</ref>


==Membership grades==
==Membership grades==
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===Fellows===
===Fellows===
{{main|ACM Fellow}}
{{main|ACM Fellow}}
{{main list|List of Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery}}
{{main list|List of fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery}}
The [[ACM Fellow]]s Program was established by Council of the Association for Computing Machinery in 1993 "to recognize and honor outstanding ACM members for their achievements in computer science and information technology and for their significant contributions to the mission of the ACM." There are 1,310 Fellows {{as of|2020|lc=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/fellows/award-winners |title=List of ACM Fellows |publisher=Awards.acm.org |access-date=February 10, 2021}}</ref> out of about 100,000 members.
The [[ACM Fellow]]s Program was established by Council of the Association for Computing Machinery in 1993 "to recognize and honor outstanding ACM members for their achievements in computer science and information technology and for their significant contributions to the mission of the ACM." There are 1,310 Fellows {{as of|2020|lc=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/fellows/award-winners |title=List of ACM Fellows |publisher=Awards.acm.org |access-date=February 10, 2021}}</ref> out of about 100,000 members.


===Distinguished Members===
===Distinguished Members===
{{main list|List of distinguished members of the Association for Computing Machinery}}
In 2006, ACM began recognizing two additional membership grades, one which was called Distinguished Members. Distinguished Members (Distinguished Engineers, Distinguished Scientists, and Distinguished Educators) have at least 15 years of professional experience and 5 years of continuous ACM membership and "have made a significant impact on the computing field". In 2006 when the Distinguished Members first came out, one of the three levels was called "Distinguished Member" and was changed about two years later to "Distinguished Educator". Those who already had the Distinguished Member title had their titles changed to one of the other three titles.
In 2006, ACM began recognizing two additional membership grades, one which was called Distinguished Members. Distinguished Members (Distinguished Engineers, Distinguished Scientists, and Distinguished Educators) have at least 15 years of professional experience and 5 years of continuous ACM membership and "have made a significant impact on the computing field". In 2006 when the Distinguished Members first came out, one of the three levels was called "Distinguished Member" and was changed about two years later to "Distinguished Educator". Those who already had the Distinguished Member title had their titles changed to one of the other three titles.


List of Distinguished Members of the Association for Computing Machinery <ref>{{cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/distinguished-members/award-winners|title=List of ACM Distinguished Members|publisher=Awards.acm.org |access-date=November 22, 2020}}</ref>
===Senior Members===
Also in 2006, ACM began recognizing Senior Members. According to the ACM, "The Senior Members Grade recognizes those ACM members with at least 10 years of professional experience and 5 years of continuous Professional Membership who have demonstrated performance through technical leadership, and technical or professional contributions".<ref>[https://awards.acm.org/senior-members ACM Senior Members]</ref> Senior membership also requires 3 letters of reference.


===Senior Members===
===Professional Members===
Also in 2006, ACM began recognizing Senior Members. According to the ACM, "The Senior Members Grade recognizes those ACM members with at least 10 years of professional experience and 5 years of continuous Professional Membership who have demonstrated performance through technical leadership, and technical or professional contributions".<ref>[https://awards.acm.org/senior-members ACM Senior Members]</ref> Senior membership also requires 3 letters of reference
ACM Professional Membership is open to individuals that have satisfied one or more of the following criteria:
# Bachelor's degree (in any subject),
# Or, equivalent level of education,
# Or, two-year's full-time employment in the IT field.<ref>{{cite web |title=ACM Professional Membership |url=https://services.acm.org/public/qj/profqj/qjprof_control.cfm?promo=PWEBTOP&form_type=Professional |website=ACM Home |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |access-date=13 April 2026}}</ref>
 
As mentioned above, professional members make up the majority of the non-student membership of ACM and reflect its importance as an organization for persons experienced in computing and related fields.
 
===Student Members===
ACM offers membership to students during their study of courses relevant to computing. ACM Student Members pay a reduced rate compared to other members and are able to gain benefits to assist in their learning.<ref>{{cite web |title=ACM Student Membership |url=https://services.acm.org/public/qj/quickjoin/qj_control.cfm?promo=PWEBTOP&form_type=Student |website=ACM Home |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |access-date=13 April 2026}}</ref>


===Distinguished Speakers===
===Distinguished Speakers===
While not technically a membership grade, the ACM recognizes distinguished speakers on topics in computer science. A distinguished speaker is appointed for a three-year period. There are usually about 125 current distinguished speakers. The ACM website describes these people as 'Renowned International Thought Leaders'.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://speakers.acm.org/ |title = Homepage|website = ACM Distinguished Speakers|publisher = Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref> The distinguished speakers program (DSP) has been in existence for over 20 years and serves as an outreach program that brings renowned experts from Academia, Industry and Government to present on the topic of their expertise.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://speakers.acm.org/about/purpose| title = The History of the Distinguished Speakers Program
While not technically a membership grade, the ACM recognizes distinguished speakers on topics in computer science. A distinguished speaker is appointed for a three-year period. There are usually about 125 current distinguished speakers. The ACM maintains a speakers bureau of approximately 125 experts from academia, industry, and government who present on topics within their areas of expertise.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://speakers.acm.org/ |title = Homepage|website = ACM Distinguished Speakers|publisher = Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref> The distinguished speakers program (DSP) has been in existence for over 20 years and serves as an outreach program that brings renowned experts from Academia, Industry and Government to present on the topic of their expertise.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://speakers.acm.org/about/purpose| title = The History of the Distinguished Speakers Program
|website = ACM Distinguished Speakers|publisher = Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref>  The DSP is overseen by a committee <ref>{{cite web|url = https://speakers.acm.org/committee| title = ACM Speakers Committee|website = ACM Distinguished Speakers|publisher = Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref>
|website = ACM Distinguished Speakers|publisher = Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref>  The DSP is overseen by a committee.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://speakers.acm.org/committee| title = ACM Speakers Committee|website = ACM Distinguished Speakers|publisher = Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref>
 
== Code of Ethics ==
The Code includes 25 precepts expressed as statements of personal responsibility, identifying the elements of such commitment while addressing issues professionals are likely to face in the future. In 2018, the ACM conducted the first comprehensive revision of its Code of Ethics in twenty-six years.<ref name="ACM2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.acm.org/code-of-ethics |title=ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct |author=Association for Computing Machinery |year=2018 |access-date=March 28, 2026}}</ref> This update replaces the 1992 version to integrate ethical challenges arising from [[artificial intelligence]] and [[Big Data]], reaffirming the Code's foundational commitment to the social impact of technology.<ref name="ACMPress2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2018/july/code-of-ethics |title=ACM Updates Code of Ethics to Address Modern Computing Challenges |author=ACM Media Center |date=July 17, 2018 |access-date=March 28, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
 
The first part includes fundamental ethical considerations; the second part addresses professional conduct; the third part pertains to individuals in leadership roles; and the fourth part covers principles involving compliance with the Code. The Code is supplemented by a series of guidelines designed to assist members in ethical decision-making and serve as a basis for judging formal complaints regarding violations of professional standards. While computing is not explicitly mentioned in the section on moral precepts, the Code focuses on how these fundamental mandates apply to individual behavior as a computing professional, deriving from more general ethical principles.
 
The first section, following the preamble "a computing professional should...", details 7 fundamental general principles:
 
* '''1.1 Contribute to society and human well-being, acknowledging that all people are stakeholders in computing:''' Professionals must use their skills for the benefit of society and the environment. This includes promoting human rights, individual autonomy, and minimizing negative consequences such as risks to health or safety. Priority should be given to the needs of the disadvantaged.
* '''1.2 Avoid harm:''' "Harm" is defined as significant and unjustified negative consequences (injury, loss of information, or property damage). Professionals must mitigate unintended risks, follow industry best practices, and, if necessary, alert authorities to systemic risks ([[whistleblowing]]).
* '''1.3 Be honest and trustworthy:''' Requires full transparency regarding a system's capabilities and limitations. The Code explicitly prohibits falsifying data, bribery, and misleading claims, requiring the disclosure of any potential conflicts of interest.
* '''1.4 Be fair and take action not to discriminate:''' Encourages fair participation and equitable access to technology. It prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, age, or disability, noting that a lack of inclusive and accessible design can constitute unfair discrimination.
* '''1.5 Respect the work required to produce new ideas, inventions, creative works, and computing artifacts:''' Credit must be given to original authors, respecting [[patent]]s and [[copyright]]s. However, the Code also encourages public good through open-source software and the public domain.
* '''1.6 Respect privacy:''' Professionals must understand the rights associated with the collection and use of personal data. Only the minimum necessary information should be collected, ensuring informed consent and protecting data from unauthorized access or the identification of individuals from anonymized data.
* '''1.7 Honor confidentiality:''' Professionals must protect confidential information (trade secrets, client data, etc.), except in cases where evidence of a violation of the law or the Code requires disclosure to the authorities.<ref name="ACM2018" />


==Chapters==
==Chapters==
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{{as of|2022}}, ACM has professional & SIG Chapters in 56 countries.<ref>{{cite web
{{as of|2022}}, ACM has professional & SIG Chapters in 56 countries.<ref>{{cite web
  | title       = Worldwide Professional Chapters
  | title       = Worldwide Professional Chapters
  | url       = http://www.acm.org/chapters/maps/
  | url         = http://www.acm.org/chapters/maps/
  | publisher       = Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
  | publisher   = Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
  | access-date       = 2012-12-27
  | access-date = 2012-12-27
  | archive-date       = November 28, 2016
  | archive-date = November 28, 2016
  | archive-url       = https://web.archive.org/web/20161128093440/http://www.acm.org/chapters/maps/
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161128093440/http://www.acm.org/chapters/maps/
  | url-status       = dead
  | url-status   = dead
  }}</ref>
  }}</ref>


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* [[Special Interest Group on Design Automation|SIGDA]]: Design Automation
* [[Special Interest Group on Design Automation|SIGDA]]: Design Automation
* [[SIGDOC]]: Design of Communication
* [[SIGDOC]]: Design of Communication
* SIGecom: Electronic Commerce
* SIGecom: Economics and Computation
* SIGEVO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
* [[ACM SIGEVO|SIGEVO]]: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
* [[ACM SIGGRAPH|SIGGRAPH]]: Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques
* [[ACM SIGGRAPH|SIGGRAPH]]: Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques
* [[ACM SIGHPC|SIGHPC]]: High Performance Computing
* [[ACM SIGHPC|SIGHPC]]: High Performance Computing
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* SIGLOG: Logic and Computation<ref>
* SIGLOG: Logic and Computation<ref>
   {{cite web
   {{cite web
   | url = http://siglog.acm.org/
   | url = https://siglog.acm.org/
   | title = ACM Special Interest Group on Logic and Computation
   | title = ACM Special Interest Group on Logic and Computation
   | publisher=acm.org
   | publisher=acm.org
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==Conferences==
==Conferences==
{{main category|Association for Computing Machinery conferences}}
{{main category|Association for Computing Machinery conferences}}
ACM and its Special Interest Groups (SIGs) sponsors numerous conferences worldwide. Most of the SIGs also have an annual conference. ACM conferences are often very popular publishing venues and are therefore very competitive.  
ACM and its Special Interest Groups (SIGs) sponsors numerous conferences worldwide. Most of the SIGs also have an annual conference. ACM conferences are widely recognized publication venues that typically maintain low acceptance rates.


For example, [[SIGGRAPH]] 2007 attracted about 30000 attendees, while CIKM 2005 and [[ACM Conference on Recommender Systems|RecSys]] 2022 had paper acceptance rates of only accepted 15% and 17% respectively.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://dl.acm.org/action/showFmPdf?doi=10.1145%2F3523227|title=Proceedings of ACM RecSys 2022)|year=2022 |doi=10.1145/3523227 |isbn=9781450392785 |access-date=March 7, 2023 |editor-last1=Golbeck |editor-last2=Harper |editor-last3=Murdock |editor-last4=Ekstrand |editor-last5=Shapira |editor-last6=Basilico |editor-last7=Lundgaard |editor-last8=Oldridge |editor-first1=Jennifer |editor-first2=F. Maxwell |editor-first3=Vanessa |editor-first4=Michael |editor-first5=Bracha |editor-first6=Justin |editor-first7=Keld |editor-first8=Even }}</ref>
For example, [[SIGGRAPH]] 2007 attracted about 30000 attendees, while CIKM 2005 and [[ACM Conference on Recommender Systems|RecSys]] 2022 had paper acceptance rates of only accepted 15% and 17% respectively.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://dl.acm.org/action/showFmPdf?doi=10.1145%2F3523227|title=Proceedings of ACM RecSys 2022)|year=2022 |doi=10.1145/3523227 |isbn=9781450392785 |access-date=March 7, 2023 |editor-last1=Golbeck |editor-last2=Harper |editor-last3=Murdock |editor-last4=Ekstrand |editor-last5=Shapira |editor-last6=Basilico |editor-last7=Lundgaard |editor-last8=Oldridge |editor-first1=Jennifer |editor-first2=F. Maxwell |editor-first3=Vanessa |editor-first4=Michael |editor-first5=Bracha |editor-first6=Justin |editor-first7=Keld |editor-first8=Even }}</ref>
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* ASPLOS: [[International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems]]
* ASPLOS: [[International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems]]
* CHI: [[Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems]]
* CHI: [[Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems]]
* CIKM: [[Conference on Information and Knowledge Management]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cikmconference.org/ |title=Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) |publisher=Cikmconference.org }}</ref>
* CIKM: Conference on Information and Knowledge Management<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cikmconference.org/ |title=Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) |publisher=Cikmconference.org }}</ref>
* COMPASS: International Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies<ref>{{cite web|url=https://acmcompass.org/|title=ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS)|access-date=June 1, 2019|archive-date=June 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601054635/https://acmcompass.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* COMPASS: International Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies<ref>{{cite web|url=https://acmcompass.org/|title=ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS)|access-date=June 1, 2019|archive-date=June 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601054635/https://acmcompass.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* DAC: [[Design Automation Conference]]
* DAC: [[Design Automation Conference]]
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* FAccT: [[ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency|Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency]]
* FAccT: [[ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency|Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency]]
* FCRC: [[Federated Computing Research Conference]]
* FCRC: [[Federated Computing Research Conference]]
* GECCO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sig.sigevo.org/index.html/tiki-index.php?page=GECCOs|title=GECCOs |website =Sigevo.org |publisher = ACM }}</ref>
* FOGA: [[ACM SIGEVO#FOGA|Foundations of Genetic Algorithms]]
* GECCO: [[Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference]]
* HT: [[ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media|Hypertext: Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia]]
* HT: [[ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media|Hypertext: Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia]]
* JCDL: [[Joint Conference on Digital Libraries]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jcdl.org/ |title=Joint Conference on Digital Library (JCDL)&ndash;Home |publisher=JCDL }}</ref>
* JCDL: [[Joint Conference on Digital Libraries]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jcdl.org/ |title=Joint Conference on Digital Library (JCDL)&ndash;Home |publisher=JCDL }}</ref>
* MobiHoc: International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing
* MobiHoc: International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing
* SC: [[Supercomputing Conference]]
* SC: [[Supercomputing Conference]]
Line 224: Line 248:


==Awards==<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->
==Awards==<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->
The ACM presents or co&ndash;presents a number of awards for outstanding technical and professional achievements and contributions in computer science and information technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/|title=ACM's awards recognize excellence in computer science and information technology.|website=awards.acm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/list-of-awards|title=List of ACM Awards|website=awards.acm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ACM Awards |url=https://awards.acm.org/ |access-date=February 10, 2021 }}</ref>
The ACM presents or co&ndash;presents a number of awards for technical and professional achievements and contributions in computer science and information technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/|title=ACM's awards recognize excellence in computer science and information technology.|website=awards.acm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/list-of-awards|title=List of ACM Awards|website=awards.acm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ACM Awards |url=https://awards.acm.org/ |access-date=February 10, 2021 }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Turing Award|ACM A. M. Turing Award]]
* [[Turing Award|ACM A. M. Turing Award]]
Line 265: Line 289:


==Leadership==
==Leadership==
{{category see also|Presidents of the Association for Computing Machinery}}
{{main list|List of presidents of the Association for Computing Machinery}}


The President of ACM for 2022–2024 is [[Yannis Ioannidis]], Professor at the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACM Elects New Officers for 2022-2024 |url=https://www.acm.org/articles/bulletins/2022/may/acm-new-officers-2022 |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=www.acm.org |language=en}}</ref> He is successor of [[Gabriele Kotsis]] (2020–2022), Professor at the [[Johannes Kepler University Linz]]; [[Cherri M. Pancake]] (2018–2020), professor emeritus at [[Oregon State University]] and Director of the Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering (NACSE); Vicki L. Hanson (2016–2018), Distinguished Professor at the [[Rochester Institute of Technology]] and visiting professor at the [[University of Dundee]]; [[Alexander L. Wolf]] (2014–2016), Dean of the [[Jack Baskin School of Engineering]] at the [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]; [[Vint Cerf]] (2012–2014), American computer scientist and Internet pioneer; Alain Chesnais (2010–2012); and [[Wendy Hall|Dame Wendy Hall]] of the [[University of Southampton]], UK (2008–2010).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acm.org/about/past-presidents |title=ACM Past Presidents |publisher=acm.org |access-date=2014-10-12}}</ref>
The President of ACM [[Yannis Ioannidis]], who has served as in the role since 2022. ACM is led by a council consisting of the president, vice-president, treasurer, past president, SIG Governing Board Chair, Publications Board Chair, three representatives of the SIG Governing Board, and seven Members-At-Large. This institution is often referred to simply as "Council" in ''Communications of the ACM''.
 
ACM is led by a council consisting of the president, vice-president, treasurer, past president, SIG Governing Board Chair, Publications Board Chair, three representatives of the SIG Governing Board, and seven Members-At-Large. This institution is often referred to simply as "Council" in ''Communications of the ACM''.


==Infrastructure==
==Infrastructure==
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The ACM-W gives an annual Athena Lecturer Award to honor outstanding women researchers who have made fundamental contributions to computer science.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://awards.acm.org/athena|title=About ACM Athena Lecturer Award|website=awards.acm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref> This program began in 2006. Speakers are nominated by SIG officers.<ref>{{cite web
The ACM-W gives an annual Athena Lecturer Award to honor outstanding women researchers who have made fundamental contributions to computer science.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://awards.acm.org/athena|title=About ACM Athena Lecturer Award|website=awards.acm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref> This program began in 2006. Speakers are nominated by SIG officers.<ref>{{cite web
| title = ACM-W Athena Lecturers Award Winners
| title = ACM-W Athena Lecturers Award Winners
| url = http://women.acm.org/ACM-W-Athena-Lectures
| url = https://women.acm.org/ACM-W-Athena-Lectures
| publisher = ACM
| publisher = ACM
| access-date = 2013-12-01
| access-date = 2013-12-01
Line 303: Line 325:
==Criticism==
==Criticism==
In December 2019, the ACM co-signed a letter with over one hundred other publishers to President [[Donald Trump]] saying that an [[open access]] mandate would increase costs to taxpayers or researchers and hurt [[intellectual property]]. This was in response to rumors that he was considering issuing an [[executive order]] that would require federally funded research be made freely available online immediately after being published. It is unclear how these rumors started.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Subbaraman |first=Nidhi |date=2019-12-20 |title=Rumours fly about changes to US government open-access policy |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03926-1 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-03926-1|pmid=33340013 |s2cid=214378269 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Many ACM members opposed the letter, leading ACM to issue a statement clarifying that they remained committed to open access,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACM Letter to OSTP |url=https://www.acm.org/articles/bulletins/2020/january/acm-letter-to-ostp |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=acm.org |language=en}}</ref> and they wanted to see communication with stakeholders about the potential mandate. The statement did not significantly assuage criticism from ACM members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Timothy B. |date=2019-12-27 |title=Trump could mandate free access to federally funded research papers |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/publishers-blast-rumored-ban-on-paywalls-for-federally-funded-research/ |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
In December 2019, the ACM co-signed a letter with over one hundred other publishers to President [[Donald Trump]] saying that an [[open access]] mandate would increase costs to taxpayers or researchers and hurt [[intellectual property]]. This was in response to rumors that he was considering issuing an [[executive order]] that would require federally funded research be made freely available online immediately after being published. It is unclear how these rumors started.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Subbaraman |first=Nidhi |date=2019-12-20 |title=Rumours fly about changes to US government open-access policy |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03926-1 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-03926-1|pmid=33340013 |s2cid=214378269 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Many ACM members opposed the letter, leading ACM to issue a statement clarifying that they remained committed to open access,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACM Letter to OSTP |url=https://www.acm.org/articles/bulletins/2020/january/acm-letter-to-ostp |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=acm.org |language=en}}</ref> and they wanted to see communication with stakeholders about the potential mandate. The statement did not significantly assuage criticism from ACM members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Timothy B. |date=2019-12-27 |title=Trump could mandate free access to federally funded research papers |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/publishers-blast-rumored-ban-on-paywalls-for-federally-funded-research/ |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
The [[Symposium on Computational Geometry|SoCG conference]], while originally an ACM conference, parted ways with ACM in 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=About ACM affiliation|url=http://computational-geometry.org/about_acm_affiliation.html|access-date=2020-06-04|website=computational-geometry.org}}</ref> because of problems when organizing conferences abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Erickson|first=Jeff|date=2014-06-05|title=A Brief History of SOCG and ACM|url=https://makingsocg.wordpress.com/2014/06/05/a-brief-history-of-socg-and-acm/|access-date=2020-06-04|website=Making SOCG|language=en}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[ACM Classification Scheme]]
* [[ACM Classification Scheme]]
* [[Franz Alt (mathematician)|Franz Alt]], former president
<!-- * [[Association of Information Technology Professionals]] -->
<!-- * [[Association of Information Technology Professionals]] -->
* [[Edmund Berkeley]], co-founder
* [[Edmund Berkeley]], co-founder
* [[Computer science]]
* [[Computer science]]
* [[Computing]]
* [[Computing]]
* [[Bernard Galler]], former president
* [[List of Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery|Fellows of the ACM (by year)]]
* [[:Category:Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery|Fellows of the ACM (category)]]
* [[Grace Murray Hopper Award]]
<!-- * [[Institution of Analysts and Programmers]] -->
<!-- * [[Institution of Analysts and Programmers]] -->
* [[:Category:Presidents of the Association for Computing Machinery|Presidents of the Association for Computing Machinery]]
* [[Timeline of computing hardware before 1950]]
* [[Timeline of computing hardware before 1950]]
* [[Turing Award]]
* [[List of academic databases and search engines]]
* [[List of academic databases and search engines]]
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Association for Computing Machinery}}
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website}}
*{{Official website}}
*{{cite book |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/1141880 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery <!-- |access-date=27 April 2022 --> |language=en |doi=10.1145/1141880 |date=2006 |quote=FREE|last1=Unknown |title=ACM Oral History interviews on |isbn=9781450317719 }}
*{{cite book |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/1141880 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery <!-- |access-date=27 April 2022 --> |language=en |doi=10.1145/1141880 |date=2006 |quote=FREE|last1=Unknown |title=ACM Oral History interviews on |isbn=9781450317719 }}
*[http://portal.acm.org/ ACM portal] for publications
*[http://portal.acm.org/ ACM portal] for publications
*[http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm ACM Digital Library]
*[http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm ACM Digital Library]
*[http://purl.umn.edu/51982 Association for Computing Machinery Records, 1947–2009], [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota.
*[https://purl.umn.edu/51982 Association for Computing Machinery Records, 1947–2009], [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota.
*[http://upe.acm.org/about.html ACM Upsilon Phi Epsilon]. [[honor society]]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409110208/http://upe.acm.org/about.html |date=April 9, 2018 }}.
*[http://upe.acm.org/about.html ACM Upsilon Phi Epsilon]. [[honor society]]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409110208/http://upe.acm.org/about.html |date=April 9, 2018 }}.


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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Association For Computing Machinery}}
[[Category:Association for Computing Machinery| ]]
[[Category:Association for Computing Machinery| ]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:American organizations established in 1947]]
[[Category:Computer science-related professional associations]]
[[Category:Computer science-related professional associations]]
[[Category:International learned societies]]
[[Category:International learned societies]]
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