Bead: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
imported>Qwekueben037 I Added An Image Of Traditional Ghanaian Seed Beads |
imported>InternetArchiveBot Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
A '''bead''' is a small, decorative object that is formed in a variety of shapes and sizes of a material such as stone, bone, shell, glass, plastic, wood, or pearl and with a small hole for [[Yarn|threading]] or stringing. Beads range in size from under 1 [[Millimetre|mm]] to over 1 [[Centimetre|cm]] in diameter. | A '''bead''' is a small, decorative object that is formed in a variety of shapes and sizes of a material such as stone, bone, shell, glass, plastic, wood, or pearl and with a small hole for [[Yarn|threading]] or stringing. Beads range in size from under 1 [[Millimetre|mm]] to over 1 [[Centimetre|cm]] in diameter. | ||
Beads represent some of the earliest forms of [[jewellery]], with a pair of beads made from ''[[Nassarius]]'' sea snail shells dating to approximately {{gaps|100|000}} years ago thought to be the earliest known example. | Beads represent some of the earliest forms of [[jewellery]], with a pair of beads made from ''[[Nassarius]]'' sea snail shells dating to approximately {{gaps|100|000}} years ago thought to be the earliest known example. [[Beadwork]] is the art or craft of making things with beads. Beads can be woven together with specialized [[Yarn|thread]], strung onto thread or soft, flexible [[wire]], or adhered to a surface (e.g. [[Cloth|fabric]], [[clay]]). | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| Line 110: | Line 110: | ||
==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
* [[Prayer beads|For prayer or devotion]] - e.g. [[Rosary|rosaries]] and [[Pater Noster cord]]s for Christians, [[misbaha]] for Muslims, [[japamala]]/nenju for Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, some Sikhs, [[Confucianism]], [[Tao]]ists/[[Dao]]ists, [[Shinto]], etc. The English word "bead" derives from [[Old English]] ''gebed'', meaning "prayer", reflecting this use of beads.<ref name=oed/> | * [[Prayer beads|For prayer or devotion]] - e.g. [[Rosary|rosaries]] and [[Pater Noster cord]]s for Christians, [[misbaha]] for Muslims, [[japamala]]/nenju, [http://Rudraksha Rudraksha]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} for Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, some Sikhs, [[Confucianism]], [[Tao]]ists/[[Dao]]ists, [[Shinto]], etc. The English word "bead" derives from [[Old English]] ''gebed'', meaning "prayer", reflecting this use of beads.<ref name=oed/> | ||
* For anti-tension devices, e.g. Greek [[komboloi]] ("worry beads"). | * For anti-tension devices, e.g. Greek [[komboloi]] ("worry beads"). | ||
* As currency, e.g. [[Aggrey beads]] from Ghana. | * As currency, e.g. [[Aggrey beads]] from Ghana. | ||
| Line 117: | Line 117: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Beads are thought to be one of the earliest forms of trade between members of the human race. It is believed that bead trading was one of the reasons why humans developed language.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pagel |first1=Mark |author-link=Mark Pagel |date=24 June 2015 |title=Why We Speak |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/06/why-humans-speak-language-origins/396635/ |access-date=11 September 2015 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Beads are said to have been used and traded for most of human history. The oldest beads were found in [[Blombos Cave]], [[South Africa]] (about {{gaps|75|000}} years old),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radford |first=Tim | Beads are thought to be one of the earliest forms of trade between members of the human race. It is believed that bead trading was one of the reasons why humans developed language.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pagel |first1=Mark |author-link=Mark Pagel |date=24 June 2015 |title=Why We Speak |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/06/why-humans-speak-language-origins/396635/ |access-date=11 September 2015 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Beads are said to have been used and traded for most of human history. The oldest beads were found in [[Blombos Cave]], [[South Africa]] (about {{gaps|75|000}} years old),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radford |first=Tim |date=2004-04-16 |title=World's oldest jewellery found in cave |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/16/artsandhumanities.arts |access-date=2025-05-16 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> and [[Ksar Akil]], [[Lebanon]] (about {{gaps|45|000}} years old).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Douka |first1=Katerina |last2=Bergman |first2=Christopher A. |last3=Hedges |first3=Robert E. M. |last4=Wesselingh |first4=Frank P. |last5=Higham |first5=Thomas F. G. |date=2013-09-11 |editor-last=Lalueza-Fox |editor-first=Carles |title=Chronology of Ksar Akil (Lebanon) and Implications for the Colonization of Europe by Anatomically Modern Humans |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=8 |issue=9 |article-number=e72931 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0072931 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3770606 |pmid=24039825|bibcode=2013PLoSO...872931D }}</ref> | ||
[[File:Pierre pendentif gauloise bijou.jpg|thumb|Antique Celtic pearl, [[Gallic people|Gallic]], stone]] | [[File:Pierre pendentif gauloise bijou.jpg|thumb|Antique Celtic pearl, [[Gallic people|Gallic]], stone]] | ||
| Line 129: | Line 129: | ||
== Magnetic beads == | == Magnetic beads == | ||
Selecting magnetic materials are considered useful for medical care and medical research. By linking monoclonal antibodies or DNA to magnetic beads, or by using magnetic beads coated with streptavidin, a specific interaction with the corresponding target is ensured. By means of an external magnet, the recovery of material for further studies is greatly simplified. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haukanes |first1=Bjørn-Ivar |last2=Kvam |first2=Catrine |date=January 1993 |title=Application of Magnetic Beads in Bioassays |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt0193-60 |journal=Bio/Technology |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=60–63 |doi=10.1038/nbt0193-60 |pmid=7763485 |issn=1546-1696|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | Selecting magnetic materials are considered useful for medical care and medical research. By linking monoclonal antibodies or DNA to magnetic beads, or by using magnetic beads coated with streptavidin, a specific interaction with the corresponding target is ensured. By means of an external magnet, the recovery of material for further studies is greatly simplified.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haukanes |first1=Bjørn-Ivar |last2=Kvam |first2=Catrine |date=January 1993 |title=Application of Magnetic Beads in Bioassays |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt0193-60 |journal=Bio/Technology |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=60–63 |doi=10.1038/nbt0193-60 |pmid=7763485 |issn=1546-1696|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||