Allegiance: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
imported>BananaMonkey71 mNo edit summary |
imported>BlaqWiedow Removed more citations needed template since more sources have been added since the template was placed |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Duty of fidelity, typically to a country}} | {{Short description|Duty of fidelity, typically to a country}} | ||
{{Other uses}} | {{Other uses}} | ||
{{Multiple issues| | {{Multiple issues|{{Research paper|date=October 2016}} | ||
{{Lead too short|date=May 2025}}}} | |||
{{Research paper|date=October 2016}} | |||
{{Lead too short|date=May 2025}} | |||
}} | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}} | {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}} | ||
{{Nationalism sidebar|core}} | {{Nationalism sidebar|core}} | ||
An '''allegiance''' is a duty of fidelity said to be owed, or freely committed, by the people, subjects or [[citizen]]s to their [[state (polity)|state]] or [[Monarch|sovereign]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Allegiance |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/allegiance |website=Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> | An '''allegiance''' is a duty of fidelity said to be owed, or freely committed, by the people, subjects or [[citizen]]s to their [[state (polity)|state]] or [[Monarch|sovereign]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Allegiance |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/allegiance |website=Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-Webster}}</ref><ref name = "OED1">{{cite book |chapter= allegiance |title= The Oxford English Dictionary: Being a Corrected Re-Issue of with An Introduction, Supplement and Bibliography of a New English Dictionary on Historical Principles |volume= 1 A-B |year= 1913 |place= Oxford |publisher= Clarendon Press |url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99992/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater |page= [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99992/page/231/mode/2up?view=theater 231] |via= [[Internet Archive]] |accessdate= 23 September 2025}}</ref><ref name = "OED2">{{cite book |chapter= liege |title= The Oxford English Dictionary: Being a Corrected Re-Issue of with An Introduction, Supplement and Bibliography of a New English Dictionary on Historical Principles |volume= 6 L-M |year= 1913 |place= Oxford |publisher= Clarendon Press |url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271836/mode/2up?view=theater |page= [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271836/page/n259/mode/2up?view=theater 257] |via= [[Internet Archive]] |accessdate= 23 September 2025}}</ref> | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
The word ''allegiance'' comes from [[Middle English]] ''{{Lang|enm|ligeaunce}}'' (see [[Medieval Latin]] ''{{Lang|la|ligeantia}}'', "a liegance"). The ''al-'' prefix was probably added through confusion with another legal term, ''allegation''. The connection with [[Latin]] ''{{Lang|la|ligare}}'', "to bind," is erroneous.<ref name="Chisholm1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Allegiance}}</ref> | The word ''allegiance'' comes from [[Middle English]] ''{{Lang|enm|ligeaunce}}'' (see [[Medieval Latin]] ''{{Lang|la|ligeantia}}'', "a liegance"). The ''al-'' prefix was probably added through confusion with another legal term, ''allegation''. The connection with [[Latin]] ''{{Lang|la|ligare}}'', "to bind," is erroneous.<ref name="Chisholm1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Allegiance}}</ref><ref name = "OED1"/> | ||
==Usage== | ==Usage== | ||
| Line 35: | Line 32: | ||
===In Islam=== | ===In Islam=== | ||
{{Main|Bay'ah}} | {{Main|Bay'ah}} | ||
In Arabic, allegiance is ''bay'ah'' (بيعة), meaning "taking hand." The [[Quran]] references it in [[Surah 48:10]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Whitehouse |first=Bill |title=Reality Without A Name |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVUCCnhTiHcC&pg=PA266 |publisher=Bilquees Press |isbn=0-9680995-6-4 |page=266}}</ref> | In Arabic, allegiance is ''bay'ah'' (بيعة), meaning "taking hand." The [[Quran]] references it in [[Surah 48:10]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Whitehouse |first=Bill |title=Reality Without A Name |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVUCCnhTiHcC&pg=PA266 |publisher=Bilquees Press |isbn=0-9680995-6-4 |page=266}}</ref> | ||
==Oath of allegiance== | ==Oath of allegiance== | ||
{{Main|Oath of allegiance}} | {{Main|Oath of allegiance}} | ||
An oath of allegiance pledges fidelity to the sovereign (or nation in republics). In the U.S., this is embodied in the [[Pledge of Allegiance]], which is voluntary due to the [[First Amendment]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/319/624 |title=West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette |website=LII / Legal Information Institute}}</ref> | An oath of allegiance pledges fidelity to the sovereign (or nation in republics). In the U.S., this is embodied in the [[Pledge of Allegiance]], which is voluntary due to the [[First Amendment]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/319/624 |title=West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette |website=LII / Legal Information Institute}}</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 23:19, 28 April 2026
TemplateStyles' src attribute must not be empty.
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
TemplateStyles'
src attribute must not be empty.
src attribute must not be empty. |
An allegiance is a duty of fidelity said to be owed, or freely committed, by the people, subjects or citizens to their state or sovereign.[1][2][3]
Etymology
The word allegiance comes from Middle English ligeaunce (see Medieval Latin ligeantia, "a liegance"). The al- prefix was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegation. The connection with Latin ligare, "to bind," is erroneous.[4][2]
Usage
Traditionally, English legal commentators used the term allegiance in two ways. One referred to "local allegiance"—the deference expected even from foreigners within a country.[5] Another sense was "natural allegiance," owed by native-born citizens.[6]
United Kingdom
The English doctrine once held that allegiance was indelible: Nemo potest exuere patriam. Before 1870, anyone born or naturalized in Britain owed lifelong allegiance unless parliament permitted otherwise.[4] This doctrine was a factor in the War of 1812.
Allegiance bound subject to monarch, and monarch to subject: duplex et reciprocum ligamen ("double and reciprocal bond").[7]
Four types of allegiance were recognized:
- Natural allegiance: by birth within the sovereign's dominions.
- Acquired allegiance: by naturalization or denization.
- Local allegiance: owed by aliens while in the country's protection.
- Legal allegiance: due when an alien takes an oath required for an office.
The Naturalization Act 1870 allowed British subjects to renounce nationality under specified conditions.[4]
United States
The U.S. rejected indelible allegiance early. John Rutledge declared in Talbot v. Janson that dual citizenship was possible.[8] The Expatriation Act of 1868 declared expatriation a natural right. Dual allegiance can lead to conflicting duties, possibly treason, so renunciation may be necessary.[4]
In Islam
In Arabic, allegiance is bay'ah (بيعة), meaning "taking hand." The Quran references it in Surah 48:10.[9]
Oath of allegiance
An oath of allegiance pledges fidelity to the sovereign (or nation in republics). In the U.S., this is embodied in the Pledge of Allegiance, which is voluntary due to the First Amendment.[10]
See also
References
- ↑ "Allegiance". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "allegiance". The Oxford English Dictionary: Being a Corrected Re-Issue of with An Introduction, Supplement and Bibliography of a New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. 1 A-B. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1913. p. 231. Retrieved September 23, 2025 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "liege". The Oxford English Dictionary: Being a Corrected Re-Issue of with An Introduction, Supplement and Bibliography of a New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. 6 L-M. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1913. p. 257. Retrieved September 23, 2025 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Allegiance". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ "Local allegiance". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
- ↑ "Natural allegiance". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
- ↑ Calvin's Case (1608) 7 Co Rep 1a; 77 ER 377
- ↑ 3 U.S. 133, [1]
- ↑ Whitehouse, Bill. Reality Without A Name. Bilquees Press. p. 266. ISBN 0-9680995-6-4.
- ↑ "West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette". LII / Legal Information Institute.
Further reading
- Salmond, John W. (July 1901). "Citizenship and Allegiance I". Law Quarterly Review. XVII: 270–282.
- Salmond, John W. (January 1902). "Citizenship and Allegiance II". Law Quarterly Review. XVIII: 49–63.
- Willoughby, W. W. (October 1907). "Citizenship and Allegiance in Constitutional and International Law". The American Journal of International Law. 1 (4): 914–929. doi:10.2307/2186498. JSTOR 2186498.
External links
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Categories:
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
- Wikipedia articles with style issues from October 2016
- Wikipedia introduction cleanup from May 2025
- Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from May 2025
- All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify
- Articles with multiple maintenance issues
- Use mdy dates from June 2013
- Articles containing Middle English (1100-1500)-language text
- Articles containing Latin-language text
- Allegiance
- Nationalism