Economy of Chad: Difference between revisions

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m Fixed up the sentence in the lede on oil field nationalization, replaced associated citation's 'web' template with 'news' template for futureproofing
 
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{{Infobox economy
{{Infobox economy
|country         = Chad
| country = Chad
|image           = Tailor in Chad.jpg
| image = Tailor in Chad.jpg
|image_size     = 310px
| image_size = 310px
|caption         = A tailor in [[Chad]]
| caption = A tailor in [[Chad]]
|currency       = [[Central African CFA franc]] (XAF)
| currency = [[Central African CFA franc]] (XAF)
|fixed exchange =
| fixed exchange =  
|year           = Calendar year
| year = Calendar year
|organs         = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]]
| organs = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]]
| gdp = {{plainlist|
| gdp = {{plainlist|
* {{Decrease}} $18.79 billion ([[GDP (nominal)|nominal]]; {{abbr|2025|2025 forecast}})<ref name="IMF DataMapper">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/TCD |title=IMF DataMapper: Chad |website=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=2025 |access-date=31 May 2025}}</ref>
* {{Decrease}} $18.79 billion ([[GDP (nominal)|nominal]]; {{abbr|2025|2025 forecast}})<ref name="IMF DataMapper">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/TCD |title=IMF DataMapper: Chad |website=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=2025 |access-date=31 May 2025}}</ref>
Line 20: Line 20:
| gdp rank = {{plainlist|
| gdp rank = {{plainlist|
* [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|130th (nominal; 2025)]]
* [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|130th (nominal; 2025)]]
* [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|131th (PPP; 2025)]]
* [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|131st (PPP; 2025)]]
}}
}}
| growth = {{plainlist|   
| growth = {{plainlist|   
Line 33: Line 33:
}}
}}
| per capita rank = {{plainlist|
| per capita rank = {{plainlist|
* [[List of countries by GDP per capita (nominal)|171th (nominal; 2025)]]
* [[List of countries by GDP per capita (nominal)|171st (nominal; 2025)]]
* [[List of countries by GDP per capita (PPP)|170th (PPP; 2025)]]
* [[List of countries by GDP per capita (PPP)|170th (PPP; 2025)]]
}}
}}
|sectors         = {{plainlist|
| sectors = {{plainlist|
*[[Primary sector|agriculture]]: 52.7%
*[[Primary sector|agriculture]]: 52.7%
*[[Secondary sector|industry]]: 6.7%
*[[Secondary sector|industry]]: 6.7%
*[[Service sector|services]]: 40.6%
*[[Service sector|services]]: 40.6%
*(2011 est.)}}
*(2011 est.)}}
|components     =
| components =  
|inflation       = 4.037% (2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOTD">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=58&pr.y=7&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=628&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=6 December 2019}}</ref>
| inflation = 4.037% (2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOTD">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=58&pr.y=7&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=628&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=6 December 2019}}</ref>
|poverty         = 66.2% (2019 est.)
| poverty = 66.2% (2019 est.)
|gini           =
| gini =  
|hdi             = {{plainlist|
| hdi = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} 0.394 {{color|red|low}} (2022)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|189th]])
*{{increase}} 0.394 {{color|red|low}} (2022)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|189th]])
*{{increase}} 0.251 {{color|red|low}} [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref>}}
*{{increase}} 0.251 {{color|red|low}} [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref>}}
|edbr            = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|182nd (below average, 2020)]]<ref name="World Bank and International Financial Corporation">{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/chad |title=Ease of Doing Business in Chad |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=23 January 2017 }}</ref>
| labor = 7.300&nbsp;million (2018)
|labor           = 7.300&nbsp;million (2018)
| occupations = agriculture: 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing); industry and services: 20% (2006 est.)
|occupations     = agriculture: 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing); industry and services: 20% (2006 est.)
| unemployment =  
|unemployment   =
| industries = [[petroleum|oil]], cotton textiles, [[meatpacking]], brewing, [[natron]] (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, [[construction materials]]
|industries     = [[petroleum|oil]], cotton textiles, [[meatpacking]], brewing, [[natron]] (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, [[construction materials]]
| exports = $1.695&nbsp;billion (2018 est.)
|exports         = $1.695&nbsp;billion (2018 est.)
| export-goods = [[petroleum|oil]], cattle, cotton, [[gum arabic]]
|export-goods   = [[petroleum|oil]], cattle, cotton, [[gum arabic]]
| export-partners = {{plainlist|
|export-partners = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|United States}} 58.5%
*{{flag|United States}} 58.5%
*{{flag|India}} 13.3%
*{{flag|India}} 13.3%
*{{flag|Japan}} 11.3%
*{{flag|Japan}} 11.3%
*{{flag|China}} 4.1%
*{{flag|China}} 10.1%
*(2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#cd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004055/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#cd|archive-date=13 June 2007|title=Export Partners of Chad|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>}}
*{{flag|South Africa}} 3.1%
|imports         = $2.262&nbsp;billion (2018 est.)
 
|import-goods   = machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, [[foodstuff]]s, textiles
*(2024)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#cd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004055/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#cd|archive-date=13 June 2007|title=Export Partners of Chad|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>}}
|import-partners = {{plainlist|
| imports = $2.262&nbsp;billion (2019 est.)
*{{flag|France}} 16.5%
| import-goods = machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, [[foodstuff]]s, textiles
| import-partners = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|France}} 25.4%
*{{flag|China}} 14.2%
*{{flag|China}} 14.2%
*{{flag|Cameroon}} 11%
*{{flag|Germany}} 11%
*{{flag|United States}} 6.4%
*{{flag|United States}} 10.4%
*{{flag|India}} 6%
*{{flag|South Africa}} 6.8%
*{{flag|Belgium}} 5.7%
 
*{{flag|Italy}} 4.8%
*(2025)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#cd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003031/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#cd|archive-date=13 June 2007|title=Import Partners of Chad|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>}}
*(2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#cd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003031/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#cd|archive-date=13 June 2007|title=Import Partners of Chad|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>}}
| FDI = $567&nbsp;million (2019 est.)
|FDI             = $567&nbsp;million (2019 est.)
| gross external debt = $3.569&nbsp;billion (2019 est.)
|gross external debt = $3.569&nbsp;billion (2019 est.)
| debt =  
|debt           =
| revenue = $2.501&nbsp;billion (2011 est.)
|revenue         = $2.501&nbsp;billion (2011 est.)
| expenses = $3.482&nbsp;billion (2011 est.)
|expenses       = $3.482&nbsp;billion (2011 est.)
| aid = $238.3&nbsp;million (recipient) note – $125&nbsp;million committed by [[Republic of China|Taiwan]] (1997); $30&nbsp;million committed by [[African Development Bank]]; [[Official development assistance|ODA]] $150&nbsp;million ({{As of|2001|alt=2001}})
|aid             = $238.3&nbsp;million (recipient) note – $125&nbsp;million committed by [[Republic of China|Taiwan]] (1997); $30&nbsp;million committed by [[African Development Bank]]; [[Official development assistance|ODA]] $150&nbsp;million ({{As of|2001|alt=2001}})
| credit =  
|credit         =
| reserves = $147.7&nbsp;million (2019 est.)
|reserves       = $147.7&nbsp;million (2019 est.)
| spelling =  
|cianame        = chad
|spelling       =
}}
}}
The '''economy of Chad''' suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 80% of the population depends on subsistence agriculture, including livestock herding.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-07 |title=Chad - Agricultural Sectors |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/chad-agricultural-sectors |access-date=2025-03-17 |website= International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref> Of Africa's Francophone countries, [[Chad]] benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the [[World Bank]], the [[African Development Bank]], and other sources is directed mainly at improving agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of a lack of financing, the development of [[oil field]]s near [[Doba, Chad|Doba]], originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and is now operated by [[ExxonMobil]]. until 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chad says it has nationalised all assets owned by Exxon Mobil |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/24/chad-says-it-has-nationalized-all-assets-owned-by-exxon-mobil |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Regarding [[gross domestic product]], Chad ranks 147th globally with $11.051 billion as of 2018.
[[Chad]] has a [[Developing country|developing economy]]. It suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 80% of the population depends on subsistence agriculture, including livestock herding.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-07 |title=Chad - Agricultural Sectors |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/chad-agricultural-sectors |access-date=2025-03-17 |website= International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref> Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the [[World Bank]], the [[African Development Bank]], and other sources is directed mainly at improving agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of a lack of financing, the development of [[oil field]]s near [[Doba, Chad|Doba]], originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and then operated by [[ExxonMobil]] until 2023, when it was nationalized and put under control of the Chadian government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 March 2023 |title=Chad says it has nationalised all assets owned by Exxon Mobil |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/24/chad-says-it-has-nationalized-all-assets-owned-by-exxon-mobil |access-date=26 May 2026 |work=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Regarding [[gross domestic product]], Chad ranks 147th globally with $11.051 billion as of 2018.


==Agriculture==
==Agriculture==
Line 104: Line 103:


In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAOSTAT |url=https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref>
In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAOSTAT |url=https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref>
==Macro-economic trend==
The following table shows the leading economic indicators from 1980 to 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=628,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,GGXWDG_NGDP,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Year
! GDP
(in bn. US$ PPP)
! GDP per capita
(in US$ PPP)
!GDP
(in bn. US$ nominal)
! GDP Growth<br />(real)
!Government debt<br />(Percentage of GDP)
|-
|1980
|2.3
|498
|1.0
| -6.0%
|n/a
|-
|1985
|3.6
|704
|1.3
|7.9%
|n/a
|-
|1990
|5.2
|872
|2.5
|3.2%
|n/a
|-
|1995
|6.8
|970
|2.2
| -0.8%
|n/a
|-
|2000
|8.4
|1,005
|2.1
| -0.9%
|49.9%
|-
|2005
|18.9
|1,875
|9.1
|8.3%
|20.9%
|-
|2006
|19.8
|1,898
|10.2
|1.7%
|19.0%
|-
|2007
|21.2
|1,957
|12.0
|3.9%
|16.0%
|-
|2008
|22.5
|2,008
|14.4
|4.0%
|14.6%
|-
|2009
|23.3
|2,011
|13.0
|2.9%
|22.6%
|-
|2010
|26.0
|2,175
|14.3
|10.5%
|22.5%
|-
|2011
|26.9
|2,174
|16.2
|1.3%
|22.9%
|-
|2012
|29.3
|2,290
|16.2
|6.9%
|22.1%
|-
|2013
|31.4
|2,379
|16.9
|5.6%
|23.5%
|-
|2014
|34.0
|2,485
|18.2
|6.1%
|29.4%
|-
|2015
|34.7
|2,462
|14.5
|1.4%
|32.1%
|-
|2016
|32.9
|2,256
|13.4
| -6.3%
|38.1%
|-
|2017
|32.8
|2,182
|13.3
| -2.0%
|36.8%
|-
|2018
|36.0
|2,325
|15.3
|5.9%
|33.3%
|-
|2019
|39.3
|2,462
|14.9
|6.6%
|38.0%
|-
|2020
|36.8
|2,240
|14.6
| -2.1%
|41.2%
|-
|2021
|41.0
|2,422
|15.9
| -0.9%
|42.4%
|-
|2022
|45.5
|2,612
|16.3
|3.6%
|34.5%
|-
|2023
|49.4
|2,758
|17.6
|4.9%
|32.7%
|-
|2024
|52.2
|2,832
|18.7
|3.2%
|31.5%
|}


==Other statistics==
==Other statistics==
Line 351: Line 160:
'''electrification:''' total population: 4%  (2013)
'''electrification:''' total population: 4%  (2013)


'''electrification:''' urban areas: 14% (<span class="subfield-note"></span>2013)
'''electrification:''' urban areas: 14% (2013)


'''electrification:''' rural areas: 1% (<span class="subfield-note"></span>2013)
'''electrification:''' rural areas: 1% (2013)


'''Electricity – production:'''
'''Electricity – production:'''
Line 403: Line 212:
'''Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:'''
'''Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:'''
$22.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$22.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)
==Macro-economic trend==
The following table shows the leading economic indicators from 1980 to 2024. Inflation below 5% is in green.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chad |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/TCD |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=www.imf.org}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Year
! GDP
(in bn. US$ PPP)
! GDP per capita
(in US$ PPP)
!GDP
(in bn. US$ nominal)
! GDP Growth<br />(real)
!Inflation
rate
!Government debt<br />(Percentage of GDP)
|-
|1980
|2.3
|502
|1.0
|{{Decrease}} -6.0%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}8.6%
|n/a
|-
|1985
|{{Increase}}3.6
|{{Increase}}709
|{{Increase}}1.3
|{{Increase}}7.9%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}5.1%
|n/a
|-
|1990
|{{Increase}}5.2
|{{Increase}}879
|{{Increase}}2.4
|{{Increase}}3.2%
|{{Increase}}0.5%
|n/a
|-
|1995
|{{Increase}}6.9
|{{Increase}}977
|{{Decrease}}2.1
|{{Decrease}} -0.8%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}5.4%
|n/a
|-
|2000
|{{Increase}}8.5
|{{Increase}}1012
|{{Decrease}}2.0
|{{Decrease}} -0.9%
|{{Increase}}3.8%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}52.4%
|-
|2005
|{{Increase}}18.9
|{{Increase}}1875
|{{Increase}}8.7
|{{Increase}}7.5%
|{{Increase}}4.4%
|{{DecreasePositive}}22%
|-
|2006
|{{Increase}}19.4
|{{Decrease}}1857
|{{Increase}}9.7
|{{Decrease}} -0.5%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}9.6%
|{{DecreasePositive}}20.1%
|-
|2007
|{{Increase}}20.8
|{{Increase}}1924
|{{Increase}}10.9
|{{Increase}}4.4%
|{{Increase}} -7.4%
|{{DecreasePositive}}17.6%
|-
|2008
|{{Increase}}21.9
|{{Increase}}1955
|{{Increase}}13.4
|{{Increase}}3.1%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}8.3%
|{{DecreasePositive}}15.7%
|-
|2009
|{{Decrease}}21.7
|{{Decrease}}1878
|{{Decrease}}12.3
|{{Decrease}} -1.3%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}10.1%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}23.9%
|-
|2010
|{{Increase}}25.0
|{{Increase}}2092
|{{Increase}}14.1
|{{Increase}}13.8%
|{{Increase}} -2.1%
|{{DecreasePositive}}22.9%
|-
|2011
|{{Increase}}26.7
|{{Increase}}2159
|{{Increase}}16.7
|{{Increase}}4.6%
|{{Increase}}2%
|{{DecreasePositive}}22.3%
|-
|2012
|{{Increase}}29.6
|{{Increase}}2315
|{{Increase}}17.9
|{{Increase}}8.9%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}7.5%
|{{DecreasePositive}}20%
|-
|2013
|{{Increase}}31.0
|{{Increase}}2344
|{{Steady}}17.9
|{{Increase}}2.9%
|{{Increase}}0.2%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}22.3%
|-
|2014
|{{Increase}}32.3
|{{Increase}}2360
|{{Increase}}18.2
|{{Increase}}2.3%
|{{Increase}} -5.5%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}29.4%
|-
|2015
|{{Increase}}33.6
|{{Increase}}2380
|{{Decrease}}14.6
|{{Increase}}3.2%
|{{Increase}}4.8%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}31.3%
|-
|2016
|{{Decrease}}32.7
|{{Decrease}}2243
|{{Decrease}}13.1
|{{Decrease}} -3.7%
|{{Increase}} -1.6%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}40.2%
|-
|2017
|{{Decrease}}32.6
|{{Decrease}}2168
|{{Increase}}13.3
|{{Decrease}} -2.1%
|{{Increase}} -0.9%
|{{DecreasePositive}}39.1%
|-
|2018
|{{Increase}}35.6
|{{Increase}}2301
|{{Increase}}15.2
|{{Increase}}5.2%
|{{Increase}}4%
|{{DecreasePositive}}33.8%
|-
|2019
|{{Increase}}39.0
|{{Increase}}2446
|{{Decrease}}14.8
|{{Increase}}5.9%
|{{Increase}} -1%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}38.4%
|-
|2020
|{{Decrease}}37.3
|{{Decrease}}2270
|{{Steady}}14.8
|{{Steady}} 0.0%
|{{Increase}} -2.7%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}41.6%
|-
|2021
|{{Increase}}43.7
|{{Increase}}2581
|{{Increase}}17.0
|{{Increase}} 2.0%
|{{Increase}} -0.8%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}41.7%
|-
|2022
|{{Increase}}48.9
|{{Increase}}2810
|{{Increase}}18.1
|{{Increase}}4.7%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}5.8%
|{{DecreasePositive}}32.1%
|-
|2023
|{{Increase}}53.3
|{{Increase}}2973
|{{Increase}}18.6
|{{Increase}}5.0%
|{{Increase}}4.1%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}32.2%
|-
|2024
|{{Increase}}57.3
|{{Increase}}3110
|{{Increase}}20.7
|{{Increase}}5.0%
|{{IncreaseNegative}}5.7%
|{{DecreasePositive}}31.4%
|-
|2025
|{{Increase}}62.3
|{{Increase}}3284
|{{Increase}}22.1
|{{Increase}}5.6%
|{{Increase}} -2.6%
|{{DecreasePositive}}30.4%
|-
|2026
|{{Increase}}67.4
|{{Increase}}3458
|{{Increase}}25.6
|{{Increase}}5.2%
|{{Increase}}0.5%
|{{DecreasePositive}}29.9%
|}


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 17:17, 26 May 2026

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Template:Infobox economy Chad has a developing economy. It suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 80% of the population depends on subsistence agriculture, including livestock herding.[1] Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and other sources is directed mainly at improving agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of a lack of financing, the development of oil fields near Doba, originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and then operated by ExxonMobil until 2023, when it was nationalized and put under control of the Chadian government.[2] Regarding gross domestic product, Chad ranks 147th globally with $11.051 billion as of 2018.

Agriculture

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Main article: Agriculture in Chad

Chad produced in 2023:

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.[5]

Other statistics

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GDP: purchasing power parity – $28.62 billion (2017 est.)

GDP – real growth rate: -3.1% (2017 est.)

GDP – per capita: $2,300 (2017 est.)

Gross national saving: 15.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

GDP – composition by sector:
agriculture: 52.3% (2017 est.)
industry: 14.7% (2017 est.)
services: 33.1% (2017 est.)

Population below poverty line:: 46.7% (2011 est.)

Distribution of family income – Gini index: 43.3 (2011 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.9% (2017 est.)

Labor force: 5.654 million (2017 est.)

Labor force – by occupation: agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2006 est.)

Budget:
revenues: 1.337 billion (2017 est.)
expenditures: 1.481 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt: 52.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Industries: oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Industrial production growth rate: -4% (2017 est.)

electrification: total population: 4% (2013)

electrification: urban areas: 14% (2013)

electrification: rural areas: 1% (2013)

Electricity – production: 224.3 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – production by source:
fossil fuel: ~98%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other renewable: ~3% (2017)

Electricity – consumption: 208.6 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – imports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)

Agriculture – products: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, sesame, corn, rice, potatoes, onions, cassava (manioc, tapioca), cattle, sheep, goats, camels

Exports: $2.464 billion (2017 est.)

Exports – commodities: oil, livestock, cotton, sesame, gum arabic, shea butter

Exports – partners: US 38.7%, China 16.6%, Netherlands 15.7%, UAE 12.2%, India 6.3% (2017)

Imports: $2.16 billion (2017 est.)

Imports – commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports – partners: China 19.9%, Cameroon 17.2%, France 17%, US 5.4%, India 4.9%, Senegal 4.5% (2017)

Debt – external: $1.724 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $22.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)

Macro-economic trend

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The following table shows the leading economic indicators from 1980 to 2024. Inflation below 5% is in green.[6]

Year GDP

(in bn. US$ PPP)

GDP per capita

(in US$ PPP)

GDP

(in bn. US$ nominal)

GDP Growth
(real) 		Inflation

rate

Government debt
(Percentage of GDP)
1980 2.3 502 1.0 Decrease -6.0% Negative increase8.6% n/a
1985 Increase3.6 Increase709 Increase1.3 Increase7.9% Negative increase5.1% n/a
1990 Increase5.2 Increase879 Increase2.4 Increase3.2% Increase0.5% n/a
1995 Increase6.9 Increase977 Decrease2.1 Decrease -0.8% Negative increase5.4% n/a
2000 Increase8.5 Increase1012 Decrease2.0 Decrease -0.9% Increase3.8% Negative increase52.4%
2005 Increase18.9 Increase1875 Increase8.7 Increase7.5% Increase4.4% Template:DecreasePositive22%
2006 Increase19.4 Decrease1857 Increase9.7 Decrease -0.5% Negative increase9.6% Template:DecreasePositive20.1%
2007 Increase20.8 Increase1924 Increase10.9 Increase4.4% Increase -7.4% Template:DecreasePositive17.6%
2008 Increase21.9 Increase1955 Increase13.4 Increase3.1% Negative increase8.3% Template:DecreasePositive15.7%
2009 Decrease21.7 Decrease1878 Decrease12.3 Decrease -1.3% Negative increase10.1% Negative increase23.9%
2010 Increase25.0 Increase2092 Increase14.1 Increase13.8% Increase -2.1% Template:DecreasePositive22.9%
2011 Increase26.7 Increase2159 Increase16.7 Increase4.6% Increase2% Template:DecreasePositive22.3%
2012 Increase29.6 Increase2315 Increase17.9 Increase8.9% Negative increase7.5% Template:DecreasePositive20%
2013 Increase31.0 Increase2344 Steady17.9 Increase2.9% Increase0.2% Negative increase22.3%
2014 Increase32.3 Increase2360 Increase18.2 Increase2.3% Increase -5.5% Negative increase29.4%
2015 Increase33.6 Increase2380 Decrease14.6 Increase3.2% Increase4.8% Negative increase31.3%
2016 Decrease32.7 Decrease2243 Decrease13.1 Decrease -3.7% Increase -1.6% Negative increase40.2%
2017 Decrease32.6 Decrease2168 Increase13.3 Decrease -2.1% Increase -0.9% Template:DecreasePositive39.1%
2018 Increase35.6 Increase2301 Increase15.2 Increase5.2% Increase4% Template:DecreasePositive33.8%
2019 Increase39.0 Increase2446 Decrease14.8 Increase5.9% Increase -1% Negative increase38.4%
2020 Decrease37.3 Decrease2270 Steady14.8 Steady 0.0% Increase -2.7% Negative increase41.6%
2021 Increase43.7 Increase2581 Increase17.0 Increase 2.0% Increase -0.8% Negative increase41.7%
2022 Increase48.9 Increase2810 Increase18.1 Increase4.7% Negative increase5.8% Template:DecreasePositive32.1%
2023 Increase53.3 Increase2973 Increase18.6 Increase5.0% Increase4.1% Negative increase32.2%
2024 Increase57.3 Increase3110 Increase20.7 Increase5.0% Negative increase5.7% Template:DecreasePositive31.4%
2025 Increase62.3 Increase3284 Increase22.1 Increase5.6% Increase -2.6% Template:DecreasePositive30.4%
2026 Increase67.4 Increase3458 Increase25.6 Increase5.2% Increase0.5% Template:DecreasePositive29.9%

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "Chad - Agricultural Sectors". International Trade Administration. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  2. ↑ "Chad says it has nationalised all assets owned by Exxon Mobil". Al Jazeera. 24 March 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2026.
  3. ↑ "Yam production and top producing countries". 17 March 2025.
  4. ↑ "Chad Production". ipad.fas.usda.gov. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  5. ↑ "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  6. ↑ "Chad". www.imf.org. Retrieved 24 April 2026.
General
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Template:Chad topics Template:Africa in topic

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