National Anthem of Chile: Difference between revisions
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| predecessor = [[Canción Nacional Chilena]] | | predecessor = [[Canción Nacional Chilena]] | ||
| until = | | until = | ||
| sound = | | sound = Himno Nacional de Chile.ogg | ||
| sound_title = Instrumental version | | sound_title = Instrumental version | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Infobox musical composition | {{Infobox musical composition | ||
| key = C major, E major, B major, | | key = C major, E major, B major, | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Listen | {{Listen | ||
| filename = | | filename = Gob 2022-2026 Material audiovisual Himno Nacional Cantado.mp3 | ||
| title = Official orchestral and vocal recording | | title = Official orchestral and vocal recording | ||
| type = music | | type = music | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''National Anthem of Chile''',{{efn|{{langx|es|Himno Nacional de Chile}}, {{IPA|es|ˈimno nasjoˈnal de ˈtʃile|pron}}}} also referred to as the "'''National Song'''"{{efn|{{langx|es|link=no|Canción Nacional}}, {{IPA|es|kanˈsjon nasjoˈnal|pron}}}} or by its [[incipit]] as "'''{{lang|es|italic=no|Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado}}'''" ("Pure, Chile, Is Your Bluish Sky"),<ref>{{Cite web |title=National anthem of Chile - Canción Nacional - Music and Lyrics |url=https://www.hymne-national.com/en/national-anthem-chile/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=National Anthem |date=February 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607125258/https://www.hymne-national.com/en/national-anthem-chile/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> was adopted in 1828. It has a history of two lyrics and two melodies that made up three different versions. The current version was composed by [[Ramón Carnicer]], with words by [[Eusebio Lillo]], and has six parts plus the chorus. | The '''National Anthem of Chile''',{{efn|{{langx|es|Himno Nacional de Chile}}, {{IPA|es-419|ˈimno nasjoˈnal de ˈtʃile|pron|small=no}}.}} also referred to as the "'''National Song'''"{{efn|{{langx|es|link=no|Canción Nacional}}, {{IPA|es-419|kanˈsjon nasjoˈnal|pron|small=no}}.}} or by its [[incipit]] as "'''{{lang|es|italic=no|Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado}}'''" ("Pure, Chile, Is Your Bluish Sky"),<ref>{{Cite web |title=National anthem of Chile - Canción Nacional - Music and Lyrics |url=https://www.hymne-national.com/en/national-anthem-chile/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=National Anthem |date=February 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607125258/https://www.hymne-national.com/en/national-anthem-chile/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> was adopted in 1828. It has a history of two lyrics and two melodies that made up three different versions. The current version was composed by [[Ramón Carnicer]], with words by [[Eusebio Lillo]], and has six parts plus the chorus. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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===Second national anthem=== | ===Second national anthem=== | ||
The second and current Chilean national anthem was composed by the Spanish composer [[Ramón Carnicer]] | The second and current Chilean national anthem was composed by the Spanish composer [[Ramón Carnicer]] when he was exiled to England because of his liberal ideas. Chilean Minister in London [[Mariano Egaña]], acting on the criticism that Robles' song received, asked Carnicer to compose a new hymn with Bernardo de Vera's original text. | ||
The Spanish musician probably | The Spanish musician had probably written the work by 1827, the date he returned to Barcelona. His hymn debuted at the Arteaga Theater in [[Santiago]] on 23 December 1828. | ||
Years later | Years later (likely in 1847), the Chilean government entrusted the young poet [[Eusebio Lillo]] with a new text that would replace the anti-Spain poem of Vera y Pintado, and after being analyzed by [[Andrés Bello]], retained the original chorus ("''Dulce patria, recibe los votos...''"). The lyrics were slightly revised in 1909. | ||
During the [[Military dictatorship of Chile|military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet]], | During the [[Military dictatorship of Chile|military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet]], Verse III was officially incorporated because of the dictator's praise of the armed forces and the national police ([[Carabineros de Chile|Carabineros]]). After the end of Pinochet's regime in 1990, it was only sung at military events. Supporters from the former military junta also sing the anthem with Verse III in private ceremonies and rallies, causing controversy due to a growing general consensus on the [[Human rights abuses in Chile under Augusto Pinochet|crimes against humanity committed by the regime]]. | ||
During the celebrations marking the [[Chilean transition to democracy|1990 return of democracy]] at Santiago's [[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos]], the anthem was played in its present form with the melody raised to F Major. This was the original melody of the second anthem by Carnicer, but it used the 1847 lyrics save for the original chorus of the 1819 anthem. This was the version that was played before broadcasts of Chilean presidential addresses from 1991 to 2000. In 2000, it was replaced by a more stylized version that was used until 2010. Afterward, the anthem was omitted from future addresses. Following the end of the dictatorship, television stations rarely used the anthem during [[sign-on]] and [[sign-off]], and the practice fell off significantly during the 1990s. Radio stations in Chile continue to play the anthem on New Year's Eve by tradition to start the celebrations.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable sources needed for the whole paragraph|date=August 2022}} | |||
The anthem has also been translated into [[Mapudungun]],<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvwp3Temkwc| title = Himno Nacional de Chile (Versión en Mapudungun) - "Lof g'l" - con subtítulos| website = [[YouTube]]| date = 24 April 2019}}</ref> the largest and most commonly spoken indigenous language in Chile, spoken by the [[Mapuche]] people. | |||
== Lyrics == | == Lyrics == | ||
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{{Listen | {{Listen | ||
| type = music | | type = music | ||
| filename = | | filename =Gob 2022-2026 Material audiovisual Himno Nacional Orquestado.mp3 | ||
| title = | | title = Official instrumental version | ||
}} | }} | ||
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Dulce Patria, recibe los votos | Dulce Patria, recibe los votos | ||
con que Chile en tus aras juró | con que Chile en tus aras juró | ||
𝄆 que o la tumba serás de los libres | |||
o el asilo contra la opresión. 𝄇 | |||
que o la tumba serás de los libres | que o la tumba serás de los libres | ||
o el asilo contra la opresión | |||
o el asilo contra la opresión | |||
o el asilo contra la opresión. | o el asilo contra la opresión. | ||
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combatiendo en el campo de honor. | combatiendo en el campo de honor. | ||
El que ayer doblegábase esclavo | El que ayer doblegábase esclavo | ||
libre al fin y triunfante se ve; | 𝄆 libre al fin y triunfante se ve; 𝄇 | ||
libertad es la herencia del bravo, | 𝄆 libertad es la herencia del bravo, | ||
la Victoria se humilla a su pie. | la Victoria se humilla a su pie 𝄇. | ||
'''II''' | '''II''' | ||
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te encontraron los hijos del Cid. | te encontraron los hijos del Cid. | ||
Que tus libres tranquilos coronen | Que tus libres tranquilos coronen | ||
a las artes, la industria y la paz, | 𝄆 a las artes, la industria y la paz, 𝄇 | ||
y de triunfos cantares entonen | 𝄆 y de triunfos cantares entonen | ||
que amedrenten al déspota audaz. | que amedrenten al déspota audaz 𝄇. | ||
'''III''' | '''III''' | ||
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los sabrán nuestros hijos también. | los sabrán nuestros hijos también. | ||
Sean ellos el grito de muerte | Sean ellos el grito de muerte | ||
que lancemos marchando a lidiar, | 𝄆 que lancemos marchando a lidiar, 𝄇 | ||
y sonando en la boca del fuerte | 𝄆 y sonando en la boca del fuerte | ||
hagan siempre al tirano temblar. | hagan siempre al tirano temblar 𝄇. | ||
'''IV''' | '''IV''' | ||
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y sepamos vencer o morir. | y sepamos vencer o morir. | ||
Con su sangre el altivo araucano | Con su sangre el altivo araucano | ||
nos legó, por herencia, el valor; | 𝄆 nos legó, por herencia, el valor; 𝄇 | ||
y no tiembla la espada en la mano | 𝄆 y no tiembla la espada en la mano | ||
defendiendo, de Chile, el honor. | defendiendo, de Chile, el honor 𝄇. | ||
'''V {{small|(verso oficial)}}''' | '''V {{small|(verso oficial)}}''' | ||
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es la copia feliz del Edén. | es la copia feliz del Edén. | ||
Majestuosa es la blanca montaña | Majestuosa es la blanca montaña | ||
𝄆 Que te dio por baluarte el Señor, 𝄇 | |||
Y ese mar que tranquilo te baña | 𝄆 Y ese mar que tranquilo te baña | ||
Te promete un futuro esplendor 𝄇. | |||
'''VI''' | '''VI''' | ||
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con tu sombra las cubra la paz. | con tu sombra las cubra la paz. | ||
Nuestros pechos serán tu baluarte, | Nuestros pechos serán tu baluarte, | ||
con tu nombre sabremos vencer, | 𝄆 con tu nombre sabremos vencer, 𝄇 | ||
o tu noble, glorioso estandarte, | 𝄆 o tu noble, glorioso estandarte, | ||
nos verá, combatiendo, caer.}}</poem> | nos verá, combatiendo, caer 𝄇.}}</poem> | ||
|<poem>{{small|'''Chorus:'''}} | |<poem>{{small|'''Chorus:'''}} | ||
Sweet Homeland, receive the vows | Sweet Homeland, receive the vows | ||
That Chile gave you on your altars | That Chile gave you on your altars | ||
𝄆 That you be either the tomb of the free | |||
Or a refuge from oppression 𝄇 | |||
That you be either the tomb of the free | That you be either the tomb of the free | ||
Or a refuge from oppression | |||
Or a refuge from oppression | |||
Or a refuge from oppression | Or a refuge from oppression | ||
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fighting in the field of honor. | fighting in the field of honor. | ||
That who yesterday was a slave | That who yesterday was a slave | ||
is free and triumphant today; | 𝄆 is free and triumphant today; 𝄇 | ||
freedom is the heritage of the brave, | 𝄆 freedom is the heritage of the brave, | ||
Victory lies shameful to his feet. | Victory lies shameful to his feet 𝄇. | ||
'''II''' | '''II''' | ||
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you conquered your name on the fight; | you conquered your name on the fight; | ||
always noble, constant and courageous | always noble, constant and courageous | ||
the children of | the children of [[El Cid]] found you. | ||
May your free calmly crown | May your free calmly crown | ||
the arts, industry and peace, | 𝄆 the arts, industry and peace, 𝄇 | ||
and may they sing songs of your triumph | 𝄆 and may they sing songs of your triumph | ||
to intimidate the daring despot. | to intimidate the daring despot 𝄇. | ||
'''III''' | '''III''' | ||
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our children will know them as well. | our children will know them as well. | ||
May they be the death cry | May they be the death cry | ||
that comes out when we march to the fight, | 𝄆 that comes out when we march to the fight, 𝄇 | ||
and ringing in the mouth of the strong | 𝄆 and ringing in the mouth of the strong | ||
they always make the tyrant tremble. | they always make the tyrant tremble 𝄇. | ||
'''IV''' | '''IV''' | ||
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and know victory or death. | and know victory or death. | ||
With its blood the proud Mapuches | With its blood the proud Mapuches | ||
inherited its courage to us; | 𝄆 inherited its courage to us; 𝄇 | ||
and the sword doesn't tremble in the hand | 𝄆 and the sword doesn't tremble in the hand | ||
of that who defends the honor of Chile. | of that who defends the honor of Chile 𝄇. | ||
'''V {{small|(official verse)}}''' | '''V {{small|(official verse)}}''' | ||
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Are the happy copy of Eden | Are the happy copy of Eden | ||
Majestic are the white mountains | Majestic are the white mountains | ||
That the Lord gave you as a bastion | 𝄆 That the Lord gave you as a bastion 𝄇 | ||
And that sea that tranquilly bathes your shore | 𝄆 And that sea that tranquilly bathes your shore | ||
Promises you a future splendor. | Promises you a future splendor 𝄇. | ||
'''VI''' | '''VI''' | ||
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may your shadow cover them with peace. | may your shadow cover them with peace. | ||
Our chests will be your bastion | Our chests will be your bastion | ||
in your name we will know how to win, | 𝄆 in your name we will know how to win, 𝄇 | ||
or your noble, glorious emblem | 𝄆 or your noble, glorious emblem | ||
will see us fall in the fight.</poem> | will see us fall in the fight 𝄇.</poem> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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May they be the death cry | May they be the death cry | ||
𝄆 that comes out when we march to the fight, 𝄇 | 𝄆 that comes out when we march to the fight, 𝄇 | ||
and ringing in the mouth of the strong | 𝄆 and ringing in the mouth of the strong | ||
they always make the tyrant tremble. 𝄇 | they always make the tyrant tremble. 𝄇 | ||
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The National Anthem of Chile,[lower-alpha 1] also referred to as the "National Song"[lower-alpha 2] or by its incipit as "Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado" ("Pure, Chile, Is Your Bluish Sky"),[1] was adopted in 1828. It has a history of two lyrics and two melodies that made up three different versions. The current version was composed by Ramón Carnicer, with words by Eusebio Lillo, and has six parts plus the chorus.
History
First national anthem
The first Chilean national anthem dates back to 1819, when the government called for, on 13 January, the creation of music and lyrics for this purpose.
The composer Manuel Robles and the poet Bernardo de Vera y Pintado fulfilled this mandate and their "National Song" debuted on 20 August 1820 in the Domingo Arteaga theater, although other historians claim that it was played and sung during the festivities of September 1819.
In the beginning, everyone would stand for the song. The custom of always singing it at the theater slowly disappeared, until it was requested that it only be sung at the anniversary of the country.
The doctor Bernardo Vera, known in the history of the independence, was the author of the verses that were sung to Robles' music.
This first hymn was sung until 1828, when it was replaced with what is currently being sung.
Second national anthem
The second and current Chilean national anthem was composed by the Spanish composer Ramón Carnicer when he was exiled to England because of his liberal ideas. Chilean Minister in London Mariano Egaña, acting on the criticism that Robles' song received, asked Carnicer to compose a new hymn with Bernardo de Vera's original text.
The Spanish musician had probably written the work by 1827, the date he returned to Barcelona. His hymn debuted at the Arteaga Theater in Santiago on 23 December 1828.
Years later (likely in 1847), the Chilean government entrusted the young poet Eusebio Lillo with a new text that would replace the anti-Spain poem of Vera y Pintado, and after being analyzed by Andrés Bello, retained the original chorus ("Dulce patria, recibe los votos..."). The lyrics were slightly revised in 1909.
During the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, Verse III was officially incorporated because of the dictator's praise of the armed forces and the national police (Carabineros). After the end of Pinochet's regime in 1990, it was only sung at military events. Supporters from the former military junta also sing the anthem with Verse III in private ceremonies and rallies, causing controversy due to a growing general consensus on the crimes against humanity committed by the regime.
During the celebrations marking the 1990 return of democracy at Santiago's Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos, the anthem was played in its present form with the melody raised to F Major. This was the original melody of the second anthem by Carnicer, but it used the 1847 lyrics save for the original chorus of the 1819 anthem. This was the version that was played before broadcasts of Chilean presidential addresses from 1991 to 2000. In 2000, it was replaced by a more stylized version that was used until 2010. Afterward, the anthem was omitted from future addresses. Following the end of the dictatorship, television stations rarely used the anthem during sign-on and sign-off, and the practice fell off significantly during the 1990s. Radio stations in Chile continue to play the anthem on New Year's Eve by tradition to start the celebrations.[citation needed]
The anthem has also been translated into Mapudungun,[2] the largest and most commonly spoken indigenous language in Chile, spoken by the Mapuche people.
Lyrics
Official lyrics
Below are the lyrics of the most played version; it corresponds to verse V of the full version and the chorus.[3][4]
| Spanish original[4] | IPA transcription[lower-alpha 3] | English translation |
|---|---|---|
Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado. |
[ˈpu.ɾo | ˈt͡ʃi.le‿es tu ˈsje.lo‿a.su.ˈla.ðo ǁ] |
Pure, Chile, is your bluish sky |
Full lyrics
According to Chilean Constitution [decree 260], only the fifth verse and the chorus are played officially as the National Anthem.
| Spanish original[3] | English translation |
|---|---|
Coro: |
Chorus: |
1973–1990 lyrics
The following lyrics were used during the military regime in the country. Both the 5th and 3rd verses were used.
| Spanish original[5] | English translation |
|---|---|
I |
I |
Notes
- ↑ Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., es-419.
- ↑ Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., es-419.
- ↑ See Help:IPA/Spanish, Spanish phonology and Chilean Spanish.
References
- ↑ "National anthem of Chile - Canción Nacional - Music and Lyrics". National Anthem. February 2023. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
- ↑ "Himno Nacional de Chile (Versión en Mapudungun) - "Lof g'l" - con subtítulos". YouTube. 24 April 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "El primer Himno Nacional de Chile". Icarito. 1 December 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gobierno de Chile. "Himno Nacional". Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ↑ "HIMNO Y LETRA". Archived from the original on 18 February 2002.
External links
| File:Commons-logo.svg | Wikimedia Commons has media related to National anthem of Chile. |
- Himno Nacional Nueva versión
- Chile - Canción Patriótica Nro. 2 (ca 1810) (in Spanish)
- Chile: Himno Nacional de Chile - Audio of the national anthem of Chile, with information and lyrics (archive link)
- Decree 260 national anthem
- Sobre los verdaderos simbolos patrios de Chile simbolospatrios.cl (in Spanish)
- Chile National Anthem, full lyric, MP3 format, vocal and instrumental (in Spanish)
- National Anthem of Chile (Full 6 Stanzas) - "Himno Nacional de Chile" – DeroVolkTV, YouTube
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- Songs in Spanish
- South American anthems
- National symbols of Chile
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- Compositions in C major
- 1847 in Chile