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{{short description|American academic (born 1945)}}
{{short description|American academic (born 1945)}}
{{Other people||David Friedman (disambiguation){{!}}David Friedman}}{{Third-party|date=January 2024}}
{{Other people||David Friedman (disambiguation){{!}}David Friedman}}
{{Independent sources|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox economist
{{Infobox economist
| name = David D. Friedman
| name = David D. Friedman
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| death_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_place =
| nationality = American
| nationality =  
| spouse =  Elizabeth Cook
| spouse =  Elizabeth Cook
| children = [[Patri Friedman]]
| children = [[Patri Friedman]]
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| repec_prefix =e | repec_id = pfr16
| repec_prefix =e | repec_id = pfr16
| module = {{Listen |embed= yes |filename= Dr_David_D_Friedman_Socialism_Vs_Capitalism.ogg |title= Friedman's voice |type= speech |description= On [[capitalism]] vs. [[socialism]] }}
| module = {{Listen |embed= yes |filename= Dr_David_D_Friedman_Socialism_Vs_Capitalism.ogg |title= Friedman's voice |type= speech |description= On [[capitalism]] vs. [[socialism]] }}
|website=[http://www.daviddfriedman.com/ Official website]|education=[[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) <br> [[University of Chicago]] ([[M. A.|MA]], [[PhD]])
|website=[http://www.daviddfriedman.com/ Official website]|education=[[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) <br> [[University of Chicago]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[PhD]])
| image_caption=Friedman in 2016
| image_caption=Friedman in 2016
}}
|father=[[Milton Friedman]]|mother=[[Rose Friedman]]}}
{{Chicago School (economics)}}
{{Chicago School (economics)}}
{{Libertarianism US}}
{{Libertarianism US}}
'''David Director Friedman''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|r|iː|d|m|ən}}; born February 12, 1945) is an American [[economist]], [[physicist]], and legal scholar. Although his academic training was in  chemistry and physics and not law or economics, he is known for his textbook writings on [[microeconomics]] and the [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] theory of anarcho-capitalism, which is the subject of his most popular book, ''[[The Machinery of Freedom]]''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Caplan|first=Bryan |author-link=Bryan Caplan |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title=Friedman, David (1945– ) |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC  |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n117 |year=2008 |publisher= [[SAGE Publishing|Sage]]; [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, CA  |isbn= 978-1412965804 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=194–195 |chapter=Friedman, David (1945–) |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Described by [[Walter Block]] as a "free-market anarchist" theorist,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Block |first=Walter E. |date=2011 |title=David Friedman and Libertarianism: A Critique |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/libpa3&div=71&id=&page= |journal=[[Libertarian Papers]] |volume=35 |issue=3 |page=22}}</ref> Friedman has also authored several other books and articles, including ''Price Theory: An Intermediate Text'' (1986), ''Law's Order: What Economics Has to Do with Law and Why It Matters'' (2000), ''Hidden Order: The Economics of Everyday Life'' (1996), and ''Future Imperfect'' (2008).<ref>Free Market Mojo. [http://freemarketmojo.com/?p=5539 "An Interview with David D. Friedman"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122043412/http://freemarketmojo.com/?p=5539 |date=2010-11-22 }}.</ref>
'''David Director Friedman''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|r|iː|d|m|ən}}; born February 12, 1945) is an American economist, physicist, and legal scholar. He is known for his textbook writings on [[microeconomics]] and the [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] theory of [[anarcho-capitalism]], which is the subject of his most popular book, ''[[The Machinery of Freedom]]''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Caplan|first=Bryan |author-link=Bryan Caplan |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title=Friedman, David (1945– ) |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC  |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n117 |year=2008 |publisher= [[SAGE Publishing|Sage]]; [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, CA  |isbn= 978-1412965804 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=194–195 |chapter=Friedman, David (1945–) |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Described by [[Walter Block]] as a "free-market anarchist" theorist,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Block |first=Walter E. |date=2011 |title=David Friedman and Libertarianism: A Critique |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/libpa3&div=71&id=&page= |journal=[[Libertarian Papers]] |volume=35 |issue=3 |page=22}}</ref> Friedman has also authored several other books and articles, including ''Price Theory: An Intermediate Text'' (1986), ''Law's Order: What Economics Has to Do with Law and Why It Matters'' (2000), ''Hidden Order: The Economics of Everyday Life'' (1996), and ''Future Imperfect'' (2008).<ref>Free Market Mojo. [http://freemarketmojo.com/?p=5539 "An Interview with David D. Friedman"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122043412/http://freemarketmojo.com/?p=5539 |date=2010-11-22 }}.</ref>


==Life and work==
==Life and work==
David Friedman is the son of economists [[Rose Friedman|Rose]] and [[Milton Friedman]]. He graduated ''[[magna cum laude]]'' from [[Harvard University]] in 1965, with a bachelor's degree in chemistry and physics.<ref>[http://law.scu.edu/faculty/profile/friedman-david/ Faculty Profile: David Friedman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722163211/http://law.scu.edu/faculty/profile/friedman-david/ |date=2014-07-22 }}. Santa Clara Law School</ref> He later earned a master's (1967) and a [[PhD]] (1971) in theoretical physics from the [[University of Chicago]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Academic/Academic.html|title=My Academic Page|website=www.daviddfriedman.com}}</ref> Despite his later career, he never took a class for credit in either economics or law.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Athiparambath|first1=Shanu|title=Economist David Friedman Says India Must Go Taller To Make Homes Affordable|url=http://marketurbanism.com/2016/02/14/economist-david-friedman-says-india-must-go-taller-to-make-homes-affordable/|access-date=4 October 2016|work=Market Urbanism|date=14 February 2016}}</ref> He was a professor of law at [[Santa Clara University]] from 2005 to 2017,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phonebook.scu.edu/?v=pid&i=462|title=Santa Clara University|first=Santa Clara|last=University|website=phonebook.scu.edu}}</ref> and a contributing editor for ''[[Liberty (libertarian magazine)|Liberty]]'' magazine. He is currently a Professor [[Emeritus]]. He is an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>Friedman, David D. [http://daviddfriedman.blogspot.com/2008/01/atheism-and-religion.html "Atheism and Religion"], ''Ideas''.</ref> His son, [[Patri Friedman]], has also written about libertarian theory and market anarchism, particularly [[seasteading]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wainwright |first=Oliver |date=2020-06-24 |title=Seasteading – a vanity project for the rich or the future of humanity? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jun/24/seasteading-a-vanity-project-for-the-rich-or-the-future-of-humanity |access-date=2025-03-01 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
David Friedman is the son of economists [[Rose Friedman|Rose]] and [[Milton Friedman]]. He graduated ''[[magna cum laude]]'' from [[Harvard University]] in 1965, with a bachelor's degree in chemistry and physics.<ref>[http://law.scu.edu/faculty/profile/friedman-david/ Faculty Profile: David Friedman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722163211/http://law.scu.edu/faculty/profile/friedman-david/ |date=2014-07-22 }}. Santa Clara Law School</ref> He later earned a master's in 1967, and a [[PhD]] in 1971 in theoretical physics from the [[University of Chicago]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Academic/Academic.html|title=My Academic Page|website=www.daviddfriedman.com}}</ref> Despite his later career, he never took a class for credit in either economics or law.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Athiparambath|first1=Shanu|title=Economist David Friedman Says India Must Go Taller To Make Homes Affordable|url=http://marketurbanism.com/2016/02/14/economist-david-friedman-says-india-must-go-taller-to-make-homes-affordable/|access-date=4 October 2016|work=Market Urbanism|date=14 February 2016}}</ref> He was a professor of law at [[Santa Clara University]] from 2005 to 2017,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phonebook.scu.edu/?v=pid&i=462|title=Santa Clara University|first=Santa Clara|last=University|website=phonebook.scu.edu}}</ref> and a contributing editor for ''[[Liberty (libertarian magazine)|Liberty]]'' magazine. He is currently a professor [[emeritus]]. He is an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>Friedman, David D. [https://daviddfriedman.blogspot.com/2008/01/atheism-and-religion.html "Atheism and Religion"], ''Ideas''.</ref> His son, [[Patri Friedman]], has also written about libertarian theory and market anarchism, particularly [[seasteading]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wainwright |first=Oliver |date=2020-06-24 |title=Seasteading – a vanity project for the rich or the future of humanity? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jun/24/seasteading-a-vanity-project-for-the-rich-or-the-future-of-humanity |access-date=2025-03-01 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>


===''The Machinery of Freedom''===
===''The Machinery of Freedom''===
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Friedman is a longtime member of the [[Society for Creative Anachronism]], where he is known as ''Duke Cariadoc of the Bow''. He is known throughout the worldwide society for his articles on the philosophy of recreationism and practical historical recreations, especially those relating to the medieval [[Middle East]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Restructuring.html|title=Friedman, David D. "On Restructuring the SCA"}}</ref> His work is compiled in the popular ''Cariadoc's Miscellany''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cariadoc/miscellany.html|title=Cariadoc's Miscellany|website=www.pbm.com}}</ref> He is sometimes credited with founding the largest and longest-running SCA event, the [[Pennsic War]]; as king of the Middle Kingdom he challenged the East Kingdom, and later as king of the East accepted the challenge and lost (to himself).<ref>F.L. Watkins (Fólki Þorgilsson). 2005. ''Herstadr-Saga: An Incomplete History of Pennsic'' Urbana, Illinois: Folump Enterprises</ref>
Friedman is a longtime member of the [[Society for Creative Anachronism]], where he is known as ''Duke Cariadoc of the Bow''. He is known throughout the worldwide society for his articles on the philosophy of recreationism and practical historical recreations, especially those relating to the medieval [[Middle East]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Restructuring.html|title=Friedman, David D. "On Restructuring the SCA"}}</ref> His work is compiled in the popular ''Cariadoc's Miscellany''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cariadoc/miscellany.html|title=Cariadoc's Miscellany|website=www.pbm.com}}</ref> He is sometimes credited with founding the largest and longest-running SCA event, the [[Pennsic War]]; as king of the Middle Kingdom he challenged the East Kingdom, and later as king of the East accepted the challenge and lost (to himself).<ref>F.L. Watkins (Fólki Þorgilsson). 2005. ''Herstadr-Saga: An Incomplete History of Pennsic'' Urbana, Illinois: Folump Enterprises</ref>


He was a teenage [[wargame]]r who taught his school friend, [[Jack Radey]], founder of People's War Games, how to play such wargames as ''[[Tactics II]]''.<ref name="Homo Ludens">{{cite web |last1=Serval |first1=Fred |title=Jack Radey part 1 – The Origins of People's War Games |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGuMsL2dlpA | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/wGuMsL2dlpA| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|website=Homo Ludens |date=22 March 2020 |publisher=Fred Serval |access-date=11 May 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Radey relates how Friedman and himself wrote to [[Charles S. Roberts]] claiming that they had found a first turn winning strategy for each of the two sides. Roberts replied that their interpretation of the rules was valid.<ref name="Homo Ludens"/>{{BSN|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=January 2024}}
He was a teenage [[wargame]]r who taught his school friend, [[Jack Radey]], founder of People's War Games, how to play such wargames as ''[[Tactics II]]''.<ref name="Homo Ludens">{{cite web |last1=Serval |first1=Fred |title=Jack Radey part 1 – The Origins of People's War Games |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGuMsL2dlpA | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/wGuMsL2dlpA| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|website=Homo Ludens |date=22 March 2020 |publisher=Fred Serval |access-date=11 May 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Radey relates how Friedman and himself wrote to [[Charles S. Roberts]] claiming that they had found a first turn winning strategy for each of the two sides. Roberts replied that their interpretation of the rules was valid.<ref name="Homo Ludens"/>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=January 2024}}


He is a long-time [[science fiction fandom|science fiction fan]], and has written three novels. ''Harald'' ([[Baen Books]], 2006) is set in an invented world drawn from European history.<ref>{{cite web
He is a long-time [[science fiction fandom|science fiction fan]], and has written three novels. ''Harald'' ([[Baen Books]], 2006) is set in an invented world drawn from European history.<ref>{{cite web
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''Salamander'' (2011) and its sequel ''Brothers'' (2020) are [[fantasy]].
''Salamander'' (2011) and its sequel ''Brothers'' (2020) are [[fantasy]].


He has spoken in favor of a [[non-interventionist]] foreign policy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TO1xXD1Cws4| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/TO1xXD1Cws4| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Dr David Friedman on US Foreign Policy, Syria, Assad, Terrorism, WWII, Hitler, and much more...|last=VoluntaryVirtues0com|date=22 September 2013|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>{{Third-party inline|date=January 2024|reason=needed for context and [[WP:DUEWEIGHT]]}}
He has spoken in favor of a [[non-interventionist]] foreign policy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TO1xXD1Cws4| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/TO1xXD1Cws4| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Dr David Friedman on US Foreign Policy, Syria, Assad, Terrorism, WWII, Hitler, and much more...|last=VoluntaryVirtues0com|date=22 September 2013|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>{{Independent source inline|date=January 2024|reason=needed for context and [[WP:DUEWEIGHT]]}}


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
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* {{official website|http://www.daviddfriedman.com/}}
* {{official website|http://www.daviddfriedman.com/}}
* {{C-SPAN|44986}}
* {{C-SPAN|44986}}
* [https://law.scu.edu/faculty/profile/friedman-david/ Profile] on the website of Santa Clara University
* [https://law.scu.edu/faculty/profile/friedman-david/ Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220210231/http://law.scu.edu/faculty/profile/friedman-david/ |date=2017-02-20 }} on the website of Santa Clara University
* {{ISFDB name}}
* {{ISFDB name}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120128162753/http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/74535-1/David+Friedman.aspx ''Booknotes'' interview with Friedman on ''Hidden Order: The Economics of Everyday Life'', October 20, 1996.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120128162753/http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/74535-1/David+Friedman.aspx ''Booknotes'' interview with Friedman on ''Hidden Order: The Economics of Everyday Life'', October 20, 1996.]
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Latest revision as of 23:58, 12 May 2026

For other people with the same name, see David Friedman.

Template:Independent sources Template:Infobox economist Template:Chicago School (economics) Template:Libertarianism US David Director Friedman (/ˈfriːdmən/; born February 12, 1945) is an American economist, physicist, and legal scholar. He is known for his textbook writings on microeconomics and the libertarian theory of anarcho-capitalism, which is the subject of his most popular book, The Machinery of Freedom.[1] Described by Walter Block as a "free-market anarchist" theorist,[2] Friedman has also authored several other books and articles, including Price Theory: An Intermediate Text (1986), Law's Order: What Economics Has to Do with Law and Why It Matters (2000), Hidden Order: The Economics of Everyday Life (1996), and Future Imperfect (2008).[3]

Life and work

David Friedman is the son of economists Rose and Milton Friedman. He graduated magna cum laude from Harvard University in 1965, with a bachelor's degree in chemistry and physics.[4] He later earned a master's in 1967, and a PhD in 1971 in theoretical physics from the University of Chicago.[5] Despite his later career, he never took a class for credit in either economics or law.[6] He was a professor of law at Santa Clara University from 2005 to 2017,[7] and a contributing editor for Liberty magazine. He is currently a professor emeritus. He is an atheist.[8] His son, Patri Friedman, has also written about libertarian theory and market anarchism, particularly seasteading.[9]

The Machinery of Freedom

Main article: The Machinery of Freedom

In his book The Machinery of Freedom (1973), Friedman sketched a form of anarcho-capitalism where all goods and services including law itself can be produced by the free market. Friedman advocates an incrementalist approach to achieve anarcho-capitalism by gradual privatization of areas that government is involved in, ultimately privatizing the law itself. In the book, he states his opposition to violent anarcho-capitalist revolution.[10]

He advocates a consequentialist version of anarcho-capitalism, arguing for it on a cost–benefit analysis of state versus no state.[11][12] It is contrasted with the natural-rights approach as propounded most notably by economist and libertarian theorist Murray Rothbard.[citation needed]

Non-academic interests

Friedman is a longtime member of the Society for Creative Anachronism, where he is known as Duke Cariadoc of the Bow. He is known throughout the worldwide society for his articles on the philosophy of recreationism and practical historical recreations, especially those relating to the medieval Middle East.[13] His work is compiled in the popular Cariadoc's Miscellany.[14] He is sometimes credited with founding the largest and longest-running SCA event, the Pennsic War; as king of the Middle Kingdom he challenged the East Kingdom, and later as king of the East accepted the challenge and lost (to himself).[15]

He was a teenage wargamer who taught his school friend, Jack Radey, founder of People's War Games, how to play such wargames as Tactics II.[16] Radey relates how Friedman and himself wrote to Charles S. Roberts claiming that they had found a first turn winning strategy for each of the two sides. Roberts replied that their interpretation of the rules was valid.[16][better source needed]

He is a long-time science fiction fan, and has written three novels. Harald (Baen Books, 2006) is set in an invented world drawn from European history.[17] Salamander (2011) and its sequel Brothers (2020) are fantasy.

He has spoken in favor of a non-interventionist foreign policy.[18]Template:Independent source inline

Bibliography

Nonfiction

  • 1988. Cariadoc's Miscellany.
  • 1990 (2nd ed.; 1st ed.: 1986). Price Theory: An Intermediate Text. Southwestern Publishing.
  • 1996. Hidden Order: The Economics of Everyday Life. ISBN 0887308856.
  • 2000. Law's Order: What Economics Has to Do with Law and Why It Matters. Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 0691090092
  • 2005. "The Case for Privacy" in Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1405115483
  • 2008. Future Imperfect: Technology and Freedom in an Uncertain World. ISBN 0521877326
  • 2015 (3rd ed.; 2nd ed.: 1989; 1st ed.: 1973). The Machinery of Freedom. ISBN 978-1507785607
  • 2019. Legal Systems Very Different from Ours. ISBN 1793386722

Fiction

References

  1. ↑ Caplan, Bryan (2008). "Friedman, David (1945–)". In Hamowy, Ronald (ed.). Friedman, David (1945– ). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. pp. 194–195. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n117. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.
  2. ↑ Block, Walter E. (2011). "David Friedman and Libertarianism: A Critique". Libertarian Papers. 35 (3): 22.
  3. ↑ Free Market Mojo. "An Interview with David D. Friedman" Archived 2010-11-22 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ Faculty Profile: David Friedman Archived 2014-07-22 at the Wayback Machine. Santa Clara Law School
  5. ↑ "My Academic Page". www.daviddfriedman.com.
  6. ↑ Athiparambath, Shanu (14 February 2016). "Economist David Friedman Says India Must Go Taller To Make Homes Affordable". Market Urbanism. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  7. ↑ University, Santa Clara. "Santa Clara University". phonebook.scu.edu.
  8. ↑ Friedman, David D. "Atheism and Religion", Ideas.
  9. ↑ Wainwright, Oliver (2020-06-24). "Seasteading – a vanity project for the rich or the future of humanity?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
  10. ↑ Friedman, David D (1995). "Revolution Is the Hell of It". The Machinery of Freedom. Open Court. pp. 149–150. ISBN 0812690699.
  11. ↑ Morris, Christopher. 1992. An Essay on the Modern State. Cambridge University Press. p. 62.
  12. ↑ "The World From an Anarchist-Anachronist-Economist's View with Dr. David Friedman". The Wealth Standard. July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  13. ↑ "Friedman, David D. "On Restructuring the SCA"".
  14. ↑ "Cariadoc's Miscellany". www.pbm.com.
  15. ↑ F.L. Watkins (Fólki Þorgilsson). 2005. Herstadr-Saga: An Incomplete History of Pennsic Urbana, Illinois: Folump Enterprises
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Serval, Fred (22 March 2020). "Jack Radey part 1 – The Origins of People's War Games". Homo Ludens. Fred Serval. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  17. ↑ Freidman, David (2020-03-17). "Harald - Background Information".
  18. ↑ VoluntaryVirtues0com (22 September 2013). "Dr David Friedman on US Foreign Policy, Syria, Assad, Terrorism, WWII, Hitler, and much more..." Archived from the original on 2021-12-11 – via YouTube.

Template:Anarcho-capitalism Template:Libertarianism

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