December 21: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 18:33, 18 May 2026

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Events

Pre-1600

AD 69 – The Roman Senate declares Vespasian emperor of Rome, the last in the Year of the Four Emperors.^[1]
1124 – Pope Honorius II is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning of Pope-Elect Celestine II.^[2]
1140 – After a siege of several weeks, the city of Weinsberg and its castle surrender to Conrad III of Germany.^[3]
1237 – The city of Ryazan is sacked by the Mongol army of Batu Khan.^[4]
1361 – The Battle of Linuesa is fought in the context of the Spanish Reconquista between the forces of the Emirate of Granada and the combined army of the Kingdom of Castile and of Jaén resulting in a Castilian victory.
1598 – Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on Spanish troops in southern Chile.^[5]

1601–1900

1620 – Plymouth Colony: William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land near what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
1826 – American settlers in Nacogdoches, Mexican Texas, declare their independence, starting the Fredonian Rebellion.
1832 – Egyptian–Ottoman War: Egyptian forces decisively defeat Ottoman troops at the Battle of Konya.
1844 – The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale, England, starting the Cooperative movement.
1861 – Medal of Honor: Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln.
1872 – Challenger expedition: HMS Challenger, commanded by Captain George Nares, sails from Portsmouth, England.
1879 – the fictional character of Nora Helmer is first portrayed by Betty Hennings at a showing of A Doll's House at the Royal Danish Theatre.^[6]
1883 – The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment, the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army, are formed.

1901–present

1907 – The Chilean Army commits a massacre of at least 2,000 striking saltpeter miners in Iquique, Chile.^[7]
1910 – An underground explosion at the Hulton Bank Colliery No. 3 Pit in Over Hulton, Westhoughton, England, kills 344 miners.
1919 – American anarchist Emma Goldman is deported to Russia.
1923 – United Kingdom and Nepal formally sign an agreement of friendship, called the Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923, which superseded the Treaty of Sugauli signed in 1816.
1934 – Lieutenant Kijé, one of Sergei Prokofiev's best-known works, premiered.^[8]
1941 – World War II: A Thai-Japanese Pact of Alliance is signed.
1946 – An 8.1 M_w earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Nankaidō, Japan, kills over 1,300 people and destroys over 38,000 homes.
1963 – "Bloody Christmas" begins in Cyprus, ultimately resulting in the displacement of 25,000–30,000 Turkish Cypriots and destruction of more than 100 villages.
1965 – International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is adopted.
1967 – Louis Washkansky, the first man to undergo a human-to-human heart transplant, dies in Cape Town, South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant.
1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 8 is launched from the Kennedy Space Center, placing its crew on a lunar trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.
1973 – The Geneva Conference on the Arab–Israeli conflict opens.
1979 – Lancaster House Agreement: An independence agreement for Rhodesia is signed in London by Lord Carrington, Sir Ian Gilmour, Robert Mugabe, Joshua Nkomo, Bishop Abel Muzorewa and S.C. Mundawarara.
1988 – A bomb explodes on board Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, killing 270.^[9] This is to date the deadliest air disaster to occur on British soil.
1991 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The leaders of 11 now effectively autonomous Soviet republics sign the Alma-Ata Protocol establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States in place of the collapsing Soviet Union.^[10]
1992 – A Dutch DC-10, flight Martinair MP 495, crashes at Faro Airport, Portugal, killing 56.
1995 – The city of Bethlehem passes from Israeli to Palestinian control.
1999 – The Spanish Civil Guard intercepts a van loaded with 950 kg of explosives that ETA intended to use to blow up Torre Picasso in Madrid, Spain.
1999 – Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216 overshoots the runway at La Aurora International Airport, killing 18.^[11]
2004 – Iraq War: A suicide bomber kills 22 at the forward operating base next to the main U.S. military airfield at Mosul, Iraq, the single deadliest suicide attack on American soldiers in Iraq.
2012 – 2012 phenomenon: Festivities are held in parts of Mesoamerica to commemorate the conclusion of b'ak'tun 13, a roughly 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar whose passing many New Age spiritualists had earlier held to portend a variety of cataclysmic or transformative events.^[12]
2020 – A great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn occurs, with the two planets separated in the sky by 0.1 degrees. This is the closest conjunction between the two planets since 1623.^[13]
2023 – Fourteen people are killed and 25 others injured during a mass shooting at Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.^[14]

Births

Pre-1600

968 – Minamoto no Yorinobu, Japanese samurai (died 1048)
1401 – Masaccio, Italian painter (died 1428)^[15]
1468 – William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers, English baron (died 1524)
1505 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (died 1550)^[16]
1538 – Luigi d'Este, Catholic cardinal (died 1586)
1542 – Thomas Allen, English mathematician and astrologer (died 1632)
1550 – Man Singh I, Mughal noble (died 1614)^[17]
1596 – Peter Mohyla, Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan and saint (died 1646)

1601–1900

1603 – Roger Williams, English minister, theologian, and politician, 9th President of the Colony of Rhode Island (died 1684)
1615 – Benedict Arnold, Rhode Island colonial governor (died 1678)^[18]
1672 – Benjamin Schmolck, German pastor and composer (died 1737)
1714 – John Bradstreet, Canadian-English general (died 1774)
1728 – Hermann Raupach, German harpsichord player and composer (died 1778)
1778 – Anders Sandøe Ørsted, Danish jurist and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Denmark (died 1860)
1795 – Jack Russell, English priest, hunter, and dog breeder (died 1883)
1795 – Leopold von Ranke, German historian, author, and academic (died 1886)^[19]
1803 – Achille Vianelli, Italian painter and academic (died 1894)
1804 – Benjamin Disraeli, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1881)^[20]
1805 – Thomas Graham, Scottish chemist and academic (died 1869)
1811 – Archibald Tait, Scottish-English archbishop (died 1882)
1815 – Thomas Couture, French painter and educator (died 1879)
1820 – William H. Osborn, American businessman (died 1894)
1830 – Bartolomé Masó, Cuban soldier and politician (died 1907)
1832 – John H. Ketcham, American general and politician (died 1906)
1840 – Ernest de Munck, Belgian cellist and composer^[21] (died 1915)^[22]
1840 – Namık Kemal, Turkish journalist, playwright, and activist (died 1888)
1843 – Thomas Bracken, Irish-New Zealander journalist, poet, and politician (died 1898)
1850 – Zdeněk Fibich, Czech composer and poet (died 1900)
1851 – Thomas Chipman McRae, American lawyer and politician, 26th Governor of Arkansas (died 1929)
1857 – Joseph Carruthers, Australian politician, 16th Premier of New South Wales (died 1932)
1859 – Gustave Kahn, French poet and critic (died 1936)
1866 – Maud Gonne, Irish nationalist and political activist (died 1953)^[23]
1868 – George W. Fuller, American chemist and engineer (died 1934)
1872 – Trevor Kincaid, Canadian-American zoologist and academic (died 1970)
1872 – Lorenzo Perosi, Italian priest and composer (died 1956)
1872 – Albert Payson Terhune, American journalist and author (died 1942)
1876 – Jack Lang, Australian lawyer and politician, 23rd Premier of New South Wales (died 1975)
1877 – Jaan Sarv, Estonian mathematician and scholar (died 1954)
1878 – Jan Łukasiewicz, Polish-Irish mathematician and philosopher (died 1956)
1884 – María Cadilla, Puerto Rican writer, educator, women's rights activist (died 1951)^[24]
1885 – Frank Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 1960)
1888 – Jean Bouin, French runner and rugby player (died 1914)
1889 – Sewall Wright, American geneticist and biologist (died 1988)
1890 – Hermann Joseph Muller, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1967)
1891 – John William McCormack, American lawyer and politician, 53rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (died 1980)
1892 – Walter Hagen, American golfer (died 1969)
1892 – Rebecca West, English journalist and author (died 1983)
1896 – Konstantin Rokossovsky, Marshal of the Soviet Union during World War II (died 1968)
1900 – Luis Arturo González López, Guatemalan supreme court judge and briefly acting president (died 1965)

1901–present

1905 – Käte Fenchel, German mathematician (died 1983)^[25]
1905 – Anthony Powell, English author (died 2000)^[26]
1909 – Seichō Matsumoto, Japanese journalist and author (died 1992)
1911 – Josh Gibson, American baseball player (died 1947)^[27]
1913 – Arnold Friberg, American illustrator and painter (died 2010)
1914 – Frank Fenner, Australian microbiologist and virologist (died 2010)
1917 – Heinrich Böll, German novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1985)
1918 – Donald Regan, American colonel and politician, 11th White House Chief of Staff (died 2003)
1918 – Kurt Waldheim, Austrian colonel and politician; 9th President of Austria (died 2007)^[28]
1919 – Doug Young, American voice actor (died 2018)
1920 – Alicia Alonso, Cuban ballerina and choreographer, founded the Cuban National Ballet (died 2019)
1920 – Adele Goldstine, American computer programmer (died 1964)^[29]
1920 – Iris Cummings, American swimmer and aviator (died 2025)^[30]
1922 – Itubwa Amram, Nauruan pastor and politician (died 1989)
1922 – Cécile DeWitt-Morette, French mathematician and physicist (died 2017)^[31]
1922 – Paul Winchell, American actor, voice artist, and ventriloquist (died 2005)
1923 – Wat Misaka, American basketball player (died 2019)^[32]
1926 – Arnošt Lustig, Czech author and playwright (died 2011)
1926 – Joe Paterno, American football player and coach (died 2012)^[27]
1927 – Charles Bailleul, French linguist and missionary (died 2026)^[33]
1930 – Phil Roman, American animator^[34]
1932 – U. R. Ananthamurthy, Indian author, poet, and critic (died 2014)
1932 – Edward Hoagland, American author and critic
1933 – Jackie Hendriks, Jamaican cricketer
1933 – Robert Worcester, American businessman and academic, founded MORI (died 2025)^[35]
1934 – Giuseppina Leone, Italian sprinter
1934 – Hanif Mohammad, Pakistani cricketer (died 2016)
1935 – John G. Avildsen, American director, producer, and cinematographer (died 2017)
1935 – Lorenzo Bandini, Italian racing driver (died 1967)
1935 – Phil Donahue, American talk show host and producer^[36] (died 2024)^[37]
1935 – Stela Popescu, Romanian actress (died 2017)
1935 – Edward Schreyer, Canadian academic and politician, Governor General of Canada^[38]
1935 – Janet Metcalf, American politician (died 2025)^[39]
1937 – Jane Fonda, American actress and activist^[40]
1938 – Larry Bryggman, American actor^[36]
1939 – Lloyd Axworthy, Canadian academic and politician, 2nd Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs
1939 – Wafic Saïd, Syrian-Saudi Arabian financier, businessman and philanthropist
1940 – Frank Zappa, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, composer and producer (died 1993)^[27]
1942 – Hu Jintao, Chinese engineer and politician, 5th Paramount leader of China^[27]
1942 – Carla Thomas, American singer^[36]
1943 – Albert Lee, English guitarist and songwriter^[36]
1943 – Walter Spanghero, French rugby player
1944 – Michael Tilson Thomas, American pianist, composer, and conductor (died 2026)
1944 – Zheng Xiaoyu, Chinese diplomat (died 2007)
1945 – Doug Walters, Australian cricketer
1946 – Roy Karch, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1946 – Carl Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1998)^[27]
1947 – Paco de Lucía, Spanish guitarist, songwriter, and producer (died 2014)
1948 – Barry Gordon, American actor and voice artist; longest-serving president of the Screen Actors Guild (1988–95)
1948 – Samuel L. Jackson, American actor and producer^[36]
1948 – Dave Kingman, American baseball player
1949 – Thomas Sankara, Burkinabé captain and politician, 5th President of Burkina Faso (died 1987)
1949 – Nikolaos Sifounakis, Greek lawyer and politician
1950 – Jeffrey Katzenberg, American screenwriter and producer, co-founded DreamWorks Animation^[27]
1950 – Max Maven, American magician and mentalist (died 2022)
1950 – Lillebjørn Nilsen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2024)
1951 – Steve Perryman, English footballer and manager
1952 – Joaquín Andújar, Dominican baseball player (died 2015)
1952 – Dennis Boutsikaris, American actor^[36]
1952 – Steve Furniss, American swimmer
1953 – András Schiff, Hungarian-English pianist and conductor
1953 – Betty Wright, American singer-songwriter (died 2020)^[41]
1954 – Chris Evert, American tennis player and coach^[42]
1955 – Jane Kaczmarek, American actress^[36]
1955 – Kazuyuki Sekiguchi, Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player
1956 – Dave Laut, American shot putter (died 2009)
1957 – Ray Romano, American actor, producer, and screenwriter^[36]
1957 – Tony Lewis, English singer and songwriter (died 2020)^[43]
1958 – Tamara Bykova, Russian high jumper
1959 – Florence Griffith Joyner, American sprinter and actress (died 1998)^[27]
1959 – Krishnamachari Srikkanth, Indian cricketer
1960 – Sherry Rehman, Pakistani journalist, politician, and diplomat, 25th Pakistan Ambassador to the United States
1961 – Ryuji Sasai, Japanese bass player and composer
1963 – Govinda, Indian actor, singer, and politician
1964 – Kunihiko Ikuhara, Japanese director and illustrator
1964 – Joe Kocur, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1965 – Glenn Coleman, Australian rugby league player
1965 – Andy Dick, American actor and comedian^[44]
1965 – Anke Engelke, Canadian-German actress, director, and screenwriter
1966 – Michelle Hurd, American actress^[36]
1966 – William Ruto, 5th President of Kenya^[27]
1966 – Kiefer Sutherland, British-Canadian actor, director, and producer^[45]
1967 – Terry Mills, American basketball player and coach
1967 – Mikheil Saakashvili, Georgian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Georgia^[46]
1969 – Julie Delpy, French model, actress, director, and screenwriter^[36]
1969 – Mihails Zemļinskis, Latvian footballer, coach, and manager
1971 – Matthieu Chedid, French singer-songwriter and guitarist
1971 – Natalie Grant, American singer-songwriter and author^[36]
1972 – Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy, Indian politician, 17th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
1973 – Irakli Alasania, Georgian colonel and politician, Georgian Minister of Defense
1973 – Matías Almeyda, Argentine footballer and manager
1974 – Karrie Webb, Australian golfer
1975 – Paloma Herrera, Argentine ballerina
1977 – Buddy Carlyle, American baseball player^[47]
1977 – Corey Collymore, Barbadian cricketer^[48]
1977 – Leon MacDonald, New Zealand rugby player
1977 – Emmanuel Macron, French politician, 25th President of France^[49]
1977 – Freddy Sanchez, American baseball player^[50]
1978 – Emiliano Brembilla, Italian swimmer
1978 – Charles Dera, American pornographic actor, dancer, model, and mixed martial arts fighter
1978 – Shaun Morgan, South African musician, singer, and guitarist
1978 – Rutina Wesley, American actress^[36]
1979 – Steve Montador, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2015)
1981 – Marta Fernández, Spanish basketball player^[51]
1981 – Cristian Zaccardo, Italian footballer
1982 – Primo Colón, Puerto Rican wrestler^[52]
1982 – Philip Humber, American baseball player
1982 – Tom Payne, English actor^[27]
1983 – Taylor Teagarden, American baseball player^[53]
1983 – Steven Yeun, American actor^[36]
1985 – Tom Sturridge, English actor
1987 – Khris Davis, American baseball player^[54]
1988 – Danny Duffy, American baseball player^[55]
1988 – Perri Shakes-Drayton, English sprinter and hurdler
1989 – Mark Ingram II, American football player^[56]
1989 – Tamannaah, Indian actress
1991 – Nic Maddinson, Australian cricketer^[57]
1991 – Otis, American wrestler^[58]
1991 – Riccardo Saponara, Italian footballer
1992 – Ha Ha Clinton-Dix, American football player^[59]
1992 – Jamie Oleksiak, Canadian ice hockey player^[60]
1994 – Luke Brooks, Australian rugby league player^[61]
1996 – Ben Chilwell, English footballer^[62]
1996 – Kaitlyn Dever, American actress^[36]
1997 – Madelyn Cline, American actress and model^[27]
1997 – Charlie McAvoy, American ice hockey player^[63]
2002 – Clara Tauson, Danish tennis player^[64]
2006 – Cooper Flagg, American basketball player^[65]

Deaths

Pre-1600

AD 72 – Thomas the Apostle, Roman martyr and saint (born 1 AD)
882 – Hincmar, French archbishop and historian (born 806)
956 – Sun Sheng, Chinese chancellor
975 – Al-Mu'izz, Fatimid caliph (born 932)
1001 – Hugh of Tuscany, Italian margrave (born 950)
1215 – Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid, Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq of Tayyibi Isma'ilism (born c. 1128)^[66]
1308 – Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (born 1244)
1338 – Thomas Hemenhale, bishop of Worcester
1362 – Constantine III, king of Armenia (born 1313)
1375 – Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian author and poet (born 1313)
1504 – Berthold von Henneberg, German archbishop (born 1442)
1536 – John Seymour, English courtier (born 1474)
1549 – Marguerite de Navarre, queen of Henry II of Navarre (born 1492)
1581 – Jean de la Cassière, 51st Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (born 1502)
1597 – Peter Canisius, Dutch priest and saint (born 1521)

1601–1900

1608 – William Davison, secretary to Queen Elizabeth I of England (born c. 1541)
1610 – Catherine Vasa, Swedish princess (born 1539)
1646 – Sophie Axelsdatter Brahe, Danish noblewoman (born 1578)^[67]
1701 – Sir Hugh Paterson, Baronet of Bannockburn (born 1659)
1807 – John Newton, English soldier and minister (born 1725)
1824 – James Parkinson, English physician and paleontologist (born 1755)
1869 – Friedrich Ernst Scheller, German jurist and politician (born 1791)
1873 – Francis Garnier, French admiral and explorer (born 1839)
1889 – Friedrich August von Quenstedt, German geologist and palaeontologist (born 1809)

1901–present

1920 – Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, leader of the Dervish movement (born 1856)
1929 – I. L. Patterson, American politician, 18th Governor of Oregon (born 1859)
1933 – Knud Rasmussen, Greenlandic anthropologist and explorer (born 1879)
1935 – Ted Birnie, English footballer and manager (born 1878)
1935 – Kurt Tucholsky, German-Swedish journalist and author (born 1890)
1937 – Violette Neatley Anderson, American judge (born 1882)^[68]
1937 – Ted Healy, American comedian and actor (born 1896)
1937 – Frank B. Kellogg, American lawyer and politician, 45th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1856)
1940 – F. Scott Fitzgerald, American novelist and short story writer (born 1896)
1945 – George S. Patton, American general (born 1885)
1948 – Władysław Witwicki, Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (born 1878)^[69]
1952 – Kenneth Edwards, American golfer (born 1886)
1953 – Kaarlo Koskelo, Finnish-American wrestler and businessman (born 1888)
1957 – Eric Coates, English viola player and composer (born 1886)
1958 – H.B. Warner, English actor (born 1875)
1958 – Lion Feuchtwanger, German-American author and playwright (born 1884)
1959 – Rosanjin, Japanese calligrapher, engraver, and painter (born 1883)
1963 – Jack Hobbs, English cricketer and journalist (born 1882)
1964 – Carl Van Vechten, American author and photographer (born 1880)^[70]
1965 – Claude Champagne, Canadian violinist, pianist, and composer (born 1891)
1968 – Vittorio Pozzo, Italian footballer, coach, and manager (born 1886)
1971 – Ásta Sigurðardóttir, Icelandic writer and visual artist (born 1930)^[71]
1974 – Richard Long, American actor and director (born 1927)
1982 – Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri, Pakistani poet and composer (born 1900)
1983 – Paul de Man, Belgian-born philosopher, literary critic and theorist (born 1919)
1988 – Nikolaas Tinbergen, Dutch-English ethologist and ornithologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1907)
1992 – Stella Adler, American actress and educator (born 1901)^[72]
1992 – Albert King, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1924)
1992 – Nathan Milstein, Russian-American violinist and composer (born 1903)
1998 – Ernst-Günther Schenck, German colonel and physician (born 1904)
2004 – Autar Singh Paintal, Indian physiologist and neurologist (born 1925)
2006 – Saparmyrat Nyýazow, Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st President of Turkmenistan (born 1940)^[73] (date death announced)
2009 – Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918)
2009 – Christos Lambrakis, Greek journalist and businessman (born 1934)
2010 – Enzo Bearzot, Italian footballer and manager (born 1927)
2013 – Edgar Bronfman Sr., Canadian-American businessman and philanthropist (born 1929)
2013 – John Eisenhower, American historian, general, and diplomat, 45th United States Ambassador to Belgium (born 1922)
2014 – Udo Jürgens, Austrian-Swiss singer-songwriter and pianist (born 1934)
2014 – Sitor Situmorang, Indonesian poet and author (born 1923)
2014 – Billie Whitelaw, English actress (born 1932)^[74]
2017 – Bruce McCandless II, US astronaut who conducted the first untethered spacewalk (born 1937)
2019 – Andrew Clennel Palmer, British engineer (born 1938)^[75]
2024 – Michelle Botes, South African actress (born 1962)^[76]
2024 – Art Evans, American actor (born 1942)^[77]

Holidays and observances

References

↑ Sandler, Stanley (2002). Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 923. ISBN 978-1-57607-344-5.
↑ Levillain, Philippe (2002). The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies. Psychology Press. p. 732. ISBN 978-0-415-92230-2.
↑ Toynbee, Paget Jackson (1910). Dante Alighieri: His Life and Works. London: Methuen. p. 2. ISBN 9780827438156. OCLC 8059335; Hüsken, Wim (2021). "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall... History in Late Medieval Drama From the Low Countries". In Happé, Peter; Hüsken, Wim N. M. (eds.). Staging History: Essays in Late Medieval and Humanist Drama. Leiden: Brill Rodopi. p. 148. ISBN 9789004449497.
↑ Rachewiltz, Igor de; Wang, May (1993). In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200–1300). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-447-03339-8.
↑ Prieto Pastén, Andrés I. (2021). "Empathy with the Mapuche: Rosales's Manifiesto apologético and Pineda y Bascuñán's Cautiverio feliz". In López-Calvo, Ignacio (ed.). A History of Chilean Literature. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–80. ISBN 9781108487375.
↑ "A Doll's House (1879)". Forside - Det humanistiske fakultet. 10 July 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2026.
↑ Hoehn, Marek (2007). "Una visión comparativa sobre la huelga de Santa María de Iquique y el legado de los movimientos obreros de la época". In Vásquez, David (ed.). La Masacre de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique: Mirada Histórica desde la Cámara de Diputados (in Spanish). Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. p. 110. ISBN 978-956-7629-04-6. Ya es sabido que dicha huelga culminó en la masacre de más de dos mil obreros en la escuela Santa María
↑ MacDonald, Laurence E. (2013). The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History. New York: The Scarecrow Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8108-8397-0.
↑ "Lockerbie bombing suspect in US custody". BBC News. 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
↑ Fedor, Helen (1995). Belarus and Moldova: Country Studies (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division. p. 195. ISBN 0844408492.
↑ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 F-GTDI Guatemala City-La Aurora Airport (GUA)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
↑ Alper, Alexandra (21 December 2012). "Celebrations in Mexico as world survives Maya "end of days"". Reuters. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
↑ "See the Great Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, 21 December 2020". BBC Sky at Night Magazine. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
↑ "A lone gunman opens fire in a Prague university, killing 15 people and injuring 24". AP News. 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
↑ Bruce Cole (1980). Masaccio and the art of early Renaissance Florence. Indiana University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-253-12298-8.
↑ Ann Hoffmann (1977). Lives of the Tudor Age, 1485–1603. Barnes & Noble Books. p. 476. ISBN 978-0-06-494331-4.
↑ Rajiva Nain Prasad (1966). Raja Mān Singh of Amber. World Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780842614733.
↑ The American Quarterly Register. The Society. 1841. p. 276.
↑ Andreas D Boldt (29 March 2019). Leopold Von Ranke: A Biography. Taylor & Francis. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-351-04272-7.
↑ Jonathan Parry (23 April 2007). Benjamin Disraeli. OUP Oxford. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-164751-2.
↑ Riemann, Hugo (1908). Dictionary of Music. Translated by Shedlock, J. S. (4th ed.). Augener & Co. p. 185.
↑ "Obituary: Chevalier Ernest de Munck". Musical News. 48. January 30, 1915. p. 96.
↑ Cardozo, Nancy (2000). Maud Gonne. New York: Amsterdam Books. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-9415-3395-9.
↑ Sicherman, Barbara; Hurd Green, Carol (1983). Notable American Women: The Modern Period. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-6746-2733-8.
↑ Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (1987). Women of Mathematics : a Biobibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-3132-4849-8.
↑ Buncombe, Andrew (28 March 2000). "Anthony Powell, chronicler of Time, dies at 94". The Independent. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
↑ ^27.00 ^27.01 ^27.02 ^27.03 ^27.04 ^27.05 ^27.06 ^27.07 ^27.08 ^27.09 "Famous birthdays for Dec. 21: Tom Payne, Jane Fonda". UPI. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ Kandell, Jonathan (14 June 2007). "Kurt Waldheim dies at 88; ex-UN chief hid Nazi past". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
↑ Henderson, Harry (2003). A to Z of Computer Scientists. New York: Facts on File. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-8160-4531-0.
↑ Langer, Emily (January 31, 2025). "Iris Cummings Critchell, pioneering aviator and Olympian, dies at 104". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
↑ Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). Encyclopedia of World Scientists. New York: Facts on File. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-8160-6158-7.
↑ Goldstein, Richard (November 21, 2019). "Wat Misaka, First Nonwhite in Modern Pro Basketball, Dies at 95". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2022-01-01. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
↑ Danaa Abobo, Vitus (10 February 2026). "Charles Bailleul R.I.P." White Fathers. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
↑ Renteria, Ramon (January 29, 1998). "Art creates a life-come-true". El Paso Times. p. 1D.
↑ Sir Bob Worcester obituary: influential pollster The Times
↑ ^36.00 ^36.01 ^36.02 ^36.03 ^36.04 ^36.05 ^36.06 ^36.07 ^36.08 ^36.09 ^36.10 ^36.11 ^36.12 ^36.13 Rose, Mike (21 December 2022). "Today's famous birthdays list for December 21, 2022 includes celebrities Jane Fonda, Samuel L. Jackson". The Plain Dealer. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Phil Donahue, talk show host pioneer and husband of Marlo Thomas, dies at 88". NBC News. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
↑ Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. Routledge. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-134-26490-2.
↑ Former Iowa Rep. Janet Metcalf, a longtime pro-choice Republican, dies at 89
↑ "Jane Fonda". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
↑ Fuster, Jeremy (May 10, 2020). "Betty Wright, Grammy-Winning R&B Singer, Dies at 66". The Wrap. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
↑ "Chris Evert | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
↑ "Forbes Magazine Interview". Tony Lewis. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
↑ "Turning 50 in 2015". CNN. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
↑ Maxine Block; Anna Herthe Rothe; Marjorie Dent Candee; Charles Moritz (2002). Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. p. 542.
↑ B. Turner (12 January 2017). The Statesman's Yearbook 2008: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Springer. p. 502. ISBN 978-1-349-74024-6.
↑ "Buddy Carlyle". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Corey Collymore". middlesexccc.com. Middlesex County Cricket Club.
↑ Sophie Pedder (21 June 2018). Revolution Française: Emmanuel Macron and the quest to reinvent a nation. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4729-4861-8.
↑ "Freddy Sanchez". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Marta Fernandez". WNBA. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Primo". ESPN. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Taylor Teagarden". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Khris Davis". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Danny Duffy". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Mark Ingram II". ESPN. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
↑ http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/333780.html ESPNcricinfo
↑ "Otis Dozovic". ESPN. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Ha Ha Clinton-Dix". ESPN. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Jamie Oleksiak". National Hockey League. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
↑ "Luke Brooks – Career Stats & Summary". Rugby League Project. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
↑ "Ben Chilwell". Premier League. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
↑ "Charlie McAvoy Stats And News". www.nhl.com. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
↑ "Clara Tauson | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
↑ Lopresti, Mike (December 19, 2024). "Cooper Flagg— the freshman phenom who only now can vote". NCAA.com. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
↑ Template:EI3
↑ "Sophie Axelsdatter Brahe". Gravsted (in Danish). Archived from the original on 17 May 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
↑ Smith, Jessie Carney; Phelps, Shirelle (1996). Notable Black American Women. VNR AG. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8103-9177-2.
↑ Nowicki, Andrzej (1982). Witwicki (in Polish). Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. p. 120. ISBN 83-214-0301-8.
↑ Vogel, Shane (2016). "Van Vechten, Carl (1880–1964)". Van Vechten, Carl (1880–1964). Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM130-1. ISBN 9781135000356.
↑ "Ásta Sigurðardóttir". www.litencyc.com. Archived from the original on 2025-09-06. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
↑ "Stella Adler | American actress | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
↑ "Turkmenistan's 'iron ruler' dies". BBC News. 21 December 2006. Archived from the original on 7 January 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2006.
↑ Coveney, Michael (22 December 2014). "Billie Whitelaw obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
↑ King, Roger Anthony (27 July 2022). "Andrew Clennel Palmer. 26 May 1938 – 21 December 2019". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 73: 379–393. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2022.0015. S2CID 251071307 Check |s2cid= value (help).
↑ Engelbrecht, Leandra (December 21, 2024). "Celebrated actor and Isidingo villain Michelle Botes has died". News24. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
↑ Minton, Matt (December 22, 2024). "Art Evans, 'Die Hard 2' and 'A Soldier's Story' Actor, Dies at 82". Variety. Retrieved December 27, 2024.

External links

Template:Months

[1] Sandler, Stanley (2002). Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 923. ISBN 978-1-57607-344-5.

[2] Levillain, Philippe (2002). The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies. Psychology Press. p. 732. ISBN 978-0-415-92230-2.

[3] Toynbee, Paget Jackson (1910). Dante Alighieri: His Life and Works. London: Methuen. p. 2. ISBN 9780827438156. OCLC 8059335; Hüsken, Wim (2021). "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall... History in Late Medieval Drama From the Low Countries". In Happé, Peter; Hüsken, Wim N. M. (eds.). Staging History: Essays in Late Medieval and Humanist Drama. Leiden: Brill Rodopi. p. 148. ISBN 9789004449497.

[4] Rachewiltz, Igor de; Wang, May (1993). In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200–1300). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-447-03339-8.

[5] Prieto Pastén, Andrés I. (2021). "Empathy with the Mapuche: Rosales's Manifiesto apologético and Pineda y Bascuñán's Cautiverio feliz". In López-Calvo, Ignacio (ed.). A History of Chilean Literature. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–80. ISBN 9781108487375.

[6] "A Doll's House (1879)". Forside - Det humanistiske fakultet. 10 July 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2026.

[7] Hoehn, Marek (2007). "Una visión comparativa sobre la huelga de Santa María de Iquique y el legado de los movimientos obreros de la época". In Vásquez, David (ed.). La Masacre de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique: Mirada Histórica desde la Cámara de Diputados (in Spanish). Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. p. 110. ISBN 978-956-7629-04-6. Ya es sabido que dicha huelga culminó en la masacre de más de dos mil obreros en la escuela Santa María

[8] MacDonald, Laurence E. (2013). The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History. New York: The Scarecrow Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8108-8397-0.

[9] "Lockerbie bombing suspect in US custody". BBC News. 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.

[10] Fedor, Helen (1995). Belarus and Moldova: Country Studies (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division. p. 195. ISBN 0844408492.

[11] Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 F-GTDI Guatemala City-La Aurora Airport (GUA)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-09-20.

[12] Alper, Alexandra (21 December 2012). "Celebrations in Mexico as world survives Maya "end of days"". Reuters. Retrieved 21 December 2023.

[13] "See the Great Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, 21 December 2020". BBC Sky at Night Magazine. Retrieved 2020-11-29.

[14] "A lone gunman opens fire in a Prague university, killing 15 people and injuring 24". AP News. 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.

[15] Bruce Cole (1980). Masaccio and the art of early Renaissance Florence. Indiana University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-253-12298-8.

[16] Ann Hoffmann (1977). Lives of the Tudor Age, 1485–1603. Barnes & Noble Books. p. 476. ISBN 978-0-06-494331-4.

[17] Rajiva Nain Prasad (1966). Raja Mān Singh of Amber. World Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780842614733.

[18] The American Quarterly Register. The Society. 1841. p. 276.

[19] Andreas D Boldt (29 March 2019). Leopold Von Ranke: A Biography. Taylor & Francis. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-351-04272-7.

[20] Jonathan Parry (23 April 2007). Benjamin Disraeli. OUP Oxford. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-164751-2.

[21] Riemann, Hugo (1908). Dictionary of Music. Translated by Shedlock, J. S. (4th ed.). Augener & Co. p. 185.

[22] "Obituary: Chevalier Ernest de Munck". Musical News. 48. January 30, 1915. p. 96.

[23] Cardozo, Nancy (2000). Maud Gonne. New York: Amsterdam Books. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-9415-3395-9.

[24] Sicherman, Barbara; Hurd Green, Carol (1983). Notable American Women: The Modern Period. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-6746-2733-8.

[25] Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (1987). Women of Mathematics : a Biobibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-3132-4849-8.

[26] Buncombe, Andrew (28 March 2000). "Anthony Powell, chronicler of Time, dies at 94". The Independent. Retrieved 2 November 2017.

[UPI-27] 27.00 ^27.01 ^27.02 ^27.03 ^27.04 ^27.05 ^27.06 ^27.07 ^27.08 ^27.09 "Famous birthdays for Dec. 21: Tom Payne, Jane Fonda". UPI. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[28] Kandell, Jonathan (14 June 2007). "Kurt Waldheim dies at 88; ex-UN chief hid Nazi past". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 October 2022.

[29] Henderson, Harry (2003). A to Z of Computer Scientists. New York: Facts on File. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-8160-4531-0.

[30] Langer, Emily (January 31, 2025). "Iris Cummings Critchell, pioneering aviator and Olympian, dies at 104". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[31] Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). Encyclopedia of World Scientists. New York: Facts on File. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-8160-6158-7.

[goldstein-32] Goldstein, Richard (November 21, 2019). "Wat Misaka, First Nonwhite in Modern Pro Basketball, Dies at 95". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2022-01-01. Retrieved November 22, 2019.

[33] Danaa Abobo, Vitus (10 February 2026). "Charles Bailleul R.I.P." White Fathers. Retrieved 11 February 2026.

[el-paso-34] Renteria, Ramon (January 29, 1998). "Art creates a life-come-true". El Paso Times. p. 1D.

[35] Sir Bob Worcester obituary: influential pollster The Times

[AP-36] 36.00 ^36.01 ^36.02 ^36.03 ^36.04 ^36.05 ^36.06 ^36.07 ^36.08 ^36.09 ^36.10 ^36.11 ^36.12 ^36.13 Rose, Mike (21 December 2022). "Today's famous birthdays list for December 21, 2022 includes celebrities Jane Fonda, Samuel L. Jackson". The Plain Dealer. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[37] "Phil Donahue, talk show host pioneer and husband of Marlo Thomas, dies at 88". NBC News. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2024-08-19.

[38] Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. Routledge. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-134-26490-2.

[39] Former Iowa Rep. Janet Metcalf, a longtime pro-choice Republican, dies at 89

[40] "Jane Fonda". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2021.

[41] Fuster, Jeremy (May 10, 2020). "Betty Wright, Grammy-Winning R&B Singer, Dies at 66". The Wrap. Retrieved May 10, 2020.

[42] "Chris Evert | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-22.

[43] "Forbes Magazine Interview". Tony Lewis. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2019.

[44] "Turning 50 in 2015". CNN. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2022.

[45] Maxine Block; Anna Herthe Rothe; Marjorie Dent Candee; Charles Moritz (2002). Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. p. 542.

[46] B. Turner (12 January 2017). The Statesman's Yearbook 2008: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Springer. p. 502. ISBN 978-1-349-74024-6.

[47] "Buddy Carlyle". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[48] "Corey Collymore". middlesexccc.com. Middlesex County Cricket Club.

[49] Sophie Pedder (21 June 2018). Revolution Française: Emmanuel Macron and the quest to reinvent a nation. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4729-4861-8.

[50] "Freddy Sanchez". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[51] "Marta Fernandez". WNBA. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[52] "Primo". ESPN. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[53] "Taylor Teagarden". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[54] "Khris Davis". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[55] "Danny Duffy". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[56] "Mark Ingram II". ESPN. Retrieved 14 December 2022.

[57] ttp://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/333780.html ESPNcricinfo

[58] "Otis Dozovic". ESPN. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[59] "Ha Ha Clinton-Dix". ESPN. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[60] "Jamie Oleksiak". National Hockey League. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

[61] "Luke Brooks – Career Stats & Summary". Rugby League Project. Retrieved 2016-03-14.

[62] "Ben Chilwell". Premier League. Retrieved 21 December 2024.

[63] "Charlie McAvoy Stats And News". www.nhl.com. Retrieved 2023-10-14.

[64] "Clara Tauson | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-17.

[65] Lopresti, Mike (December 19, 2024). "Cooper Flagg— the freshman phenom who only now can vote". NCAA.com. Retrieved December 20, 2024.

[66] Template:EI3

[67] "Sophie Axelsdatter Brahe". Gravsted (in Danish). Archived from the original on 17 May 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025.

[68] Smith, Jessie Carney; Phelps, Shirelle (1996). Notable Black American Women. VNR AG. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8103-9177-2.

[69] Nowicki, Andrzej (1982). Witwicki (in Polish). Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. p. 120. ISBN 83-214-0301-8.

[70] Vogel, Shane (2016). "Van Vechten, Carl (1880–1964)". Van Vechten, Carl (1880–1964). Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM130-1. ISBN 9781135000356.

[71] "Ásta Sigurðardóttir". www.litencyc.com. Archived from the original on 2025-09-06. Retrieved 2025-11-04.

[72] "Stella Adler | American actress | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 10 February 2023.

[73] "Turkmenistan's 'iron ruler' dies". BBC News. 21 December 2006. Archived from the original on 7 January 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2006.

[74] Coveney, Michael (22 December 2014). "Billie Whitelaw obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 June 2020.

[75] King, Roger Anthony (27 July 2022). "Andrew Clennel Palmer. 26 May 1938 – 21 December 2019". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 73: 379–393. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2022.0015. S2CID 251071307 Check |s2cid= value (help).

[76] Engelbrecht, Leandra (December 21, 2024). "Celebrated actor and Isidingo villain Michelle Botes has died". News24. Retrieved January 5, 2025.

[77] Minton, Matt (December 22, 2024). "Art Evans, 'Die Hard 2' and 'A Soldier's Story' Actor, Dies at 82". Variety. Retrieved December 27, 2024.

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ===Pre-1600===
 *[[AD 69]] &ndash; The [[Roman Senate]] declares [[Vespasian]] [[Roman emperor|emperor of Rome]], the last in the [[Year of the Four Emperors]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Stanley|last=Sandler|title=Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&pg=PA923|year=2002|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-344-5|page=923}}</ref>
-*[[1124]] &ndash; [[Pope Honorius II]] is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning of Pope Celestine II.<ref>{{cite book|first=Philippe|last=Levillain|title=The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VDcmDeLuV4C&pg=PA732|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-92230-2|page=732}}</ref>
+*[[1124]] &ndash; [[Pope Honorius II]] is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning of [[Pope-elect Celestine II|Pope-Elect  Celestine II]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Philippe|last=Levillain|title=The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VDcmDeLuV4C&pg=PA732|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-92230-2|page=732}}</ref>
 *[[1140]] &ndash; After a [[Siege of Weinsberg|siege of several weeks]], the city of Weinsberg and its castle surrender to [[Conrad III of Germany]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Toynbee|first=Paget Jackson|title=Dante Alighieri: His Life and Works|location=London|publisher=Methuen|date=1910|oclc=8059335|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_15dAAAAMAAJ|page=2|isbn=9780827438156|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Hüsken|first=Wim|chapter=Mirror, Mirror on the Wall... History in Late Medieval Drama From the Low Countries|title=Staging History: Essays in Late Medieval and Humanist Drama|editor-last1=Happé|editor-first1=Peter|editor-last2=Hüsken|editor-first2=Wim N. M.|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill Rodopi|date=2021|isbn=9789004449497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YrscEAAAQBAJ|page=148}}</ref>
 *[[1237]] &ndash; The city of [[Ryazan]] is [[Siege of Ryazan|sacked]] by the [[Mongols|Mongol]] army of [[Batu Khan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rachewiltz |first1=Igor de |last2=Wang |first2=May |title=In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200–1300) |date=1993 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03339-8 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kG45gi7E3hsC&pg=PA23 |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 *[[1861]] &ndash; [[Medal of Honor]]: Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by [[President of the United States|President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]].
 *[[1872]] &ndash; [[Challenger expedition]]: {{HMS|Challenger|1858|6}}, commanded by Captain [[George Nares]], sails from [[Portsmouth|Portsmouth, England]].
-*[[1879]] &ndash; World premiere of [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s ''[[A Doll's House]]'' at the [[Royal Danish Theatre|Royal Theatre]] in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark.
+* [[1879]] &ndash; the fictional character of [[Nora Helmer]] is first portrayed by [[Betty Hennings]] at a showing of ''[[A Doll's House]]'' at the [[Royal Danish Theatre]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Doll's House (1879) |website=Forside - Det humanistiske fakultet |date=10 July 2023 |url=https://www.hf.uio.no/is/english/services/virtual-ibsen-centre/on-ibsen-s-work/du/ |access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref>
 *[[1883]] &ndash; [[The Royal Canadian Dragoons]] and [[The Royal Canadian Regiment]], the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the [[Canadian Army]], are formed.
-*[[1891]] &ndash; [[James Naismith]], a Canadian-American gym teacher at [[Springfield College]], publishes the first rules for the game now known as [[basketball]] and brings it to his class, which then plays the first game of basketball.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Griffiths |first=Sian |date=20 September 2019 |title=The Canadian who invented basketball |work=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-11348053 |access-date=21 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Naismith |first=James|author-link=James Naismith|title=Basketball: Its Origin and Development |publisher=Association Press |year=1941 |location=New York City |pages=53–59}}</ref>
 ===1901–present===
-*[[1907]] &ndash; The [[Chilean Army]] [[Santa María School massacre|commits a massacre]] of at least 2,000 striking [[Sodium nitrate|saltpeter]] miners in [[Iquique]], [[Chile]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=La Masacre de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique: Mirada Histórica desde la Cámara de Diputados|last=Hoehn|first=Marek|publisher=Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile|year=2007|isbn=978-956-7629-04-6|page=110|editor-last=Vásquez|editor-first=David|language=es|chapter=Una visión comparativa sobre la huelga de Santa María de Iquique y el legado de los movimientos obreros de la época|quote=Ya es sabido que dicha huelga culminó en la masacre de más de dos mil obreros en la escuela Santa María}}</ref>
+*[[1907]] &ndash; The [[Chilean Army]] [[Santa María School massacre|commits a massacre]] of at least 2,000 striking [[Sodium nitrate|saltpeter]] miners in [[Iquique]], Chile.<ref>{{Cite book|title=La Masacre de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique: Mirada Histórica desde la Cámara de Diputados|last=Hoehn|first=Marek|publisher=Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile|year=2007|isbn=978-956-7629-04-6|page=110|editor-last=Vásquez|editor-first=David|language=es|chapter=Una visión comparativa sobre la huelga de Santa María de Iquique y el legado de los movimientos obreros de la época|quote=Ya es sabido que dicha huelga culminó en la masacre de más de dos mil obreros en la escuela Santa María}}</ref>
 *[[1910]] &ndash; [[Pretoria Pit disaster|An underground explosion]] at the [[Hulton Colliery Company|Hulton Bank Colliery]] No. 3 Pit in [[Over Hulton]], [[Westhoughton]], England, kills 344 miners.
-*[[1913]] &ndash; [[Arthur Wynne]]'s "word-cross", the first [[crossword]] puzzle, is published in the ''[[New York World]]''.
 *[[1919]] &ndash; American [[anarchism|anarchist]] [[Emma Goldman]] is deported to Russia.
 *[[1923]] &ndash; United Kingdom and [[Nepal]] formally sign an agreement of friendship, called the [[Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923]], which superseded the [[Treaty of Sugauli]] signed in 1816.
 *[[1934]] &ndash; ''[[Lieutenant Kijé (Prokofiev)|Lieutenant Kijé]]'', one of [[Sergei Prokofiev]]'s best-known works, premiered.<ref>{{cite book|last= MacDonald|first= Laurence E.|title= The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=e0NYYHWtz6sC|publisher= The Scarecrow Press|location= New York|year= 2013|page=35|isbn= 978-0-8108-8397-0}}</ref>
-*[[1936]] &ndash; First flight of the [[Junkers Ju 88]] multi-role combat aircraft.
-*[[1937]] &ndash; ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'', the world's first full-length [[Animation|animated]] feature, premieres at the [[Carthay Circle Theatre]].
 *[[1941]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: A [[Thailand in World War II|Thai-Japanese Pact of Alliance]] is signed.
 *[[1946]] &ndash; An 8.1 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]] [[1946 Nankai earthquake|earthquake]] and subsequent [[tsunami]] in [[Nankaidō]], Japan, kills over 1,300 people and destroys over 38,000 homes.
@@ Line 40: / Line 36: @@
 *[[1967]] &ndash; [[Louis Washkansky]], the first man to undergo a human-to-human [[Heart transplantation|heart transplant]], dies in [[Cape Town]], South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant.
 *[[1968]] &ndash; [[Apollo program]]: [[Apollo 8]] is launched from the [[Kennedy Space Center]], placing its crew on a [[Moon|lunar]] trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.
-*[[1970]] &ndash; First flight of [[Grumman F-14 Tomcat|F-14]] multi-role combat aircraft.
 *[[1973]] &ndash; The [[Geneva Conference (1973)|Geneva Conference]] on the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] opens.
 *[[1979]] &ndash; [[Lancaster House Agreement]]: An independence agreement for [[Rhodesia]] is signed in London by [[Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington|Lord Carrington]], Sir [[Ian Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar|Ian Gilmour]], [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Joshua Nkomo]], Bishop [[Abel Muzorewa]] and S.C. Mundawarara.
 *[[1988]] &ndash; A bomb explodes on board [[Pan Am Flight 103]] over [[Lockerbie]], [[Dumfries and Galloway]], Scotland, killing 270.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lockerbie bombing suspect in US custody |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-63933837 |website=BBC News |access-date=11 December 2022 |date=11 December 2022}}</ref> This is to date the deadliest air disaster to occur on British soil.
-*  1988   &ndash; The first flight of [[Antonov An-225 Mriya]], the largest aircraft in the world.
 *[[1991]] &ndash; [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]]: The leaders of 11 now effectively autonomous Soviet republics sign the [[Alma-Ata Protocol]] establishing the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] in place of the collapsing [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fedor |first=Helen |title=Belarus and Moldova: Country Studies |publisher=[[Federal Research Division]] |year=1995 |isbn=0844408492 |edition=1st |location=Washington, D.C. |page=195 |language=en}}</ref>
-*[[1992]] &ndash; A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|DC-10]], flight [[Martinair Flight 495|Martinair MP 495]], crashes at [[Faro Airport]], killing 56.
+*[[1992]] &ndash; A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|DC-10]], flight [[Martinair Flight 495|Martinair MP 495]], crashes at [[Faro Airport]], Portugal, killing 56.
 *[[1995]] &ndash; The city of [[Bethlehem]] passes from [[Israel]]i to [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian]] control.
 *[[1999]] &ndash; The [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Spanish Civil Guard]] intercepts a van loaded with 950&nbsp;kg of explosives that [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] intended to use to blow up [[Torre Picasso]] in [[Madrid]], Spain.
 *  1999   &ndash; [[Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216]] overshoots the runway at [[La Aurora International Airport]], killing 18.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991221-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 F-GTDI Guatemala City-La Aurora Airport (GUA)|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref>
-*[[2004]] &ndash; [[Iraq War]]: A [[suicide attack|suicide bomber]] [[2004 Forward Operating Base Marez bombing|kills 22]] at the [[forward operating base]] next to the main U.S. military airfield at [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]], the single deadliest suicide attack on American soldiers in Iraq.
+*[[2004]] &ndash; [[Iraq War]]: A [[suicide attack|suicide bomber]] [[2004 Forward Operating Base Marez bombing|kills 22]] at the [[forward operating base]] next to the main U.S. military airfield at [[Mosul]], Iraq, the single deadliest suicide attack on American soldiers in Iraq.
-*[[2012]] &ndash; [[2012 phenomenon]]: Festivities are held in parts of Mesoamerica to commemorate the conclusion of b’ak’tun 13, a roughly 5,126-year-long cycle in the [[Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar]] whose passing many [[New Age]] spiritualists had earlier held to portend a variety of cataclysmic or transformative events.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alper |first=Alexandra |date=21 December 2012 |title=Celebrations in Mexico as world survives Maya "end of days" |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBRE8BJ16Q/ |access-date=21 December 2023}}</ref>
+*[[2012]] &ndash; [[2012 phenomenon]]: Festivities are held in parts of Mesoamerica to commemorate the conclusion of b'ak'tun 13, a roughly 5,126-year-long cycle in the [[Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar]] whose passing many [[New Age]] spiritualists had earlier held to portend a variety of cataclysmic or transformative events.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alper |first=Alexandra |date=21 December 2012 |title=Celebrations in Mexico as world survives Maya "end of days" |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBRE8BJ16Q/ |access-date=21 December 2023}}</ref>
 *[[2020]] &ndash; A [[great conjunction]] of [[Jupiter]] and [[Saturn]] occurs, with the two planets separated in the sky by 0.1 degrees. This is the closest conjunction between the two planets since 1623.<ref>{{Cite web|title=See the Great Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, 21 December 2020|url=https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/advice/skills/great-conjunction-jupiter-saturn|access-date=2020-11-29|website=BBC Sky at Night Magazine}}</ref>
-*[[2023]] &ndash; Fourteen people are killed and 25 others injured during [[2023 Prague shooting|a mass shooting]] at [[Charles University]] in [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]]. The perpetrator, a student at the university, kills himself after police arrived; he also killed his father before the shooting.<ref>{{cite web |title=A lone gunman opens fire in a Prague university, killing 15 people and injuring 24 |url=https://apnews.com/article/prague-shooting-dead-injured-9a383bc6919c1b0d929cf06aa4818341 |website=AP News |date=21 December 2023 |access-date=21 December 2023}}</ref>
+*[[2023]] &ndash; Fourteen people are killed and 25 others injured during [[2023 Prague shooting|a mass shooting]] at [[Charles University]] in [[Prague]], Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web |title=A lone gunman opens fire in a Prague university, killing 15 people and injuring 24 |url=https://apnews.com/article/prague-shooting-dead-injured-9a383bc6919c1b0d929cf06aa4818341 |website=AP News |date=21 December 2023 |access-date=21 December 2023}}</ref>
 ==Births==
@@ Line 114: / Line 108: @@
 *  1905   &ndash; [[Anthony Powell]], English author (died 2000)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/anthony-powell-chronicler-of-time-dies-at-94-284091.html |title=Anthony Powell, chronicler of Time, dies at 94 |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |newspaper=The Independent |date=28 March 2000 |access-date=2 November 2017}}</ref>
 *[[1909]] &ndash; [[Seichō Matsumoto]], Japanese journalist and author (died 1992)
-*[[1911]] &ndash; [[Josh Gibson]], American baseball player (died 1947)<ref name="UPI">{{cite web |title=Famous birthdays for Dec. 21: Tom Payne, Jane Fonda |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2022/12/21/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-21-Tom-Payne-Jane-Fonda/6231671587296/ |publisher=[[UPI]] |access-date=20 December 2023 |date=21 December 2022}}</ref>
+*[[1911]] &ndash; [[Josh Gibson]], American baseball player (died 1947)<ref name="UPI">{{cite web |title=Famous birthdays for Dec. 21: Tom Payne, Jane Fonda |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2022/12/21/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-21-Tom-Payne-Jane-Fonda/6231671587296/ |publisher=[[United Press International|UPI]] |access-date=20 December 2023 |date=21 December 2022}}</ref>
 *[[1913]] &ndash; [[Arnold Friberg]], American illustrator and painter (died 2010)
 *[[1914]] &ndash; [[Frank Fenner]], Australian microbiologist and virologist (died 2010)
@@ Line 130: / Line 124: @@
 *[[1926]] &ndash; [[Arnošt Lustig]], Czech author and playwright (died 2011)
 *  1926   &ndash; [[Joe Paterno]], American football player and coach (died 2012)<ref name="UPI" />
+*[[1927]] &ndash; [[Charles Bailleul]], French linguist and missionary (died 2026)<ref>{{cite news |last=Danaa Abobo|first=Vitus|date=10 February 2026|title=Charles Bailleul R.I.P.|url=https://mafrome.org/charles-bailleul-r-i-p/|work=[[White Fathers]]|access-date=11 February 2026}}</ref>
 *[[1930]] &ndash; [[Phil Roman]], American animator<ref name="el-paso">{{cite news|last=Renteria|first=Ramon|title=Art creates a life-come-true|date=January 29, 1998|newspaper=[[El Paso Times]]|page=1D}}</ref>
 *[[1932]] &ndash; [[U. R. Ananthamurthy]], Indian author, poet, and critic (died 2014)
 *  1932   &ndash; [[Edward Hoagland]], American author and critic
 *[[1933]] &ndash; [[Jackie Hendriks]], Jamaican cricketer
-*  1933   &ndash; [[Robert Worcester]], American businessman and academic, founded [[MORI]]
+*  1933   &ndash; [[Robert Worcester]], American businessman and academic, founded [[MORI]] (died 2025)<ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/sir-bob-worcester-m3f3ggdb7 Sir Bob Worcester obituary: influential pollster] The Times</ref>
 *[[1934]] &ndash; [[Giuseppina Leone]], Italian sprinter
 *  1934   &ndash; [[Hanif Mohammad]], Pakistani cricketer (died 2016)
@@ Line 152: / Line 147: @@
 *[[1943]] &ndash; [[Albert Lee]], English guitarist and songwriter<ref name="AP" />
 *  1943   &ndash; [[Walter Spanghero]], French rugby player
-*[[1944]] &ndash; [[Michael Tilson Thomas]], American pianist, composer, and conductor
+*[[1944]] &ndash; [[Michael Tilson Thomas]], American pianist, composer, and conductor (died 2026)
 *  1944   &ndash; [[Zheng Xiaoyu]], Chinese diplomat (died 2007)
 *[[1945]] &ndash; [[Doug Walters]], Australian cricketer
@@ Line 185: / Line 180: @@
 *[[1963]] &ndash; [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], Indian actor, singer, and politician
 *[[1964]] &ndash; [[Kunihiko Ikuhara]], Japanese director and illustrator
-*  1964   &ndash; [[Joe Kocur]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach
+*  1964 &ndash; [[Joe Kocur]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach
 *[[1965]] &ndash; [[Glenn Coleman (rugby league)|Glenn Coleman]], Australian rugby league player
-*  1965   &ndash; [[Andy Dick]], American actor and comedian<ref>{{cite web |title=Turning 50 in 2015 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/02/09/entertainment/celebs-turning-50/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=14 December 2022 |date=9 April 2015}}</ref>
+*  1965 &ndash; [[Andy Dick]], American actor and comedian<ref>{{cite web |title=Turning 50 in 2015 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/02/09/entertainment/celebs-turning-50/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=14 December 2022 |date=9 April 2015}}</ref>
-*  1965   &ndash; [[Anke Engelke]], Canadian-German actress, director, and screenwriter
+*  1965 &ndash; [[Anke Engelke]], Canadian-German actress, director, and screenwriter
 *[[1966]] &ndash; [[Michelle Hurd]], American actress<ref name="AP" />
-*  1966   &ndash; [[William Ruto]], 5th [[List of heads of state of Kenya|President of Kenya]]<ref name="UPI" />
+*  1966 &ndash; [[William Ruto]], 5th [[List of heads of state of Kenya|President of Kenya]]<ref name="UPI" />
-*  1966   &ndash; [[Kiefer Sutherland]], British-Canadian actor, director, and producer<ref>{{cite book|author1=Maxine Block|author2=Anna Herthe Rothe|author3=Marjorie Dent Candee|author4=Charles Moritz|title=Current Biography Yearbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4sYAAAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=H. W. Wilson Company|page=542}}</ref>
+*  1966 &ndash; [[Kiefer Sutherland]], British-Canadian actor, director, and producer<ref>{{cite book|author1=Maxine Block|author2=Anna Herthe Rothe|author3=Marjorie Dent Candee|author4=Charles Moritz|title=Current Biography Yearbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4sYAAAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=H. W. Wilson Company|page=542}}</ref>
 *[[1967]] &ndash; [[Terry Mills (basketball)|Terry Mills]], American basketball player and coach
-*  1967   &ndash; [[Mikheil Saakashvili]], Georgian lawyer and politician, 3rd [[President of Georgia]]<ref>{{cite book|author=B. Turner|title=The Statesman's Yearbook 2008: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZPlDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|date=12 January 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-349-74024-6|page=502}}</ref>
+*  1967 &ndash; [[Mikheil Saakashvili]], Georgian lawyer and politician, 3rd [[President of Georgia]]<ref>{{cite book|author=B. Turner|title=The Statesman's Yearbook 2008: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZPlDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|date=12 January 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-349-74024-6|page=502}}</ref>
 *[[1969]] &ndash; [[Julie Delpy]], French model, actress, director, and screenwriter<ref name="AP" />
-*  1969   &ndash; [[Mihails Zemļinskis]], Latvian footballer, coach, and manager
+*  1969 &ndash; [[Mihails Zemļinskis]], Latvian footballer, coach, and manager
 *[[1971]] &ndash; [[Matthieu Chedid]], French singer-songwriter and guitarist
-*  1971   &ndash; [[Natalie Grant]], American singer-songwriter and author<ref name="AP" />
+*  1971 &ndash; [[Natalie Grant]], American singer-songwriter and author<ref name="AP" />
-*[[1972]] &ndash; [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]], Indian Politician, 17th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
+*[[1972]] &ndash; [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]], Indian politician, 17th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
 *[[1973]] &ndash; [[Irakli Alasania]], Georgian colonel and politician, [[Ministry of Defense of Georgia|Georgian Minister of Defense]]
-*  1973   &ndash; [[Matías Almeyda]], Argentine footballer and manager
+*  1973 &ndash; [[Matías Almeyda]], Argentine footballer and manager
 *[[1974]] &ndash; [[Karrie Webb]], Australian golfer
 *[[1975]] &ndash; [[Paloma Herrera]], Argentine ballerina
 *[[1977]] &ndash; [[Buddy Carlyle]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Buddy Carlyle |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/buddy-carlyle-234194 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
-*  1977   &ndash; [[Corey Collymore]], Barbadian cricketer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middlesexccc.com/squads/hall-of-fame/corey-collymore|title=Corey Collymore|publisher=[[Middlesex County Cricket Club]]|website=middlesexccc.com}}</ref>
+*  1977 &ndash; [[Corey Collymore]], Barbadian cricketer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middlesexccc.com/squads/hall-of-fame/corey-collymore|title=Corey Collymore|publisher=[[Middlesex County Cricket Club]]|website=middlesexccc.com}}</ref>
-*  1977   &ndash; [[Leon MacDonald]], New Zealand rugby player
+*  1977 &ndash; [[Leon MacDonald]], New Zealand rugby player
-*  1977   &ndash; [[Emmanuel Macron]], French politician, 25th [[President of France]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Sophie Pedder|title=Revolution Française: Emmanuel Macron and the quest to reinvent a nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lhc0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT54|date=21 June 2018|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4729-4861-8|page=54}}</ref>
+*  1977 &ndash; [[Emmanuel Macron]], French politician, 25th [[President of France]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Sophie Pedder|title=Revolution Française: Emmanuel Macron and the quest to reinvent a nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lhc0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT54|date=21 June 2018|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4729-4861-8|page=54}}</ref>
-*  1977   &ndash; [[Freddy Sanchez]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Freddy Sanchez |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/freddy-sanchez-408108 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
+*  1977 &ndash; [[Freddy Sanchez]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Freddy Sanchez |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/freddy-sanchez-408108 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
 *[[1978]] &ndash; [[Emiliano Brembilla]], Italian swimmer
-*  1978   &ndash; [[Charles Dera]], American pornographic actor, dancer, model, and mixed martial arts fighter
+*  1978 &ndash; [[Charles Dera]], American pornographic actor, dancer, model, and mixed martial arts fighter
-*  1978   &ndash; [[Shaun Morgan]], South African musician, singer, and guitarist
+*  1978 &ndash; [[Shaun Morgan]], South African musician, singer, and guitarist
-*  1978   &ndash; [[Rutina Wesley]], American actress<ref name="AP" />
+*  1978 &ndash; [[Rutina Wesley]], American actress<ref name="AP" />
 *[[1979]] &ndash; [[Steve Montador]], Canadian ice hockey player (died 2015)
 *[[1981]] &ndash; [[Marta Fernández (basketball)|Marta Fernández]], Spanish basketball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Marta Fernandez |url=https://www.wnba.com/player/201037/marta-fernandez |publisher=[[WNBA]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
@@ Line 235: / Line 230: @@
 *  1996   &ndash; [[Kaitlyn Dever]], American actress<ref name="AP" />
 *[[1997]] &ndash; [[Madelyn Cline]], American actress and model<ref name="UPI" />
-*  1997   &ndash; [[Charlie McAvoy]], American ice hockey player <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlie McAvoy Stats And News |url=https://www.nhl.com/bruins/player/charlie-mcavoy-8479325 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=www.nhl.com |language=en}}</ref>
+*  1997   &ndash; [[Charlie McAvoy]], American ice hockey player<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlie McAvoy Stats And News |url=https://www.nhl.com/bruins/player/charlie-mcavoy-8479325 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=www.nhl.com |language=en}}</ref>
 *[[2002]] &ndash; [[Clara Tauson]], Danish tennis player<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clara Tauson {{!}} Player Stats & More – WTA Official |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/327793/clara-tauson |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref>
 *[[2006]] &ndash; [[Cooper Flagg]], American basketball player<ref>{{cite news |last=Lopresti |first=Mike |title=Cooper Flagg— the freshman phenom who only now can vote |url=https://www.ncaa.com/news/basketball-men/article/2024-12-19/cooper-flagg-freshman-phenom-who-only-now-can-vote |access-date=December 20, 2024 |work=NCAA.com |date=December 19, 2024}}</ref>
@@ Line 260: / Line 255: @@
 *[[1608]] &ndash; [[William Davison (diplomat)|William Davison]], secretary to Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]] (born c. 1541)
 *[[1610]] &ndash; [[Catherine Vasa]], Swedish princess (born 1539)
+*[[1646]] &ndash; [[Sophie Axelsdatter Brahe]], Danish noblewoman (born 1578)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sophie Axelsdatter Brahe |url=https://gravsted.dk/person.php?navn=sophieaxelsdatterbrahe |website=Gravsted |access-date=10 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517220359/https://gravsted.dk/person.php?navn=sophieaxelsdatterbrahe |archive-date=17 May 2025 |language=da |url-status=live}}</ref>
 *[[1701]] &ndash; [[Sir Hugh Paterson, 1st Baronet|Sir Hugh Paterson]], Baronet of Bannockburn (born 1659)
 *[[1807]] &ndash; [[John Newton]], English soldier and minister (born 1725)
@@ Line 289: / Line 285: @@
 *[[1965]] &ndash; [[Claude Champagne]], Canadian violinist, pianist, and composer (born 1891)
 *[[1968]] &ndash; [[Vittorio Pozzo]], Italian footballer, coach, and manager (born 1886)
+*[[1971]] – [[Ásta Sigurðardóttir]], Icelandic writer and visual artist (born 1930)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ásta Sigurðardóttir |url=https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=15145 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906135338/https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=15145 |archive-date=2025-09-06 |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=www.litencyc.com |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
 *[[1974]] &ndash; [[Richard Long (actor)|Richard Long]], American actor and director (born 1927)
 *[[1982]] &ndash; [[Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri]], Pakistani poet and composer (born 1900)
@@ Line 298: / Line 295: @@
 *[[1998]] &ndash; [[Ernst-Günther Schenck]], German colonel and physician (born 1904)
 *[[2004]] &ndash; [[Autar Singh Paintal]], Indian physiologist and neurologist (born 1925)
-*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Saparmurat Niyazov]], Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st [[President of Turkmenistan]] (born 1940)
+*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Saparmyrat Nyýazow]], Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st [[President of Turkmenistan]] (born 1940)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6198983.stm|title=Turkmenistan's 'iron ruler' dies|work=BBC News|date=21 December 2006|access-date=22 December 2006|archive-date=7 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107133600/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6198983.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> (date death announced)
 *[[2009]] &ndash; [[Edwin G. Krebs]], American biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1918)
 *  2009   &ndash; [[Christos Lambrakis]], Greek journalist and businessman (born 1934)
@@ Line 327: / Line 324: @@
 ==External links==
 {{commons}}
-* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/21 BBC: On This Day]
+* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/21 BBC: On This Day]
 * {{NYT On this day|month=12|day=21}}
 * [https://www.onthisday.com/events/december/21 Historical Events on December 21]

December 21: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 18:33, 18 May 2026

Contents

Events

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

Births

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

Deaths

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

Holidays and observances

References

External links

Navigation menu

December 21: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 18:33, 18 May 2026

Events

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

Births

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

Deaths

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

Holidays and observances

References

External links

Navigation menu

Search