Frisian languages: Difference between revisions

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{{legend|#21007f|[[West Frisian languages|West Frisian]]|invert=y}}

{{legend|#0094ff|[[North Frisian language|North Frisian]]|invert=y}}

{{legend|#00ffff|[[Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]|invert=y}}

The '''Frisian languages''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|r|iː|ʒ|ə|n}} {{respell|FREE|zhən}}<ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh</ref> or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|r|ɪ|z|i|ə|n}} {{respell|FRIZ|ee|ən}}<ref>{{OED|Frisian}}</ref>) are a closely related group of [[West Germanic languages]], spoken by about 400,000 [[Frisian people]], who live on the southern fringes of the [[North Sea]] in the [[Netherlands]] and [[Germany]]. The Frisian languages are the closest living language group to the [[Anglic languages]]; the two groups make up the [[Anglo-Frisian languages]] group and together with the [[Low German]] dialects these form the [[North Sea Germanic languages]]. Despite the close genetic relationship between English and Frisian, the modern languages are not [[Mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]]. Geographical and historical circumstances have caused the two languages to drift apart linguistically.<ref name=GooskensHeeringa>Charlotte Gooskens & Wilbert Heeringa: The Position of Frisian in the Germanic Language Area, 2012, pp 21-22.</ref>  

Frisian is traditionally divided into three branches often labeled distinct Frisian languages even though the dialects within each branch are not necessarily mutually intelligible.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Swarte |first1=Femke |last2=Hilton |first2=Nanna Haug |date=2013 |title=Mutual intelligibility between speakers of North and West Frisian |url=https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/mutual-intelligibility-between-speakers-of-north-and-west-frisian |journal=Phonetics in Europe: Perception and Production |language=English |pages=281–302}}</ref> [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]] is by far the most spoken of the three and is an official language in the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[Provinces of the Netherlands|province]] of [[Friesland]], where it is spoken on the mainland and on two of the [[West Frisian Islands]]: [[Terschelling]] and [[Schiermonnikoog]]. It is also spoken in four villages in the [[Westerkwartier]] of the neighbouring province of [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]]. [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]], the second branch, is spoken in the northernmost [[Germany|German]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] of [[Nordfriesland]] in the [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Schleswig-Holstein]], on the [[North Frisia]]n mainland and on the [[North Frisian Islands]] of [[Sylt]], [[Föhr]], [[Amrum]], and the [[Halligs]]. It is also spoken on the islands of [[Heligoland]] and [[Düne]] in the [[North Sea]]. The third Frisian branch, [[East Frisian language|East Frisian]], has only one remaining variant, [[Saterland Frisian language|Sater Frisian]], spoken in the municipality of [[Saterland]] in the [[Lower Saxony|Lower Saxon]] district of [[Cloppenburg (district)|Cloppenburg]]. Surrounded by [[bogs]], the four Saterlandic villages lie just outside the borders of [[East Frisia]], in the [[Oldenburg Münsterland]] region. In East Frisia proper, [[East Frisian Low Saxon]] is spoken today, which is not a Frisian language, but a variant of [[Low German|Low German/Low Saxon]].

Frisian dialects were slightly smaller than the distances between the Scandinavian languages, which are known to be largely mutually intelligible.<ref name=GooskensHeeringa></ref>

=== Classification ===

 

 

 

==Speakers==

== Status ==

==Sample texts==

|-

| Us Heit, dy't yn de himelen is || Our Father, which art in Heaven || Onze Vader die in de hemelen zijt, || Vater unser, der Du bist im Himmel,

| jins namme wurde hillige. || Hallowed be thy Name. || Uw naam worde geheiligd; || Dein Name werde geheiligt,

| Jins keninkryk komme. || Thy Kingdom come. || Uw Koninkrijk kome; || Dein Reich komme,

| Jins wollen barre, || Thy will be done,  || Uw wil geschiede, || Dein Wille geschehe,

| allyk yn 'e himel sa ek op ierde. || in earth as it is in Heaven. || gelijk in de hemel alzo ook op de aarde. || wie im Himmel, so auf Erden.

| Jou ús hjoed ús deistich brea. || Give us this day our daily bread. || Geef ons heden ons dagelijks brood; || Unser täglich Brot gib uns heute,

| En ferjou ús ús skulden, || And forgive us our trespasses, || en vergeef ons onze schulden, || und vergib uns unsere Schuld,

| allyk ek wy ferjouwe ús skuldners. || As we forgive them that trespass against us. ||  gelijk ook wij vergeven onze schuldenaren; || wie auch wir vergeben unsern Schuldigern.

| En lied ús net yn fersiking, || And lead us not into temptation; || en leid ons niet in verzoeking, || Und führe uns nicht in Versuchung,

| mar ferlos ús fan 'e kweade. || But deliver us from evil. || maar verlos ons van de boze. || sondern erlöse uns von dem Übel,

| Want Jowes is it keninkryk en de krêft en de hearlikheid oant yn ivichheid. "Amen" || For thine is the kingdom, the power, and the glory, For ever and ever. Amen. || Want van U is het Koninkrijk en de kracht en de heerlijkheid in der eeuwigheid. Amen. || denn Dein ist die Kraft und die Herrlichkeit in Ewigkeit. Amen

* North Frisian ([[Sylt_North_Frisian|Söl'ring dialect]]): ''Di Dreeng strekt dit faamen om't Ken en taatjet höör üp di Sjaken''

* [[East Frisian Low Saxon]]: {{lang|frs|De Fent straktde dat Wicht um't Kinn to un tuutjede hör up de Wangen.}}

* {{langx|de|Der Junge streichelte das Mädchen ums Kinn und küsste sie auf die Wangen.}}

* {{langx|nl|De jongen streelde het meisje langs haar kin en kuste haar op de wangen.}}

* [[Afrikaans]]: {{lang|af|Die seun streel die meisie oor haar ken en soen haar op die wange.}}

* {{langx|da|Drengen strøg pigen på hagen og kyssede hende på kinderne.}}

* [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]: {{lang|is|Drengurinn strauk stúlkunni um hökuna og kyssti hana á kinnarnar.}}