FIDE: Difference between revisions

| size                    = 220px

| formation                = {{start date and age|1924|7|20}} in Paris

| native name             = ''Fédération Internationale des Échecs''

| headquarters            = [[Lausanne]], Switzerland<ref>{{cite web

| budget                  = {{Euro|17.56 million|link=yes}} (2024)

The '''International Chess Federation''' or '''World Chess Federation''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://handbook.fide.com/files/handbook/FIDECharter2020.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427145151/https://handbook.fide.com/files/handbook/FIDECharter2020.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-27 |url-status=live|title=FIDE Charter, Art. 1 FIDE – Name, legal status and seat|work=FIDE|accessdate=10 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Official Laws of Chess|year=1989|last=FIDE|isbn=0-02-028540-X|page=7|publisher=Collier Books }}</ref> commonly referred to by its French [[acronym]] '''FIDE''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|iː|d|eɪ}} {{respell|FEE|day}}, {{lang|fr|Fédération Internationale des Échecs}}),<ref>{{Cite book | last1=Hooper | first1=David | author1-link=David Vincent Hooper | last2=Whyld | first2=Kenneth | author2-link=Kenneth Whyld | year=1992 | title=The Oxford Companion to Chess | title-link=The Oxford Companion to Chess | edition=second | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-280049-3 | page=133}}</ref> is an international organization based in Switzerland that connects the various national [[chess]] federations and acts as the [[Sport governing body|governing body]] of international chess competition. FIDE was founded in Paris, France, in 1924.<ref name="fide.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.fide.com/fide/about-fide |title=About FIDE |website=FIDE |access-date=2025-01-03}}</ref> Its motto is {{lang|la|Gens una sumus}}, [[Latin]] for 'We are one Family'. In 1999, FIDE was recognized by the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC). {{as of|2023|12|21|post=,|df=US}} there are 201 [[FIDE Federations|member federations of FIDE]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Member Federations | url=https://fide.com/directory/member-federations | access-date=January 2, 2024}}</ref> The current world chess champion is [[Gukesh Dommaraju|Gukesh Dommaraju.]]

FIDE's most visible activity is organizing the [[World Chess Championship]] since 1948. FIDE also organizes world championships for [[Women's World Chess Championship|women]], [[World Junior Chess Championship|juniors]], [[World Senior Chess Championship|seniors]], and the [[Disability|disabled]], as well as the world championships for the shorter time formats [[World Rapid Chess Championship|rapid]] and [[World Blitz Chess Championship|blitz]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fide.com/component/content/article/1-fide-news/9126-world-chess-championship-for-disabled-2015-has-come-to-an-end.html|title=International Chess Federation – FIDE|website=fide.com|access-date=November 13, 2016|archive-date=November 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114084601/https://www.fide.com/component/content/article/1-fide-news/9126-world-chess-championship-for-disabled-2015-has-come-to-an-end.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Another flagship event is the [[Chess Olympiad]], a biennial chess tournament organized since 1924, in which national teams compete. In alternate years, FIDE also organizes the [[World Team Chess Championship|World Team Championship]], in which the best teams from the previous Olympiad compete.

As part of the World Chess Championship cycle, FIDE also organizes the [[Candidates Tournament]], which determines who will challenge the reigning World Champion, and the qualifying tournaments for the Candidates, such as the [[Chess World Cup]], the [[FIDE Grand Prix]], and the [[FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament 2019]].

# African Chess Confederation (ACC)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ratings.fide.com/fide_directory.phtml?list=974 | title=African Chess Confederation (ACC) FIDE Directory }}</ref>

# Confederation of Chess for Americas (CCA)

# Oceania Chess Confederation (OCC)

===Affiliated Organizations===

# Arab Chess Federation (ACF)

# ASEAN Chess Confederation

# Balkan Chess Federation (BCF)

# Chess Association of Black Sea Countries

# Commonwealth Chess Association

# Francophone Chess Association (AIDEF)

# Iberoamerican Chess Federation (FIBDA)

# International Braille Chess Association (IBCA)

# International Chess Committee of the Deaf (ICCD)

# International Computer Games Association (ICGA)

# International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF)

# International Physically Disabled Chess Association (IPCA)

# International School Chess Union

# Isle of Man Chess Association *Affiliated Member

# Mediterranean Chess Association (MCA)

# MITROPA Chess Association

# New Caledonia Chess Federation (LENC) *Affiliated Member

# Small Nations Chess Association

# South Asian Chess Council (SACC)

# World Federation for Chess Composition (WFCC)

* http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,1931027,00.html "The man who bought chess" Guardian on Ilyumzhinov

Players made the first attempt to produce rules for world championship matches—in 1922, world champion [[José Raúl Capablanca]] proposed the "London rules": the first player to win six games outright would win the match; playing sessions would be limited to five hours; the time limit would be 40 moves in 2.5 hours each; the champion would be obliged to defend his title within one year of receiving a challenge from a recognized master; the champion would decide the date of the match; the champion was not obliged to accept a challenge for a [[Prize money|purse]] of less than $10,000 ({{Inflation|USD|10000|1922|r=-3|fmt=eq}}); 20% of the purse was to be paid to the title holder, with the remainder being divided, 60 percent to the winner of the match, and 40% to the loser; the highest purse bid must be accepted. [[Alexander Alekhine|Alekhine]], [[Efim Bogoljubow|Bogoljubov]], [[Géza Maróczy|Maróczy]], [[Richard Réti|Réti]], [[Akiba Rubinstein|Rubinstein]], [[Savielly Tartakower|Tartakower]] and [[Milan Vidmar|Vidmar]] promptly signed them.<ref name="chessvilleLondonRules">{{cite web

|url=http://www.chessville.com/misc/History/Mad_Aussie_Trivia_Archive_Three.htm

|title=The Mad Aussie's Chess Trivia – Archive No. 3  

  |author=Clayton, G.  

  |url-status=usurped

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220224/http://www.chessville.com/misc/History/Mad_Aussie_Trivia_Archive_Three.htm  

|archive-date=May 16, 2008  

|df=mdy  

}}</ref> The only match played under those rules was Capablanca vs Alekhine in 1927.<ref name="WinterCapablancaVsAlekhine1927">{{cite web

| title=Capablanca v Alekhine, 1927

| url=http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/capablancaalekhine1927.html

| author=Winter, E.

}}</ref>

In 1922, the Russian master [[Eugene Znosko-Borovsky]], while participating in an international tournament in London, announced that a tournament would be held during the 8th Sports [[Olympic Games]] in Paris in 1924 and would be hosted by the [[French Chess Federation]]. On July 20, 1924, the participants at the Paris tournament founded FIDE as a kind of players' union.<ref name="WallFIDEHistory">{{cite web

| url=http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/7378/fide.htm

| title=FIDE History

| author=Wall, W.

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028083110/http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/7378/fide.htm|archive-date=October 28, 2009}}</ref><ref name="FIDEHistory">{{cite web

|url         = http://www.fide.com/home/history.asp

|title       = FIDE History

|publisher   = FIDE

|access-date = January 6, 2023

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080111062831/http://fide.com/home/history.asp

|archive-date = January 11, 2008

|url-status     = dead

|df           = mdy-all

}}</ref><ref name="Seirawan1998WhoseTitle">{{cite journal

| title=Whose Title Is it, Anyway?

| author=[[Yasser Seirawan|Seirawan]], Y.

| journal=GAMES Magazine

|date=August 1998

| url=http://www.edcollins.com/chess/whose-title.htm

}}</ref> In its early years, FIDE had little power, and it was poorly financed.

FIDE's congresses in 1925 and 1926 expressed a desire to become involved in managing the world championship. FIDE was largely happy with the "London Rules", but claimed that the requirement for a purse of $10,000 was impracticable and called upon Capablanca to come to an agreement with the leading masters to revise the Rules.<ref name="WinterChessNotesArchive17">{{cite web

| url=http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter17.html

| title=Chess Notes Archive [17]

| author=Winter, E.

}}</ref>

While negotiating his 1937 World Championship re-match with Alekhine, Euwe proposed that if he retained the title, FIDE should manage the nomination of future challengers and the conduct of championship matches. FIDE had been trying since 1935 to introduce rules on how to select challengers, and its various proposals favored selection by some sort of committee. While they were debating procedures in 1937 and Alekhine and Euwe were preparing for their re-match later that year, the [[Dutch Chess Federation]] proposed that a super-tournament (AVRO) of ex-champions and rising stars should be held to select the next challenger. FIDE rejected this proposal and at their second attempt nominated [[Salo Flohr]] as the official challenger. Euwe then declared that: if he retained his title against Alekhine he was prepared to meet Flohr in 1940 but he reserved the right to arrange a title match either in 1938 or 1939 with José Raúl Capablanca, who had lost the title to Alekhine in 1927; if Euwe lost his title to Capablanca then FIDE's decision should be followed and Capablanca would have to play Flohr in 1940. Most chess writers and players strongly supported the Dutch super-tournament proposal and opposed the committee processes favored by FIDE. While this confusion went unresolved: Euwe lost his title to Alekhine; the [[AVRO tournament]] in 1938 was won by [[Paul Keres]] under a tie-breaking rule, with [[Reuben Fine]] placed second and Capablanca and Flohr in the bottom places; and the outbreak of World War II in 1939 cut short the controversy.<ref name="WinterWorldChampionshipDisorder">{{cite web

| title=World Championship Disorder

| url=http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/disorder.html

| author=Winter, E.

}}</ref><ref name="EndgameAVRO1938">{{cite web

|title       = AVRO 1938

|url         = http://www.endgame.nl/AVRO1938.htm

|url-status     = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081020142455/http://www.endgame.nl/AVRO1938.htm

|archive-date = October 20, 2008

|df         = mdy-all

}}</ref> Although competitive chess continued in many countries, including some that were under [[Nazi]] occupation, there was no international competition and FIDE was inactive during the war.

The eventual solution was similar to FIDE's initial proposal and to a proposal put forward by the Soviet Union (authored by [[Mikhail Botvinnik]]). The 1938 [[AVRO tournament]] was used as the basis for the [[World Chess Championship 1948|1948 Championship Tournament]]. The AVRO tournament had brought together the eight players who were, by general acclamation, the best players in the world at the time. Two of the participants at AVRO—Alekhine and former world champion Capablanca—had since died; but FIDE decided that the other six participants at AVRO would play a quadruple [[round-robin tournament]]. These players were: [[Max Euwe]] (from The Netherlands); Botvinnik, [[Paul Keres]] and [[Salo Flohr]] (from the Soviet Union); and [[Reuben Fine]] and [[Samuel Reshevsky]] (from the United States). FIDE soon accepted a Soviet request to substitute [[Vasily Smyslov]] for Flohr, and Fine withdrew in order to continue his degree studies in [[psychiatry]], so five players competed, in a quintuple round robin. Botvinnik won, thus becoming world champion, ending the ''interregnum''.<ref name="Winter2003Interregnum">{{cite web

| url=http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/interregnum.html

| title=Interregnum

| author=Winter, E.

| date=2003–2004

| publisher=Chess History Center

}}</ref>

The proposals which led to the 1948 Championship Tournament also specified the procedure by which challengers for the World Championship would be selected in a three-year cycle: countries affiliated with FIDE would send players to Zonal tournaments (the number varied depending on the number of strong players each country had); the players who gained the top places in these would compete in an Interzonal tournament (later split into two, then three tournaments as the number of countries and eligible players increased<ref name="WeeksWorldChampionshipEvents1948to1990">{{cite web

| url=http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/wcc-indy.htm

| title=World Chess Championship FIDE Events 1948–1990

| author=Weeks, M.

}}</ref>); the highest-placed players from the Interzonal would compete in the [[Candidates Tournament]], along with the loser of the previous title match and the runner-up in the previous Candidates Tournament; and the winner of the Candidates played a title match against the champion.<ref name="Winter2003Interregnum" /> From 1950 until 1962 inclusive, the Candidates Tournament was a multi-round round-robin—how and why it was changed are described below.

FIDE found itself embroiled in some controversies relating to the American player [[Bobby Fischer]]. The first controversy took place when Fischer alleged that, at the 1962 [[Candidates Tournament]] in [[Curaçao]], the Soviet players [[Tigran Petrosian]], [[Paul Keres]] and [[Efim Geller]] had pre-arranged draws in their games played amongst themselves, and that [[Viktor Korchnoi]], another Soviet player, had been instructed to lose to them (Fischer had [[World Chess Championship 1963|placed 4th]], well behind Petrosian, Keres and Geller). Grandmaster [[Yuri Averbakh]], a member of the Soviet delegation at the tournament, confirmed in 2002 that Petrosian, Keres and Geller privately agreed to draw their games.<ref name="Kingston2002AverbakhInterview2">{{cite web

| url=http://www.chesscafe.com/text/skittles183.pdf

| title=Yuri Averbakh, An Interview with History, Part 2

| author=Kingston, T.

| publisher=chesscafe.com

| year=2002

| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040330072504/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/skittles183.pdf

| archive-date=March 30, 2004

| url-status=live}}</ref> FIDE responded by changing the format of Candidates Tournaments from a multi-round round-robin to a series of elimination matches, initially 10–12 games in duration; however, by the 1970s, the Candidates final would be as long as 24 games.

Then, in 1969, Fischer refused to play in the [[U.S. Chess Championship|U.S. Championship]] because of disagreements about the tournament's format and prize fund. Since that event was being treated as a [[Interzonal|Zonal tournament]], Fischer forfeited his right to compete for the right to challenge World Champion [[Boris Spassky]] in 1972. Grandmaster [[Pal Benko]] agreed to relinquish his qualifying place at the Interzonal in Fischer's favor, and the other participants waived their right to claim the spot. FIDE president Max Euwe interpreted the rules very flexibly to allow Fischer to play in the 1970 Interzonal at [[Palma de Mallorca]], which he won convincingly. Fischer then crushed [[Mark Taimanov]], [[Bent Larsen]] (both 6–0) and Tigran Petrosian in the 1971 Candidates

Tournament and won the title match with Spassky to become world champion.<ref name="Sosonko2001RememberingEuwePart1">{{cite web

| url=http://www.chesscafe.com/text/skittles167.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040727125358/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/skittles167.pdf |archive-date=2004-07-27 |url-status=live

| title=Remembering Max Euwe Part 1

| author=[[Gennadi Sosonko]]

| year=2001

| publisher=The Chess Cafe

}}</ref>

After winning the world championship, Fischer criticized the existing championship match format (24 games; the champion retained the title if the match was tied) on the grounds that it encouraged whoever got an early lead to play for draws. While this dispute was going on, [[Anatoly Karpov]] won the right to challenge in 1975. Fischer refused to accept any match format other than the one he proposed. Among Fischer's demands was a requirement that the challenger must beat him by at least two games in order to take his title (Fischer proposed a match format in which the first player to win 10 games wins, with draws not counting, but if the result is 9–9 it is considered a tie). The FIDE argued that it was unfair for a challenger to be able to beat the world champion, yet not take his title. Fischer would not back down, and eventually FIDE awarded the title to Karpov by default.<ref name="WeeksFischerForfeitsToKarpov">{{cite web

| url=http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/7375$wix.htm

|title=World Chess Championship 1975 – Fischer forfeits to Karpov

| author=Weeks, M.

| publisher=Mark Weeks

}}</ref> Some commentators have questioned whether FIDE president Max Euwe did as much as he could have to prevent Fischer from forfeiting his world title.<ref name="Sosonko2001RememberingEuwePart1" />

The events leading to [[Garry Kasparov]]'s winning the world championship involved FIDE in two controversies. While arranging the [[Candidates Tournament]] semi-final matches to be played in 1983, FIDE accepted bids to host Kasparov versus [[Victor Korchnoi]] in [[Pasadena, California]]. The Soviet Union refused to accept this, either because it feared Kasparov would [[Defection|defect]] or because it thought Kasparov was the greater threat to reigning champion Anatoly Karpov. Their refusal would have meant that Kasparov forfeited his chance of challenging for the title. FIDE president [[Florencio Campomanes]] negotiated with the Soviet Union, and the match was played in London.<ref name="AbundoCampomanesLegacy">{{cite web

| url=http://old.fide.com/news/download/campolegacy.doc

| title=Campo's Legacy to World Chess

| author=Abundo, C.

| publisher=FIDE

}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes1983CrisisLooming">{{cite news

| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9806E7DB1E39F935A3575BC0A965948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all

| title= A crisis is looming in chess world

| date=August 6, 1983

| author=Burns, J.F.

| newspaper=New York Times

}}</ref>

In the 1984 world championship match between Karpov and Kasparov the winner was to be the first to win six games. In the first 27 games Karpov gained a 5–0 lead but by the end of the 48th Kasparov had reduced this to 5–3.<ref name="weeksKarpovKasparov1984">{{cite web

| url=http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/82841wix.htm

| title=1984 Karpov – Kasparov Title Match

| author=Weeks, M.

}}</ref> At this point the match had lasted for 159 days (from September 1984 to February 1985). Then the match was ended without result by Florencio Campomanes, the President of the World Chess Federation, and a new match was announced to start a few months later. The termination was controversial, as both players stated that they preferred the match to continue.<ref>Edward Winter, [http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/termination.html The Termination] (1988, updated in 2006, 2007 and 2008). Retrieved on 2008-12-27.</ref> Announcing his decision at a press conference, Campomanes cited the health of the players, which had been strained by the length of the match. Kasparov won the second match and became world champion.<ref name="AbundoCampomanesLegacy" /><ref name="timesonline2007WhiteKnight">{{cite news

| url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/white-knight-who-brought-down-the-red-king-kfj0bhknzkv

| title=White knight who brought down the Red king

| date=November 6, 2007

| newspaper=[[The Times]]

| location=London

| first=Daniel

| last=Johnson

| access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref><ref name="aboutWorldChampionship1948to1990">{{cite web

|url         = http://chess.about.com/od/worldchampionship/p/aa06c11.htm

|title       = FIDE World Chess Championship 1948–1990

|author     = Week, M.

|publisher   = about.com

|url-status     = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080720005910/http://chess.about.com/od/worldchampionship/p/aa06c11.htm

|archive-date = July 20, 2008

|df         = mdy

}} Also available on [https://web.archive.org/web/20210508203020/https://www.fide.com/news.asp?id=1268 FIDE's Web site]</ref>

<!--

http://chess.about.com/od/worldchampionship/p/aa06i09.htm The Saga of Chess Unification (1994–2006)

-->

  |url-status     = usurped

In 2012 FIDE entered into a commercial agreement, initially planned to last until 2021, with the company Agon Limited. This company was given rights to organize and commercially exploit the [[World Chess Championship]] and the associated events in the World Championship cycle.<ref name="fide-contract">{{cite web| url = https://www.fide.com/images/stories/NEWS_2012/Congress/Annex_11_-_Agreement_between_FIDE_and_Agon.pdf| title = FIDE–Agon Agreement, Annex 11, FIDE General Assembly 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160420203603/https://www.fide.com/images/stories/NEWS_2012/Congress/Annex_11_-_Agreement_between_FIDE_and_Agon.pdf| archive-date = April 20, 2016 | url-status = live}}</ref> The first tournament it organized was the London [[FIDE Grand Prix 2012–13|FIDE Grand Prix]] event in September 2012,<ref name="interview">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/an-interview-with-ilya-merenzon-organizer-of-anand-carlsen-4530|title=An Interview With Ilya Merenzon, Organizer of Carlsen-Anand|first=Peter|last=Doggers (PeterDoggers)|website=Chess.com|date=December 2014 }}</ref> followed by the London [[Candidates Tournament]] in March 2013,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chennai2013.fide.com/anand-carlsen-chennai-2013/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926064532/http://chennai2013.fide.com/anand-carlsen-chennai-2013/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 26, 2013|title=» Anand – Carlsen, Chennai 2013|website=chennai2013.fide.com}}</ref> and the Chennai [[World Chess Championship]] in November 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fide.com/component/content/article/1-fide-news/7045-world-championship-match-press-release.html|title=International Chess Federation – FIDE|website=www.fide.com|access-date=January 10, 2020|archive-date=September 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906234741/https://www.fide.com/component/content/article/1-fide-news/7045-world-championship-match-press-release.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The condition that Agon would be the sole organizer of Championship events was disputed originally by principally the Bulgarian Chess Federation, with respect to the Candidates matches for 2012.<ref name="2012ga">[https://www.fide.com/images/stories/NEWS_2012/Congress/Minutes_of_FIDE_General_Assembly_2012.pdf Minutes 2012 FIDE General Assembly] Section 4.3 (page 18)</ref> In early 2014, a purported agreement between Paulson and FIDE President [[Kirsan Ilyumzhinov]] was leaked, and then published by Chess.com (and others), which allegedly indicated that Paulson was simply a front man with Ilyumzhinov the ultimate benefactor of Agon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/deal-between-paulson--ilymzhinov-revealed-in-yet-another-leaked-document-6252|title=Leaked Agreement Between Ilyumzhinov & Paulson Suggests Conflict of Interest|first=Peter|last=Doggers (PeterDoggers)|website=Chess.com|date=January 30, 2014 }}</ref> In that Chess.com article [[Malcolm Pein]] is quoted as having twice been told by Paulson that Ilyuzmhinov owned Agon, and in a ''New In Chess'' article [[Nigel Short]] asserted he had also been told this personally by Paulson.<ref>[https://issuu.com/newinchess/docs/newinchess_2014_2_short_stories_ago Short Stories (Agony)] Nigel Short, New In Chess 2014 #2, page 43]</ref> In response, FIDE's deputy vice president [[Georgios Makropoulos]] pointed out that the purported contract was a draft document.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fide.com/component/content/article/1-fide-news/7713-the-truth-about-the-fide-agon-contract.html|title=International Chess Federation – FIDE|website=www.fide.com|access-date=November 28, 2015|archive-date=December 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208133836/https://www.fide.com/component/content/article/1-fide-news/7713-the-truth-about-the-fide-agon-contract.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The FIDE Ethics Commission ruled in September 2015 that Ilyumzhinov did not violate the FIDE Code of Ethics.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.fide.com/images/stories/NEWS_2015/FIDE_News/2015_EB_Agenda__Annexes/Annex_52.pdf| title = 2015 FIDE Ethics Commission report, case 7/2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170714130636/https://www.fide.com/images/stories/NEWS_2015/FIDE_News/2015_EB_Agenda__Annexes/Annex_52.pdf| archive-date = July 14, 2017| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ethics.fide.com/images/stories/Ethics_Decision_case_7_2014.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623130601/http://ethics.fide.com/images/stories/Ethics_Decision_case_7_2014.pdf |archive-date=2019-06-23 |url-status=live|title=FIDE Ethics decision, case 7/2014}}</ref>

====The election of Arkady Dvorkovich and the end of the Ilyumzhinov era====

In the elections, held in [[Batumi]] (Georgia) in October 2018, Dvorkovich won by 103 votes to 78<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/breaking-dvorkovich-elected-fide-president|title=Dvorkovich Elected FIDE President|first=Peter|last=Doggers (PeterDoggers)|website=Chess.com|date=October 4, 2018 }}</ref> against Makropoulos, after [[Nigel Short]] withdrew his candidacy at the last minute and expressed his support to the Russian candidate.

At FIDE's general assembly in [[Chennai]], India, in August 2022 Dvorkovich got re-elected by 157 votes to 16 against Ukraine's [[Andrey Baryshpolets|Andrii Baryshpolets]].<ref name="Reuters2022Russian">{{cite news

| title       = Russian former deputy PM Dvorkovich re-elected chess federation president

| url         = https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/chess-russian-former-deputy-pm-dvorkovich-re-elected-fide-president-2022-08-07/

| work       = Reuters

| date         = 2022-08-07  

| access-date = 2022-09-02

}}</ref>

On February 27, 2022, FIDE issued an official statement condemning the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. As a consequence, Russia and Belarus were forbidden from hosting official FIDE events. The decision to hold the [[44th Chess Olympiad|2022 Chess Olympiad]] and the 2022 FIDE congress in Moscow was also revoked.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/mar/21/sergey-karjakin-banned-chess-fide-russia-invasion-ukraine|title=Russia's Sergey Karjakin banned from chess for supporting invasion of Ukraine|website=theguardian.com|date=2022-03-21}}</ref> The Russian and Belarusian national teams were banned from participating in FIDE tournaments, although individual players could compete if they complied with strict regulations, in which case their federation and flag was replaced with FIDE and its banner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-belarus-chess-ban/31756039.html|title=Chess Federation Bans Russia, Belarus From Tournaments Over Ukraine Invasion|website=rferl.org |date=2022-03-16}}</ref>

On March 22, 2022, FIDE decided to issue a six-month ban from competing in rated tournaments against Russian grandmaster [[Sergey Karjakin]]. Karjakin had posted controversial statements on [[Twitter]] in which he declared his support for the invasion of Ukraine and for President [[Vladimir Putin]]'s characterization of the war as a fight against Nazism. FIDE argued that Karjakin's statements had shed a negative light on chess and on the federation and found that he had violated the FIDE code of ethics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/dwcom-en-checkmate-russias-war-on-ukraine-fractures-tight-knit-world-of-chess-a-61158979/a-61212688#:~:text=FIDE's%20executive%20council%20met%20on,it%20had%20not%20been%20moved.|title=Russian chessmaster banned by world chess federation over support for Ukraine invasion|first=Kyle |last=McKinnon |website=dw.com |date=2022-03-22}}</ref> [[Sergei Shipov]], who also publicly commented in favor of Russia, was not sanctioned, because FIDE decided that his statements were less provocative.<ref name="theguardian.com"/>

The [[French Chess Federation]] announced that they would not implement any restrictions on transgender players, considering the FIDE decision transphobic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Femmes trans exclues des compétitions d'échec féminines : «En France nous n'allons pas suivre la décision de la fédération internationale» |url=https://www.liberation.fr/sports/femmes-trans-exclues-des-competitions-dechec-feminines-en-france-nous-nallons-pas-suivre-la-decision-de-la-federation-internationale-20230818_O55VKALM7RAUFHET73QVYAMKEI/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Libération |language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213171246/https://www.liberation.fr/sports/femmes-trans-exclues-des-competitions-dechec-feminines-en-france-nous-nallons-pas-suivre-la-decision-de-la-federation-internationale-20230818_O55VKALM7RAUFHET73QVYAMKEI/|archive-date=13 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> A little later, the [[German Chess Federation]] said in a statement that they do not exclude transgender women from women's tournaments, and made reference to [[Annemarie Sylvia Meier]], a transgender woman who won the 2003 [[German_Chess_Championship#Women|German Women's Chess Championship]]. They also said that no one should have to experience violence and discrimination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement of the German Chess Federation on the "@FIDE_chess Policy on Transgender Chess Players Registration" |url=https://twitter.com/Schachbund/status/1692480523954790481 |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Twitter |language=en |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230818112249/https://twitter.com/Schachbund/status/1692480523954790481 |archive-date=18 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Similar statements were also released by the English, Finnish and US chess federations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Baska |first1=Maggie |title=English Chess Federation 'will not exclude trans women' despite international ban |date=August 20, 2023 |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/08/20/english-chess-federation-fide-trans-women-policy/ |publisher=Pink News |access-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213171314/https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/08/20/english-chess-federation-fide-trans-women-policy/|archive-date=13 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

*{{Cite book

|last1=Kazic|first1=Bozidar

|last2=Keene|first2=Raymond|author-link2=Raymond Keene

|last3=Lim|first3=Kok Ann

|year=1985

|title=The Official Laws of Chess

|publisher=Batsford

|isbn= 0-7134-4802-4