Growth factor: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | ||
A '''growth factor''' is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating [[cell proliferation]], [[wound healing]], and occasionally [[cellular differentiation]].<ref>{{DorlandsDict|three/000038554|growth factor}}</ref> Usually it is a secreted [[protein]] or a [[steroid hormone]] | A '''growth factor''' is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating [[cell proliferation]], [[wound healing]], and occasionally [[cellular differentiation]].<ref>{{DorlandsDict|three/000038554|growth factor}}</ref> Usually it is a secreted [[protein]] or a [[steroid hormone]]. | ||
{{anchor|cytokine}} | {{anchor|cytokine}} | ||
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While ''growth factor'' implies a positive effect on [[cell proliferation]], ''cytokine'' is a neutral term with respect to whether a molecule affects proliferation. While some cytokines can be growth factors, such as [[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor|G-CSF]] and [[Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor|GM-CSF]], others have an inhibitory effect on [[cell growth]] or cell proliferation. Some cytokines, such as [[Fas ligand]], are used as "death" signals; they cause target cells to undergo programmed [[cell death]] or ''[[apoptosis]]''. | While ''growth factor'' implies a positive effect on [[cell proliferation]], ''cytokine'' is a neutral term with respect to whether a molecule affects proliferation. While some cytokines can be growth factors, such as [[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor|G-CSF]] and [[Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor|GM-CSF]], others have an inhibitory effect on [[cell growth]] or cell proliferation. Some cytokines, such as [[Fas ligand]], are used as "death" signals; they cause target cells to undergo programmed [[cell death]] or ''[[apoptosis]]''. | ||
== List of classes == | == List of classes == | ||
{{Incomplete list|date=February 2011}} | {{Incomplete list|date=February 2011}} | ||
{{no references|section|date=August 2025}} | |||
Individual growth factor proteins tend to occur as members of larger families of structurally and [[evolution]]arily related proteins. There are many families, some of which are listed below: | Individual growth factor proteins tend to occur as members of larger families of structurally and [[evolution]]arily related proteins. There are many families, some of which are listed below: | ||
* [[Adrenomedullin]] (AM) | * [[Adrenomedullin]] (AM) | ||
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* [[Bone morphogenetic protein]]s (BMPs) | * [[Bone morphogenetic protein]]s (BMPs) | ||
* Ciliary neurotrophic factor family | * Ciliary neurotrophic factor family | ||
* [[Colony-stimulating factor]]s | * [[Colony-stimulating factor]]s | ||
* [[Epidermal growth factor]] (EGF) | * [[Epidermal growth factor]] (EGF) | ||
* [[Ephrin]]s | * [[Ephrin]]s | ||
* [[Erythropoietin]] (EPO) | * [[Erythropoietin]] (EPO) | ||
* [[Fibroblast growth factor]] (FGF) | * [[Fibroblast growth factor]] (FGF) | ||
* [[Bovine somatotropin|Foetal Bovine Somatotrophin]] (FBS) | * [[Bovine somatotropin|Foetal Bovine Somatotrophin]] (FBS) | ||
* [[GDNF family of ligands]] | * [[GDNF family of ligands]] | ||
* [[Growth differentiation factor-9]] (GDF9) | * [[Growth differentiation factor-9]] (GDF9) | ||
* [[Hepatocyte growth factor]] (HGF) | * [[Hepatocyte growth factor]] (HGF) | ||
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* [[Insulin]] | * [[Insulin]] | ||
* [[Insulin-like growth factor]]s | * [[Insulin-like growth factor]]s | ||
*Interleukins | *Interleukins | ||
* [[Keratinocyte growth factor]] (KGF) | * [[Keratinocyte growth factor]] (KGF) | ||
* [[PRG4|Migration-stimulating factor]] (MSF) | * [[PRG4|Migration-stimulating factor]] (MSF) | ||
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* [[Myostatin]] (GDF-8) | * [[Myostatin]] (GDF-8) | ||
* [[Neuregulin]]s | * [[Neuregulin]]s | ||
* [[Neurotrophins]] | * [[Neurotrophins]] | ||
* [[Placental growth factor]] (PGF) | * [[Placental growth factor]] (PGF) | ||
* [[Platelet-derived growth factor]] (PDGF) | * [[Platelet-derived growth factor]] (PDGF) | ||
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* [[Thrombopoietin]] (TPO) | * [[Thrombopoietin]] (TPO) | ||
* [[Transforming growth factor]]s | * [[Transforming growth factor]]s | ||
* [[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] (TNF-α) | * [[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] (TNF-α) | ||
* [[Vascular endothelial growth factor]] (VEGF) | * [[Vascular endothelial growth factor]] (VEGF) | ||
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== Uses in medicine == | == Uses in medicine == | ||
For the last two decades, growth factors have been increasingly used in the treatment of [[hematology|hematologic]] and [[oncology|oncologic]] diseases<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cottler-Fox M, Klein HG | title = Transfusion support of hematology and oncology patients. The role of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors | journal = Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine | volume = 118 | issue = 4 | pages = 417–20 | date = April 1994 | pmid = 7909429 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Aaronson SA | title = Growth factors and cancer | journal = Science | volume = 254 | issue = 5035 | pages = 1146–53 | date = November 1991 | pmid = 1659742 | doi = 10.1126/science.1659742 | bibcode = 1991Sci...254.1146A }}</ref> and cardiovascular diseases<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Domouzoglou EM, Naka KK, Vlahos AP, Papafaklis MI, Michalis LK, Tsatsoulis A, Maratos-Flier E | title = Fibroblast growth factors in cardiovascular disease: The emerging role of FGF21 | journal = American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology | volume = 309 | issue = 6 | pages = H1029-38 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 26232236 | pmc = 4747916 | doi = 10.1152/ajpheart.00527.2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gorenoi|first1=Vitali|last2=Brehm|first2=Michael U.|last3=Koch|first3=Armin|last4=Hagen|first4=Anja|date=2017|title=Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2017|issue=6 | | For the last two decades, growth factors have been increasingly used in the treatment of [[hematology|hematologic]] and [[oncology|oncologic]] diseases<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cottler-Fox M, Klein HG | title = Transfusion support of hematology and oncology patients. The role of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors | journal = Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine | volume = 118 | issue = 4 | pages = 417–20 | date = April 1994 | pmid = 7909429 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Aaronson SA | title = Growth factors and cancer | journal = Science | volume = 254 | issue = 5035 | pages = 1146–53 | date = November 1991 | pmid = 1659742 | doi = 10.1126/science.1659742 | bibcode = 1991Sci...254.1146A }}</ref> and cardiovascular diseases<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Domouzoglou EM, Naka KK, Vlahos AP, Papafaklis MI, Michalis LK, Tsatsoulis A, Maratos-Flier E | title = Fibroblast growth factors in cardiovascular disease: The emerging role of FGF21 | journal = American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology | volume = 309 | issue = 6 | pages = H1029-38 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 26232236 | pmc = 4747916 | doi = 10.1152/ajpheart.00527.2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gorenoi|first1=Vitali|last2=Brehm|first2=Michael U.|last3=Koch|first3=Armin|last4=Hagen|first4=Anja|date=2017|title=Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2017|issue=6 |article-number=CD011741|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD011741.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmid=28594443|pmc=6481523}}</ref> such as: | ||
* [[skin wound healing and regeneration of other tissues such as bone]] (PDGF-BB) | * [[skin wound healing and regeneration of other tissues such as bone]] (PDGF-BB) | ||