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{{Short description|Official word describing a resident of the U.S. state of Indiana}}
{{Short description|Official word describing a resident of the U.S. state of Indiana}}
{{About|the official demonym for a resident of the U.S. state of Indiana}}
{{About|the official demonym for a resident of the U.S. state of Indiana}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2026}}
'''Hoosier''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|uː|ʒ|ər}} is the official [[demonym]] for the people of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Indiana]]. The origin of the term remains a matter of debate;<ref name=whatIsAHoosier/> however, "Hoosier" was in general use by the 1840s,<ref name=H5/> having been popularized by [[Richmond, Indiana|Richmond]] resident John Finley's 1833 poem "The Hoosier's Nest".<ref name=H5>{{cite journal |last=Haller |first=Steve |date=Autumn 2008 |title=The Meanings of Hoosier. 175 Years and Counting |journal=Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History |volume=20 |issue=4 |page=5 |publisher=[[Indiana Historical Society]] |location=[[Indianapolis]] |issn=1040-788X }}</ref> Indiana adopted the nickname "The Hoosier State" more than 150 years ago.<ref name=whatIsAHoosier>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/history/2612.htm |title=What is a Hoosier? |publisher=[[Indiana Historical Bureau]] |access-date=March 17, 2012 |archive-date=February 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229183247/http://www.in.gov/history/2612.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
'''Hoosier''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|uː|ʒ|ər}} is the official [[demonym]] for the people of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Indiana]]. The origin of the term remains a matter of debate;<ref name=whatIsAHoosier/> however, "Hoosier" was in general use by the 1840s,<ref name=H5/> having been popularized by [[Richmond, Indiana|Richmond]] resident John Finley's 1833 poem "The Hoosier's Nest".<ref name=H5>{{cite journal |last=Haller |first=Steve |date=Autumn 2008 |title=The Meanings of Hoosier. 175 Years and Counting |journal=Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History |volume=20 |issue=4 |page=5 |publisher=[[Indiana Historical Society]] |location=[[Indianapolis]] |issn=1040-788X }}</ref> Indiana adopted the nickname "The Hoosier State" more than 150 years ago.<ref name=whatIsAHoosier>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/history/2612.htm |title=What is a Hoosier? |publisher=[[Indiana Historical Bureau]] |access-date=March 17, 2012 |archive-date=February 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229183247/http://www.in.gov/history/2612.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>


"Hoosier" is used in the names of numerous Indiana-based businesses and organizations. "Hoosiers" is also the [[athletic nickname|name]] of the [[Indiana Hoosiers|Indiana University athletic teams]]. As there is no accepted embodiment of a Hoosier, the IU schools are represented through their letters and colors alone. The term is universally accepted by residents of Indiana and, as of 2017, is also the official demonym used by the [[U.S. Government Publishing Office]] (GPO), making it the only GPO-recommended demonym of any US state that is not directly formed from the state's name. Before 2017, the GPO-recommended demonym for the state was "Indianian".<ref name="usgpo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/01/12/hoosiers-indianians-government-printing-office-style-guide-indiana/96461434/ |title=Don't Call Them Indianians; They're Hoosiers |last=Groppe |first=Maureen |date=January 12, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |publisher=[[Gannett]] |access-date=August 31, 2017 |archive-date=October 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020085344/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/01/12/hoosiers-indianians-government-printing-office-style-guide-indiana/96461434/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
"Hoosier" is used in the names of numerous Indiana-based businesses and organizations. "Hoosiers" is also the [[athletic nickname|name]] of the [[Indiana Hoosiers|Indiana University athletic teams]], whose mascot, a bison, is named Hoosier. As of 2017, the term is the official demonym used by the [[U.S. Government Publishing Office]] (GPO), making it the only GPO-recommended demonym of any US state that is not directly formed from the state's name. Before 2017, the GPO-recommended demonym for the state was "Indianian".<ref name="usgpo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/01/12/hoosiers-indianians-government-printing-office-style-guide-indiana/96461434/ |title=Don't Call Them Indianians; They're Hoosiers |last=Groppe |first=Maureen |date=January 12, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |publisher=[[Gannett]] |access-date=August 31, 2017 |archive-date=October 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020085344/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/01/12/hoosiers-indianians-government-printing-office-style-guide-indiana/96461434/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Origin==
==Origin==
In addition to "The Hoosier's Nest," the term also appeared in the ''[[Indianapolis Journal]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s "Carrier's Address" on January 1, 1833. There are many suggestions for the derivation of the word but none is universally accepted. In 1833, the [[The Statesman (Pittsburgh)|Pittsburgh ''Statesman'']] said the term had been in use for "some time past" and suggested it originated from census workers calling "Who's here?". Also in 1833, former Indiana Governor [[James B. Ray]] began publishing a newspaper titled ''The Hoosier''.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Niles' Weekly Register|date=December 28, 1833|title=The Hoosier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xc0-AQAAMAAJ&q=hoosier&pg=PA292}}</ref>
In addition to "The Hoosier's Nest", the term also appeared in the ''[[Indianapolis Journal]]''{{'}}s "Carrier's Address" on January 1, 1833. There are many suggestions for the derivation of the word but none is universally accepted. In 1833, the [[The Statesman (Pittsburgh)|Pittsburgh ''Statesman'']] said the term had been in use for "some time past" and suggested it originated from census workers calling "Who's here?". Also in 1833, former Indiana Governor [[James B. Ray]] began publishing a newspaper titled ''The Hoosier''.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Niles' Weekly Register|date=December 28, 1833|title=The Hoosier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xc0-AQAAMAAJ&q=hoosier&pg=PA292}}</ref>


===Scholarship===
===Scholarship===
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Two related stories trace the origin of the term to gangs of workers from Indiana under the direction of a Mr. Hoosier.
Two related stories trace the origin of the term to gangs of workers from Indiana under the direction of a Mr. Hoosier.


The account related by Dunn<ref>{{cite book |last=Dunn |first=Jacob Piatt |title=The Word Hoosier |location=Indianapolis |publisher=Bobbs-Merrill |year=1907 |pages=16–17}} (Indiana Historical Society Publications, Vol. 4, no. 2. 1907.)</ref> is that a Louisville contractor named Samuel Hoosier preferred to hire workers from communities on the Indiana side of the Ohio River like [[New Albany, Indiana|New Albany]] rather than Kentuckians. During the excavation of the [[Louisville and Portland Canal|first canal]] around the [[Falls of the Ohio]] from 1826 to 1833, his employees became known as "Hoosier's men" and then simply "Hoosiers". The usage spread from these hard-working laborers to all of the Indiana boatmen in the area and then spread north with the settlement of the state. The story was told to Dunn in 1901 by a man who had heard it from a Hoosier relative while traveling in southern [[Tennessee]]. Dunn could not find any family of the given name in any directory in the region or anyone else in southern Tennessee who had heard the story and accounted himself dubious. This version was subsequently retold by [[list of Hoosier governors|Gov]].&thinsp;[[Evan Bayh]] and [[list of Hoosier senators|Sen]].&thinsp;[[Vance Hartke]], who introduced the story into the ''[[Congressional Record]]'' in 1975,{{sfnp |Graf |2000}} and matches the timing and location of Smith's subsequent research. However, the [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] has been unable to find any record of a Hoosier or Hosier in surviving canal company records.<ref name=tri>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Leland R. |last2=Parrish |first2=Charles E. |title=Triumph at the Falls: The Louisville and Portland Canal |page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015073593314;view=1up;seq=54 42] |publisher=U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |location=Louisville |year=2007 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005540031 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011174458/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005540031 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 11, 2021 }}</ref>
The account related by Dunn<ref>{{cite book |last=Dunn |first=Jacob Piatt |title=The Word Hoosier |location=Indianapolis |publisher=Bobbs-Merrill |year=1907 |pages=16–17}} (Indiana Historical Society Publications, Vol. 4, no. 2. 1907.)</ref> is that a Louisville contractor named Samuel Hoosier preferred to hire workers from communities on the Indiana side of the Ohio River like [[New Albany, Indiana|New Albany]] rather than Kentuckians. During the excavation of the [[Louisville and Portland Canal|first canal]] around the [[Falls of the Ohio]] from 1826 to 1833, his employees became known as "Hoosier's men" and then simply "Hoosiers". The usage spread from these hard-working laborers to all of the Indiana boatmen in the area and then spread north with the settlement of the state. The story was told to Dunn in 1901 by a man who had heard it from a Hoosier relative while traveling in southern [[Tennessee]]. Dunn could not find any family of the given name in any directory in the region or anyone else in southern Tennessee who had heard the story and accounted himself dubious. This version was subsequently retold by [[List of governors of Indiana|Gov]].&thinsp;[[Evan Bayh]] and [[List of United States senators from Indiana|Sen]].&thinsp;[[Vance Hartke]], who introduced the story into the ''[[Congressional Record]]'' in 1975,{{sfnp |Graf |2000}} and matches the timing and location of Smith's subsequent research. However, the [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] has been unable to find any record of a Hoosier or Hosier in surviving canal company records.<ref name=tri>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Leland R. |last2=Parrish |first2=Charles E. |title=Triumph at the Falls: The Louisville and Portland Canal |page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015073593314;view=1up;seq=54 42] |publisher=U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |location=Louisville |year=2007 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005540031 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011174458/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005540031 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 11, 2021 }}</ref>


==Other uses==
==Other uses==
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A [[Hoosier cabinet]], often shortened to "hoosier", is a type of free-standing kitchen cabinet popular in the early decades of the twentieth century. Almost all of these cabinets were produced by companies located in Indiana and the name derives from the largest of them, the Hoosier Manufacturing Co. of [[New Castle, Indiana]]. Other Indiana businesses include [[Hoosier Racing Tire]] and the Hoosier Bat Company, manufacturer of wooden [[baseball bat]]s.
A [[Hoosier cabinet]], often shortened to "hoosier", is a type of free-standing kitchen cabinet popular in the early decades of the twentieth century. Almost all of these cabinets were produced by companies located in Indiana and the name derives from the largest of them, the Hoosier Manufacturing Co. of [[New Castle, Indiana]]. Other Indiana businesses include [[Hoosier Racing Tire]] and the Hoosier Bat Company, manufacturer of wooden [[baseball bat]]s.


The [[RCA Dome]], former home of the [[Indianapolis Colts]], was known as the "Hoosier Dome" before [[RCA]] purchased the [[naming rights]] in 1994. The RCA Dome was replaced by [[Lucas Oil Stadium]] in 2008.
The [[RCA Dome]], former home of the [[Indianapolis Colts]], was known as the "Hoosier Dome" before [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] purchased the [[naming rights]] in 1994. The RCA Dome was replaced by [[Lucas Oil Stadium]] in 2008.


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
{{more citations needed section|date=September 2017}} <!-- Please cite third-part references (not just the work itself) to show that the mention in the work is sufficiently noteworthy to mention here -->
{{more citations needed section|date=September 2017}} <!-- Please cite third-party references (not just the work itself) to show that the mention in the work is sufficiently noteworthy to mention here -->
* Indiana native [[Kurt Vonnegut]]'s book ''[[Cat's Cradle]]'' describes this identification as an example of a [[granfalloon]].   
* Indiana native [[Kurt Vonnegut]]'s book ''[[Cat's Cradle]]'' describes this identification as an example of a [[granfalloon]].   
* In the book ''Double Negative'' by [[David Carkeet]], Wach exhorts Cook to give a PR talk, perhaps on Hoosier. As a result, Cook researches its etymology.
*In the movie ''[[The Outlaw Josey Wales]]'' (starring [[Clint Eastwood]]), a shopkeeper states "I'm a Hoosier" to the disgust of an elderly customer.
*In the movie ''[[The Outlaw Josey Wales]]'' (starring [[Clint Eastwood]]), a shopkeeper states "I'm a Hoosier" to the disgust of an elderly customer.
* The [[HBO]] miniseries ''[[The Pacific (TV miniseries)|The Pacific]]'' refers to [[Private First Class|PFC]] Bill Smith by the nickname "Hoosier", as do the two Marine memoirs on which the series is based.
* The [[HBO]] miniseries ''[[The Pacific (TV miniseries)|The Pacific]]'' refers to [[Private First Class|PFC]] Bill Smith by the nickname "Hoosier", as do the two Marine memoirs on which the series is based.
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*In the movie ''[[We're No Angels (1989 film)|We're No Angels]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s character says when asked to wear work clothes as a disguise, "Whaddya think I am, a Hoosier or something?"
*In the movie ''[[We're No Angels (1989 film)|We're No Angels]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s character says when asked to wear work clothes as a disguise, "Whaddya think I am, a Hoosier or something?"
*In the book ''[[Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia]]'', gangster [[Benjamin "Lefty Guns" Ruggiero]] uses Hoosier as an [[epithet]].{{vague|date=August 2017|reason=Is it clear whether he intended to evoke that state??}}
*In the book ''[[Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia]]'', gangster [[Benjamin "Lefty Guns" Ruggiero]] uses Hoosier as an [[epithet]].{{vague|date=August 2017|reason=Is it clear whether he intended to evoke that state??}}
*''[[Hoosiers (film)|Hoosiers]]'', a 1986 sports film about a small-town Indiana high school basketball team that wins the state championship.
*''[[Hoosiers (film)|Hoosiers]]'', a 1986 sports film, is about a small-town Indiana high school basketball team that wins the state championship.
*The Frugal Hoosier is a fictional discount grocery store depicted in the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] sitcom ''[[The Middle (TV series)|The Middle]]'', based in the fictional Indiana town of Orson.
*The Frugal Hoosier is a fictional discount grocery store depicted in the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] sitcom ''[[The Middle (TV series)|The Middle]]'', based in the fictional Indiana town of Orson.
*In the [[NBC]] sitcom ''[[Parks and Recreation]]'' episode "[[Soulmates (Parks and Recreation)|Soulmates]]," a fictional [[Online dating service|online dating site]] called "hoosiermate.com" was the main subject. The series is set in Indiana.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sepinwall |first1=Allan |title=Review: 'Parks and Recreation' - 'Soulmates': Me and you, Boo |url= https://uproxx.com/sepinwall/parks-and-recreation-soulmates-food-n-stuff/ |website=Uproxx |date=21 April 2011 |access-date=March 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702020737/http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/whats-alan-watching/posts/parks-and-recreation-soulmates-food-n-stuff |archive-date=2 July 2011 }}</ref>
*In the [[NBC]] sitcom ''[[Parks and Recreation]]'' episode "[[Soulmates (Parks and Recreation)|Soulmates]]", a fictional [[Online dating service|online dating site]] called "hoosiermate.com" was the main subject. The series is set in Indiana.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sepinwall |first1=Allan |title=Review: 'Parks and Recreation' - 'Soulmates': Me and you, Boo |url= https://uproxx.com/sepinwall/parks-and-recreation-soulmates-food-n-stuff/ |website=Uproxx |date=21 April 2011 |access-date=March 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702020737/http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/whats-alan-watching/posts/parks-and-recreation-soulmates-food-n-stuff |archive-date=2 July 2011 }}</ref>
* The [[United States Secret Service|US Secret Service]] has designated the [[Secret Service code name|code name]] "Hoosier" for former US Vice President, former Indiana Governor, and Indiana native [[Mike Pence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-mike-pence-secret-service-codenames/index.html |title=Here are the Secret Service codenames for Trump, Pence |first1=Eli |last1=Watkins |first2=Noah |last2=Gray |publisher=CNN |date=July 27, 2016 |access-date=March 22, 2017 |archive-date=January 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127062348/http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-mike-pence-secret-service-codenames/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The [[United States Secret Service|US Secret Service]] has designated the [[Secret Service code name|code name]] "Hoosier" for former US Vice President, former Indiana Governor, and Indiana native [[Mike Pence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-mike-pence-secret-service-codenames/index.html |title=Here are the Secret Service codenames for Trump, Pence |first1=Eli |last1=Watkins |first2=Noah |last2=Gray |publisher=CNN |date=July 27, 2016 |access-date=March 22, 2017 |archive-date=January 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127062348/http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-mike-pence-secret-service-codenames/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On his podcast, retired [[Indianapolis Colts]] punter [[Pat McAfee]] defined the term as "a human who is willing to stand up in the face of adversity, chug two beers, and do anything he can to make America a better place. That's what a Hoosier is."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.podcastone.com/embed?progID=1031&pid=1725320|title=The Pat McAfee Show Podcast - PMS 018|date=April 13, 2017|website=Podcast One|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414080529/http://www.podcastone.com/embed?progID=1031&pid=1725320|archive-date=April 14, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* On his podcast, retired [[Indianapolis Colts]] punter [[Pat McAfee]] defined the term as "a human who is willing to stand up in the face of adversity, chug two beers, and do anything he can to make America a better place. That's what a Hoosier is."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.podcastone.com/embed?progID=1031&pid=1725320|title=The Pat McAfee Show Podcast - PMS 018|date=April 13, 2017|website=Podcast One|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414080529/http://www.podcastone.com/embed?progID=1031&pid=1725320|archive-date=April 14, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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