Devanagari numerals: Difference between revisions

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==Table==
==Table==
In modern-era, languages like Hindi, Marathi and Nepali have adopted Devanagari as the standard script, before which they were respectively written using [[Kaithi script|Kaithi]], [[Modi script|Modi]] and [[Newari scripts]].
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
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! [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
! [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|० || [[0 (number)|0]] ||शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}}) || शून्य ({{IAST|śūny}})|| शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}})|| शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}})
|style="font-size:200%"|० || [[0 (number)|0]] ||शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}}) || शून्य<ref>{{cite web |title=शून्य (Shoony) का तद्भव - Hindi Tutor |url=https://hinditutor.in/qa/97246/शून्य-shoony-का-तद्भव |website=hinditutor.in}}</ref> ({{IAST|śūnya}})|| शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}})|| {{Lang|ne|शून्य}} ({{Lang|ne-Latn|śūnya}}) — colloq.सुन्ना<ref>{{cite web |title=सुन्ना |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/सुन्ना#Nepali |website=Wiktionary, the free dictionary |language=en |date=28 February 2021}}</ref> ({{IAST|sunnā}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|१ || [[1 (number)|1]] ||एक {{IAST|eka}} ||एक ({{IAST|ek}}) || एक ({{IAST|ek}})|| एक ({{IAST|ek}})
|style="font-size:200%"|१ || [[1 (number)|1]] ||{{Lang|sa|एक}} ({{Lang|sa-Latn|eka}}) ||एक ({{IAST|ek}}) || एक ({{IAST|ek}})|| एक ({{IAST|ek}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|२ || [[2 (number)|2]] ||द्वि {{IAST|dvi}} ||दो ({{IAST|do}}) || दोन ({{IAST|don}})|| दुइ  ({{IAST|dui}})
|style="font-size:200%"|२ || [[2 (number)|2]] ||द्वि ({{IAST|dvi}}) ||दो ({{IAST|do}}) || दोन ({{IAST|don}})|| दुई ({{IAST|dui}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|३ || [[3 (number)|3]] ||त्रि {{IAST|tri}} ||तीन ({{IAST|tīn}}) || तीन ({{IAST|tīn}})|| तिन ({{IAST|tīn}})
|style="font-size:200%"|३ || [[3 (number)|3]] ||त्रि ({{IAST|tri}}) ||तीन ({{IAST|tīn}}) || तीन ({{IAST|tīn}})|| तिन ({{IAST|tīn}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|४ || [[4 (number)|4]] ||चतुर् {{IAST|catur}} ||चार ({{IAST|cār}}) || चार ({{IAST|cār}})|| चारि ({{IAST|cāri}})
|style="font-size:200%"|४ || [[4 (number)|4]] ||चतुर् ({{IAST|catur}}) ||चार ({{IAST|cār}}) || चार ({{IAST|cār}})|| चार ({{IAST|cār}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|५ || [[5 (number)|5]] ||पञ्च {{IAST|pañca}} ||पाँच ({{IAST|pāñc}}) || पाच ({{IAST|pāch}})|| पाँच ({{IAST|pānch}})
|style="font-size:200%"|५ || [[5 (number)|5]] ||पञ्च ({{IAST|pañca}}) ||पाँच ({{IAST|pāñc}}) || पाच ({{IAST|pāch}})|| पाँच ({{IAST|pāñc}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|६ || [[6 (number)|6]] ||षट् {{IAST|ṣaṭ}} ||छह ({{IAST|chah}}) || सहा ({{IAST|sahā}})|| छअ ({{IAST|chaā}})
|style="font-size:200%"|६ || [[6 (number)|6]] ||षष् ({{IAST|ṣaṣ}})||छह ({{IAST|chah}}) || सहा ({{IAST|sahā}})|| छ ({{IAST|chha}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|७ || [[7 (number)|7]] ||सप्त {{IAST|sapta}} ||सात ({{IAST|sāt}}) || सात ({{IAST|sāt}})|| सात ({{IAST|sāt}})
|style="font-size:200%"|७ || [[7 (number)|7]] ||सप्त ({{IAST|sapta}}) ||सात ({{IAST|sāt}}) || सात ({{IAST|sāt}})|| सात ({{IAST|sāt}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|८ || [[8 (number)|8]] ||अष्ट {{IAST|aṣṭa}} ||आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}}) || आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}})|| आठ ({{IAST|āṭha}})
|style="font-size:200%"|८ || [[8 (number)|8]] ||अष्ट ({{IAST|aṣṭa}}) ||आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}}) || आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}})|| आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|९ || [[9 (number)|9]] ||नव {{IAST|nava}} ||नौ ({{IAST|nau}}) || नऊ ({{IAST|naū}})|| नअ ({{IAST|nā}})
|style="font-size:200%"|९ || [[9 (number)|9]] ||नव ({{IAST|nava}}) ||नौ ({{IAST|nau}}) || नऊ ({{IAST|naū}})|| नौ ({{IAST|nau}})


|}
|}


The word {{IAST|śūnya}} for zero was [[calque]]d into [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as {{lang|ar|صفر|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|sifr}}, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via [[Medieval Latin]] {{Lang|la-x-medieval|zephirum}}.<ref name="Zero">{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=zero|title=zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com}} </ref>
The word {{IAST|śūnya}} for zero was [[calque]]d into [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as {{lang|ar|صفر|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|sifr}}, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via [[Medieval Latin]] {{Lang|la-x-medieval|zephirum}}.<ref name="Zero">{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=zero|title=zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com}} </ref> In [[Hindustani language]], it was borrowed from Arabic (via Persian) as {{linktext|सिफ़र}} ({{IAST|sifar}}).


==Variants==
==Variants==
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In Nepali language '''५, ८, ९''' (5, 8, 9) - these numbers are slightly different from modern Devanagari numbers. In Nepali language uses old Devanagari system for writing these numbers, like '''{{lang|ne|५}}, {{lang|ne|८}}, {{lang|ne|९}}'''
In Nepali language '''५, ८, ९''' (5, 8, 9) - these numbers are slightly different from modern Devanagari numbers. The Nepali language uses the old Devanagari system for writing these numbers, like '''{{lang|ne|५}}, {{lang|ne|८}}, {{lang|ne|९}}'''


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 05:35, 17 March 2026

Template:Table Numeral Systems

The Devanagari numerals are the symbols used to write numbers in the Devanagari script, predominantly used for northern Indian languages. They are used to write decimal numbers, instead of the Western Arabic numerals.

Table

In modern-era, languages like Hindi, Marathi and Nepali have adopted Devanagari as the standard script, before which they were respectively written using Kaithi, Modi and Newari scripts.

Modern
Devanagari		 Western
Arabic 		Words for the cardinal number
Sanskrit
(wordstem) 		Hindi Marathi Nepali
० 0 शून्य (śūnya) शून्य[1] (śūnya) शून्य (śūnya) शून्य (śūnya) — colloq.सुन्ना[2] (sunnā)
१ 1 एक (eka) एक (ek) एक (ek) एक (ek)
२ 2 द्वि (dvi) दो (do) दोन (don) दुई (dui)
३ 3 त्रि (tri) तीन (tīn) तीन (tīn) तिन (tīn)
४ 4 चतुर् (catur) चार (cār) चार (cār) चार (cār)
५ 5 पञ्च (pañca) पाँच (pāñc) पाच (pāch) पाँच (pāñc)
६ 6 षष् (ṣaṣ) छह (chah) सहा (sahā) छ (chha)
७ 7 सप्त (sapta) सात (sāt) सात (sāt) सात (sāt)
८ 8 अष्ट (aṣṭa) आठ (āṭh) आठ (āṭh) आठ (āṭh)
९ 9 नव (nava) नौ (nau) नऊ (naū) नौ (nau)

The word śūnya for zero was calqued into Arabic as صفر‎ sifr, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via Medieval Latin zephirum.[3] In Hindustani language, it was borrowed from Arabic (via Persian) as सिफ़र (sifar).

Variants

Template:Moreref

File:Sanskrit Arabic numerals.jpg
A comparison of Sanskrit and Eastern Arabic numerals

Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature.[4][5]

१ File:Devanagari Numeral 1 var 1.png
Common 		File:Devanagari Numeral 1 var 2.png
Nepali 		1
५ File:Devanagari Numeral 5 var 1.png
"Bombay" Variant 		File:Devanagari Numeral 5 var 2.png
"Calcutta" Variant 		5
८ File:Devanagari Numeral 8 var 1.png
"Bombay" Variant 		File:Devanagari Numeral 8 var 2.png
"Calcutta" Variant 		8
९ File:Devanagari Numeral 9 var 1.png
Common 		File:Devanagari Numeral 9 var 2.png
Nepali Variant 		9

In Nepali language ५, ८, ९ (5, 8, 9) - these numbers are slightly different from modern Devanagari numbers. The Nepali language uses the old Devanagari system for writing these numbers, like ५, ८, ९

See also

References

Notes
  1. ↑ "शून्य (Shoony) का तद्भव - Hindi Tutor". hinditutor.in.
  2. ↑ "सुन्ना". Wiktionary, the free dictionary. 28 February 2021.
  3. ↑ "zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
  4. ↑ Devanagari for TEX version 2.17, page 22
  5. ↑ "Alternate digits in Devanagari". Scriptsource.org. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
Sources

Template:Nepali language Template:Devanagari abugida

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